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Afghanistan COIS Report October 2006

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Afghanistan COIS Report October 2006 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT AFGHANISTAN 16 OCTOBER 2006 RDS-IND AFGHANISTAN OCTOBER 2006 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE ii This Country of Origin Information Report contains the most up-to-date publicly available information as at 16 October 2006. Older source material has been included where it contains relevant information not available in more recent documents. OCTOBER 2006 AFGHANISTAN Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN AFGHANISTAN FROM 1 OCTOBER 2006 TO 16 OCTOBER 2006 REPORTS ON AFGHANISTAN PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 1 OCTOBER AND 27 OCTOBER 2006 Paragraphs Background Information GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 1.01 Maps .............................................................................................. 1.06 ECONOMY ................................................................................................. 2.01 HISTORY ................................................................................................... 3.01 Overview to December 2001........................................................ 3.01 Post-Taliban.................................................................................. 3.02 Presidential election 9 October 2004 and the new Cabinet...... 3.09 Parliamentary and provincial elections 18 September 2005 .... 3.12 Afghanistan Compact 31 January 2006...................................... 3.16 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS........................................................................... 4.01 CONSTITUTION .......................................................................................... 5.01 POLITICAL SYSTEM ................................................................................... 6.01 Overview ....................................................................................... 6.01 Political parties............................................................................. 6.12 Human Rights INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 7.01 SECURITY SITUATION ................................................................................ 8.01 Security situation in different regions........................................ 8.08 Kabul ............................................................................................. 8.08 The West and Herat...................................................................... 8.16 Central ........................................................................................... 8.25 South, south-east and east ........................................................ 8.27 North and north-east.................................................................... 8.39 SECURITY FORCES .................................................................................... 9.01 Developments following 11 September 2001............................. 9.01 Police............................................................................................. 9.07 Structure and reform.................................................................. 9.07 Torture ....................................................................................... 9.19 Extra-judicial killings .................................................................. 9.23 Armed Forces ............................................................................... 9.24 Other Government Forces........................................................... 9.31 National Security Directorate (NSD) (Amniat-e Melli)................ 9.31 International Forces ..................................................................... 9.36 International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs)........................... 9.36 The role of Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs)................ 9.42 Avenues of Complaint ................................................................. 9.47 MILITARY SERVICE .................................................................................... 10.01 ABUSES BY NON-GOVERNMENT ARMED FORCES ....................................... 11.01 Warlords and commanders ......................................................... 11.01 War crimes and human rights abuses prior to 2001................. 11.12 Persons in conflict with present power brokers ....................... 11.17 This Country of Origin Information Report contains the most up-to-date publicly available information as at 16 October 2006. iii Older source material has been included where it contains relevant information not available in more recent documents. AFGHANISTAN OCTOBER 2006 Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration Programme (DDR).................................................................... 11.20 Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups (DIAG)........................... 11.23 Anti-Coalition Forces (ACF) ........................................................ 11.29 Overview.................................................................................... 11.29 Taliban ....................................................................................... 11.41 Former Taliban members .......................................................... 11.60 Former Taliban participation in 2005 Elections.......................... 11.77 Hizb-e-Islami (Hisb-e-Islami/Hezb-e-Islami/Hizb-i-Islami).......... 11.80 Former Hizb-e-Islami members ................................................. 11.89 Former Hizb-e-Islami members’ participation in the 2005 elections.................................................................. 11.95 Al Qa’ida (Al-Qaeda).................................................................. 11.102 JUDICIARY ................................................................................................ 12.01 Organisation ................................................................................. 12.01 Independence ............................................................................... 12.09 Fair trial ......................................................................................... 12.13 Code of Criminal Procedure........................................................ 12.15 ARREST AND DETENTION – LEGAL RIGHTS ................................................ 13.01 PRISON CONDITIONS ................................................................................. 14.01 US military bases ......................................................................... 14.14 DEATH PENALTY ....................................................................................... 15.01 POLITICAL AFFILIATION ............................................................................. 16.01 Persons with links to the former Communist regime ............... 16.01 KHAD (KhAD) (Former Security Services) ................................ 16.01 Treatment of former KhAD members......................................... 16.08 Former members of the PDPA (People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan) .............................. 16.16 Former Communists’ participation in the 2005 elections ........... 16.25 Freedom of Association and Assembly ..................................... 16.32 Opposition groups and political activists.................................. 16.36 FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND MEDIA .............................................................. 17.01 Overview ....................................................................................... 17.01 Media Law ..................................................................................... 17.11 Newspapers, radio and television .............................................. 17.14 Journalists .................................................................................... 17.20 HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS, ORGANISATIONS AND ACTIVISTS ................ 18.01 Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) ..................................................................................... 18.01 Domestic and international Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) ............................................................. 18.10 Afghans working for international organisations and international security forces ........................................... 18.18 Women’s rights activists ............................................................. 18.23 FREEDOM OF RELIGION ............................................................................. 19.01 Background and demography .................................................... 19.01 Constitutional rights, religious law and institutions................. 19.05 Religious groups .......................................................................... 19.10 Shia (Shiite) Muslims ................................................................. 19.10 Ismailis....................................................................................... 19.14 Sikhs and Hindus....................................................................... 19.16 Converts and Christians ............................................................ 19.27 Mixed marriages ........................................................................ 19.43 ETHNIC GROUPS........................................................................................ 20.01 iv This Country of Origin Information Report contains the most up-to-date publicly available information as at 16 October 2006. Older source material has been included where it contains relevant information not available in more recent
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