Seabirds contaminant data: Compilation and portraying of Norwegian and Russian data on contaminant levels in the ecosystems of the Barents, and White Sea. Seabirds.

Report APN-414.4576

N-9296 Tromsø, Norway Tel. +47 77 75 03 00 Fax +47 77 75 03 01 Rapporttittel /Report title

Seabirds contaminant data: Compilation and portraying of Norwegian and Russian data on contaminant levels in the ecosystems of the Barents, Pechora and White Sea.

Forfatter(e) / Author(s) Akvaplan-niva rapport nr / report no: Vladimir Savinov, Akvaplan-niva, APN-414.4576 Tromsø, Norway Dato / Date: 135/05 2009

Antall sider / No. of pages 9 + CD

Distribusjon / Distribution Open

Oppdragsgiver / Client Oppdragsg. ref. / Client ref. NPI Geir Wing Gabrielsen

Sammendrag / Summary The report presents compilation of Norwegian and Russian data on contaminant levels in seabirds from the Barents and Pechora Seas

Emneord: Key words: Biota Biota Sjøfugl Seabirds Miljøgifter Environmental contaminants Barentshavet, Pechorasøen

Prosjektleder / Project manager Kvalitetskontroll / Quality control Vladimir Savinov Lars-Henrik Larsen

Vladimir Savinov Lars-Henrik Larsen

© 2010 Akvaplan-niva ISBN 00-00-00000-0

Akvaplan-niva AS. Rapport APN-414.4576

Table of Content

1 Background ...... 5 2 Goal of the project ...... 5 3 Results ...... 5 4 References ...... 8

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Akvaplan-niva AS. Rapport APN-414.4576 1 Background The level of contaminants in the Barents region marine environment (biota and sediment) has been documented during the last decades both by Russian and Norwegian scientists. Lately, new compounds has been observed and documented in frame of national and international monitoring programmes. However, the documentation of contaminants trends is fragmented and somewhat difficult to follow. There exist limited compilation and presentation of existing contaminant data.

2 Goal of the project The main goal of this project is to compile Russian and Norwegian contaminants data on seabirds in a database and aggregate and visualise these data. The project will serve data for the Joint Russian – Norwegian Environmental Status Report of the Barents Sea (JRNESR) (HAV-I) and aggregate and portray data for the Joint Norwegian – Russian Environmental Data Portal (JNREDP) (HAV-11), including the portals metadatabase.

3 Results Desk-study and compilation of literature data (Barrett et al., 1985; 1996; Borgå et al., 2001; 2005; 2007; Gabrielsen, 1995; Gabrielsen et al., 1995; 2005; Helgason et al., 2008; Henriksen et al., 1996; 1998; 2000; Knudsen et al., 2005; 2006; 2007; Mehlum, Daelemans, 1995; Savinov et al., 2003; 2005; 2007; Savinova et al., 1995; 1998; 2000; Verreault et al., 2004; 2007a,b; Wenzel, Gabrielsen, 1995) on contamination levels in seabirds (trace elements in muscle, and persistent organic pollutants in hepatic tissues and eggs) were conducted for 17 seabird species: Arctic tern, black guillemot, Brünnich’s guillemot, common guillemot, common eider, king eider, cormorant, fulmar, glaucous gull, great black-backed gull, herring gull, kittiwake, little auk, long-tailed duck, puffin, razorbill, gannet, and shug from different areas of the Barents and Norwegian Seas (Figure 1). Coordinates of sampling sites are presented in Table 1.

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Akvaplan-niva AS. Rapport APN-414.4576

Franz Josef Land

Svalbard

Bear Island

B A R E N T S S E A

Vaygach Island NORWEGIAN SEA Dolgyi Island NORWAY

Kolguyev Island Seven Islands

RUSSIA

Figure 1. Sites of seabird sampling in 1983-2002.

