14648 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 14, 1974 sER, Ms. ABzuG, Mr. BROWN of Cali· Mr.ROYBAL: Mr. HOSMER, Mr. CRONIN, Mr. WON fornia, Mr. RANGEL, and Mr. COR• H.R. 14785. A bill to provide a. comprehen­ PAT, Mr. DE LUGO, Mr. BAUMAN, Mrs. MAN): sive, coordinated approach to the problems MINK and Mr. OWENS) : H.R. 14779. A bill amending the U.S. Hous­ of juvenile delinquency, and for other pur­ H.R. 14792. A bill to amend the Wild and ing Act of 1987; to the Committee on Bank­ poses; to the Committee on Education and Scenic Rivers Act (82 Stat. 906), and for ing and Currency. Labor. other purposes; to the Committee on Interior By Mr. MORGAN (by request): By Mr. SANDMAN: and Insular Affairs. H.R. 14780. A bill to authorize appropria­ H.R. 14786. A bill to amend the Mineral By Mr. TIERNAN (for himself and Mr. tions for fiscal year 1975 for carrying out the Lands Leasing Act to provide for a more effi­ REUSS): provisions of the Board for International cient and equitable method for the explora­ H.R. 14798. A bill to establish an independ­ Broadcasting Act of 1978; to the Committee tion for and development of oil shale ent commission to administer the internal on Foreign Affairs. resources on Federal lands, and for other pur­ revenue laws; to the Committee on Ways By Mr. NEDZI: poses; to the Committee on Interior and In­ and Means. H.R. 14781. A bill to authorize the Secre­ sular Affairs. By Mr. YOUNG of South Carolina: tary of Agriculture to make grants to cities By Mr. SIKES: H.R. 14794. A bill to amend section 87 of to encourage the increased planting of trees H.R. 14787. A bill to require passport ap­ the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to make and shrubs and to encourage other urban plicants to swear to an oath of allegiance the tax treatment of retirement income com­ forestry programs; to the Committee on to the United States as a condition precedent parable to that of social security income; to Agriculture. to being issued a passport; to the Committee the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. PATMAN (for himself, Mrs. 0'1. Foreign Affairs. By Mr. BROOMFIELD (for himself, Mr. BOGGS, Mr. BRASCO, Mrs. BURKE of By Mr. STEPHENS (for himself, Mr. BUCHANAN, Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN, Mr. California., Mrs. COLLINS of Illinois, LANDRUM, Mr. W,'\GGONNER, Mr. GILMAN, Mr. RoSENTHAL, Mr, MA­ Mr. CORMAN, Mr. CRONIN, Mr. DuL­ SCHNEEBELI, Mr. DUNCAN, Mr. THIAS of California, Mr. TAYLOR of SKI, Mr. DUNCAN, Mr. EILBERG, Mr. ARCHER, Mr. FULTON, Mr. CONABLE, North Carolina, Mr. WINN, and Mr. FROEHLICH, Mr. GILMAN, Mrs. GRASSO, Mr. J. WILLIAM STANTON, and Mr. ZABLOCKI): Mr. HARRINGTON, Mr. HECHLER of BURLESON of Texas) : H.J. Res. 1011. Joint resolution designating West Virginia., Mr. HELSTOSKI, Mr. H.R. 14788. A bill to amend the Internal the premises occupied by the Chief of Naval JoNEs of North Carolina, Mr. Mc­ Revenue Code of 1954 with respect to the in­ Operations as the official residence of the Vice SPADDEN, Mr. MELCHER, Mr. MITCHELL come tax treatment of small business invest­ President, effective upon the termination of of Maryland, Mr. MOAKLEY, Mr. MOL• ment companies and shareholders in such service of the incumbent Chief of Naval LOHAN, Mr. MURPHY of Illinois, Mr. companies; to the Committee on Ways and Operations; to the Committee on Armed MURPHY of New York, and Mr. Means. Services. NICHOLS): By Mr. WINN: H.R. 14782. A bill to a.mend title 88 of the By Mr. STOKES: H. Res. 1099, Resolution to amend the United States Code so as to entitle veterans H.R. 14789. A bill to require every retail House Rules to require that the report of of the Mexican border period and of World dealer engaging in interstate commerce to each House committee on each public bill or War I and their widows and children to pen­ assemble fully any bicycle sold by such joint resolution reported by the committee sion on the same basis as veterans of the deale:; to the Committee on Interstate and shall contain a statement as to the inflation­ Spanish-American war and their widows and Foreign Commerce. ary impact on the national economy of the children, respectively, and to increase pen­ By Mr. TALCOTT: enactment of such legislation; to the Com­ sion rates; to the Committee on Veterans' H.R. 14790. A bill to amend the Internal mittee on Rules. Affairs. Revenue Code of 1954 and certain other pro­ By Mr. PATMAN (for himself, Mr. visions of law to provide for automatic cost­ of-Uving adjustments in the income tax PEPPER, Mr. PODELL, Mr. PREYER, Mr. MEMORIALS RARICK, Mr. RIEGLE, Mr. ROE, Mr. rates, the amount of the standard, personal ROYBAL, Mr. SEIBERLING, Mr. SHOUP, exemption, and depreciation deductions, and Under clause 4 of rule XXII, Mr. SIKES, Mr. SMITH of Iowa, Mr. the rate of interest payable on certain obli­ gations of the United States; to the Commit­ 479. The SPEAKER presented a memorial STAGGERS, Mrs. SULLIVAN, Mr. SYM• of the Legislature of the State of California., INGTON, Mr. THONE, Mr. ULLMAN, Mr. tee on Ways and Means. By Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina relative to the issuance of a postage stamp WALSH, Mr. WAMPLER, Mr. CHARI.ES commemorating the centennial of the Amer­ WILSON of Texas, Mr. WOLFF, Mr. (for himself, Mr. SKUBITz, Mr. HALEY, Mr. HOSMER, Mr. JOHNSON of ican Gynecological Society; to the Committee YATRON, and Mr. YOUNG of Florida): on Post Office and Civil Service. H.R. 14788. A bill to amend title 88 of the California, Mr. RUPPE, Mr. O'HARA, United States Code so as to entitle veterans Mr. KASTENMEIER, Mr. RONCALIO of of the Mexican border period and of World Wyoming, Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN, Mr. War I and their widows and children to pen­ MEEDS, Mr. SEBELIUS, Mr. STEPHENS, PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS sion on the same basis as veterans of the Mr. REGULA, Mr. SEIBERLING, Mr. Spanish-American war and their widows STEELMAN, Mr. BLATNIK, Mr. QUIL• Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private and children, respectively, and to increase LEN, Mr. JONES of Alabama, Mr. bills and resolutions were introduced and pension rates; to the Committee on Veterans' JOHNSON of Colorado, Mr. BEVILL, severally referred as fallows: Mr. CEDERBERG, Mr. FLOWERS, Mr. Affairs. By Mr. ROBERT W. DANIEL, JR.: By Mr. PRICE of Texas: BUCHANAN, and Mr. THOMSON of Wisconsin): H.R. 14795. A bill for the relief of the em­ H.R. 14784. A bill to adjust target prices ployees of the Southeastern Tidewater Op­ established under the Agriculture and Con­ H.R. 14791. A bill to amend the Wild and portunity project; to the Committee on the sumer Protection Act of 1978, as amended for Scenic Rivers Act (82 Stat. 906), and for Judiciary. the 1974 through 1977 crops of wheat and other purposes; to the Committee on In­ By Mr. WINN: feed grains and cotton to reflect changes in terior and Insular Affairs. H.R. 14796. A blll for the relief of NEES 1'arm production costs; to the Committee on By Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. (for corporation; to the Committee on the Agriculture. himself, Mr. SKUBITz, Mr. HALEY, Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

DON McBRIDE RECEIVES DISTIN­ tional water resources development service in their chosen field, and I am GUISHED SERVICE AWARD program. proud to claim him as a former resident Don McBride has been a director of of Carnegie as my constituent. the Tennessee Valley Authority since Maj. Gen. John W. Morris, Director of HON. TOM STEED 1966. Earlier, as a longtime expert ad­ Civil Works, Office of the Chief of the OF OKLAHOMA viser to Senator Robert S. Kerr, he did as Army Corps of Engineers, presented the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES much as any man for the development award at the convention of Oklahoma of the Arkansas valley navigation system Water, Inc. A decade ago General Morris Tuesday, May 14, 1974 and of the vital water resources of Okla­ served with distinction as the district Ml'. STEED. Mr. Speaker, I am happy homa in general. engineer at Tulsa. to note that one of the most outstanding His counsel has been· of invaluable Following is a b11ef excerpt from his Oklahomans in public service, Don Mc­ help to our congressional delegation in remarks: Bride, has been honored by the Depart­ the many problems that arise in connec­ REMARKS BY MAJ. GEN. JOHN W. MORRIS ment of the Almy with its Distinguished tion with water development. In recognition of his dedica.tlon to water Service Award. The citation came, be­ I have known few people who have resource development, his profotmd knowl· cause of his work in support of our na- performed such consistently devoted edge and his astute ability as an administra- 1 May 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14649 tor, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed ..from organizations in Oklahoma and, in Phillip Burton of California would have lost him a director of the Tennessee Valley Au­ 1962, was named to the Engtneering Hall of cherished subcommittee chairmanships and '"thortty, where he continues to give mus­ Fame, Oklahoma State University, "for in­ for that selfish reason qpposed the plan. It tnious service to the Nation. tegrity, leadership, and _meritorious service to was an unseemly petformance. In recognition of this lifetime of dedica­ the _profession of ~ineering." In theory, refru:m is not dead. T.he study tion, the 'Secretary of the Army, has author­ .Mr. McBride is a member of the .Bap.J.st c.ommittee to w.hich the _plan has been re­ .ized the lpl'esentation of the --distinguished Church. He is marriled to the fol'.lller Mary .terred could _res.ubnait ..it w.!th only minor civilian se-~ice award, and I will rea'd 'tlle Lou Patterson .of Tellico PJ.ains, Tennessee. changes .at the Democratic .caucus in July. ·citation: "'Flor Noteworthy A-sststanc~ i:o the They _have three children. In oomi:ng weeks, the liberals who joined Department -of the Anmy ,,clur.mg .the pelliod wibh .their ,party's JJld-timers _in unorthodox 1939 thr.ough l973. Dm:ing this 1>eniolll, w.hile alliance have an qpp.ortun.tty to prove that serving in such positions as Chie'f "Engineer LIBERALS ASTRAY they can come up with constructive alterna­ and Chairman of the Oklahoma Water Re­ tives rather than .t.he -Self-interested nega­ sources Board, as Secretary-Manager of the tiv.ism they have evinced thus .IaT. National Reclamation Association, as water HON. DAVID W.. DENNIS Tesources adviser to the Senate select Com­ OF INDIANA mittee on National Water Resources, and as !CHORD QUESTIONNAIRE 'RESULTS a Director o.f the Tenuessee Valley Authomty, IN THE HC>1JSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ~- McBnide enthusiastically and -ener_ge'ti­ Tuesday, May 14, 1974 ca1ly supported water resources development HON. ICHA D H. ICHORD Mr. DENNIS. Mr. Speaker., that great l)Tograms. His 1nv-a1uable aSSistantre -and OF MISSOURI support, which .reflect his deep-seated -se:nse liberal newspaper, the New York Times, of public responsibility, nouiiributErd !Ei-gni'fi.­ .llas editorially taken te task our "liwail" .IN T.HE HOUSE OF REPRESEN'J:ATIVES cantly to the ability of the Department of oolleagues .in the Rouse ·w.ho ha¥e re­ Tues-day, May 14, 1(f}74 the Army to accomplisb its water resource _cently scuttled the pro])Osed plan sub­ 'development missions. -Signed: Howard H. .Mr. !CHORD. Mr. Spe:aker., given the :Calloway, Secretary -of the Army. mitted by the Bollio-g Oommittee f-or many important decisions facing this It is with deep pride and honor tJhat I congressional reorganization. The Times Nation ancl the Members oi thi-s legisla­ make this presentation to Mr. Donald calls on these Members "to prove t'hat tive body, I would like to take tbis op­ McBride. they can come up with constructive al­ po-rtnmity to bring to the attientton o! my ternatives rather than the'Self-in1Jerested colleagues the results of my recent ques­ The brief biographical sketch that fol­ negativism 'tJhey nave evincred thus ·far." lows gives only the highlights of Don tionnaire sent to the citizens of the It will be interesting to see haw and Eighth Congressional District in Mis­ Mt:Bride.,s contributions to tih:e field of whether the maj orJ.ty r.es_ponds-partic­ water resource de~pment: souri. .As .ma:uy of the .questions be.fore us ula.r]y th.GSe litrer.aJ .and ref.oi::mi~ today ,are oi .national llllJ}01'.tance, I felt .DON McBn-IDE, DntECX.OR, TENNESSEE V.A.LLE:Y -Members who. .aco.orcti.ug .to tb.e mimBs, AUIDHORITY that the reSI):Orures to this questionnaire have been -gmri1ty of ";an unseemly per­ would be ·of deep interest to my distin­ Don McBride became a member of the formance."" 'The Times etfi.tortal fo1lows: TVA Board of Directors on May 20, 1966, guished colleagues, and at this point 1: L1BERALS ASTRAY following .more than 80 years of .public seiw­ w.on1d request consent to insert same in ice with F1Erderal and state organizations. His By the time .that :the La.F.ollette-Monroney the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: -primaTy experience has been in the field of Legislative .Reorganization Act passed -Con­ Sll:A!l'.EMEN!l' .BY ..coNGR.ESSM-A'N J:l.ICHARD l:I. water resource develo.Pment. gress in 1M6, dt hacl been .the subject of in­ -1cH£mD :I'.O .AccOMPA.NJr .:r.HE -REsur.:rs .OF TEE Mr. :McBride was active in studies which tense public oontroversy and of innumerable l.-974 EI&lill'H CONGRESSIONAL lllsTRICT POLL articles and editorisls. Flor more than a year led to the 1961 report prepared by the Se1ect .It .has been my policy durin;g tthe 14 yea.rs Committee on National Wa,ter Resources­ now, .a commit.tee Df ten .House Inembers drawn equally from both parties has been .I..hav.e serv.ed:in the U.S. O.cmgmem; tro:aend out ,a re:por.t considered to be one of the -most 'anntl'al p:oll 1io .the residents .of the 8th at work on a reform proposal that--so .far an JJom_plete w.orks ever issued _on water resource Congressional .DiB'trlct of Missouri . .I llave al­ the House nf ~esenta.tives is de;v-elopment in this country. as .con­ ways .made it -very clear that w.heTeB.s I earn­ in L949 he .helped :p:reyare the United cerned-would be as far reaching and as de­ sirab1e as the LaFollette-Monr.oney Act. But estly -solicit the views .of tlhe peqple I am states Sena,te :report on the ~enensiv-e electred to se:rw that _! accept fnll responsibil­ in a Congress and a nation preoccupied witn dev.elopment o.f the Ankansas, White, and ity for all of 1lhe -vo1:e:s I cast in the U.S. Oo'n­ Watergate, this committee has done its work Bed .Riv.er basins. He also .assisted in prepa­ gr-ess. As I wwte ln my Jetter intn>aun1ng my zation of 'the TVA self-fina..nci]:\g le_gislation silently and unnoticed. 1974 -.questiannll.ire: "I belll?ve "that a repre­ On Thursday, reform paid the price for iPB,Ssed .b_y C.o~ess ln 1959. sentatiVe sh:lllks h1S responsibiUty if he al­ .At the 'time of his appointment to the that silence. By a narrow margin, the House ways takes a public opinion 1)0ll before vot­ TV.A Board by President Johnson, Mr. .Mc­ Democratic caucus shelved the reorganiza­ ing on an issue and I also feel that he js .!Bride was a ~cial assistant .an the stafI of tion plan by sending it to another committee neglectful of his duties if h-e fails to .ascrer­ Sena1ror .A. s. (-Mike) .Mon-roney. .He served for study. The barons of the House led by tain the opinions Of the p-eap:le he represents from 19'J>0-63 ,as .prino1;pal .ad.v.is.or a.nu. .c.cm­ Representa'ti:t(e Wilbur Mills of Arkansas, on the important .issues facing the nai;ion. _s:uJ:tant .on water r.eso::ur.c:es .legislation to .the chairman of the Ways and Means Commit­ Oertainly, the represen'tative should .alwa,ys 1a.iie 'Sena'tor Robert S. Kerr. tee, and the pressure _group lobbyists know Jay his judgment a.long ..side the judgment of In the post-war years, J.946-49, he was .sec­ wllat was at stake even though the public his constitluen.ils." retary-Manager of the National .Reclamation did.not. Interestingly enough, there has been only Association. It w.a.s not essential that the plan be sub­ on-e time in my memo-ry wJaJ:ch my vote has Following positions with wa.r.ious pr.iv.ate mitted to the Democratic caucus. It ooul:d different from a majority of those answering companies and state agencies concerneu. Wlith have gone directly to the floor 11.s a privileged .my poll. I belie:ve that :my _political views and the design and construction of power trans­ motion. But Speaker Albert and Represen­ philosophy are closer to the people I repre­ .mission lines and irrigation .projects, in 1939 tative Richard Bolling of Missouri, chair­ sent than are the views and _philosophy of .Mr. McBride was appointed chief engineer man of the committee tnat drafted the re­ any Member of Congress 'to tha.t of his or her and later a d>irector of the Oklahoma Plan­ organization, believed that as a practical oonsti tuency. ning and Resources Board, with responsibil­ matter the reforms would not last -a:nle-ss The pJJll JT.es:ults I am About to release seem -tty for adm.inistration of the 'State•-s wa1ler they had the support of a majority in eacll to be of speciail interest thiS year because of Iights. party. the 18J.'ge nwnber of responses-almost He became chairman of the Planning and House Republican-s meeting in 'their -con­ 44;000--and because of the general public Resources Board in 1944. During bis two­ ference -endorsed the reforms. The Demo­ lnterest in the impeachment _question. :year tenn as chairman, h-e :formnlated a :p1an crats did not. Significantly, they did the At 'this point in time I have no more of revenue bond :financing to develop the deed in secret avoidin_g a rollcall vote. Thwe infol'.Ina.tion on the cha,r-ges that might be Oklahoma state park system-a plan which is no justification for conducting public busi­ brought s.gainst the President than do any .is still ln use. ness in that devious fashton. other citizens who read the newspapellS, Mr. McBr.ide was born June 1, 1903, in 1Labor unions and liberal Democrats who watch T.V. and listen to the radio. Since Cowles, Nebraska. He attended en_gineering on most other days are in the vanguard of t.bere is a good chance that I w.ill be called .school at the University of Nebraska and is those calling for progressive change were upon with the other Members of the U.S. :a registered professional engineer in Olda- -instrumental in blocking the reforms. Since 'Rouse to vote on a resolution of impeach­ 11:loma. He is the author of numerous publi­ 'the AFL-CIO did not want tne Labor and ment, it would be .im,proper if not i:crespon­ cations on the subject of water resource Education Committee split into two commit­ sible for me to take a position on the development. tees or the Post Office Committee abolisnea, question at this time. If evidence is 1:n 1-964, Mr. McBride wa:s ·honored by the it used its political muscle a-gainst the plan. submitted to the House of 'Representa­ Arkansas Basin Development Association for Noted liberals such as Representatives Fran"k tives by the Judiciary Cmnmlttee. I his efforts in the development of the Arkan­ Thompson of New Jersey, John Brademas can only pledge to make a very care­ sas River. He has received similar awards of Indiana, James O'Hara of Michigan, and ful and thorough study of such evidence 14650 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 14, 1974 and make my decision to the best of my opposition in such counties as Shannon, (In percent) ability based on the facts in the case. There­ Texas, Crawford and Oregon. fore, I can only offer this morning the results The question of establishing new diplo­ of the opinions of the constituents of the matic relations with Cuba was narrowly re­ His Hers Total 8th District who responded to my poll. The jected by a 42.7 percent yes, 44.0 percent no Yes •• ______••• _____ bulk of the responses were received in my and 13.3 percent undecided. Seven counties, No ______13. 