Bogusawa Dobek-Ostrowska
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Bogusawa Dobek-Ostrowska - 978-3-631-77951-4 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/24/2021 10:53:38AM via free access Bogusawa Dobek-Ostrowska - 978-3-631-77951-4 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/24/2021 10:53:38AM via free access Polish Media System in a Comparative Perspective Bogusawa Dobek-Ostrowska - 978-3-631-77951-4 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/24/2021 10:53:38AM via free access STUDIES IN COMMUNICATION AND POLITICS Edited by Bogusława Dobek-Ostrowska and Michał Głowacki VOL. 7 Notes on the quality assurance and peer review of this publication Prior to publication, the quality of the work published in this series is reviewed by an external referee appointed by the editorship. Bogusawa Dobek-Ostrowska - 978-3-631-77951-4 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/24/2021 10:53:38AM via free access Bogusława Dobek-Ostrowska Polish Media System in a Comparative Perspective Media in Politics, Politics in Media Translated by Karolina Jamróg Bogusawa Dobek-Ostrowska - 978-3-631-77951-4 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/24/2021 10:53:38AM via free access Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Title of the first edition: Polski system medialny na rozdrożu. Media w polityce, polityka w mediach. Wrocław 2011. The changed edition English language editing by Stephen Marlborough Referees: Robert Entman and Paolo Mancini The Publication is funded by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland as a part of the National Programme for the Development of the Humanities. Project number: 0118/NPRH5/H21/84/2017 This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Ministry cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. ISSN 2197-1625 • ISBN 978-3-631-77568-4 (Print) E-ISBN 978-3-631-77950-7 (E-PDF) • E-ISBN 978-3-631-77951-4 (EPUB) E-ISBN 978-3-631-77952-1 (MOBI) • DOI 10.3726/b15173 Open Access: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 unported license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ © Bogusława Dobek-Ostrowska, 2019 Peter Lang – Berlin · Bern · Bruxelles · New York · Oxford · Warszawa · Wien This publication has been peer reviewed. www.peterlang.com Bogusawa Dobek-Ostrowska - 978-3-631-77951-4 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/24/2021 10:53:38AM via free access To Dariusz Bogusawa Dobek-Ostrowska - 978-3-631-77951-4 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/24/2021 10:53:38AM via free access Bogusawa Dobek-Ostrowska - 978-3-631-77951-4 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/24/2021 10:53:38AM via free access Contents Abbreviation ............................................................................................11 Introduction .............................................................................................13 ........................... 27 1 Polish journalists and their professional culture 1.1 Journalistic professionalism and journalistic culture – some conceptual remarks ..................................................................................... 29 1.2 Characteristics and structure of Polish journalists ................................. 32 1.2.1 Development of journalistic education after 1989 and access to the profession .................................................................................. 33 1.2.2 The professional profile of Polish journalists ................................... 36 1.3 Journalistic autonomy ................................................................................ 48 1.4 Norms and professional ethics .................................................................. 52 1.4.1 Codes of journalistic ethics and normative regulations ................. 52 1.4.2 Ethical norms in journalistic practice ............................................... 56 1.5 Journalism as a public service ................................................................... 60 1.6 Instrumentalization and institutional roles of media ............................ 62 1.7 Media accountability system ..................................................................... 67 Summary: De-professionalization of journalism also in Poland ................. 71 ....................................... 75 2 Mass media in the logic of political actors 2.1 Party logic versus media logic ................................................................... 77 2.2 The concept and the indicators of political parallelism ......................... 80 2.2.1 The dimensions of political partisanship ......................................... 82 2.2.2 The degree of media politicization by political actors .................... 95 2.2.3 The level of integration of media personnel and political elites ........................................................................................ 98 Bogusawa Dobek-Ostrowska - 978-3-631-77951-4 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/24/2021 10:53:38AM via free access 8 Contents 2.2.4 The models of relationships between political actors and the media ............................................................................................ 100 2.3 The mutually dependent party and media system in Poland .............. 106 2.3.1 Democratization of the political system and political parallelism .......................................................................................... 106 2.3.2 The party system and its impact on the media .............................. 113 2.3.3 The consequences of intervention by political actors in the media system ...................................................................................... 118 2.4 Logic of Polish parties in their relationship with the media ............... 126 2.4.1 Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość - PiS) ............................ 127 2.4.2 Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska – PO) ............................. 135 2.4.3 The Democratic Left Alliance (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej–SLD) ..................................................................... 137 2.4.4 The Polish People’s Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe -PSL) ..................................................................................... 139 Summary: Does media logic dominate over political parallelism? ........... 140 .............................. 143 3 Mediatization and politics coverage in media 3.1 Mediatization and its consequences for news media coverage ........... 143 3.1.1 The concept and dimensions of mediatization of politics ............ 143 3.1.2 The indicators of mediatization of politics ..................................... 147 3.1.3 Types of news media coverage ......................................................... 152 3.1.4 Forms and practices of media bias .................................................. 158 3.2 News media coverage in the Polish mainstream media ....................... 160 3.2.1 Polish daily newspapers: deep entrenched coverage vs. the tabloid vision of politics .................................................................... 161 3.2.2 External pluralism of opinion weeklies .......................................... 171 3.2.3 The systemic parallelism of public broadcasters ........................... 185 3.2.4 Negativism of private broadcast media .......................................... 191 Summary: Political parallelism - political and structural bias go together .............................................................................................................. 201 Bogusawa Dobek-Ostrowska - 978-3-631-77951-4 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/24/2021 10:53:38AM via free access Contents 9 Conclusion: The Polish media system on the map of Europe ..... 207 The media landscape in CEE .......................................................................... 207 The Polish media system in a state of permanent change ........................... 209 Relations between political actors and journalists in the era of social media .................................................................................................................. 214 Annexes ............................................................................................................... 217 List of Figures ................................................................................................... 229 List of Tables ...................................................................................................... 231 List of Pictures .................................................................................................. 233 Bibliography ...................................................................................................... 235 Index ..................................................................................................................... 269 Bogusawa Dobek-Ostrowska - 978-3-631-77951-4 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/24/2021 10:53:38AM via free access Bogusawa Dobek-Ostrowska - 978-3-631-77951-4 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/24/2021 10:53:38AM via free access Abbreviation AWS Akcja Wyborcza Solidarność [the Solidarity Electoral Action] K Kukiz`15 [Kukiz`15] KRRiT Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji [the National Broadcasting Council] LPR Liga Polskich Rodzin [the League of Polish