Table 1. Coordinates of seabird sampling sites Area Site Latitude Longitude N-Barents Sea Marginal zone95 77º02'N 34º04'E N-Barents Sea Marginal zone99 76º30'N 33º00'N Eastern Murman coast Podpakhta 69º09' N 35º56' E Finnmark Hjelmsøy 71º 05'N 24º45'E Franz Josef Land Archipelago Etheridge Island 80º05' N 52º23' E Franz Josef Land Archipelago Hooker Island 80º18' N 53º00' E Franz Josef Land Archipelago George Land Island 80º10' N 49º15' E Franz Josef Land Archipelago Kuhn Island 81º08' N 58º30' E Franz Josef Land Archipelago Mable Island 80º03' N 49º30' E Franz Josef Land Archipelago Northbrook Island 80º00' N 51º00' E Franz Josef Land Archipelago Scott-Kelty Island 80º20' N 52º30' E Franz Josef Land Archipelago Stolichky Island 81º12' N 58º16' E Lofoten Islands Røst 67º31.20'N 12º06'E Novaya Zemlya Archipelago Chernaya 70º40' N 54º46' E Pechora Sea Dolgiy Island 69º18' N 59º00' E Pechora Sea 69º06' N 50º06' E Pechora Sea 70º24' N 58º46' E S-E of the Norwegian Sea (Troms) Hillesøy 69º38' N 17º59' E S-E of the Norwegian Sea (Troms) Sommarøy 69º38' N 18º02' E S-E of the Norwegian Sea (Troms) Bleiksøy 69º16'N 15º52'E S-E of the Norwegian Sea (Troms) Hekkingen 69º35,43'N 17º50,5'E Seven Islands Archipelago Kharlov Island 68º49' N 37º20' E Seven Islands Archipelago Kuvshin Island 68º44' N 37º32' E

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Akvaplan-niva AS. Rapport APN-414.4576 Area Site Latitude Longitude Svalbard Archipelago Bjørnøya 74º22' N 19º05' E Svalbard Archipelago Ny-Ålesund 78º57' N 11º54' E Svalbard Archipelago Longyerbyen 78º13'N 15º37'60 Svalbard Archipelago Barentsburg 78º04N 14º13.6 Svalbard Archipelago Bjørnøya area 74º02'N 19º01'E Svalbard Archipelago Bjørnøya, Russehamna 74º23'N 19º10'E Svalbard Archipelago Kongsfjord 78º55'N 12º30'E Svalbard Archipelago 79º48.6'N 20º54'E Svalbard Archipelago Storfjorden 77º30'N 20º00'E S-W of the Barents Sea Ainov Island 69º50' N 31º34' E S-W of the Barents Sea Hornøya 70º22' N 31º10' E

Data files and maps of geographical distribution of contamination levels in seabirds were prepared for following contaminants/seabird species/tissues/:

Trace elements (cadmium, zinc, cooper, manganese, chromium, arsenic, selenium and mercury) in muscle tissue of arctic tern, black guillemot, Brünnich’s guillemot, common guillemot, common eider, king eider, fulmar, glaucous gull, great black-backed gull, herring gull, kittiwake, little auk, long-tailed duck, cormorant, puffin and razorbill (Appendix 1, CD).

Organochlorines (hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs): ΣHCH = sum of α-, β- and γ-HCH; dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): ΣDDT = sum of p,p’-DDE, o,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDD, o,p’- DDT and p,p’-DDT, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), chlordanes (CHL): ΣCHL = sum of oxychlordane, trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, trans-nonachlor and cis-nonachlor and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): ΣPCB= sum of PCB-28, 66, 74, 101, 99, 110, 149, 118, 153, 105, 141, 138, 187, 128, 156, 157, 180, 170, 194, 206 and 209) in liver of arctic tern, black guillemot, Brünnich’s guillemot, common guillemot, common eider, king eider, fulmar, glaucous gull, great black-backed gull, herring gull, kittiwake, little auk, long-tailed duck, cormorant, puffin and razorbill (Appendix 2, CD).