2 13. 7 13. 4 80.0 76. 8 78. 3 office during late March and early April and Boone, Dent, Franklin, Gasconade, Phelps, No opinion ______it may well be that some opinions have Pulaski, and St. Louis, favored new diplo­ 6.8 9. 5 8. 3 changed since that time. One of the difficul­ matic relations with Fidel Castro's govern­ ties with any public opinion poll is that ment while the other 12 8th district coun­ 4. The Economic Stabilization Act, which authorizes wage and price controls expire April 30, 1974. Do you believe this act public opinion changes from time to time­ ties rejected such a move. should be renewed? sometimes it changes very rapidly but most By a. vote of 52.0% no and 40.3 % yes and often any significant change in public opin­ 7.7% undecided 8th district residents stated [In percent) ion is a .slow process. The effect, if any, of their opposition to year-around daylight sav­ the controversy over the tapes and the re­ ing time. 16 counties opposed year-around His Hers Total cently released transcripts is not weighed in daylight saving time with Phelps, Moniteau, this poll. and St. Louis counties showing a preference Yes ______29.8 27.3 28. 4 With this background in mind I would for it. No ______---- __ 59.1 54.0 56. 5 like to offer you the results of the 1974 8th 78.3 % expre·.ssed their opinion that wage No opinion ______11.1 18. 7 15. 1 Congressional District poll: and price controls had not been effective in Ichord, polls shows narrow rejection of im­ fighting inflation and 70.4% voiced opposi­ tton to gasoline rationing. In a 48.9% no to 5. Would you favor Government rationing of gasoline as a peachment by Eighth district voters; strong means to reduce consumption of gasoline? sentiment for cleath penalty ancl speecly 41.5% yes and 9.6% undecided the district conclusion of impeachment issue,· over­ voters rejected the financing of presidential (In percent) whelming opposition to MFU status ancl elections out of the public treasury and 58.0% believed that Congress should pass creclit to the Soviet Union, wage ancl price His Hers Total controls ancl gasoline rationing,· slight re­ some type of national health insurance legis­ lation. jection of new diplomatic relations with Yes ______1974 ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE No ______19. 8 18. 3 18. 7 Cuba ancl year-round, daylight saving time 75.9 74.6 75. 2 The 1974 8th Congressional District poll 1. The House Judiciary Committee is still No opinion ______4.3 7.1 6.1 sent out by the office of Congressman Richard conducting an investigation to determine if H. !chord, D-Mo., drew a heavy response of grounds exist for the impeachment of Presi­ dent Nixon. The Constitution states that 6. Do you favor the restoration of the death penalty for certain 43,855 replies with 47.3 percent or 20,724 dis­ crimes of violence? trict residents rejecting the impeachment of the President can only be "removed from [In percent) President Nixon, 41.3 percent or 18,097 voters Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction favoring impeachment, while 11.4 percent or of, Treason, Bribery, and other high Crimes 5,034 were undecided. The poll was answered and Misdemeanors." A majority vote is re­ His Hers Total by 22,602 women and 21,253 men. Women quired in the House for impeachment which rejected impeachment by a 47.9 percent to is similar to the indictment of a grand jury. Yes __ ------82.8 79.4 81.1 No. __ ------____ --- __ 12.1 13. 7 12. 9 39.9 with 12.2 percent giving no opinion. Men In an indictment, the grand jury must find No opinion ______turned down impeachment by a closer 46.5 that there are reasonable grounds to believe 5.1 6.9 6.0 percent to 42.7 percent and only 10.8 percent that the defendant is guilty of the com­ undecided. Four of the nineteen counties in mission of a crime. If the President is im­ 7. The Administration believes it is in the the 8th district, Boone (57.8 percent yes), peached, the matter then goes before the best interest of this country to greatly ex­ Franklin (47.2 percent yes), Oregon (45.8 per­ Senate where final determination is made pand trade with the Soviet Union. On De­ cent yes), and Shannon (55.0 percent yes) whether or not the evidence against the cember 11, 1973, the House of Representa­ favored the impea.chment of President Nixon President is sufficient to warrant his con­ tives passed the Mills-Vanik amendment to while the other 15 counties rejected the pro­ viction. A two-thirds vote is required in the the Trade Reform Act of 1973 by a vote of ceedings. The strongest opposition to im­ Senate for such a conviction. 319-80, which would prohibit Most-Favored­ peachment was found in Cole ( 58.5 percent (a) Given this background, do you feel that the House of Nation (MFN) treatment-that is to charge no), Moniteau (58.9 percent no), Gasconade Representatives should vote in favor of impeachment of the the lowest rate of tariff to the products the (56.5 percent no), Osage (53.4 percent no) President? Russians would sell to the U.S.-and credit to and St. Louis county (61.1 percent no) fol­ the Soviet Union until the Soviet Union lowed. closely by Phelps, Howell and Dent- changed its repressive emigration poli­ 82.5 percent of those who responded to the His Hers Total cies. An identical amendment offered by poll were in favor of deciding "the issue of Per- Per- Per- Senator Jackson in the Senate has 76 co­ impeachment, one way or the other, as soon Number cent Number cent Number cent sponsors. Since the Mills-Vanik amendment as posslb1e." Another 81.1 percent of the al­ passed the House the Export-Import Bank most 44,000 district residents who responded has granted an additional $128.8 million in YesNo ______••••••••••• 9, 082 42. 7 9, 015 39.9 18, 097 41.3 to the poll favored "the restoration of the 9, 876 46.5 10, 848 47.9 20, 724 47.3 loans to the Soviet Union at 6% and 7% in­ death penalty for certain crimes of violence" No opinion ••••• 2, 295 10.8 2, 739 12.2 5, 034 11.4 terest. The Export-Import Bank is presently with over 90 percent of those responding from considering a. $49.5 million loan to the Gasconade, Oregon, and St. Louis county fa­ Total.. •••••• 21, 253 •••••• 22, 602 •••••• 43, 855 •••••• Soviets for exploration of their gas fields in voring the death penalty. Boone county with Eastern Siberia.. only 78.4 percent favoring the death penalty (b) Do you feel that it is imperative that the House of Repre­ was the lowest percentage. sentatives decide the issue of impeachment, one way or the (a) Do you favor the granting of MFN status to the Soviet Union other, as soon as possible. at this tlme7 An overwhelming 78.1 percent of those re­ (In percent) sponding rejected the extension of credit to (In percent) the Soviet Union, 9.6 percent favored loans to the Soviets and 12.3 percent were undecided His Hers Total His Hers Total on the issue. The granting of credit to the Russians was strongly rejected in all 8th Dis­ 84.2 81. 7 82.5 Yes.------14.2 9.8 11.2 trict counties with 18 of the 19 counties Yes.------No ______-- , No ••••• ------72.8 74. 0 73.4 10.8 11.6 11.2 No opinion ______13. 9 showing 80 per.cent and above opposed to such No opinion ______..; 4.0 6.7 6.3 16. 2 15.4 loans with only Boone county dropping to 67.7 percent objecting to Soviet credit-73.4 (b) Do you favor the extension of credit to the Soviet Union by percent of those returning questionnaires be­ 2. Do you favor year-round daylight saving time recently passed by the Congress? the Export-Import Bank and other Government financial institu­ lieved that the Soviets should not receive (In percent) tions at this time? Most-Favored-Nation trade status at this (In perce ntJ time. By a 38.5 percent yes to 46.5 percent no and His Hers Total His Hers Total 15.0 percent undecided district voters dis­ approved a volunteer change over to the 43. 7 38.1 40.3 Yes •••· ------10. 9 8.4 9.6 Yes.------77.9 78.2 78.1 metric system of weights and measures. By No •• ----·-···------50.0 54.1 52.0 No------· small margins the conversion to the metric No opinion •••••••••• .: 7.3 7.8 7.7 No opinion •••••••••• .: 11.2 13.4 12.3 system was favored in five counties, Boone, Howell, Phelps, Pulaski and St. Louis, and re­ 3. Do you feel that wage and price controls have been effective 8. Should Presidential election campaigns be financed out of Jected in the other 14 counties with heavy as a means of fighting inflation? the public treasury? May 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14651 (In percent) AN ADDRESS BY CIA DIRECTOR, skies" proposal and tried to negotiate on­ WILLIAM E. COLBY slte inspection procedures. The Soviet lead­ Hers Total ers rejected these because they believed such His measures would permit foreigners an undue HON. LUCIEN N. N-EDZI degree of access to their sovereign territory. Yes __------31. 7 31. 2 31.4 It was only after American intelligence No ___ ------59. 4 57. 8 58.6 OF MICHIGAN No opinion ______8.9 11. 0 10.0 developed the ability to monitor such agree­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ments from afar, through technical means, Tuesday, May 14, 1974 t hat we on our side became sufficiently con­ 9. Do you believe we should work to establish new diplomatic fident to begin the process of mutual arms relations with Cuba? Mr. NEDZI. Mr. Speaker, few Amer­ [In percent) limit ation. In the text of the first SALT icans would dispute that an effective cen­ agreement, intelligence in fact was even tral intelligence agency is vital to the admitted to polite diplomatic society under His Hers Total security of the United States. the name of "national technical means of Nevertheless, we must acknowledge verification." Yes __------__ 45. 5 40.8 42. 7 Technology has revolutionized the in­ No ______43. 9 44.1 44.0 that there continues to be some unease telligence business in many other ways be­ No opinion ______10.6 15. 1 13. 3 in the land about the conduct of intelli­ yond those I just described. They provide gence gathering, its underlying philos­ a precision to our knowledge of the world 10. Do you feel we should adopt a long-range volunteer program ophy, and its possible abuses. A strong around us, which was inconceivable fifteen to change over to the metric system of weights and measures? measure of reassurance is needed. years ago. I might add that I give fu ll credit to the many talents here in California II n percent) The top men in our intelligence serv­ ices rarely "go public." When they do, which have contributed immensely to this effort. His Hers Total their remarks deserve our close atten­ The second major contribution America tion. has made to intelligence stemmed in part Yes ______42. 2 35.0 38. 5 Accordingly, I am pleased to place in from a bad American habit. This was our No ______-- ___ 44. 2 48.8 46.5 the RECORD the recent address of Wil­ habit of disbanding our intelligen·ce ma­ No opinion ______13. 6 16. 2 15. 0 liam E. Colby, Director of the CIA. Of chinery at the end of every war, requirin g particular interest is Mr. Colby's descrip­ us to reassemble one hastily at the begin­ 11. Do you b~lieve that the_ Co~gress ~hould pass som_e Jype of tion of how technology has revolu­ ning of a new war. Thus we abandon ed national health insurance leg1slat1on which would subs1d1ze the tionized the intelligence business in the intelligence in the period after World War premiums for the poor and offer all citizens protection against I , when Secre,tary of State Stimson is al­ catastrophic medical expenses? years-since the U-2. Entitled "Foreign Intelligence for leged to have commented that "gentlemen (In percent) do not read each other's mail." We disbanded America," the address was delivered on the Office of Strategic Services in October May 3, 1974, at the well-known forum, Total 1945, only to establish a new central in­ His Hers the Los Angeles World Affairs Council. telligence apparatus to help meet the Cold The address follows : War in 1947. Yes ______- _- 63. 9 64. 9 64.4 This habitual exercise provided something No ______26. 2 25. 9 26.1 FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE FOR AMERICA No opinion ______9. 9 9. 2 9. 5 new in 1942. We were faced then with the (By William E. Colby) urgent need to provide intelligence support Foreign intelligence has a long tradition in to our governmental and military leader­ America. One of our earliest national heroes, ship about such disparate areas of the world NEWS RELEASE Nathan Hale, was an intelligence agent. Our as the North African littoral, the "hump" first President, General Washington, was an between China and India, and distant Pa­ HON. DAVID W. DENNIS assiduous director and user of intelligence. cific islands. General William Donovan, our Intelligence has changed in recent years, first director of central intelligence, mo­ OF INDIANA however, and today its reality is different bilized the talents of academia and industry IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from its traditional meaning. In the com­ to assemble every possible American source Tuesday, May 14, 1974 mon understanding, intelligence is still of information on these subjects. linked with secrecy and spying. But what I This central pool of intellectual talent Mr. DENNIS. Mr. Speaker, I have re­ would like to talk about tonight is the way proved its worth and provided the base for leased to the press a statement regard­ we in America have changed the scope of the the second major American contribution to word "intelligence," so that it has come to the intelligence profession. While certainly ing the current push for the President's mean something different from that old­ the collection of information is vital to in­ resignation which I should like to call to fashioned perception. These changes have telligence, an equally vital contribution the attention of my colleagues, as well as stemmed from characteristics peculiar to comes from the analysis, assessment and to the general public. My statement America and from the nature of our society. estimating process. The analytic staff wit hin follows: The first and most dramatic change in the Central Intelligence Agency has access MAY 13, 1974. today's meaning of the word "intelligence" to all the raw information on foreign areas WASHINGTON, D.C.