Yunas Khan* Ashfaq Ali**
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Group Identity and Civil-Military Relations in India and Pakistan By
Group identity and civil-military relations in India and Pakistan by Brent Scott Williams B.S., United States Military Academy, 2003 M.A., Kansas State University, 2010 M.M.A., Command and General Staff College, 2015 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Security Studies College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2019 Abstract This dissertation asks why a military gives up power or never takes power when conditions favor a coup d’état in the cases of Pakistan and India. In most cases, civil-military relations literature focuses on civilian control in a democracy or the breakdown of that control. The focus of this research is the opposite: either the returning of civilian control or maintaining civilian control. Moreover, the approach taken in this dissertation is different because it assumes group identity, and the military’s inherent connection to society, determines the civil-military relationship. This dissertation provides a qualitative examination of two states, Pakistan and India, which have significant similarities, and attempts to discern if a group theory of civil-military relations helps to explain the actions of the militaries in both states. Both Pakistan and India inherited their military from the former British Raj. The British divided the British-Indian military into two militaries when Pakistan and India gained Independence. These events provide a solid foundation for a comparative study because both Pakistan’s and India’s militaries came from the same source. Second, the domestic events faced by both states are similar and range from famines to significant defeats in wars, ongoing insurgencies, and various other events. -
Pakistani Politics 1243 Pakistani Politics the Lesson of Gramdan 1244 ERSONALITIES Count in the Politics of Every Country
(Established January 1949) September 28, 1957 Volume IX—No, 39 Price 50 Naye Paise EDITORIALS Pakistani Politics 1243 Pakistani Politics The Lesson of Gramdan 1244 ERSONALITIES count in the politics of every country. But in WEEKLY NOTES P Pakistan, politics seem to centre mainly around personalities. Thin Kandla Nearing Capacity- explains the frequent changes in party tactics and the policies of parties. Reassessment Necessary In such circumstances, as is only to be expected, political stability eludes —Pibul Goes — Welcome the country. It is tempting to draw a parallel between Pakistan and Rapprochement — P r o- Prance. There are some similarities in the underlying conditions in blem of Housing—Scarcity Pakistan and Indonesia. But there are limits beyond which such com of Material — U P's Tax parisons are misleading. Even as President Soekarno experiments with on Large Holdings Bank "guided democracy", President Iskander Mirza talks about "controlled Rate Change and India- democracy". But the Indonesian President's policy is based on an ideal Production of Radio Re whereas the Pakistani President's interference with the affairs of the ceivers 1247 State is solely justified on considerations of that country's integrity. LETTER TO THE EDITOR That also is the main, if not the only, binding force among parties and Chair-borne Critics 1250 politicians in Pakistan. A CALCUTTA DIARY Yet, experience and developing events make it increasingly evident Not by the Police Alone 1251 that Pakistan's march to progress cannot be ensured on such negative foundations as the country's integrity, annexation of Kashmir and the FROM THE LONDON END ever-present problem of maintaining a precarious balance between the Seven Per Cent and the country's two wings. -
Who Is Who in Pakistan & Who Is Who in the World Study Material
1 Who is Who in Pakistan Lists of Government Officials (former & current) Governor Generals of Pakistan: Sr. # Name Assumed Office Left Office 1 Muhammad Ali Jinnah 15 August 1947 11 September 1948 (died in office) 2 Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin September 1948 October 1951 3 Sir Ghulam Muhammad October 1951 August 1955 4 Iskander Mirza August 1955 (Acting) March 1956 October 1955 (full-time) First Cabinet of Pakistan: Pakistan came into being on August 14, 1947. Its first Governor General was Muhammad Ali Jinnah and First Prime Minister was Liaqat Ali Khan. Following is the list of the first cabinet of Pakistan. Sr. Name of Minister Ministry 1. Liaqat Ali Khan Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, Defence Minister, Minister for Commonwealth relations 2. Malik Ghulam Muhammad Finance Minister 3. Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar Minister of trade , Industries & Construction 4. *Raja Ghuzanfar Ali Minister for Food, Agriculture, and Health 5. Sardar Abdul Rab Nishtar Transport, Communication Minister 6. Fazal-ul-Rehman Minister Interior, Education, and Information 7. Jogendra Nath Mandal Minister for Law & Labour *Raja Ghuzanfar’s portfolio was changed to Minister of Evacuee and Refugee Rehabilitation and the ministry for food and agriculture was given to Abdul Satar Pirzada • The first Chief Minister of Punjab was Nawab Iftikhar. • The first Chief Minister of NWFP was Abdul Qayum Khan. • The First Chief Minister of Sindh was Muhamad Ayub Khuro. • The First Chief Minister of Balochistan was Ataullah Mengal (1 May 1972), Balochistan acquired the status of the province in 1970. List of Former Prime Ministers of Pakistan 1. Liaquat Ali Khan (1896 – 1951) In Office: 14 August 1947 – 16 October 1951 2. -