Persistent organic pollutants (hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs): ΣHCH= sum of α-, β- and γ- HCH; dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): ΣDDT = sum of p,p’-DDE, o,p’-DDD, p,p’- DDD, o,p’-DDT and p,p’-DDT, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), chlordanes (CHL): ΣCHL = sum of oxychlordane, trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, trans-nonachlor and cis-nonachlor and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): ΣPCB= sum of PCB-28, 66, 74, 101, 99, 110, 149, 118, 153, 105, 141, 138, 187, 128, 156, 157, 180, 170, 194, 206 and 209; polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): ΣPBDE = sum of BDE-28, 47, 100, 99, 154, 153, 183, 206, 207, 208 and 209; hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD): HBCD = sum of α-, β- and γ-HBCDD; perfluorinated surfactans (PFSs): Σ4PFS = sum of PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS and PFDcS and perfluorinated 7

Akvaplan-niva AS. Rapport APN-414.4576 carboxylic acids (PFCAs):Σ10PFCA = sum of ten PFCAs with chain-lenghts between six and fifteen carbons.) in eggs of Brünnich’s guillemot, common guillemot, common eider, glaucous gull, herring gull, kittiwake, cormorant, puffin, razorbill shag and gannet (Appendix 3, CD).

4 References

Barrett, R.T., Skaare, J.U., Norheim, G., Vader, W. & Frøslie, A. 1985. Persistent organochlorines and mercury in eggs of Norwegian seabirds 1983. Environ. Poll. (Ser. A), 39:79-93.

Barrett, R.T., J.U. Skaare & G.W. Gabrielsen. 1996. Recent changes in levels of persistent organochlorines and mercury in eggs of seabirds from the Barents Sea. Environ. Poll. 92: 13-18.

Borgå, K., G.W. Gabrielsen & J.U. Skaare. 2001. Biomagnification of organochlorines along a Barents Sea food chain. Environ. Poll. 113:187-198.

Borgå, K., Walkers, H., Skaare, J.U., Hop, H., Muir, D.C.G. & G.W. Gabrielsen. 2005. Bioaccumulation of PCBs in Arctic seabirds: influence of dietary exposure and congener biotransformation. Environ. Poll. 134: 397-409

Borgå, K., Hop, H, Skaare, J.U., Wolkers, H. & G.W. Gabrielsen. 2007. Selective bioaccumulation of chlorinated pesticides and metabolites in Arctic seabirds. Environ. Poll. 145:545-553

Gabrielsen, G.W., Skaare, J.U., Polder., A., Bakken, V. 1995. Chlorinated hydrocarbons in glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) in the southern part of Svalbard. Sci. Tot. Environ. 160/161:337-346.

Gabrielsen, G.W., L.B. Knudsen and M. Schlabach. 2005. Organic pollutants in northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) from Bjørnøya. Report to the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT), Oslo, Norway. Report number 922/2005, 36 pp.

Helgason, L.B., Barrett, R., Lie, E., Polder, A., Skaare, J.U. & G. W. Gabrielsen. 2008. Levels and temporal trends (1983-2003) of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury (Hg) in seabird eggs from Northern Norway. Environ. Poll. 155:190-198.

Henriksen, E.O., Gabrielsen, G.W. & J.U. Skaare. 1996. Levels and congener pattern of PCB in Kittiwakes, Rissa tridactyla, in relation to mobilization of body lipids associated with reproduction. Environ. Poll. 92: 27-37. 1996.

Henriksen, E. O., G. W. Gabrielsen, J. U. Skaare, N. Skjegstad, and B. M. Jenssen.1998 Relationships between PCB levels, hepatic EROD activity and plasma retinol in glaucous gulls, Larus hyperboreus. Mar. Environ. Res. 46: 45-49.

Henriksen, E.O., G.W. Gabrielsen, S. Trudeau, J. Wolkers, K. Sagerup & J.U. Skaare. 2000. Organochlorines and possible biochemical effects in glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) from Bjørnøya, the Barents Sea. Ach. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 38(2):234-243.