-Rep. David w. Dennis stems from the technological genius of available to our Government, ranging from (R-Ind.) said today that he does not favor Americans. We have applied to intelligence that which is completely public to the most the talents of our inventors, of our engi­ secret products of our worldwide collection the resignation of President Nixon, but in­ neers, and of our scientists. In the short apparatus. It subjects this information to stead, feels that "the constitutional proc­ space of eighteen years since the U-2 began the intellectual talents and experience o! esses should take their course." its missions, we have revolutionized intel­ its membership, which in scope and scholar­ "The hearings of the Judiciary Committee ligence. In 1960 this country engaged in a ship can rival those of our large universities. have just begun, and of course I have not great debate as to whether there was a mis­ It then produces objective and reasoned as­ inade up my mind about impeachment," sile gap between the Soviet Union and our­ sessments of developments around the world Congressman Dennis said. selves. Today the facts are so well estab­ and projections of likely future trends. "I am, however," he continued, "opposed lished that such a debate ls impossible. Then Some of the work of this corps of experts to the President's resignation. I think the we had to try to deduce from bits of circum­ has come to light through the revelation ot constitutional processes should take their stan tial evidence how many missiles the So­ the Pentagon Papers, 1n which the various viets had; today we see and count them. course." national estimates on Vietnam were shown We wondered · then what new missiles the to have been independent, objective assess­ "Resignation would inevitably be consid­ Soviets might be developing; today we follow ments of the likely future course of events ered a confession of guilt, and, in my view, their tests and determine from them the there. This is not the time or place to debate is not possible for a President who asserts range, the size and the effectiveness of such American involvement in Vietnam and t he his innocence," Rep. Dennis stated. missiles. many factors which influenced it; I mention "Moreover, I . doubt that it has become This technical contribution to intelligence these reports only to demonstrate what this appropriate for party leaders to urge resig­ not only provides a better basis for decisions assessment process can contribute: an inde­ nation. Currently there is much public about the nat ional security of the United pendent and objective assessment of a for­ clamor and discussion; but certainly anyone States, it also enables us to negotiate agree­ eign situation, unaffected by political com­ in public life who urges resignation should ments such as the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty mitments or departmental parochialism. first seriously ask himself the question-to and the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty. As has been reported in the press, I have what extent am I moved by moral indigna­ Over the years such limitation treaties were made certain changes in the bureaucratic tion, and to what extent by concern for my al ways stopped by one essential feature: the structure through which these assessments United States needed some assurance that. are produced, but the estimating process in own political survival?" the Hoosier Con­ the other par-ty would abide by a treat_y's its essential remains as it was. I hope I have gressman said. restraints. Thus we came up with the "open even reinforced it by my own insistence t hat 14652 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS lJ!ay 14, 1974 honest dUierencea among the experts must Another unique aspect of American intel· head of the KGB in the Soviet Union. Mr. be fully reflected in our final output rather ligence ls our relationship to the Congress. Andropov faces a veritable cornucopia of than concealed under useless generalizations. Some of my foreign counterparts around the easily acquired information about America America's success in this assessment world display considerable shock when they from published and public sources. Out of process perhaps !nfluenced the formation by learn that I appeared in an open hearing this, he must pick those facts which are sig­ the Soviets a few years ago of the Institute before the television cameras as a part of nificant and assemble them into an accurate for the Study of the U .SA. The Soviets ap­ my Senate confirmation. Many of them assessment of America. My task is to search parently have recognized, as we did long ago, would never be subjected to detailed scru­ for individual facts kept in the utmost se­ that it is as important to study and try to tiny by their Parliament, and their identities crecy in closed societies, and with these few understand American society as it would be are frequently totally unknown. Some facts try to construct whole assessments, in to spy on it. While some other nations also months ago, for example, two journalists somewhat the way one extrapolates a repro­ consider assessment a part of their intelli­ were prosecuted in Sweden-hardly a closed duction of the skeleton of a Brontosaurus gence process, I know of none which can society-for revealing the startling fact that from a thigh bone. Without the contribu­ match the investment we in America have their country had an intelligence service. tions of clandestinely acquired information, made in research and analysis as an integral In our country our intelligence authority our Brontosaurus could in some situations element of our intelligence mechanism. The stems from an act of Congress, it is subject be very deformed indeed. product delivered to our policy-makers has to oversight by the Congress, and it depends Simple prudence, of course, causes us to often demonstrated the value of this invest­ upon funds appropriated annually by the use clandestine collection only when the in­ ment, and opened new perspectives for the Congress. formation is available in no other way and concept of intelllgence. The Congress has provided for itself a way is of real value to our country. My point ls American intelligence presents another of resolving the dilemma between the need that such situations do exist. Thus we wm unique feature. It must operate within the for secrecy in intelligence and the demands continue to need Americans and friendly for­ tradition of an open society in America. But, of our open society. Those Senators and Con­ eigners willing to undertake clandestine in­ as General Washington once noted, "upon gressmen designated to exercise oversight of telligence missions. I might add only that we secrecy, success depends in most enterprises" CIA or review its budgets are fully informed must do a better job of training future gen­ of intelligence. These principles are not easily of our activities, inspect us at will, and are erations of American intelligence officers and reconcilable, and we are breaking new ground given detailed and specific answers to any agents than Nathan Hale received in a one­ in intelligence doctrine as we try to resolve questions they raise. Other individual Sen­ day briefing and the advice to place his re­ the dilemma between them. ators and Congressmen and other commit­ ports in his shoes. Part of our solution to this problem ap­ tees frequently receive the same intelligence From this description we see that intel­ pears in the National Security Act of 1947, assessments of the world situation as are ligence in today's complicated world is a providing that CIA have no police, subpoena, provided to the Executive Branch, on a clas­ complex affair. It must warn our Govern­ or law enforcement powers, or internal secu­ sified basis, but they are not provided the ment of new generations of intercontinental rity functions, i.e., that it is restricted to operational details of our intelligence activ­ missiles being developed, it must be atten­ foreign intelligence. This limitation is clearly ities. This arrangement was established by tive to foreign economic threats to America's recognized among our employees, although the Congress and is of course subject to strength and well being, and it must identify my predecessors and I have candidly ad­ change. My own position is that the method political problems around the world which mitted that CIA made mistakes with respect by which Congress exercises its oversight of can adversely affect our interests. The very to the wig and other equipment and the psy­ intelligence activity is a matter for the Con­ complexity of the challenge has led to the chological profile provided to the Watergate gress to decide. active collaboration of all the different ele­ "plumbers." I am confident and have· assured As a related aspect of American intelli­ ments of the American Government which the Congress publicly that it will be re­ gence in this open society, I might say some­ can contribute to the process of informa­ spected in the future. thing about our relations with the public tion collection and national assessment. The 1947 Act recognized the other horn and the press. We do not conduct a public President Nixon has charged my predeces­ of our dilemma when it charged the Director relations program; we are not in the public sors and me with the leadership of this Intel­ of Central Intelligence with responsibility information business. But we do make as ligence Community and has provided certain for the protection of intelligence sources much information as possible available to interdepartmental mechanisms through and methods. It ls this charge that led my the news media and to the public. Groups of which to implement this charge. This charge predecessors and me to take such Constitu­ our citizens, including high school students, of leadership for the entire American intel· tional steps as are possible to retain the have visited our facilities, where we try to ligence process applies to the substance of essential secrets of intelligence. In this re­ respond to their questions about the nature our intelligence needs and to the resources spect we have at least one common interest of American intelligence. devoted to intelligence. It puts on me the with the profession of journalism: we are Thus we in the intelligence profession are responsibility of preventing separate bureau­ both interested in the protection of our aware that ours must be an intelligence ef­ cratic interests from impinging on the effec­ sources. fort conducted on American principles and tiveness or raising the cost of our national We are currently engaged in the courts in that it must be more open and responsive to intelllgence effort. an effort to enforce the secrecy agreement our public than the intelligence activities of This then is foreign intelligence in and for that one of our ex-employees signed when he other nations. At the same time, we must America today. It reflects the technical and came to work with us. In it he acknowledged respect the essential professional require­ intellectual talents of America, it reflects our that he would be receiving sensitive infor­ ment embodied in the National Security Act open society, it reflects the courage and in­ mation and agreed to hold it secret unless to protect our intelligence sources and tegrity of our professional intelligence offi­ we released it. We are not objecting to most methods. We wm consequently continue to cers. Most important of all, it provides Amer­ of a book he proposed to write, even in­ arouse wonderment from some of our for­ ican policy-makers with critical information cluding about half of the items that we ini­ eign associates as to our openness, and con­ and reasoned assessments about the complex tially identified as technically classified. We cern among some American citizens that foreign political, economic and mmtary chal­ are struggling, however, to prevent the pub­ we still must keep some information secret if we are to conduct an intelligence effort lenges to our national security and welfare. lication of the names of a number of for­ It is designed to help us to achieve and to eigners, publicity which could do substantial at all. live in peace, rather than to protect us only injury to individuals who once put their Technical intelligence, the intellectual process of assessment, and our exposure to 1n time of war. It has become an important confidence in us. Similarly, we hope to with­ and permanent element of our national for­ hold the details of specific operations where our Constitutional authorities and the pub­ eign policy structure. We Americans who are exposure could prevent our receipt of further lic are three major contributions America has made to the intelligence profession. I a part of it are proud of It, and of the im­ information of great value. In some cases, provements we America.ns have brought to a the publication of the fact of our knowledge do not want to be accused, however, of con­ cealing the fact that intelligence still re­ profession which can be traced at lea.st to of a situation can be of major assistance to Moses, who sent a man from each tribe to another nation in deducing how we must quires clandestine activity. Our technical intelligence and our study and assessment "spy out" the land of Canaan. have learned of it and shutting us off from Thank. you very much. it. I might add that we do not censor our of material openly available throughout the ex-employees• opinions. We have cleared sev­ world have certainly revolutionized the ln­ eral such books full of criticism, in which 'telllgence profession in the past twenty years. But they have not removed the needs POULTRY INDEMNITY BILL IS A the authors have been careful not to reveal of our national policy-makers for informa­ GIVEAWAY our sources or operations. The most serious tion on the intentions of other powers. They aspect of this struggle is that if we cannot have not removed the need to identify at an protect our sources and methods, friendly early stage research abroad into some new foreign officials and individuals will be less weapon which might threaten the safety of HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE forthcoming with us in the future, when it our nation. so that we do not become aware OF MASSACHUSETTS could be of critical importance to our coun­ of a new and overpowering threat, especially IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES try. No serious intelllgence professional has from a nation not u open as ours. too late to Tuesday, May 14, 1974 ever believed that General Washington's :negotiat.e abom; 1t or protect ourselves. maxim could be replaced by a variation of The need. for clandestine collection can Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, this morn­ the Wilsonian approach to covenants, or perhaps be illustrated by comparing the task ing I sent the following letter to the "open intelligence openly arrived at." facing me with that facing Mr. Andropov, the chairman of the Rules Committee: May 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14653 s. 3231, the Poultry Indemnity Payments oped controls for parrot fever, or ornithosls, But Dr. Meyer's research experience almost bill, is special interest legislation that ought among other contributions. cost him his life. He contracted parrot fever, to be kept in a Mississippi chicken coop, far DISEASE SPREAD TRACED or psittacosis, as it is also called. As his life hung in the balance he wrote his presiden­ from the nest of the House floor where Dr. Meyer responded to public health em­ strange things have been known to hatch. tial address to the Society of American Bac­ ergencies as a one-man fire brigade. His teriologists in 1935. I had thought that with the r:>eekeeper example served as a model for the Federal indemnity program and the Cotton, Incor­ Epidemic Intelligence Service in Atlanta Dr. Meyer also showed that leptospirosis porated, boondoggle, Congress had perfected was not an infection spread just by rodents the "give-away" type of farm subsidy. But from which epidemic detectives trace the but also by infected dogs, cattle and other with the Poultry Indemnity bill, the hen has spread of diseases around the globe. His productivity was matched by few other animals. On another occasion, he recognized finally laid the golden egg. The federal gov­ that illness among cattle in the Bay Area ernment is being asked to put up a lot of scientists. He wrote 800 scientific papers, was due to lead poisoning. He traced the out­ scratch to feed to a small flock of chicken more in active retirement over the last 20 break to a smelter's industrial wastes. farmers who let the fox into the coop. years than most scientists publish in an en­ Dr. Meyer's major disappointment was his The legislation deserves only your feather­ tire career. Some of his most significant con­ failure to develop a polio vaccine. But he, weight consideration. The other body has tributions-on an experimental plague vac­ like so many others, could make no progress laid an egg. I only hope that the yoke doesn't cine now being tested in Southeast Asia-are in an era when it was impossible to grow the spread to this House. scheduled to be published in next month's virus. issue of the Journal of Infectious Diseases. He rejected a planned international convo­ The issue is dedicated to Dr. Meyer's 90th cation at Rockefeller University here for his birthday, May 19. 