Students, Space, and the State in East Pakistan/Bangladesh 1952-1990
1 BEYOND LIBERATION: STUDENTS, SPACE, AND THE STATE IN EAST PAKISTAN/BANGLADESH 1952-1990 A dissertation presented by Samantha M. R. Christiansen to The Department of History In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of History Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts September, 2012 2 BEYOND LIBERATION: STUDENTS, SPACE, AND THE STATE IN EAST PAKISTAN/BANGLADESH 1952-1990 by Samantha M. R. Christiansen ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate School of Northeastern University September, 2012 3 ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the history of East Pakistan/Bangladesh’s student movements in the postcolonial period. The principal argument is that the major student mobilizations of Dhaka University are evidence of an active student engagement with shared symbols and rituals across time and that the campus space itself has served as the linchpin of this movement culture. The category of “student” developed into a distinct political class that was deeply tied to a concept of local place in the campus; however, the idea of “student” as a collective identity also provided a means of ideological engagement with a globally imagined community of “students.” Thus, this manuscript examines the case study of student mobilizations at Dhaka University in various geographic scales, demonstrating the levels of local, national and global as complementary and interdependent components of social movement culture. The project contributes to understandings of Pakistan and Bangladesh’s political and social history in the united and divided period, as well as provides a platform for analyzing the historical relationship between social movements and geography that is informative to a wide range of disciplines. -
3 Who Is Who and What Is What
3 e who is who and what is what Ever Success - General Knowledge 4 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Ever Success Revised and Updated GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Who is who? What is what? CSS, PCS, PMS, FPSC, ISSB Police, Banks, Wapda, Entry Tests and for all Competitive Exames and Interviews World Pakistan Science English Computer Geography Islamic Studies Subjectives + Objectives etc. Abbreviations Current Affair Sports + Games Ever Success - General Knowledge 5 Saad Book Bank, Lahore © ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this book may be reproduced In any form, by photostate, electronic or mechanical, or any other means without the written permission of author and publisher. Composed By Muhammad Tahsin Ever Success - General Knowledge 6 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Dedicated To ME Ever Success - General Knowledge 7 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Ever Success - General Knowledge 8 Saad Book Bank, Lahore P R E F A C E I offer my services for designing this strategy of success. The material is evidence of my claim, which I had collected from various resources. I have written this book with an aim in my mind. I am sure this book will prove to be an invaluable asset for learners. I have tried my best to include all those topics which are important for all competitive exams and interviews. No book can be claimed as prefect except Holy Quran. So if you found any shortcoming or mistake, you should inform me, according to your suggestions, improvements will be made in next edition. The author would like to thank all readers and who gave me their valuable suggestions for the completion of this book. -
District Handbook Murshidabad
CENSUS 1951 W.EST BENGAL DISTRICT HANDBOOKS MURSHIDABAD A. MITRA of the Indian Civil Service, Superintendent ot Census OPerations and Joint Development Commissioner, West Bengal ~ted by S. N. Guha Ray, at Sree Saraswaty Press Ltd., 32, Upper Circular Road, Calcutta-9 1953 Price-Indian, Rs. 30; English, £2 6s. 6<1. THE CENSUS PUBLICATIONS The Census Publications for West Bengal, Sikkim and tribes by Sudhansu Kumar Ray, an article by and Chandernagore will consist of the following Professor Kshitishprasad Chattopadhyay, an article volumes. All volumes will be of uniform size, demy on Dbarmapuja by Sri Asutosh Bhattacharyya. quarto 8i" x II!,' :- Appendices of Selections from old authorities like Sherring, Dalton,' Risley, Gait and O'Malley. An Part lA-General Report by A. Mitra, containing the Introduction. 410 pages and eighteen plates. first five chapters of the Report in addition to a Preface, an Introduction, and a bibliography. An Account of Land Management in West Bengal, 609 pages. 1872-1952, by A. Mitra, contajning extracts, ac counts and statistics over the SO-year period and Part IB-Vital Statistics, West Bengal, 1941-50 by agricultural statistics compiled at the Census of A. Mitra and P. G. Choudhury, containing a Pre 1951, with an Introduction. About 250 pages. face, 60 tables, and several appendices. 75 pages. Fairs and Festivals in West Bengal by A. Mitra, con Part IC-Gener.al Report by A. Mitra, containing the taining an account of fairs and festivals classified SubSidiary tables of 1951 and the sixth chapter of by villages, unions, thanas and districts. With a the Report and a note on a Fertility Inquiry con foreword and extracts from the laws on the regula ducted in 1950. -
