DOCSLIB.ORG

Chiefsofstate

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chiefsofstate ELLLLIGIGEEN TTE NCC INN E I A L A L G AA G E R R E N T T N C N N C Y E Y E C C U U A N N A C I IT C I T E RI R E D S E E D S TAT F AMAM TATEESSOOF Directorate of Intelligence Chiefs ofState& CabinetMembers OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS A DIRECTORY DI CS 2009-01 Supersedes DI CS 2008-12 January 2009 Chiefs ofState& CabinetMembers OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS A DIRECTORY Information received as of 2 January 2009 has been used in preparation of this directory. DI CS 2009-01 Supersedes DI CS 2008-12 January 2009 PREFACE The Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments directory is intended to be used primarily as a reference aid and includes as many governments of the world as is considered practical, some of them not officially recognized by the United States. Regimes with which the United States has no diplomatic exchanges are indicated by the initials NDE. Governments are listed in alphabetical order according to the most commonly used version of each country’s name. The spelling of the personal names in this directory follows transliteration systems generally agreed upon by US Government agencies, except in the cases in which officials have stated a preference for alternate spellings of their names. NOTE: Although the head of the central bank is listed for each country, in most cases he or she is not a Cabinet member. Ambassadors to the United States and Permanent Representatives to the UN, New York, have also been included. iii KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS Adm. Admiral Govt. Government Admin. Administrative, Administration Intl. International Asst. Assistant Lt. Lieutenant Brig. Brigadier Maj. Major Capt. Captain Mar. Marshal Cdr. Commander Min. Minister, Ministry Chmn. Chairman NDE No Diplomatic Exchange Col. Colonel Org. Organization Del. Delegate Pres. President Dep. Deputy Prof. Professor Dept. Department RAdm. Rear Admiral Dir. Directory Ret. Retired Div. Division Rev. Reverend Dr. Doctor Sec. Secretary Fd. Mar. Field Marshal Sr. Senior Fed. Federal VAdm. Vice Admiral Gen. General VMar. Vice Marshal iv A Afghanistan Pres. ................................................................................................................. Hamid KARZAI Vice Pres. ........................................................................................................ Ahmad Zia MASOOD Vice Pres. ........................................................................................................ Abdul Karim KHALILI Min. of Agriculture ......................................................................................... Asif RAHIMI Min. of Border & Tribal Affairs ..................................................................... Asadullah KHALID Min. of Commerce & Industry (Acting) ......................................................... Wahidullah SHAHRANI Min. of Communications ................................................................................ Amirzai SANGIN Min. of Counternarcotics ................................................................................ KHODAIDAD, Gen. Min. of Defense .............................................................................................. Abdul Rahim WARDAK Min. of Economy ............................................................................................ Mohammad Jalil SHAMS Min. of Education ........................................................................................... Faruq WARDAK Min. of Energy & Water ................................................................................. Ismail KHAN Min. of Finance ............................................................................................... Anwar Ul-Haq AHADY Min. of Foreign Affairs ................................................................................... Rangin Dadfar SPANTA Min. of Hajj & Islamic Affairs ....................................................................... Niamatullah SHAHRANI Min. of Health ................................................................................................. Sayed Mohammad Amin FATEMI Min. of Higher Education ............................................................................... Mohammad Azam DADFAR Min. of Interior ............................................................................................... Mohammad Hanif ATMAR Min. of Justice ................................................................................................. Mohammad Sarwar DANESH Min. of Martyrs, Disabled, & Social Affairs .................................................. Nur Mohammad QARQIN Min. of Mines & Industries ............................................................................. Ibrahim ADEL Min. of Public Works ...................................................................................... Surab Ali SAFARI Min. of Refugees & Repatriation .................................................................... Mohammad Karim BRAHAWI Min. of Rural Rehabilitation & Development ................................................ Ehsan ZIA Min. of Transportation (Acting) ..................................................................... Omar ZAKHILWAL Min. of Urban Development ........................................................................... Yousef PASHTUN Min. of Women’s Affairs ................................................................................ Hasan Bano GHAZANFAR Min. of Youth & Culture ................................................................................ Abdul Karim KHURAM National Security Adviser ............................................................................... Zalmay RASSOUL, Dr. Governor, Central Bank .................................................................................. Abdul Qadir FITRAT Ambassador to the US .................................................................................... Said Tayeb JAWAD Permanent Representative to the UN, New York ........................................... Zahir TANIN Albania Pres. ................................................................................................................. Bamir TOPI Prime Min. ...................................................................................................... Sali BERISHA Dep. Prime Min. .............................................................................................. Gazmend OKETA Min. of Agriculture ......................................................................................... Jemin GJANA Min. of Culture & Tourism ............................................................................. Ylli PANGO Min. of Defense .............................................................................................. Gazmend OKETA Min. of Economy & Energy ........................................................................... Genc RULI Min. of Education & Science .......................................................................... Genc POLLO Min. of Environment, Forests, & Waters ........................................................ Lufter XHUVELI Min. of Finance ............................................................................................... Ridvan BODE Min. of Foreign Affairs ................................................................................... Lulzim BASHA Min. of Health ................................................................................................. Nard NDOKA Min. of Integration .......................................................................................... Majlinda BREGU Min. of Interior ............................................................................................... Bujar NISHANI Min. of Justice ................................................................................................. Enkelejd ALIBEAJ Min. of Labor, Social Issues, & Equal Opportunity ....................................... Koco BARKA Min. of Transportation .................................................................................... Sokol OLLDASHI Governor, Bank of Albania ............................................................................. Ardian FULLANI Ambassador to the US .................................................................................... Aleksander SALLABANDA Permanent Representative to the UN, New York ........................................... Adrian NERITANI 1 Algeria Pres. ................................................................................................................. Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA Prime Min. ...................................................................................................... Ahmed OUYAHIA Min. of State & Personal Representative of the Head of State ....................... Abdelaziz BELKHADEM Min. of State for Interior & Local Govts. ....................................................... Noureddine Yazid ZERHOUNI Min. of State Without Portfolio ...................................................................... Bouguerra SOLTANI Min. of Agriculture & Rural Development .................................................... Rachid BENAISSA Min. of Commerce .......................................................................................... El Hachemi DJAABOUB Min. of Communication .................................................................................. Abderrachid BOUKERZAZA Min. of Culture ............................................................................................... Khalida TOUMI Min. of Energy & Mining ..............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • JOURNAL OFFICIEL Dela République Démocratique Du Congo Cabinet Du Président De La République