90th birthday, by saying: "KF," as his friends called him, was born "In times of tight fiscal policies for science, DR. KARL F. MEYER, PUBLIC in Basel in 1884 of a family that traced its HEALTH GIANT I don't want people to spend money on me." printed genealogy to the 14th century. His He leaves his wife, the former Marion father was an international tobacco mer­ Lewis, a daughter, Mrs. Bartler P. Cardon of chant and his mother a teacher. Phoenix, Ariz., and a grandson. His first wife, HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT MOVED TO CALIFORNIA t he former Mary Lindsay, died. OF CALIFORNIA The son trained as a veterinarian at the University of Zurich. By the age of 26, he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES had gained an international reputation from Tuesday, May 14, 1974 work in South Africa where he showed that ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTEEN STU­ cattle could be protected against East Coast Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, it was fever, a deadly tick-borne infection. DENTS RECOGNIZED AT QUINCY with great sadness that I learned of the Dr. Meyer moved in 1910 to the University JUNIOR COLLEGE HONORS CON­ passing of Dr. Karl F. Meyer. His con­ of Pennsylvania, where he helped link Bang's VIVIUM tributions in the field of public health are disease of cattle and a human disease re­ directly responsible for the saving of ported from Malta by Dr. David Bruce. The thousands of lives around the world, and animal and human diseases are now called HON. JAMES A. BURKE brucellosis. Paul de Kruif once wrote: it will be a long time before we are OF MASSACHUSETTS blessed with the presence of another who "While there he once bet his colleagues possesses the skills Dr. Meyer cultivated that, dressed in a tuxedo, he could do the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES complete autopsy of an elephant, unassisted, Tuesday, May 14, 1974 in the 89 years of his life. A veterinarian without getting a drop of blood on his shirt by training, Dr. Meyer chose this field so front. He collected. His dexterity astounded Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. that he could, as he told his friends, "be his fellows." Speaker, on Friday, April 26, 1974, I was a universal man and study all diseases In Philadelphia in 1914, Dr. Meyer isolated very pleased to have the opportunity to in all species." True to his desire, his the Eastern equine encephalitis virus just as participate in the annual· honors con­ work has had such broad implications he was preparing to move to California. vivium at Quincy Junior College in that it touched on virtually all fields of There, he developed a vaccine against the viral disease. It was the first of his two dis­ Quincy, Mass. On this occasion 118 stu­ medicine. coveries of encephalitis causing viruses. The dents received recognition for their out­ I insert in the RECORD a New York other came in 1932 when he identified the standing scholastic achievement during Times article that chronicles the dra­ Western equine encephalitis virus. the past academic year. I am very proud matic career of this remarkable man: In 1916, Dr. Meyer became director of the of these students in view of the fact that DR. KARL F. MEYER, VIRAL SCIENTIST Hooper Foundation at the University of Cali­ their accomplishments exhibit qualities SAN FRANCISCO, April 28.-Dr. Karl F. fornia in San Francisco. It was a position he which will benefit our country as these Meyer, an internationally renowned veteri­ held until 1954, when he reached mandatory fine young people grow to become our narian scientist, died late yesterday in a hos­ retirement age. But he pursued his lifelong leaders. pital in San Francisco. He was 89 years old. interest in plague and other diseases. I was honored to present scholarships ISOLATED PARROT FEVER to several deserving students and I was PUBLIC HEALTH GIANT Earlier, in the nineteen twenties, when very happy to note that funding for (By Lawrence K. Altman) botulism cases had been traced to California scholarships at Quincy Junior College canned olives, Dr. Meyer was called on to Dr. Karl Friedrich Meyer was regarded as has increased sevenfold for 1974. the most versatile microbe hunter since save the industry. He developed the flash The following is a report of the pro­ Louis Pasteur and a giant in public health. sterilization method of canning and made ceedings at the annual honors convivium As a youth in Basel, Switzerland, pictures canned goods safe without spoiling the prod­ at Quincy Junior College: of the Black Death, or plague, so fascinated uct simply by calculating the heat penetra­ ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTEEN STUDENTS RECOG­ him that he became an outdoor scientist in­ tion in all types of cans and developing a NIZED AT QUINCY JUNIOR COLLEGE HONORS stead of following in the aristocratic busi­ "fakeproof" system to weed out unethical CONVIVIUM producers. ness world in which he grew up. He told Nearly 200 students and guests attended friends that in choosing to become a veter­ Dr. Meyer responded to typhoid epidemics. the dinner and Honors Convivium of Quincy inarian he could "be a universal man and His work emphasized the importance of the Junior College held on Friday evening, April study all diseases in all species." human carrier as the most important source 26, at the Red Coach Grille in Hingham. Public health leaders yesterday called his of the disease. It is a basic tenet of public Seated at the head table and presenting the contributions to medicine "monumental." health practice today. awards were Congressman James Burke, His scientific work had such broad implica­ In the thirties, when Philippine farm work­ Former Governor Foster Furcolo, Mr. Charles tions that it touched on virtually all fields ers were struck by a mysterious disease, Dr. Sweeny, Chairman of the Community Col­ of medicine. Meyer traced it to a fungus called coccidiodes lege Association and Vice-Chairman of the Dr. Meyer was credited with rescuing the Quincy School Committee, Dr. Edward F. canning industry when epidemics of botu­ in the soil. The disease, now known as coccid­ iomycosis, or valley fever, is commonly diag­ Pierce, President of Quincy Junior College, lism, a deadly form of food poisoning, threat­ Councillor James Sheets representing Mayor ened to wipe out commercial canning in its nosed in the San Joaquin Valley of California and elsewhere. Hannon of Quincy, the Honorable Gertrude infancy. The National Canners Association Halloran, member of the Community Col­ elected him to its Hall of Fame last Janu­ When California's aviaries were struck with lege Association and contributor of a per­ ary. It was the last of the scores of honors parrot fever, it was Dr. Meyer who isolated manent scholarship, Mrs. Maude Taylor John­ he received from scientific, industrial and the virus and went on to show that the in­ son, Treasurer of the Community College As­ civic groups. fection affected all birds. Control measures sociation and Chairman of the Scholarship He discovered two of the viruses that cause he helped develop for the pet industry had a Committee, Mrs. Russell Beatty, Dean Rich­ encephalitis in horses and man, and devel- major impact on the turkey industry. ard Mula, and Dean Hugo Saluti. Presenting 14654 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 14, 1974 Student Government scholarships was PETROLEUM INDUSTRY CAPITAL many miles of pipelines, how many Thomas Keady, president. REQUIREMENTS AND TAX POL­ Recognized for scholarships awarded for tankers, how much new refinery capac­ use in the Spring Semester of 1974 include ICY ity we do not want constructed. Let us Laura. L. Piscatelll, Nancy E. Bowen, Diane understand that. P. Dalabon, Joyce R. DiBona, Geoffrey A. Fer­ HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE If my colleagues are smart enough to ra.cane, Mark F. Gillespie, Jean M. Johnson, figure out how many wells and refineries Barbara T. Connolly, Barry S. Fineberg, Mary OF TEXAS and tankers we do not need, fine. But Laing, James M. Manning, Robert E. Moore, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mary J. O'Brien, Charlene Lewis, Frederick they are a lot smarter than I am; or A. Joseph, Kathleen Mudge, Terry A. Mahar, Tuesday, May 14, 1974 they may merely be more expedient. If Robert L. Owen, Debra A. Parziale, Merlin B. Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, my atten­ the long lines return to the filling sta­ Smith, Iris Sarnoff, Debra J. Titus, Lee D. tion was recently called to an article by tions and homes go cold, and factories Thompson, and Arthur LaBrecque. Dr. William A. Johnson, Assistant Ad­ close and farm tractors grind to a halt, Receiving scholastic recognition for honors ministrator for Policy Analysis and Eval­ I do not want the record to reveal that achievement during the Fall Semester of I decided that is the way it should be. 1973 were Nancy A. Ahonen, Joan M. Amen­ uation of the Federal Energy Office. It dola, Everett Anderson, Jr., Nina B. Appel, appeared in a publication of the con­ But let us be clear that the question Marcia L. Bailey, Michelle M. Boudreau, Di­ ference board, and consisted of excerpts soon to be before the House is not taxes ane M. Brabazon, Karen A. Bray, Allan M. from Dr. Johnson's remarks at a meet­ on the oil industry, but what we are will­ Brown, Jr., Constance M. Bryan, Ethel L. ing sponsored by the International Man­ ing to risk in dependency on a limited Burton, Frances M. Cahalan, Robert J. Che­ agement and Development Institute here number of outside sources for our essen­ ney, Barbara T. Connolly, Mark A. Connors, in Washington. tial energy supplies. Because that is Teresa A. Corea, John J. Crowley, Jr., Linda In the article, Dr. Johnson makes the what is ultimately at stake in the deci­ K. Curvin, Lorraine D'Amico, Louis P. Farina, sion about the wells and refineries and Richard J. Fay, William J. Fein, Barry s. following assertions: Fineberg, Wllliam A. Fitzpatrick, Jr., Robert It is alleged that the oil industry is earn­ tankers we do not need. · A. Flaherty, Frank E. Glynn, Joseph L. Gua­ ing "unconscionable" profits and that this How many dollars of profits oil com­ rino, Gladys Heitin, Peter W. Howlett, Mich­ ls proof that the major oil companies a.re panies have to earn to generate and at­ ael Iacovello, Deirdre A. Irvine, Lori A. John­ benefiting from the difficulties of our nation. tract the capital to bring our depend­ son, Margaret c. Kelly, Douglas W. Kemp, It is true that 1973 witnessed record in­ ency on foreign petroleum to a prudent Janet M. Kressler, Arthur F. LaBrecque, Mary creases In rates of return for the industry. level is something that no one really Laing, Lorraine A. Leonard, Deborah A. Lewis, However, these increases were experienced knows. But there is a way of finding out Paula J. Logan, Anne M. Luca, John B. Ma­ by independent as well as major oil com­ har, James A. Mahonen, James M. Manning, panies. Moreover, 1972 was the worst year without engaging in a lot of hazardous Mary A. Marotta, Suzanne M. Martin, Mary in recent industry history, partly because guesswork. J. Mayo, Jerome F. McAdams, James L. Mc­ prices of 70 percent of the industry's refinery That way is to allow full credits against Carthy, James M. McDonough, Kathleen E. output were effectively .frozen from August increased tax payments on profits that McGill, David L. McKinnon, Bruce w. Mc­ 1971 to January 1973. In 1973, the industry are plowed back into energy develop­ Lain, Paul W. Meallo, Marie T. Miller, Robert simply caught up to where it should have ment. That is where H.R. 14462 falls E. Moore, Peter E. Na.son, Cynthia R. Nelson, been. It is now estimated that the 1973 com­ down in that it would allow only an in­ Mlldred A. Nestor, Jeanine C. Nogueira, Mary posite rate of return on equity for the in­ ferior plowback credit. J. O'Brien, Laura L. Piscatell1, George E. Pitts, dustry as a whole wn be about 13.2 percent. Jr. Joseph P. Renna, Elizabeth Sestuccia, This is slightly below the rate of return for If the oil industry is earning so much Stephen E. Ruben, Russell Savela, Peter a.11 industry in the United States. that it cannot reinvest it in energy de­ Schottmlller, Terrance L. Silvernail, Thomas velopment in the United States and in J. Smith, Marcus Sorgman, Rebecca A. Stof­ Now, the reason, presumably why we more diversified areas abroad, then we flet, Arthur J. Stratford, Jr., Egle E. Subatis, are considering new taxes on "windfall" will know without guessing whether Carol A. Templeton, Lee D. Thompson, Ger­ profits in the oil industry, and other tax there are extra funds available for taxa­ ard L. Travers, Barbara A. Tully, Wllliam P. changes that are estimated to cost the in· tion. As it is, this bill Is guessing. VanRiper, Ronald A. Ward, Dolores Ware, dustry altogether about $13 billion over I believe the proponents of H.R. 14462, Margaret T. Wassell, Elizabeth M. Wayburn, the next 6 years, is because the industry Maureen M. Wllson, Wllliam H. Wirta. in deciding to siphon billions of dollars In addition to the presentation of scholar­ is earning more than it should-in some­ of additional taxes out of the petroleum ships given in memory of Capt. Edward one's judgment. industry, have underestimated the size Brudno by Congressman Burke, a gift of Since there are other industries that of the job the industry is facing. And I Mrs. H. Russell Bea.tty in memory of her are more profitable, I must inquire of believe they have overestimated the in­ late husband the former President of Went­ that someone where the line falls between dustry's ability to absorb billions of dol­ worth College a.nd Institute, and the Ca.pt. enough and too much. I would ask that lars in additional taxes and still get the William Mcintyre scholarship donated by the someone whether he believes the oil in­ job done. Hon. James Mcintyre, and the Walter Han­ dustry has a less urgent need for attract­ non scholarship, the Community College But let us be men enough to acknowl­ Association presented future scholarships to ing capital and, therefore, what is enough edge that if we make the decision, we freshmen for the Fall Semester of 1974. for industries that earn more is too much bear the responsibility. There should Patricia. Foley received the Community Col­ for the oil industry that earns less. need be no search the next time for a lege Association a.ward presented by Charles If that is the reasoning behind the scapegoat. Sweeny, Mark Carnathan received the Dr. enormous tax increase on oil companies Now, I want to return to something I Charles Djer! award presented by Charles that is proposed in H.R. 14462, then it alluded to earlier. This legislative pro­ Sweeny, Brian Walsh received the Kenneth is false reasoning. I know of no indus­ P. & Priscllla. Holland White award presented posal defines for one industry, out of by Maude Johnson, Michael Coffee received try in America that has a greater need many, the level of profits that are to be the Judge Gertrude Halloran award presented for funds for investment, nor any indus­ regarded as "windfall" profits, and it by Congressman James Burke, John Lynch try that Americans should more encour­ singles out that one industry in a highly received the Quincy Junior College award age to obtain those funds, than the oil discriminatory fashion for special taxa­ presented by Dr. Edward F. Pierce, Joanne P. industry. Because it is only by a massive tion based on this definition. Let us Condon received the Maude Taylor Johnson flow of new investment that we can get clearly recognize that and ponder its award presented by Hon. Foster Furcolo, Rita out of our energy bind and put a stop M. Todd received the Maude Taylor Johnson wisdom. a.ward presented by Hon. Foster Furcolo a.nd to what some have called "oil black­ I am compelled to comment also on Thomas Collins received the Deans' award mail" by the petroleum exporting coun­ two other features of this bill. The first presented by Dean Hugo F. Sa.luti. tries. has to do with the proposed elimination Dr. Edward F. Pierce announced that I contend, Mr. Speaker, that in the of the percentage depletion provision as moll.Jes tor scholarships had been increased next few days the House in acting on the it applies to oil. In passing, I observe seven fold for 1974 a.nd a. 50 percent increase Oil and Gas Energy Tax Act of 1974, that the production of more than 100 over the present level ts expected next year. H.R. 14462, will not only be asked to minerals is covered by the percentage New scholarship donors include Congress­ make a decision affecting the petroleum man Gerry Studds, 3 scholarships, the An­ depletion provision and once again one tonelll Iron Works, 2 scholarships, a scholar­ industry's tax burden but will be asked particular mineral is singled out for dis­ ship from Senator Allan McKinnon, among to make a decision on how many oil and criminatory treatment. But more impor­ others. gas wells we do not want drilled; how tantly, I understand that during its de- May 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14655 liberations the Ways and Means Com­ Moreover, expenditures in 1971 and 1972 $22 billion, which is well below the $26 bU­ mittee rejected a proposal to retain per­ averaged only $7 billion per year. If we allow lion needed. for this 1971-1972 under-expenditure and Of course, some of the $26 billion could be centage depletion on oil that is subject for inflation, the industry's capital require­ borrowed; but far and away the majority of to price controls. H.R. 14462, in its pro­ ments for 1973-1985 would be about $23.5 the funds must be generated internally. The visions dealing with percentage deple­ billion annually in 1973 prices. Preliminary First National City Bank of New York sug­ tion, does not distinguish between oil data would indicate about $26 billion annu­ gests about 80 percent (80 percent of $26 bil­ that is under price control and oil that ally for 1974-1985 in 1974 prices. This wm lion is $21 billion) . And some of the added is free to find its competitive market require more than tripling the 1972 expendi­ cash flow must go to dividends in a period price. This can be described as holding­ tures of $8 billlon for these items. of inflation if equity values are to be ;tnd-hitting, and coupled with other dis­ Preliminary data indicate the planned maintained. 