Management of Pakistan-India Relations: Resolution of Disputes
Management of Pakistan-India Relations: Resolution of Disputes 1 Noor ul Haq 2 Management of Pakistan-India Relations: Resolution of Disputes 3 Noor ul Haq 4 Management of Pakistan-India Relations: Resolution of Disputes 5 Noor ul Haq Contents Acronyms Preface i I. Tyranny of Power Disparity 1 Mindset 3 Hindutva Akhand Bharat and Expansionism Animosity Coercive Diplomacy 8 Encirclement and Undermining Pakistan: India’s Relations with Other Countries 13 SAARC Afghanistan Iran Central Asia China U.S. Russia Trust Deficit 27 Summary 28 II. Dimensions of Kashmir Dispute 29 Indian Occupation Lacks Legitimacy 30 Kashmir’s Standstill Agreement with Pakistan Violation of the Agreed Principle of Partition Massacres of Muslims in Jammu Peoples’ Revolt and Establishment of Azad Kashmir Government Maharaja’s Desertion Peoples Revolt in Gilgit Agency Indian Aggression and Illegal Occupation of Two-third Kashmir Instrument of Accession Null and Void Conditional Accession Needs Ratification 6 Management of Pakistan-India Relations: Resolution of Disputes Arguments to Justify Occupation 33 Strategic Reasons Maharaja’s Accession People’s Decision Misrepresentation as ‘Terrorism’ Kashmir an Internal Issue Territorial Issue Re-drawing of Borders Secularism Domino Effect ‘Iron Curtain’ on Kashmir Indispensability for Pakistan 37 Indian Occupation is a Threat to Pakistan’s Security Human Rights Violations in Kashmir Pakistan’s Commitment to Kashmiris Pakistan is a Party to the Dispute Kashmir is Not India’s Internal Affair Failure of Bilateralism to Resolve Kashmir Simla Agreement Cannot Overrule UNSC Resolutions Simla Agreement Cannot Deny Kashmir the Right of Self-Determination guaranteed to them under UNSC Resolutions Modi’s Government for Demographic Change and Union with India Increased Border Violations Unintentional War and Nuclear Flashpoint Summary 42 III. -
Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction Du Branch Patrimoine De I'edition
From Mohallah to Mainstream: The MQM's Transformation from an Ethnic to a Catch-All Party By Noman Baig B.A., University of Central Oklahoma, 2005 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Department of Political Science © Noman Baig, 2008 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-40458-4 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-40458-4 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. -
Government of India Ministry of Culture Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No
1 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CULTURE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 97 TO BE ANSWERED ON 25.4.2016 VAISAKHA 5, 1938 (SAKA) NATIONAL HERITAGE STATUS 97. SHRI B.V.NAIK; SHRI ARJUN LAL MEENA; SHRI P. KUMAR: Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state: (a) whether the Government has finalized its proposal for sending its entry for world heritage status long with the criteria to select entry for world heritage site status; (b) if so, the details thereof along with the names of temples, churches, mosques and monuments 2Iected and declared as national heritage in various States of the country, State-wise; (c) whether the Government has ignored Delhi as its official entry to UNESCO and if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor; (d) whether, some sites selected for UNESCO entry are under repair and renovation; (e) if so, the details thereof and the funds sanctioned by the Government in this regard so far, ate-wise; and (f) the action plan of the Government to attract more tourists to these sites. ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE, CULTURE AND TOURISM (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) AND MINISTER OF STATE, CIVIL AVIATION (DR. MAHESH SHARMA) (a) Yes madam. Government has finalized and submitted the proposal for “Historic City of Ahmedabad” as the entry in the cultural category of the World Heritage List for calendar year 2016-17. The proposal was submitted under cultural category under criteria II, V and VI (list of criteria in Annexure I) (b) For the proposal submitted related to Historic City of Ahmedabad submitted this year, list of nationally important monuments and those listed by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation are given in Annexure II. -
Pir Ali Muhammad Rashdi a Well Known Scholar and Politician of Sindh