    Premi~re partie 51 e année Numéro spécial JOURNAL OFFICIEL dela République Démocratique du Congo Cabinet du Président de la République • ORDONNANCE No 10/025 DU 19 FEVRIER 2010 PORTANT NOMINATION DES VICE-PREMIERS MINISTRES, DES MINISTRES ET DES VICE-MINISTRES • ORDONNANCE No 10/026 DU 19 FEVRIER 2010 PORTANT NOMINATION D'UN CONSEILLER SPECIAL DU CHEF DE L'ETAT EN MATIERE DE SECURITE • ORDONNANCE No 10/027 DU 19 FEVRIER 2010 PORTANT NOMINATION D'UN DIRECTEUR DE CABINET DU PRESIDENT DE LA REPUBLIQUE Kinshasa - 22 février 2010 Première partie 51 e année Numéro spécial JOURNAL OFFICIEL dela République Démocratique du Congo Cabinet du Président de la République Kinshasa - 22 février 201 0 SOMMAIRE 3. Vice-Premier Ministre, Ministre des Postes, Téléphones et Télécom-munications: PRESIDENCE DE LA REPUBLIQUE Monsieur Simon BULUPIY GALATI 19 février 2010 - Ordonnance no 10/025 portant Article 2: nomination des Vice-premiers Ministres, des Ministres et des Vice-ministres, col. 1. Sont nommées Ministres aux fonctions en regard de leurs noms, les personnes ci-après : 19 février 2010 - Ordonnance no 10/026 portant nomination d'un Conseiller spécial du Chef de l'Etat en 1. Ministre des Affaires Etrangères : matière de sécurité, col. 4. Monsieur Alexis THAMBWE MWAMBA 19 février 2010 - Ordonnance no 10/027 portant 2. Ministre de la Coopération Internationale et nomination d'un Directeur de Cabinet du Président de la Régionale: République, col. 5. Monsieur Raymond TSHIBANDA N'TUNGAMULONGO 3. Ministre de la Défense Nationale et Anciens Combattants : Monsieur Charles MWANDO SIMBA PRESIDENCE DE LA REPUBLIQUE 4. Ministre de la Justice et Droits Humains : Monsieur LUZOLO BAMBI LESSA Ordonnance no 10/025 du 19 février 2010 portant nomination des Vice-premiers Ministres, des 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Ge.05-14028 -2
    Distr. LIMITED E/CN.4/2005/INF.1 Distr. GENERAL E/CN.4/2005/INF.1 21 April 2005 ENGLISH/FRENCH/SPANISH COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS SIXTY-FIRST SESSION LIST OF ATTENDANCE ARGENTINA Representante: Sr. Alberto J. DUMONT Sr. Sergio CERDA Suplentes: Sr. Federico VILLEGAS BELTRAN Sra. Andrea REPETTI ARMENIA Representative: Mr. Zohrab MNATSAKANIAN Members: Mr. Artak APITONIAN Ms. Marta AYVAZYAN Mr. Levon MINASYAN Ms. Lilit SHAKARYAN Ms. Aline DEDEYAN Mr. Suren BAGHDASARYAN Ms. Ani GASPARYAN Mr. Gagik SARGSYAN GE.05-14028 -2- AUSTRALIA Representative: Mr. Mike SMITH Members: Ms. Marise PAYNE Mr. Richard SADLEIR Ms. Amanda GORELY Mr. James CHOI Ms. Julia FEENEY Ms. Lara NASSAU Mr. Mark SAWERS Ms. Rachel MOSELEY Ms. Clare STODDART Mr. Keir MACDONALD Ms. Rebecca LAMBERT Ms. Caroline MILLAR Mr. Andrew PORTER Mr. Richard SADLEIR BHUTAN Mr. Sonam T. RABGYE Representative: Ms. Kunzang C. NAMGYEL Alternate: Mr. Yeshey DORJI Members: Mr. Sonam WANGCHUK Mr. Chitem TENZIN BRAZIL Representative: Mr. Nilmario MIRANDA Alternate: Mr. Luiz Felipe DE SEIXAS CORRÊA Members: Mr. Carlos Antônio DA ROCHA PARANHOS Ms. Maria Luisa VIOTTI Mr. Antônio C.N. PEDRO Mr. Paulino Franco DE CARVALHO NETO Mr. Alan SELLOS -3- Ms. Maria Rita FONTES FARIA Ms. Claudia DE ANGELO BARBOSA Mr. Pedro Marcos DE CASTRO SALDANHA Ms. Luciana MANCINI Ms. Regiane Mara GONÇALVES DE MELO Mr. Christiano Savio BARROS FIGUEROA Ms. Andrea GIOVANNETTI Mr. Sergio RENAULT Mr. Mércio PEREIRA GOMES Ms. Marcia Maria ADORNO CAVALCANTE RAMOS BURKINA FASO Mme Monique ILBOUDO Représentante: M. Michel KAFANDO Suppléant: M. Moussa B. NÉBIÉ Membres: Mme Assétou TOURÉ M. François BADO DE SALLES M.
    [Show full text]
  • Avertissement Liens