1974 petroleum industry domestic capital It might be argued that a temporary wind­ criminatory features of this bill it raises expenditures in the above categories will be fall profit tax could be applied until ex­ this question: Can H.R. 14462 be de­ about $14 billion-up $6 billion from 1972. penditures actually reach the required level scribed as legislation thoughtfully de­ Thus, despite a major increase in the level without damaging the national effort to re­ signed to deal with the serious problem of expenditures, the industry is stlll under­ achieve a reasonable level of self-sufficiency. of the deteriorating energy posture of spending the NPC requirements by some However, to the extent that the industry our Nation? Or is it more accurately de­ $12 billion annually. is under-spending now, it must over-spend scribed as a blind venting of spleen How does the increase in cash flow at­ later. Thus, the money will be needed in the against the Nation's petroleum industry? tributable to higher domestic crude prices future if self suffi.olency is to be attained. compare with actual and needed capital Taxing away any present surplus will leave The identical questions may be asked, expenditures? a corresponding fture deficit. Mr. Speaker. with respect to the provi­ If operating costs remain the same, every CONCLUSION sion of H.R. 14462 dealing with foreign dollar of incremental crude price yields income. The United States will be heav­ about 50 cents of after-tax profits to a cor­ While these cash flow and expenditure porate producer of existing oil: data are necessarily only approximations, it ily dependent upon foreign oil sources seems clear that the industry should be for a long time-5 to 10 years at least. spending at levels even higher than implied Many U.S. oil companies have under­ U.S. tax by the increase in cash flow which would taken foreign exploration ventures computa- Increase tion result if all domestic crude oil were selling which hold promise of diversifying the in profit at world prices: sources of supply. With no provision for Extra revenue ______a reasonable transition period, H.R. $1. 00 $1. 00 Crude price (dollars per barrel>------~10. 00 14462 would change the rules of the Less- Incremental needed expenditures (billions of 1974 Royalty (at 15 percent) ______. 15 • 15 dollars) ______------18. O game on projects that were studied and State and local taxes (at 8 per· Incremental cash flow (billions of 1974 dollars)______14. O undertaken on the basis of present tax cent of 85 cents) _ _ ------­ . 07 . 07 Percentage depletion (at 22 Deficit (billions of 1974 dollars>--.------· 4. 0 laws. Longer-range, H.R. 14462 dimin­ percent of 85 cents) ______ishes the ability of U.S. companies to . 19 ------Total______The above computations are in 1974 dollars • 41 _ ------compete with foreign oil companies in Taxable income ______and make no allowance for future inflation. finding, developing, and bringing new ======-======• 59 ------Federal income tax (at 48 per- petroleum supplies into the very world cent) ______market upon which we depend, and • 28 .28 stacks the deck in favor of foreign oil TotaL __ _· - ______------__ • 50 O.L.WARR companies and the owners of foreign oil companies as the recipients of the Amer­ Net income_ ------• 50 ican dollars that go to pay for the oil HON. EDWARD YOUNG American consumers need. This 50-cent figure is for a corporation 9n OF SOUTH CAROLINA a gross production basis considering royalty IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Speaker, the solution to our Na­ as an expense. An independent producer in tion's energy problems is not higher a 70 percent marginal tax bracket would re­ Tuesday, May 14, 1974 taxes on the petroleum industry but a ceive about 37 cents on the dollar. Thus, on Mr. YOUNG of South Carolina. Mr. higher level of spending by the petro­ average, a dollar of lncremental crude value Speaker, one of the deep satisfactions of leum industry for exploration and de­ means about 47 cents of incremental profits to crude producers. (That assumes an 80/20 public life is the opportunity to be asso­ velopment for new petroleum reserves. It ciated with some very special people. is axiomatic that capital spending be­ split of production between corporations and individuals.) In round numbers, the pro­ Osta Lee Warr was such a man. The con­ comes feasible and capable of being ex­ ducer keeps half; and governments and roy­ tributions he made to South Carolina, panded if justified by profitability. At alty owners get half. The minimum tax is and the contributions he continued mak­ the present time, the petroleum indus­ disregarded in the computation. ing up to his death, have enriched the try's level of capital spending is inade­ The above computation overstates pro­ lives of all who knew him, as well as quate to promote reasonable self-suffi­ ducers' cash flow somewhat because, as time those who did not enjoy that great and ciency by 1985 even though the industry passes, operating costs will increase. We have assumed that all of the increase in special privilege. has substantially increased capital The Charleston News and Courier was spending since 1972. Higher prices and price on existing production represents profit (before tax), but some part of it is one of many newspapers which expressed capital requirements are discussed in a needed to cover rising operating costs. a sense of loss at the passing of this fine memorandum that was submitted for Since 1972, the average price of domestic gentleman: the hearing record before the Commit­ crude has increased by about $3 per barrel 0.L. WARR tee on Ways and Means on energy tax (from $3.39 to about $6.50). Wtth 4 billion A brilliant student at the University of legislation. Mr. Speaker. for the infor­ barrels of production, that would imply an South Carolina, Osta Lee Warr was described mation of the Members of the House, I increased cash flow of about $6 billion by the late W. W. Ball, then dean of the would include that discussion at this ( = half of $3 x 4 billion barrels). That in­ school or Journalism and later editor of The point in the RECORD as a part of my crease is about the amount required to cover News and Courier, as the most promising remarks: planned 1974 expenditures: $8 billion spent young newspaperman of his acquaintance. in 1972 plus $6 billion extra cash fl.ow = $14 Mr. Warr decided against Journalism as a CASH FLOW FROM HIGHER DOMESTIC CRUDE billion. While $14 billion approximates the career and returned to Darlington County to PRICES IN COMPARISON WtrH CAPITAL RE­ expected level of expenditures in 1974, it is become a farmer in the section known as QUmEMENTS FOR SELF-SUFFICIENCY far less than the needed expenditures. Quietude. Years later he wrote a series of The National Petroleum Council has esti­ Reflecting world prices, uncontrolled new provocative essays for The News and Courier mated that the industry should spend $19 domestic crude oil is selling for something which appeared under the caption "The blllion per year during 1971-1985 for on and over $10 per barrel-up about $7 per barrel Farmer From Quietude". gas exploration, development, refining, since 1972. If all domestic oil were selling at Mr. Warr wrote other articles for publica­ transportation, and synthetics (plants and $10, the implied increase in cash flow since tion. He also was elected to a term ln the mines) in order to achieve 83 percent oil 1972 would be about $14 billion ( = half of S.C. House of Representatives and occupied self-sufficiency by the end of the period. This $7 x 4 billion barrels). That is much more other posts of public service. He was a keen figure is in 1970 constant dollars, but gen­ than the $6 billlion increase in planned observer of the times, loyal to his state and eral prices in 1973 were already 14 percent spending, but it ls still not enough to cover possessor of a sense of humor to enliven his above 1970 (measured by the price index needed expenditures: $8 billion spent in conversation. His death at age 66 has re­ used to deflate Gross National Product). 1972, plus $14 billion extra cash flow equals moved a citizen we held in high esteem. 14656 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 14, 1974 SCHOOL DESEGREGATION FEARS parents in that area at least let their chil­ Willie, an avid athlete, says that to get the QUIETED IN MINNEAPOLIS dren return to school and because the chil· respect he desires that he would strive to be dren learned to adjust to one another very an A student as well as a great athlete. quickly. "That's when everybody really respects HON. DONALD M. FRASER "When I first came here I was kind of you," he says. OF MINNESOTA scared because I was used to being around "I didn't like it at first and I can't say that black kids," said Stacy Jackson, a 7th grader I like it now, but if they are going to bus the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES at Anthony. kids, then it's a matter of the teachers, Tuesday, May 14, 1974 "But after a while I got to know some of parents, counselors and the people over there the kids and now I have some friends that getting used to it," Mrs. Holmes said. Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, U.S. Dis­ are white and everything is OK," she said. "Maybe next year it will be better, that is, trict Judge Earl Larson has ordered that The problem that parents, school officials if the adults can change their messed-up at­ no Minneapolis school have more than and children consider the toughest to deal titudes," she added. 35 percent minority students by the time with is the belief that parents both black So now Willie, an intensely competitive the Minneapolis public school's deseg­ and white are watching their children come kid, looks forward to next year at Anthony regation plan is fully implemented within together but themselves are sitting back in as a time when he will match wits with the apathetic silence and doing nothing. system. Instead of fighting it, he will make the next 2 years. No one really knows if the parents' old it work for him and other incoming 7th Last fall saw the first large-scale prejudices can be overcome or if they even graders. efforts to accomplish the order. Integra­ want to alter their attitudes. Some feel that "My advice to new students being bused tion has worked successfully despite some integration will never really be achieved if in is, don't try to be tough, but don't be initial tension. Some reasons for the 1~e­ the parents don't change. afraid either. Have confidence in yourself. laxation of the tension are the years of Others like Tucker feel that the children Get your bookwork and if you're an athlete, preparation for the busing program, the will accomplish it themselves. be an intelligent athlete. "Kids don't worry with that stuff they "Then they'll respect you," he said. hiring of "crisis resolution aides," a more hear at home, 'cause kids are going to be relaxed climate surrounding racial mat­ kids and are going to do what they want IT'S WORKING LIKE GREAT ters in the city, and the positive attitudes to do • he says, "And if they want to be of the kids involved. friends they are going to do that, too." (By Zeke Wiggle·sworth) The following articles were printed in Susie Heidelberg is 13, upper-middle class, the Minneapolis Star on April 29, 1974. WILLIE DECIDED To STAY IN THERE , , , opinionated, outspoken and white. (By David E. Early) "I think," she said, looking at her parents, They represent the point of view of the "that when we grow up, the kids I'm in students who are involved in the pro­ Willie Holmes' smooth black face changed school with, it will be a better world." gram: into a slight frown when he recalled the dis­ Then she sighed. BUSING-AFTER A TRIAL, How ls IT WORKING? appointment of finding out that he could not "They (her parents) are Just too old to go to Ramsey Junior High School as he had change." There were fears last fall that as Minne­ planned. apolis junior high school students started She lives in a nicely furnished, older house "Man 1 I had never even heard of Anthony at 1242 W. Minnehaha Pkwy., a white neigh­ being bused for racial desegregation, there Junior High," said 12-year-old Willie, who would be fights, parents putting their chil­ borhood. lives at 4427 Blaisdel Av. S. "The people around here, they Just don't dren in private schools and maybe even a It was the middle of summer, 1973, and he riot or two. unde,rstand," she said. "Like I'm afraid to was happy because his grades were so high at bring my friends here because they'll be prej­ But none of that happened. The students Fuller Elementary School that he had been made sure it didn't. udiced against my parents because of all skipped from 5th grade to 7th. this," and she pointed to the nice house. "I never did believe all that stuff about the But then he was informed about forced kids are going to be fighting," said Cornelius "We're young, we're flexible and I think we desegregation and an irritating anxiety set can change our attitude," she said, "but I'm Tucker, assistant principal at Anthony Jun­ in. ior High. not sure my parents can." "I thought I was going to have problems Susie is one of several thousand Minneap­ "It never has been the kids. It's the adults. with my other two sons," hl.s mother, Mrs. If they don't get that crap from the parents, olis youngsters--seventh graders-who last they won't bring it here," he said. Earline Holmes, said. "But aifter one of them fall boarded school buses to begin the city's went to school in Arkansas and the other first large-scale efforts at forced desegrega­ To an outside observer, the schools last got to go to Bryant. I thought everything week looked calm. Masses of children of vari­ tion. was going to be all right." She lives in the Burroughs Elementary ous colors moved through the halls of Bryant But everything was all wrong for Willie. Junior High-a. picture of chatting girls, School area and would have attended Ramsey Shortly after school began he got into this year. But because Ramsey booame an all- boisterous boys, bossy teachers, laughter. At several fights with white children on the Anthony, the halls were not so crowded, and 9th grade school, and because a better racial buses and in school, argued with teachers, balance in the city junior highs was ordered, the atmosphere was pleasant and peaceful. refused to do school work, cha1·ged the Things were not always this calm, and last she went instead to Bryant. She thinks it's Anthony personnel with being bigoted, waB the best thing that ever happened to her. fall there were many uptight children steel­ habitually late to school and constantly ing themselves for confrontations. But the "When I first started going there, I was tension passed, and one of the reasons it hounded his mother to help him get a trans~ very afraid," she said. "I was afraid I was did was children getting together with chil­ fer to Bryant. going to say something and they'd beat me dren. "I Just didn't like it," W1llie says "The 9th up or I'd say something and they wouldn't One such meeting took place all year at grade whites would pick on us and it seemed like me. But that's all changed." Bryant in a "values clarification class," which like the other white kids didn't want us at She likes being in a school with a large consisted of about 20 students from various their school." minority population, partly because she economic, racial and social backgrounds. Mrs. Holmes says that Willie, usually a thinks it gives her insights to other life­ "The purpose of the class is for us to help peaceful kid, was miserable. "When one of my styles and party because she says the chil­ get blacks and whites integrated and to help children is upset, I get upset," she said. men she goes to school with are "honest." figure out the problems of doing that and She called and visited Anthony on several "The people around here (Burroughs) o'f. why we already aren't," explained James occasions to find out why her son's grades just hide things. At Bryant, kids will say, Holmes, a. black 13-year-old, 8th grader. were not up to par and why he felt that in front of you, that they don't like you, The class, which meets an hour everyday everyone there was on his back. and that hurts. But around here (the at 10 a.m., is an informal session where kids Finally, in March Mrs. Holmes and Willie Ramsey area), they whisper to somebody else share their thoughts on racial issues and went to the school board to ask for a trans­ and they tell you, and that hurts even through discussion learn to understand one fer to Bryant. worse." another. But by the time Willie and some of the There seem to be many reasons why Susie Then they share their insight with others staff and students at Anthony had begun to ls making it at Bryant. She's smart, first of of their race outside the class, hoping to understand one another. The mutual respect all, and is described by her mother, Ruth, create a snowball effect of understanding and had taken a while longer to develop, but now as a "real competitor." And she is the first harmony. the young man had come to a dooision. child in the family (there are five chidren) If you are a strong leader around school "I Just decided that I was going to stick it who has gone to Bryant, and that means a and you start to de;> something, then you will