Knudsen, L.B., Gabrielsen, G.W., Verreault, J., Barrett, R., Polder, A., Skåre, J.U. & Lie, E. 2005. Temporal trends of brominated flame retardants, cyclododeca-1,5,9-triene and mercury in eggs of four seabird species from Northern Norway and Svalbard. SFT 942/2005. Final Report (2005). Norwegian Pollution Control Authority, Oslo, Norway

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Akvaplan-niva AS. Rapport APN-414.4576 Knudsen, L.B., Polder, A., Føreid, S., Lie, E., Gabrielsen, G.W., Barrett, R. & J.U. Skåre. 2006. Nona- and deca-brominated diphenylethers in seabird eggs from Northern Norway and Svalbard. SFT rapport 952/2006, 30pp.

Knudsen, L.B., Sagerup, K., Polder, A., Josefsen, T.D., Skåre, J.U. & G.W. Gabrielsen. 2007. Halogenated Organic Contaminants and mercury in dead or dying seabirds on Bjørnøya (Svalbard). Report no. 977/2007. Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT), Oslo, Norway, 45 pp.

Mehlum, F., Daelemans, F.F. 1995. PCBs in Arctic seabirds from the Svalbard region. Sci. Total Environ. 160-161: 441-446.

Savinov V.M., Gabrielsen G.W., Savinova T.N. 2003. Cadmium, zinc, cooper, arsenic, selenium and mercury in seabirds from the Barents Sea: levels, inter-specific and geographical differences. Sci. Total. Environ. 306:133-158.

Savinov V., Muir D., Savinova T., Gabrielsen G.W., Alexeeva L., Marasaev S., Zyryanov S.. 2005. Chlorinated hydrocarbons and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) from Barentsburg (West ). Organohalogen Compounds. 67: 981-985.

Savinov, V., Gabrielsen, G.W., Savinova, T., Alekseeva, L, Polder, A., Skaare, J.U., Koryakin, A. 2007. POPs in marine birds from the eastern Barents Sea (): comparative analysis of data set from 1992 and 2002. Organohalogen Compounds. 69:595-598.

Savinova, T.N., A. Polder, G.W.Gabrielsen, and J.U.Skaare. 1995. Chlorinated hydrocarbon in seabirds from the Barents Sea area. Sci. Total. Environ. 160/161: 497-505.

Savinova, T., Gabrielsen, G., Savinov, V. & J. Skaare. 1998. Persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons in tissues of the Barents Sea gulls. In: Biology and oceanography of the Kara and Barents Seas (along the North Sea Route), p. 377-406. Russian Academy of Sciences, Kola Scientific Center publish., Apatity. (In Russian).

Savinova, T.N., V.M. Savinov, G.V. Gabrielsen, A. Polder and J.U.Skaare. 2000. Polychlorinated biphenyls in birds from the Barents Sea: bioaccumulation levels, congener composition and estimation of potential toxicity, pp. 124-147. In: Polychlorinated biphenyls - supertoxicants of the 20th century. Information issues N5. Moscow. VINITI. 2000. 187 pp. (In Russian).

Verreault, J., Gabrielsen, G.W., Letcher, R.J., Muir, D.D.C. & S. Chu. 2004: New and established organohalogen contaminants and their metabolites in plasma and eggs of glaucous gulls from . Report to the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT), Oslo,

Verreault, J., Gebbink, W.A., Gauthier, L.T., Gabrielsen, G.W. & R. J. Letcher. 2007a. Brominated flame retardants in glaucous gulls from the Norwegian Arctic: More than just an issue of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41:4925-4931.

Verreault, J., Berger, U. & G.W. Gabrielsen. 2007b. Trends of Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Herring Gull Eggs from Two Coastal Colonies in Northern Norway: 1983 2003 Environ. Sci. Technol. 41: 6671-6677

Wenzel, C. & G.W. Gabrielsen. Trace element accumulation in three seabird species from Hornøya, Norway. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 29:198-206. 1995.

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