    AVERTISSEMENT Ce document est le fruit d’un long travail approuvé par le jury de soutenance et mis à disposition de l’ensemble de la communauté universitaire élargie. Il est soumis à la propriété intellectuelle de l’auteur : ceci implique une obligation de citation et de référencement lors de l’utilisation de ce document. D’autre part, toute contrefaçon, plagiat, reproduction illicite de ce travail expose à des poursuites pénales. Contact : [email protected] LIENS Code la Propriété Intellectuelle – Articles L. 122-4 et L. 335-1 à L. 335-10 Loi n°92-597 du 1er juillet 1992, publiée au Journal Officiel du 2 juillet 1992 http://www.cfcopies.com/V2/leg/leg-droi.php http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/infos-pratiques/droits/protection.htm ����� ������������������������� ������������������������������������� ������������� Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1 Capitole) ��������������������������� M. Haroon MANNANI le 11 juillet 2014 ������� � La reconstruction de l'État-Nation en Afghanistan �������������� et �discipline ou spécialité � � ED SJP : Sciences Politiques �������������������� Centre Toulousain d'Histoire du Droit et des Idées Politiques (CTHDIP) ���������������������������� Mme DANIELLE CABANIS, professeur des universités Université Toulouse 1 Jury: M. FARKHAD ALIMUKHAMEDOV, professeur Université d'Ankara - Rapporteur du jury M. FRANÇOIS-PAUL BLANC, professeur émérite Université de Perpignan - Rapporteur du jury Mme DANIELLE CABANIS, professeur des universités Université Toulouse 1 - Directeur de recherches M. JEAN-MARIE
    [Show full text]
  • Ce General Conference GC (54)/INF/7 Date: 23 September 2010
    Atoms for Peace General Conference GC (54)/INF/7 Date: 23 September 2010 General Distribution Original: English 54th regular session Vienna, 20-24 September 2010 List of Participants Information received by 22 September 2010 Page 1. Member States 1-101 2. Representation of States not Members of the Agency 102 3. Entities Having Received a Standing Invitation to Participate as 103 Observers 4. United Nations and Specialized Agencies 104 5. Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) other than United Nations 105-108 and its Specialized Agencies 6. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) 109-113 7. Individual Observers 114-115 The list of Participants contains information as provided by Delegations. Member States Mr Nikolla CIVICI Director of Applied Nuclear Physics Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of Mr Rustem PACI Head of Delegation: Secretary of Radiation Protection Commission Mr Eklil Ahmad HAKIMI Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs Mr Jovan THERESCA Technical Advisor Alternates: Mr Lorenc XHAFERRAJ Mr Abdul M SHOOGUFAN Expert on International Organisations Ambassador Ministry of Foreign Affairs Governor on the Agency's Board of Governors & Resident Representative to the Agency Permanent Mission to the IAEA Algeria, People's Democratic Republic of Mr Abdul Hai NAZIFI Chairman Head of Delegation: High Commission on Atomic Energy Ms Taous FEROUKHI Ambassador* Mr Mohammad Yama AINI Resident Representative to the Agency Second Secretary Permanent Mission to the IAEA Alternate to the Resident Representative Permanent Mission to the IAEA Alternates:
    [Show full text]
  • Asamblea General Consejo De Seguridad Sexagésimo Primer Período De Sesiones Sexagésimo Segundo Año Tema 16 Del Programa La Situación En El Afganistán
    Naciones Unidas A/61/892–S/2007/255 Asamblea General Distr. general 4 de mayo de 2007 Consejo de Seguridad Español Original: inglés Asamblea General Consejo de Seguridad Sexagésimo primer período de sesiones Sexagésimo segundo año Tema 16 del programa La situación en el Afganistán Carta de fecha 1° de febrero de 2007 dirigida al Secretario General por el Representante Permanente de Liechtenstein ante las Naciones Unidas Tengo el honor de transmitirle el resumen de un coloquio internacional de representantes y expertos de alto nivel sobre el tema “Creación de estabilidad y prosperidad en el Afganistán y su región”, celebrado en Viena, del 26 al 29 de octubre de 2006 (véase el anexo). La reunión fue organizada por el Instituto Liechtenstein sobre la Libre Determinación, de la Facultad Woodrow Wilson de Asuntos Públicos Internacionales de la Universidad de Princeton. Le agradecería que la presente carta y su anexo fueran publicados como documento de la Asamblea General, en relación con el tema 16 del programa, y del Consejo de Seguridad. (Firmado) Christian Wenaweser Embajador Representante Permanente 07-33123 (S) 170507 170507 *0733123* A/61/892 S/2007/255 Anexo de la carta de fecha 1° de febrero de 2007 dirigida al Secretario General por el Representante Permanente de Liechtenstein ante las Naciones Unidas Creación de seguridad y estabilidad en el Afganistán y su región Informe resumido: Instituto Liechtenstein sobre la Libre Determinación El Instituto Liechtenstein sobre la Libre Determinación, de la Facultad Woodrow Wilson de Asuntos Públicos Internacionales de la Universidad de Princeton convocó el coloquio “Creación de estabilidad y prosperidad en el Afganistán y su región” del 26 al 29 de octubre de 2006 en Viena (Austria).