out," he says. "I had made some friends, lot to her. make others follow you," James said. black and white, and I wanted to make good "That means that kids don't come up and He believes that those in the special class grades, so I would be respected at Anthony." say, 'Oh, you're the other Heidelberg's sister.' are all protential leaders. Mrs. Holmes says when Willie told her that It means that what's happening to me 1S Although there 1s no values class at he wanted to stay at Anthony, she urged him mine, and I can come back and tell them Anthony, the feeling among people 1n the to study hard and that she would stand be• (her family) and it's all new." area is that the year went wen because white hind his new decision all the way. "lt's basically a class situation, not a racial May 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14657 one," she said. "Sometimes I forget what The post, which was organized in 1946 sion to review U. S. participation in the color people are, but I know they have a has grown from 32 members to more Olympic Games and perhaps recommend a different way of looking at things than I new organization to direct it. The other bill, than 1,030 members, each of whom is setting up its own Olympic study board, do. And I guess I feel sorry for people who deeply committed to public service and haven't had this sort of experience. I really would go much further by creating a five­ love that school." community participation. The continu­ member Amateur Sports Board that would Her father, Kenneth, is the vice-president ing efforts of Pvt. Leonard Post VFW charter national athletic governing bodies of Hirshfield's Paints and Wallcoverings, and Post of Cheektowaga a.re appreciated by such as the AAU, adjudicate disputes between a man who takes his daughter's 13-year-old all western New Yorkers. them and provide recourse to the U.S. courts. militancy in stride. I wish to bring to the attention of my The board would also approve organizations "I grew up in Minneapolis, went to school colleagues just some of the accomplish­ to represent the U.S. abroad, designate teams in Emerson and Central," he said, "and I ments and initiatives undertaken by the and individuals for international events and was sort of worried when Susie started at conduct domestic competition. Finally, the Bryant because that's a tough neighborhood. post. On behalf of all of western New bill would establish a 16-member Sports I was also a little upset because I didn't York, I commend the post for their con­ Foundation to develop and improve sports really understand what it would accomplish. tributions to the community and thus facilities. To that end the U.S. would match, It seems a little silly, I guess, to move every­ the country, and wish them well in this to a limit of $50 million, funds raised pri­ body around like that because I'm not sure year's competition. vately. In both bills the principal members of what it really does and I'm not sure we t h e boards would be designated by the Presi­ know what we're doing." dent. Mrs. Heidelberg agreed. The House bill, if you can hang with this "I guess I was upset because I knew about SPORTS ILLUSTRATED ENDORSES for one more dose, was introduced by two­ time Olympic champion Bob Mathias. It how badly the school needed money. I MATHIAS HOUSE SPORTS BILL wondered if all that money they were would amend the federal Olympic charter to spending for buses was worth it. I guess if provide for binding arbitration by the Ameri­ she hadn't been forced we never would have can Arbitration Association, an independent sent her to Bryant, because she can walk HON. JOHN J. McFALL organization, in jurisdictional disputes and to Ramsey from here and that's good OF CALIFORNIA in securing a bill of rights for individual exercise." I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES athletes. Susie's deliberations on the older gen­ Since 1964, when the then-Attorney Gen­ eration are not confined to her parents. Tuesday, May 14, 1974 eral, Robert F. Kennedy, advocated in these "My friends at school, well, their parents pages a sports-development foundation that Mr. McFALL. Mr. Speaker, from the would require some federal involvement, we have hangups, too. I think they're sort of time that Gen. Douglas MacArthur and afraid that their parents would be preju­ have stated our opposition to the instrusion diced against me, too." then-Attorney General Robert F. Ken­ by government into sport. We see no objec· She said the school was "very tense" at first nedy began pressing for legislation to tion, however, to a study of our sometimes last fall, because students on both sides eliminate disputes between the major imperfect administrative performance in the of the color line were uneasy, afraid of re­ sports organizations, Sports Illustrated, Olympics. The United States Olympic Com­ actions from the other side. But now, she one of the leading sports publications in mittee says it would welcome that, if for said, things are different. no other reason than to clear its name. this Nation, opposed any Federal effort Leading athletes favor the foundation idea "I think I sort of put black people to­ to resolve the bitter feuds which have gether, thought they were all alike. But with its promise of $100 m1llion for facilities, they're just like everybody, else, and I think resulted in a serious lack of American but in a country of this size $100 million we all learned that at Bryant. The whole preparation and success in international would prove little more than a chimera, and thing, well, it's working like great." amateur athletic competition. the government would have a foothold. It Now, 10 years later, their editorial would have almost a stranglehold on amateur policy has changed. They support both sport if the Amateur Sports Board were en­ the creation of a commission to in­ acted into law and the President were given the right to select amateur sports leaders. A REPRESENTATIVE JACK KEMP SA­ vestigate the U.S. Olympic Committee more broadly representative USOC that, from LUTES VFW PVT. LEONARD POST, and, therefore, the Olympic sports, and time to time, is subject to outside investiga­ JR., POST NO. 6251, OF CHEEKTOW­ also a bill introduced by my colleague tion is preferable, in our view, to total gov· AGA, N.Y. from California, BOB MATHIAS, which ernmental control, as practiced by an in· provides for binding arbitration in juris­ creasing number of nations. dictional disputes, free of Government The brightest idea, and one we would 1il{e HON. -JACK F. KEM? intervention, and also secures a bill of to see enacted, is Mathias' for compulsory OF NEW YORK rights for the individual amateur arbitration through the non-governmental AAA. It just could succeed at last in knock­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES athletes. ing some sense into AAU and NCAA heads. Tuesday, May 14, 1974 I have long been proudly associated with the annual Califomia Relays in Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, we in west- Modesto, Calif. which is an AAU sanc­ em New York are particularly proud of tioned event held in conjunction with DETROITER DONATES 10,000 VFW Pvt. Leonard Post, Jr., Post No. the California Junior College Track and UKRAINIAN BOOKS TO HARVARD 6251, of Cheektowaga, N.Y. The post has Field Championships. been recognized as the No. 1 New York This meet is another reason Modesto State VFW post in the category of com- has twice been selected as an All-Ameri­ HON. LUCIEN N. NEDZI munity service, and last year finished can City. The Commission and legisla­ OF MICHIGAN ninth in national competition. tion has the full support of the AAU and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This year, under the able leadership of the usoc. Tuesday, May 14, 1974 Comdr. John Slenicki, Pvt. Leonard I commend to my colleagues this Post, Post No. 6251, is actively on its way article in Sports Illustrated for their Mr. NEDZI. Mr. Speaker, book collec­ to becoming the No. 1 VFW post in com- consideration: tors are generally an interesting breed. munity service in the Nation. The post ScoRECARDs AMATEURS' HoUR The urge to collect and the self-dis­ over the years has contributed to many (By Andrew Critchton) cipline needed are relatively rare. If fine charitable causes, and its members Any day now the u.s. Senate will take up these two aspects of the collector are unselfishly give of their time to partici- the subject of amateur athletics and this combined with a sense of purpose and pate in patriotic, civic, and community country's participation in international com­ specialization, then the benefit to his­ affairs. The post's "Care Program" en- petition, particularly the Olympics. Sometime tory is often an important one. tertains the retarded, the men~ally ill, later the House will respond with a bill of its I recall the story told of one of De­ the homeless and the aged, and has own. troit's greatest book collectors, Clarence helped residents at institutions such as Without going into past AAU-NCAA­ Burton, the first president of the Detroit the :Juffalo State Hospital West Seneca USOC hassles that unhappily have occupied Historical Society and father of De­ state School for the Reta~ded the Erie this ~untry's athletic bodies for over a dee- ' . · ade, 1t is enough to know that the Senate troit's magnificent Burton collection. County Home, and Infirmary, the Erie will be considering two bills that will P.Ut Before he died at the age of 79 in 1932, County Rehabilitation Center, St. An- the government foursquare in amateur he meticulously filled out in longhand thony's Home, and the United Church sports. One, which the Senate is expected to a form sent to him by the Detroit News Homes for the Aged. approve quickly, would establish a commis- to provide accurate biographical infor- 14658 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 14, 1974 mation for the files. Under the category opposition to H.R. 10294 on February 26, pending national land use legislation in his "Recreation" he set down one of the 1974, when the bill was last considered State of the Union speech in J·anuary of this most masterfal understatements of all by the Rules Committee, and the com­ year, President Nixon stated: "This legisla­ tion would reaffirm that the basic responsi­ times: mittee wisely deferred the granting of a bility for land use decisions rests with state "Work hard at old books," he wrote. rule at that time. and localities, and would provide funds to Last week I remembered the above Opposition to the Udall bill has not encourage them to meet their responsibility." story when I read a Ukrainian-born De­ subsided in the meantime. In fact, I have HR 10294 does not meet this objective. We troit man is donating his entire personal received a letter, dated April 25, 1974, believe that the states and localities must library of 10,000 volumes on Ukrainian from Governor Reagan, urging full con­ develop a balanced approach to land use literature and history to Harvard's sideration of California's position against needs and must maintain a process in order Ukrainian Research Institute. it. In letters to Mr. UDALL and to Chair­ to conserve limited resources. We believe it ls impossible to centralize land use decision The man, Michael Bazansky, 64, a re­ man MADDEN, of the Rules Committee, making at the federal level without: (1) es­ tiree, is a resident of the 14th Congres­ the Governor said: tablishing an arbitrary bureaucratic machin­ sional District, which I represent. We believe it is impossible to centralize ery that would almost guarantee administra­ Under leave to extend my remarks, land use decision making at the federal level tive chaos, or (2) seriously infringing on the an article on Detroiter Michael Bazan­ without: (1) establishing an arbitrary bu­ constitutionally guaranteed concept of pr'i­ sky which appeared in the Detroit Free reaucratic machinery that would almost vate ownership of property. It appears to us Press of May 8, 1974, follows: guarantee administrative chaos, or ( 2) seri­ that the legislative approach contained in oUJsly infringing on the constitutionality these measures would inevitably raise such DETROITER DONATES 10,000 UKRAINIAN BOOKS guaranteed concept of private ownership of constitutional issues. TO HARVARD property. A year ago, in outlining principles to he (By Dennis Von Hatten) used on guidelines for land use legislation A Ukrainian-born Detroit man is donating I am inserting copies of the Governor's in California, I stated that California would his entire personal library, containing · more letter and of his statement in opposition be pleased to implement sound legislation, than 10,000 volumes, to Harvard University's to the Udall bill in the RECORD for the but HR 10294 as written does not meet Ukrainian Research Institute. attention of my colleagues: California's criteria. While we appreciate the Michael Bazansky, 64, has been gathering STATE OF CALIFORNIA, interest in establishing a federal land use books and archives that deal with Ukrainian Sacramento, Calif., April 25, 1974. policy, such a policy should not require fed­ literature and history for 29 years and he Hon. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT, eral infringement in an area of responsi­ estimates that he has spent more than Member of Congress bility reserved to the states and localities. $25,000 on the collection. Longworth House Office Building, Sincerely, Edward Kasinec, in charge of the reference Washington, D .C. RONALD REAGAN, library of the Ukrainian Research Institute, DEAR JOHN: I know you will be in.terested Governor. called Bazansky's library one of the most in the enclosed copies of my statement to significant personal collections of Ukrainian Morris K. Udall, Chairman of the Subcom­ material in the United States. mittee on Environment, and Ray Madden, Bazansky began his collection in 1945 Chairman of the House Rules Committee, LOOK TO THE EAGLE after his release from a German concentra­ regarding the federal land use bill HR 10294 tion camp in Bavaria as a means of "serv­ (Udall). HON. FLOYD SPENCE ing the Ukrainian people." Your full consideration of California's He came to the United States and settled position will be greatly appreciated. OF SOUTH CAROLINA in Detroit in 1949 and became a U.S. citizen Sincerely, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in 1954. RONALD REAGAN, Tuesday, May 14, 1974 Bazansky, retired and living alone on So• Governor. cial Security, was a journalist in Europe and Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, earlier this has worked at various jobs since coming to STATE OF CALIFORNIA, month your very able administrative as­ this country. He is prominent in the Ukrain­ Sacramento, Calif., April 24, 1974. sistant, Charles L. Ward, spoke to the ian community. :W.:r. MORRIS K. UDALL, Officials for the Ukrainian Research Instl· weekly breakfast meeting of the Capitol Chairman, Hill Staff Prayer Group. The subject of tute in Boston contacted Bazansky about Subcommitee on the Environment, two months ago and he decided to donate Washington, D.C. his talk was "Look to the Eagle." the collection, which fills most of his nine­ DEAR MR. UDALL: California recognizes the I have been privileged to read the full room house in northeast Detroit, because he need for the nation and each state and text of Mr. Ward's remarks in which he was getting "too tired to keep it up." locality to develop a land use policy so that gives a brief and interesting summary Bazansky plans to move to the Boston area. land-our most valuable resource-is used of the history and habits of the Ameri­ next year and a. spokesman for the Ukrainian wisely. State and local agencies must de­ Research Institute said he would become can Bald Eagle, our national symbol, and velop balanced environmental, economic and then illustrates how we can better serve connected With the institute in some honor­ social objectives in order to meet this respon­ ary capacity so he would have access to his sibility. This process can best be accomplish­ both God and man by emulating many collection. ed by allowing the states and localities to of the habits of this great bird. I found determine and solve their own land use and his remarks quite inspiring and I would enviromental issues. like to share them with my colleagues SOME GOVERNORS OPPOSE UDALL In attempting to accomplish environment­ and others by inserting them in the REC- LAND USE BILL al goals, federal agency administrators fre­ . ORD at this point. Following is the text quently issue guidelines and regulations of the speech given to the prayer group which attempt to meet national as well as by Mr. Ward, administrative assistant HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT state objectives. Often the effects of this ac­ to the Honorable CARL ALBERT, Speaker OF CALIFORNIA tion is that a "functional feudalist", con­ cerned with only one issue, dictates the land of the House: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES use objectives of states and localities. A fed­ LOOK TO THE EAGLE Tuesday, May 14, 1974 erally mandated "guideline" on land use that Since the American Bald Eagle is our na­ might apply to a non-urban state may not tional symbol, I thought it might be appro­ Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, to­ apply to a complex state like California. that priate this morning to look to the eagle for morrow, May 14, the House Rules Com­ has highly urbanized as well