International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, May-2017 ISSN (2226-8235) Vol-6, Issue 5 Pir Ali Muhammad Rashdi A Well Known Scholar and Politician of Sindh Author’s Details: (1)Nasrullah Kabooro-Assistant Professor, Department of Muslim History, University of Sindh, Jamshoro. (2)Mrs. Fehmida Memon. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Sindh , Jamshoro. (3)Bisharat Ali Lanjwani-Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Sindh , Jamshoro. ABSTRACT: Pir Ali Muhammad Rashdi is one of the Sindhis celebrated politician. He played a vital role in the movement of separation of Sindh from Bombay. He was a renowned worker of freedom movement of Pakistan. He belonged to the feudal family of Sindh. Pir Sahab achievement was not restricted only to the field of politics, nevertheless, he proved himself a great literary personality. This article sheds light on the political and literary achievements along with his services in the field of journalism. His literary works which were greatly appreciated is also given in this article. Pir Ali Muhammad Rashdi (1905–1987) was a Pakistani politician, scholar, bureaucrat, journalist and well-known writer. He was from Rashdi Syed, those are calculated in Lakyari Syed's branch. He was the elder brother of scholar Pir Hassam-ud-Din Rashdi. His father Pir Muhammad Hamid Shah lived at Bahman village, Ratodero Taluka, Larkana District, Sindh. Pir Shahab got his early education from Molvi Muhammad Soomar and Molvi Muhammad Sidiq. He taught himself Persian, Urdu, and English. He also studied English with Marmaduke Pickthall Pir Ali Muhammad Rashdi and Moulai Shedai were of the same age. -
FREEMASONRY in INDIA Introduction
Extract from World of Freemasonry (2 vols) Bob Nairn FREEMASONRY IN INDIA Introduction Culturally India must be amongst the most pluralist societies in the world with multiple religions, a deeply- defined traditional caste system, a proliferation of different States and languages and vast differences between rich and poor. It is justly proud of its history and heritage. It is the home of the world‘s oldest- surviving religions with the largest following and it is a puzzle, at first glance, how Freemasonry could succeed in this environment. To resolve this puzzle it is necessary to look at India‘s history and some of its social and cultural characteristics. Early History – The Vedic Peoples While human life is traced back more than 75,000 years in India, the Vedic Period (1,500-500 BC) is the earliest significant period because it was during these times that the ‗Vedas‘ were being composed. They are a large body of texts written in Vedic Sanskrit, which constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, which is probably the oldest mass religion now surviving (Judaism is said to date from the rule of Saul and David in about 920 BC). Hinduism‘s ‗alter ego‘ - Buddhism - was also born in India in the 6th or 5th century BC. The Maurya Empire1 The Vedic peoples were conquered by the Maurya Empire during the 4th and 3rd centuries BC and this is known as the classical period of Indian history, during which India has been estimated to have had the largest economy of the ancient and medieval world, controlling between one third and one fourth of the world's wealth. -
Democracy and Governance in Pakistan by Tahir Kamran
Democracy and Governance in Pakistan Tahir Kamran Reproduced by Sani H. Panhwar Dem ocracy and Governance in Pakistan TahirKam ran Contents 1. Introduction .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2. The Era of Praetorianism .. .. .. .. .. .. 24 (1958-71) 3. The Era of Populism; .. .. .. .. .. .. 49 Zulfi Bhutto (1971-1977) 4. Third Man on Horseback; .. .. .. .. .. .. 62 Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (1977-1988) 5. The Rule of Troika in the Name of Democracy .. .. .. 82 (1988-1999) 6. Bonapartism Revisited .. .. .. .. .. .. 107 Musharraf Ruling the Roost (1999-2007) Selected Bibliography .. .. .. .. .. .. 134 Preface There is no gainsaying the fact that democracy is both a challenge and an opportunity for Pakistan. It sounds even more relevant if we finger through this book written with so much richness of insight by Professor Dr. Tahir Kamran deserves high appreciation of his matchless effort in producing such a subtle book of history in so much concise manner. It is indeed an invaluable contribution to Pakistan generally and the civil society and the student of history particularly. It can also be useful for those who are directly responsible for turning Pakistan into a fireball of hatred, deprivation and anguish. Coming to the question why democracy is a challenge and an opportunity for Pakistan. SAP-PK thinks that democracy is a challenge for Pakistan because there are multi- ethnic, multi-religious and multi-cultural groups juxtaposed with their own unique history, needs, problems and aspirations. It is a challenge because there are several conflicts arising out of the same uniqueness which the “politics of elimination” of the military and civil establishment deliberately created to wield more and more powers.