    [Show full text]
  • General Assembly Distr
    UNITED NATIONS A General Assembly Distr. GENERAL A/HRC/6/22 14 April 2008 Original: ENGLISH HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL Sixth session Agenda item 1 Organizational and procedural matters 10-28 September and 10-14 December 2007 REPORT OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL ON ITS SIXTH SESSION Vice-President and Rapporteur: Mr. Alejandro Artucio (Uruguay) GE.08-13124 (E) 090508 A/HRC/6/22 page 2 CONTENTS Page Part One: Resolutions and decisions .............................................................................. 7 Chapter I. Resolutions adopted by the Council at its sixth session ................................. 7 6/1. Protection of cultural rights and property in situations of armed conflict .......................................................................................... 7 6/2. Mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food ......................... 8 6/3. Human rights and international solidarity ............................................... 10 6/4. Arbitrary detention ................................................................................... 13 6/5. Advisory services and technical assistance for Burundi .......................... 16 6/6. Promotion of the enjoyment of the cultural rights of everyone and respect for cultural diversity ............................................................. 17 6/7. Human rights and unilateral coercive measures ...................................... 19 6/8. Human rights and equitable access to safe drinking water and sanitation ..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Commissions of Inquiry and Fact-Finding Missions on International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law Guidance and Practice
    The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights COMMISSIONS OF INQUIRY AND (OHCHR) is mandated to promote and protect the enjoyment and full realization, by all people, of all rights established in international human rights FACT-FINDING MISSIONS ON law. It is guided in its work by the mandate provided by the General Assembly in resolution 48/141, the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS Declaration of Human Rights and subsequent human rights instruments, the • Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action of the 1993 World Conference AND HUMANITARIAN LAW on Human Rights, and the 2005 World Summit Outcome Document. The mandate includes preventing human rights violations, securing respect for all human rights, promoting international cooperation to protect human rights, coordinating related activities throughout the United Nations, and strengthening and streamlining United Nations human rights work. In addition to its mandated responsibilities, it leads efforts to integrate a human rights approach within all work carried out by the United Nations system. GUIDANCE AND PRACTICE Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) Palais des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 10 – Switzerland Telephone: +41 (0) 22 917 90 00 Fax: +41 (0) 22 917 90 08 www.ohchr.org COMMISSIONS OF INQUIRY AND FACT-FINDING MISSIONS ON INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN LAW GUIDANCE AND PRACTICE COMMISSIONS OF INQUIRY AND FACT-FINDING MISSIONS ON INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN LAW Guidance and Practice New York and Geneva, 2015 Note The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Export Agreement Coding (PDF)
    Peace Agreement Access Tool PA-X www.peaceagreements.org Country/entity Democratic Republic of Congo Region Africa (excl MENA) Agreement name Global and Inclusive Political Agreement of the Inter-diocesan Center of Kinshasa Date 31/12/2016 Agreement status Multiparty signed/agreed Interim arrangement No Agreement/conflict level Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Congo Civil Wars (1996 - ) ) Stage Framework/substantive - comprehensive (Agreement) Conflict nature Government Peace process 28: DRC: Second Congo war process Parties 1. Majorité Présidentielle a) Alexis THAMBWE-MWAMBA b) Emmanuel RAMAZANI SHADARl c) Adolphe LUMANU MULENDA BWANA N’SEFU d) Martin KABWELULU e) Lambert MENDE OMALANGA f) Norbert NKULU MITUMBA KILOMBO 2. Opposition républicaine a) Michel BONGONGO IKOLI NDOMBO 3. Opposition politique a) Vital KAMERHE b) Jean Lucien BUSSA c) José MAKILA SUMANDA d) Azarias RUBERWA MANYWA e) Florentin MOKONDA BONZA f) Stève MBlKAYI MABULUKI 4. Société civile a) Marie-Madeleine KALALA NGOY MONGI b) Monseigneur Jean-Luc KUYE-NDONDO c) Maguy KIALA BOLENGA Third parties (Described as 'non-signatory' participants) 1. Rassemblement des Forces Politiques et Sociales 1. Félix TSHISEKEDI TSHILOMBO 2. Valentin Mubake Nombi 3. Christophe LUTUNDULA APALA 4. Gilbert KANKONDE NKASHAMA 5. Jean-Marc KABUND-A-KABUND 6. Joseph OLENGHANKOY MUKUNDJI 7. Martin FAYULU MADIDI 8. Delly SESANGA HIPUNGU 9. Didier MOLISHO SADI 10. Jean-Pierre LISANGA BONGANGA 11. Olivier KAMITATU ETSU Page 1 of 20 2. Front pour le Respect de la Constitution 1. Eve BAZAIBA MASUDI 2. Jacques LUNGUANA MATUMONA 3. Alexis LENGA WALENGA 3. Société Civile 1. Georges KAPIAMBA KAPIAMBA 2. Christopher NGOY MUTAMBA Description A version of this agreement was signed on 18 October 2018; however, this agreement includes more signatories.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Balance: External Troop Support and Rebel Fragmentation in the Second Congo War