as non-urban, a message. mittee is expected to reconsider H.R. resource-oriented areas. Incidentally, when one of our young people 10294, the Udall Federal land use b111. In California we are taking steps to de­ asked me what I was going to talk about This legislation provides for Federal reg­ velop a mechanism which will provide for the today, I mentioned that I was going to dis­ establishment of statewide environmental, cuss the American eagle. He looked up at ulation and funding of the implementa­ social and economic objectives. This me­ my sun-burned scalp and asked "Isn't the tion of State land use planning and calls chanism is attainable at the state level by American eagle called the Bald eagle?" Ancl for the development of a "national land coordination of functional planning, resolu­ I readily said "yes." use policy." It would permit the Federal tion of local jurisdictional conflicts whlle "How appropriate that you should choose Government to inject itself arbitrarily preserving local authority, and respect for that subject," he said as he tried not to stare into land use decisions which affect the private property rights. at my bald head. The federal government should recognize The eagle is mentioned many times in the rights of property owners and the pros­ California's leadership in this field and work Bible .... One of the most familiar passages pects for development of vital economic to insure that state and local as well as na­ is that one from Isaiah which reads: and energy resources. Several of my col­ tional environmental goals are balanced with "They that wait upon the Lord shall re­ leagues and I forcefully expressed our economic and social goals. In referring to the new their strength, they shall mount up May 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14659 with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not ing it as they mend damage incurred during receive the crown of life which God has be weary; and they shall walk and not faint." their absence. In time, the nests become promised to those who love him." Elsewhere in the Bible we read of charac­ enormous, the largest of any North American The eaglets learn early from the examples teristics of the eagle-its swiftness, its pow­ bird. One nest, occupied for 35 consecutive set by their parents . . . not just what their erful sight, its great powers of flight and years measured 8 Y:i feet across, 12 feet deep parents say to them in their chittering. I its teaching its young to fly. In the 103d and was estimated to weigh two tons. Nests, wonder what sort of example we are to young Psalm, we have a beautiful verse which goes of course, need to be fairly large since the people who are looking at our lives? something like this: young eaglets remain there until they are Many years ago I heard a true story which "Bless the Lord, O my soul, who satisfies three to four months old. made a terrific impact on my own life. A you with good as long as you live, so that The eagle spends more care in the educa­ speaker at a Methodist Men's meeting told your youth is renewed like the eagle's." tion of its young than any other bird in how he had once had a call from an anony­ The eagle is one of the most striking as­ our skies. mous mother who simply let him know that pects of the Great Seal of the United States. At first, the chicks get food popped into she was a widow trying to raise a son and As you may recall from history, the Found­ their mouths, but when they shonld begin to that this son was patterning his life after ing Fathers considered designing a seal of feed themselves the parents tear up a fish this man's. "Don't ever let him down," the such importance that the first committee before the youngsters' eyes to show them how woman begged, and then hung up. This man to undertake this task was appointed on the to do it. Presently, they bring a whole fish said from that day on, every time he saw same day-July 4, 1776-that our Declaration and stand back while the little fellows learn some boys, he wondered if one of them was of Independence was adopted. to quarter it themselves. the lad who was looking to him as his ex­ The first Great Seal committee was com­ In their nursery or nest, eaglets play with ample . . . He wondered how he was meas­ posed of three able and scholarly men­ sticks just as children play with toys and uring up. When temptations came along, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Benja· learn to grasp objects with the talons. Before he always remembered that that boy might min Franklin. In the course of the six years they can fly, they must first pluck out their be watching ... and he would avoid it. that it took to design the Great Seal, three gray down and develop and preen their strong And so, we learn from the eagle the im­ committees joined in the labor. Finally, on white plumage. The young eagles are taught portance of Christian example. June 20, 1782, the Great Seal of the United to exercise every day. Their parents show Another lesson we can note from the early States was adopted by the Continental Con­ them how to jump up and down on the life of the eagle is tllat of exercise and dis­ gress at Philadelphia. The design was new ample platform of their home nest, flapping cipline. The eaglet is born small. He has to and truly American while managing to ex­ their wings. They do this by the hour, develop into the magnificent bird which is press our national awareness of the links squealing and stamping like children in a our national emblem. It takes daily exercise that bound us to the great civilizations of game. All this is preparatory to flying and and discipline. He gets good training from the past. to fly as an eagle flies is something that is his parents. I think it was particularly fitting that the learned, it seems, only by weeks of practice. We are reminded of the Biblical admoni­ American Bald Eagle should have been se­ At last the young eagles make a first tion to train up a child in the way he should lected as the symbol of our land. This noble, terrified flutter frorn the edge of the nest. go and when he is old, he will not depart courageous bird with his eternal vigilance Usually, they tumble back again as fast from it. We are reminded, too, that Jesus w~s. indeed an excellent choice. Lord of the as they can. If they're too slow about trying grew in wisdom and stature and in favor skies, the eagle has stirred the minds of men again, the parents discipline them by with­ with man and God. Are our children getting for ages. More than 3,000 years before Christ, holding food. Tantalizing morsels are this kind of training? Are they getting the Sumerian city of Le gash adopted the dangled just beyond their grasp. When at spiritual exercise as well as physical exer­ bird as its divinity. Later, imperial Rome's last an eaglet completes his first solo flight, cise? Are we reading the Bible together, conquering legions bore standards emblaz­ he gets a reward of food. having family devotionals together, praying oned with eagles. And Napoleon's armies, in As a result of this wonderful home train­ together, going to church together, and, the 19th century, marched under the banner ing, young eagles leaving the nest are better above all, serving our God and our fellow of the eagle. equipped for survival than any other North man together? Although for millenia, eagles had repre­ American bird. In fact, the young bald eagle, Another virtue of the eagle which we may sented imperial power, the bald eagle now during the first year after leaving the nest, want to adopt as Christians is its ability to symbolizes freedom and democracy. Because is considerably larger than either of its par­ "sail above the storm ..." Poets have used it is native only to North America and be­ ents, often having a wing spread as much as the eagle as an inspiration for this quality cause of its great strength, courage and a foot longer. The later reduction in size is through the years. grandeur in flight, the bald eagle was chosen due to the contraction of the bones, and the You know of Christians who because of to be the United States' national symbol. loss of weight is due to strenuous exercise. their deep faiths are able to "sail above the Few Americans are ever very far from But what has all this to do with Christian storm ..." to soar above difficulties and pet- the image of the bald eagle. Besides being living? Why are we discussing the eagle tiness ... to refuse to be done in by what- the central figure in the Great Seal of the at our prayer breakfast this morning? ever Fate has to offer. United States, it appears on all dollar bills, Let's think about some of the points that I think one of the most inspirational tele­ and on many coins, stamps and official doc­ we have already made about the eagle to vision programs I have ever witnessed was uments. It actually appeared on some coins see if there is anything we can apply to our David Frost's interview several years age with even before the adoption of the Great Seal attempts to be better Christians. Rose Kennedy. Here was a woman who dem­ in 1782. As a matter of fact, the first docu­ First, let's note the emphasis the eagle onstrated the eagle's ability to sail above the mented use of the eagle as an American places on home and family. Isn't there a storm and hold her head high. Whait a witness symbol was in 1 776-the same year as our lesson there for us? The eagle maintains his her interview was as she told of her deep Decliaration of Independence-when Mas­ nest as his home, practically all of his life faith ... of her complete lack of bitterness sachusetts engraved it on a copper cent. which averages about 30 years. He builds a or malice over the fact that two of her fine In 1787, it appeared on a New York copper firm foundation ... as Jesus directed us sons have been murdered ... of her refusal and on two new coppers of Massachusetts. to do in his Sermon on the Mount. to judge others but simply to concern herself In later years, the eagle became even more One eagle's nest found on a rock off the with her own life and that of her children popular, appearing on sU ver dollars, half California coast, contained several wagon­ and grandchildren. dollars and the quarter. Gold coins were ac­ loads of sticks and leaves. Coarse branches The eagle also demonstrates independence tually christened eagle, half eagle, quarter sometimes six feet long formed the breast­ and certainly this is a characteristic of our eagle, and the double eagle. works of this bird castle. Within, it was American spirit. God wants each of us to be Today, our national bird is found almost lined with soft grasses, moss and feathers. individuals and to develop the talents which everywhere except in one place-aloft in its Just as the eagle's home is built on a firm he has given only to us ... talents that no native skies. For almost two decades, the foundation of materials, it also is built on one else has at all. At the same time, he wants number of bald eagles has shown a steady a firm foundation of love. The eagle parents us always to know that we can depend on decline as advancing civilization, illegal proudly demonstrate their love and loyalty him even while being independent. As a mat­ shooting and poisons poured into our to each other. They remain faithful to each ter of fact, our dependence on God is really waters take their toll. Should this tragic other until death parts them. During the what makes it possible for us to be independ­ trend continue, the harsh, creaking cackle 35 days it takes to hatch their eggs, they ent. God guides us in the right paths. "Thi~. of the bald eagle may be heard no more take time about on the nest. Without stir­ is the way-walk ye in it" he directs us. and our country's symbol may be vanished ring, one bird will sit as long as 72 patient I think God wants us to think for ourselves from our land. hours. When weary it will signal the mate and not to be led meekly like a herd of sheep. Fortunately, Congress took steps in 1940 with a chittering sound. Then the change It may not be particularly easy to stand up to protect the bald eagle by passing the of guard will be made swiftly. and make your own opinion heard, but in a National Emblem Law which banned the When the baby eaglets arrive in the nest, democracy each individual must accept that molesting or killing of birds anywhere in the they, too, are treated with love and affection, responsibility. This type of courage-to do then 48 states. Even under ideal circum­ but it is accompanied by strong discipline. what you believe is right even if it means you stances, adult bald eagles reproduce slowly, The parents direct the training program, will be very unpopular-is the most impor­ laying only two eggs on the average per aimed at preparing them for when they de­ tant quality that any one individual can year. Unlike many other birds, bald eagles part from the nest. As James writes in his possess. mate for life, and they generally return to letter "Blessed is the man who endures Courage, of course, is only one side of the the same nest each year, gradually enlarg- trial, for when he has stood the test, he will coin. We must also be willing to commit our- 14660 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 14, 1974 selves to our beliefs and to maintain that and once again big business has racked commitment even when the going gets tough. 1st quarter percent up impressive sales and profit gains. increase, 1974/1973 This type of perserverance, of course, rules After-tax· profits of the 890 companies out any easy "cop-out." Like, the eagle, we Sales Profits may not have had any choice in the circum­ surveyed by Business Week were up a. stances into which we were born, but if life solid 16 percent over the same period of Morton,Norwich Products e______28 7 is not as fair or as just as we would like it to 1973. Among the big winners: metals, up Pfizer______26 33 be, it is our responsibility to do something 94 percent; natural resources-fuel, up Richardson-Merrell 6 _____ ------7 9 about it .. . not just to complain and let 82 percent; oil service and supply, up 62 Robins (A. H.>------12 9 Rorer-Amchem ______12 O George do it. percent; food retailing, up 59 percent; Schering-Plough______..14 16 Jesus tells us that each of us must let our and real estate, up 47 percent. Searle (G.D.)______13 16 lights so shine before men that they may see From the consumers' standpoint the SmithKline______14 12 our good works and give glory to our Father Squibb·------14 13 which is in Heaven. We must be doers of the first 3 months of 1974 have been an eco­ t~i~hnl~rug.:::::::::::::::::::: ~~ M word and not bearers only. nomic disaster: Warner-Lambert______9 10 Another lesson we can le!\rn from the eagle The rate O·f inflation on an annualized is that we must be vigilant ... as a nation basis was up 14.5 percent. Industry composite ______---1-6____ 16 and as individuals. On the Great Seal, the Spendable earnings were down 4. 7 per­ eagle is depicted as holding a branch of 13 cent. 1 1st quarter ending Feb.28. green olive leaves and seeds in his right talon. The prime interest rate was the high­ 2 1st quarter endingJan. 31. The olive branch has long been a symbol of 3 2d quarter endin11 Mllr. 31. peace. In the left claw are 13 arrows which est on record: 101/4 percent and rising. • 2d quarter ending Feb. 28. Most disturbing for the America.n con­ 5 2d quarter ending Jan. 31. symbolize war. But the head of the American a 3d quarter ending Mar. 31. eagle is always turned towards the olive sumer are the food sector :figures. Despite 7 3d quarter ending Feb. 28. branch, indicating a desire for peace even administiation cries that food prices are s 3d quarter ending Jan. 31. during war. The arrows serve as a, :reminder beginning to drop, it is becoming all too o 4th quarter ending Mar. 31. to any and all that we will not hesitate to 10 4th quarter ending Feb. 28. obvious that food middlemen are not 11 4th quarter ending Jan. 31. defend our~lv~s if the need arises. passing farm price reductions on to the **Sales include other income. In our own lives, we find that this philoso­ NM: not meaningful. phy can serve as an excellent guide. No one consumer and instead are filling their Data investors Management Sciences. wants to create problems, but if they do pockets with extra profits. arise, we must not shirk making the hard The time has come for a reassessment SURVEY OF CORPORATE PERFORMANCE, lST QUARTER 1974 decisions that sometimes will be required. of the President's forfeited economic Our country :t_as faced many hard decisions game plan, and a time for the reimposi­ in the course of our 198-year history. Dur­ 1st quarter percent tion of a price control scheme, simila~ to increase, 1974/1973 ing that time, the eagle has symbolized the one I proposed last month, that will al­ character of a. nation which is determined to low Americans to continue to pu,rchase Sales Profits be free but which is also willing to accept the responsibility that our liberty entails. the items they need without first having to go to the bank. All industry composite ______24 16 In First Peter, we arf'! urged to be sober Oil service and supply ______35 and to be vigilant; because our adversary I include herewith a summary, by in­ Aerospace ______• ______------_ 62 Air Ii nes ______• ___ • ______20 19 the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, dustry, of the May 11 Business Week 15 NM seeking who he may devour. As Christians survey, and a detailed breakdown of the Appliances •• ______------______7 -34 Automotive_------_____ ------11 -71 we must indeed be vigilant as the eagle ... food retail and processing industries for Banks and bank holding companies ____ _ 53 12 Quickly, now, let me review some of the the benefit of my colleagues and other Beverages ____ ------19 9 characteristics of the eagle which I have Building materials_------16 12 readers of the RECORD who may be in Chemicals. ___ ------23 41 touched on this morning. He's persistent and Conglomerates ______------doubt of the need to restore order at the Containers. ______.