    In the balance: External troop support and rebel fragmentation in the Second Congo War Henning Tamm School of International Relations University of St Andrews [email protected] Forthcoming in Journal of Strategic Studies AUTHOR ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT – NOT THE FINAL VERSION. PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR CIRCULATE WITHOUT THE AUTHOR’S PERMISSION. 24 November 2019 Abstract The two main rebel groups in the Second Congo War (1998–2003) evolved in remarkably different ways. While the MLC maintained organisational cohesion throughout the war, the RCD split into two rival groups within less than a year. The larger of these rivals then remained cohesive, whereas the smaller group experienced further fragmentation. This article draws on interviews with key protagonists to show that these cross-group differences resulted from different patterns of state sponsorship. Frag- mentation occurred when the intra-group distribution of power between a rebel leader and an internal rival hung in the balance because external troops supported both sides. Keywords External support; rebel groups; fragmentation; cohesion; Democratic Republic of Congo Introduction The Second Congo War, often called Africa’s deadliest conflict,1 featured two major rebel groups. The first group, the Rassemblement congolais pour la démocratie (RCD, Congolese Rally for Democracy), was created in August 1998 under Rwanda’s supervision and initially also received Ugandan support. The second group, the Mouvement de libération du Congo (MLC, Movement for the Liberation of Congo), emerged in November 1998 under Uganda’s sole supervision. By the time the inauguration of a transitional power-sharing government for- mally ended the conflict in July 2003, the RCD had split into six groups, whereas the MLC remained a cohesive organisation (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo
    COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 27 JANUARY 2009 UK BORDER AGENCY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 27 JANUARY 2009 Contents_______________________________________ PREFACE LATEST NEWS EVENTS IN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, FROM 15 DECEMBER 2008 TO 22 JANUARY 2009 Paragraphs Background information 1. GEOGRAPHY ..........................................................................................1.01 Map - DRC.....................................................................................1.05 Eastern DRC.................................................................................1.06 2. ECONOMY .............................................................................................2.01 Natural resources........................................................................2.09 3. HISTORY ...............................................................................................3.01 History to 1997.............................................................................3.01 The Laurent Kabila Regime 1997................................................3.02 The Joseph Kabila Regime 2001.................................................3.04 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ............................................................................4.01 5. CONSTITUTION ........................................................................................5.01 6. POLITICAL SYSTEM ..................................................................................6.01
    [Show full text]
  • Country Fact Sheet, Democratic Republic of the Congo
    Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///C:/Documents and Settings/brendelt/Desktop/temp rir/Country Fact... Français Home Contact Us Help Search canada.gc.ca Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets Home Country Fact Sheet DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO April 2007 Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Research Directorate of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. This document is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed or conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. For further information on current developments, please contact the Research Directorate. Table of Contents 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 2. POLITICAL BACKGROUND 3. POLITICAL PARTIES 4. ARMED GROUPS AND OTHER NON-STATE ACTORS 5. FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS ENDNOTES REFERENCES 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Official name Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Geography The Democratic Republic of the Congo is located in Central Africa. It borders the Central African Republic and Sudan to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and Tanzania to the east; Zambia and Angola to the south; and the Republic of the Congo to the northwest. The country has access to the 1 of 26 9/16/2013 4:16 PM Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///C:/Documents and Settings/brendelt/Desktop/temp rir/Country Fact... Atlantic Ocean through the mouth of the Congo River in the west. The total area of the DRC is 2,345,410 km².
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S
    Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy Kenneth Katzman Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs December 21, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL30588 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy Summary Stated U.S. policy is to ensure that Afghanistan will not again become a base for terrorist attacks against the United States. Following policy reviews in 2009, the Obama Administration asserted that it was pursuing a well-resourced and integrated military-civilian strategy intended to pave the way for a gradual transition to Afghan leadership from July 2011 until the end of 2014. To carry out U.S. policy, a total of 51,000 additional U.S. forces were authorized by the two 2009 reviews, which brought U.S. troop numbers to a high of about 99,000, with partner forces adding about 42,000. On June 22, 2011, President Obama announced that the policy had accomplished most major U.S. goals and that a drawdown of 33,000 U.S. troops would take place by September 2012. The first 10,000 of these are to be withdrawn by the end of 2011 and the remainder of that number by September 2012. The transition to Afghan leadership began, as planned, in July 2011 in the first set of areas, four cities and three full provinces; a second and larger tranche of areas to be transitioned was announced on November 27, 2011. The U.S. official view is that security gains achieved by the surge could be at risk from weak Afghan governance and insurgent safe haven in Pakistan, and that Afghanistan will still need direct security assistance after 2014.
    [Show full text]