______18 26 patient, he's responsible, he's independent supermarket. 22 43 and industrious, he's courageous and he's Dryers ______------_ 16 16 energetic. The items follow: Electrical, electronics ______14 6 Food processing_------24 17 Let's put the first letters of each of these Food and lodging ______characteristics together and see what we get: DETAILED BREAKDOWN OF FOOD RETAIL AND PROCESSING 16 -12 SECTORS IN BUSINESS WEEK SURVEY GeneralInstrument_ machinery _____ ._._. __ ------______20 19 P for persistence and patience, R for re­ 18 4 sponsibility, I for independence and in­ Leisure time industries ______12 -17 Metals and mining ______33 94 dustriousness; C for courage and E for ener­ 1st quarter percent Miscellaneous manufacturing ______increase, 1974/1973 17 11 getic. PRICE-Price-and these elements Natural resources ______------76 82 truly are the price of living in a free society Sales Profits Nonbank financial_ __ ------4 -3 and preserving that society for our children Office equipment computers ______19 23 Paper _____ -- ____ • _------__ 20 37 and our children's children . . . for passing Personal care products ______Retailing (food) : 22 9 a.long the Christian heritage which is ours. Albertson's 11______16 9 Publishing ____ • ______------_ 10 12 Winston Churchill once said: Bayless (A.J.) Markets______14 15 Radio and TV broadcasting ______12 10 Borman's u______9 -30 Railroads __ •• ______------16 "To every man there comes in his life time Real estate housing ______39 that special moment when he is figuratively Colonial Stores______19 38 24 47 Dillion 25 28 Retailing (food>------­ 14 59 tapped on the shoulder and offered the fisher 6------Foods______29 35 Retailing (nonfood) __ ------_ 9 3 chance to do a very special thing, unique to Food Fair Stores 6______11 29 Savings and loan·------11 -9 him and fitted to his talents. Great Atlantic & Pac. Tea1 •------6 NM Service Industries ___ ------28 30 Jewel 11 ______· ---- 8 10 Special machinery __ ------13 -8 "What a tragedy if that moment finds him Kroger______15 163 Steel _____ • ______--_---- ___ ---- 22 43 unprepared or unqualified for the work lucky Stores ______16 -4 Textiles and appare'------12 17 which would be his finest hour." National Tea______26 NM Tire and rubber______12 7 Tobacco __ • ______------__ Let's look to the eagle and to Christ for Penn Fruit'------2 NM 16 1 Pneumo Dynamics 1______•• 22 269 Trucking ______------_ 17 23 our inspiration to be prepared for our own Utilities ______Pueblo International------16 NM 15 4 finest hour. Safeway Stores______18 35 May we pray: Southland _____ ------•• 17 21 Star Supermarkets ______23 156 Heavenly Father, teach us to be as coura­ Stop & Shop 11______9 -2 METRIC CONVERSION MUST BE geous and noble in our Christian service as Supermarkets Genera111______8 10 FAIR TO AMERICANS is the majestic bald eagle, symbol of our Weis Markets______17 28 Winn-Dixie Stores 6______25 34 land. Amen. ------Industry composite------===14====59 Food processing: Baked goods, canned HON. RICHARD F. VANDERVEEN BIG BUSINESS BOOMS AGAIN IN and packaged food: OF MICHIGAN Alexander & Baldwin ______13 -37 FIRST QUARTER 1974-BUT WHAT American Maize-Products ______31 -12 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ABOUT THE CONSUMER? Amstar s------~------57 99 Arizona-Colorado land & Cattle ___ _ **48 29 Beatrice Foods 10 ______25 16 Tuesday, May 14, 1974 HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM Borden. ____ ------______------23 15 Brewer (C.>------27 -5 Mr.VANDERVEEN. Mr. Speaker, on OF NEW YORK CPC lnternationaL ______36 12 Damon'------17 16 May 7, the House of Representatives IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ICN Pharmaceuticals 1 ______6 -89 voted not to suspend the rules and did Johnson & Johnson ______20 19 Tuesday, May 14, 1974 lilly (Eli) ______------__ _ 13 16 not pass H.R. 11035, the proposed Metric Mallinckrodt Chemical Works ______19 31 Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, the re­ Merck ______------14 15 Conversion Act. I voted against passage sults are in for the first quarter of 1974, Miles Laboratories ______7 1 of the b111, even though I do favor the May 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14661 eventual conversion of the United States PETROLEUM INDUSTRY TAXES AND this revenue would be offset by tax cuts to the metric system. PROFITABil.,ITY for the public. The Government's appe­ The bill had been granted an open tite for money is just too large. rule permitting debate and amendments. Will it bring lower prices for g·asoline Thus, my vote against the bill was a vote HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE and other petroleum products? To the against the procedure whereby this im­ OF TEXAS contrary, since higher taxes will increase portant legislation was called up-a pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the industry's costs of doing business, the cedure which did not permit full debate Tuesday, May 14, 1974 likely result would be to push fuel prices and the incorporation of needed progres­ even higher. Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, it is ex­ sive amendments. pected that in the next few days the Finally, would higher taxes lead to in­ The United States, if we are to remain House will be considering the Oil and creased supplies of energy? Once again, competitive in world markets must con­ Gas Energy Tax Act of 1974, H.R. 14462, just the opposite is true. Any money that vert to the measurement system used by which would among other things, first, Congress taxes away from the oil indus­ every important ~ndustrial and trading phase out percentage depletion; second, try will naturally reduce the amount of power engaged in international com­ impose a windfall profits tax on sales money the companies have to invest in merce. Those nations which do not use of crude oil; and third, adopt adverse efforts to increase energy supplies. A the metric system, are not in the front changes in the U.S. taxation of foreign­ few months ago thousands of people were rank of commercial exchange. source income derived from petroleum thrown out of work due to energy short­ The question, Mr. Speaker, is not operations. Prior to the floor considera­ ages. I do not believe the Congress should whether the United States should make tion of this legislation, the Democratic be taking steps to make these shortages this conversion; the question is whether Caucus will be asked to instruct the return and thereby increase unemploy­ we should make this conversion in an Rules Committee to report a rule cover­ ment. So, as far as the public is con~ uncoordinated, unplanned, and piece­ ing H.R. 14462, which would authorize cerned, increasing the oil industry's taxes meal fashion, with the prolonged incon­ floor amendments to the legislation de­ will just mean less energy at higher venience, expense, and competitive dis­ signed to make the bill substantially prices and loss of more jobs, and if the advantage that entails. Conversion has more onerous than as reported by the people really understood this, I doubt if already begun. Many U.S. industrial Committee on Ways and Means. you would be getting much mail urging giants are already implementing this The timing of my remarks today is di­ you to raise oil company taxes. change-a change they realize is an rected to the pendency of that Demo­ So why are we considering legislation economic imperative-a change to keep cratic Caucus. Ordinarily, I would wait to increase the taxes of the oil industry? them competitive in world markets. A until the legislation which concerns me, Some argue that the industry does not number of school systems are converting the Oil and Gas Energy Tax Act of 1974, pay its fair share of taxes. If I thought t.heir textbooks to teach the metric sys­ has reaiched the floor prior to expressing this was true, then I would be the first tem. Clearly, we need the timing, and my views regarding it. However, the fact to say let us raise their taxes. But when ooordinated planning that a national that consideration will soon be given to you look at the total tax burden of the policy and administrative mechanism for the formulation of a rule making it an oil industry-the total taxes these com­ metric conversion would bring. order to offer amendments tha.t are even panies pay to local, State, and Federal Mr. Speaker, the open rule, with 1 more detrimental to an important seg­ governments in this country-and com­ hour of debate still stands with regard ment of the energy industry, I am pare these taxes to oil industry pretax to H.R. 11035. The leadership can call prompted to express my views at this income from U.S. operations, you find up the bill for consideration under this time. I would like to discuss briefly some that the U.S. oil industry is paying its rule. I urge that this be done and that views concerning petroleum industry fair share of taxes, and then some. And the House be permitted to make changes taxation and profitability. when you compare the oil industry's in the bill which will lessen the incon­ Mr. Speaker, I am sure many in Con­ worldwide pretax income to its world­ venience and expense to the American gress would love to sock it to the oil in­ wide taxes, you find the industry is very workingman and American industry. dustry by greatly increasing the indus­ heavily taxed. Amendments have been proposed try's taxes. One of the foremost targets With respect to the petroleum industry ~ hich would improve the bill consider­ these taxers would have would likely be ably. They include conversion loans for tax burden, the Chase Manhattan Bank the depletion allowance. After all, to in a recent special economic report based small business-worker assistance pro­ many people the depletion allowance is grams for individual retooling-and ex­ on a financial survey of a group of pe­ synonymous with loophole. Now that the troleum companies had the following to tending from 10 to 15 years the period industry's profits are higher and the to complete national conversion. Mr. say about the tax record of the 30 com­ public is mad about shortages of gaso­ panies included in the survey: Speaker, these amendments are needed, line and other fuels, it would be hard to if we are not to place an unfair :financial Clearly, governments are benefiting far find a more politically popular idea than more from the operations of the companies burden on small businesses and the work­ raiding the corporate coffers of the oil than the companies themselves. In the ing man. Replacing tools used by car­ companies. United States alone, total direct taxes rose penters, machinists, auto mechanics, But what would be the real effect of by 33.1 percent in 1973 compared with the draftsmen, and other workers and pro­ any move to greatly increase the oil in­ 19.1 percent gain in profits. Income taxes fessionals, would cost from several hun­ dustry's taxes? What would it mean to were up 72.9 percent. Over the past five years dred to several thousand dollars. To ex­ the American people? After all, we are direct taxes in the United States increased pect these Americans to pay out of their by 1,343 million dollars or 65.2 percent com­ here to represent the best interests of pared with the profit gain of 441 million dol­ pocket for a national policy of metric all the American people-and that meians lars or 11.3 percent. Income taxes alone in­ conversion is manifestly unfair and the working, consuming, taxpaying pub­ creased by 804 million dollars or 97.2 percent counterproductive. lic. during that period. Conversion can and must be accom­ I believe we can agree that the best In addition to the direct taxes they pay, plished in a smooth and coordinated interests of the American people require the companies transfer to governments an fashion all across the land. However, this an adequate supply of energy. Not en­ enormous amount of money in the form of conversion can be done and must be done excise taxes. In 1973 the excise taxes ergy so cheap and plentiful that it can amounted to 26.4 billion dollars-10.1 billion in such a way that the Nation, as a whole, be carelessly wasted, but enough to meet in the United States and 16.3 billion in the bears the burden. We will all benefit from the people's needs for energy in their rest of the world. The total taxes taken in this conversion; we should, therefore, all jobs, their homes, and their cars-at the by governments as a result of the group's share in the expense entailed. lowest possible prices that will result in operations in 1973 amounted to 47.2 billion Mr. Speaker, I support metric con­ this energy being produced. dollars--13.5 billion in the United States version. But that conversion will be fair How would increasing oil industry and 33.7 billion in the rest of the world. Of and equitable only if it is accomplished taxes help the American working, con­ the total taxes paid, the major portion went to the governments of the petroleum im­ in the ways I have suggested. Again, I suming, and taxpaying public? porting nations. Indeed, the tax receipts of urge that the House be permitted to de­ Will it reduce their taxes? In the short government in the United States alone ex­ bate and amend this legislation under run, it would surely bring more money to ceeded those of all the major producing the rule already granted. the Federal Government, but I doubt that countries together. Compared with the year 14662 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 14, 1974 before, the tax revenue of governments in­ ity a little above average. This year oil ing in frontier areas such as Alaska and creased by 9.4 billion dollars. Over the past industry profits appear to be going even offshore. five years governments took in 172.7 billion higher. dollars in taxes. The profits of the com­ Whether or not you buy this high-risk panies over the same period amounted to There are some basic economic laws argument, it seems to me that the Con­ 39.2 billion dollars. By any test, governments that Congress cannot repeal. One of these gress can be credited with adding greatly have fared exceedingly well. laws is that the supply of any commodity to the risks of investing in the oil busi­ It should be readily apparent that the is directly related to the amount of ness. By singling out this industry for more money governments take from the money spent to provide it. Another is punitive legislation just because it starts companies in the form of taxes the less that investment capital seeks its most making a better return on its invest­ there is available for capital investment. profitable employment. So if we want ment, the Congress is telling investors When governments increase taxes they re­ more energy, we should not pursue puni­ to put their money in soft drinks, real duce profits and thereby create an immediate tive and discriminatory tax policy need for the companies to offset the loss by estate, cosmetics, electronics, or some raising petroleum prices in an effort to re­ against the petroleum industry. Todqy, other business where they can earn a store their profits. But, if governments apply energy production seems to represent a better profit without attracting the price controls or otherwise limit profits, the competitively a,ttractive investment. Left scorn of the Nation's new commentators companies cannot offset the loss of capital alone, this opportunity will attract new and politicians. funds caused by the tax increase and they competitors and large amounts of risk It has been said the industry's profits are then forced to curtail their capital in­ ca!)ital. Energy production will increase vestment. Obviously, the companies cannot for the first quarter of this year will be invest money they do not have. and, eventually, market forces will bring "obscene." I have always heard the test prices and profits back down. of obscenity is whether a thing has re­ Mr. Speaker, some people argue that However, if we insist in interfering deeming social value. So what is likely the petroleum industry is now reaping with the marketplace by adding new tax to happen to the oil industry's profits? so-called "windfall profits" and should burdens to the oil industry that, in effect, Can anyone doubt that petroleum in­ not be allowed to keep the increased cash put a ceiling on the industry's profit­ dustry profits will be used to improve our flow for its own use. According to this ability, we will really just be locking our­ Nation's critical energy situation? Can argument, the industry's profits are too selves into a condition of permanent anyone doubt that there is redeeming high. But let me ask my colleagues this: shortages of domestic energy and con­ social value in such an imperative Too high in relation to what? Back in tinued dependence on high cost and un­ undertaking? the fifties the oil companies were earning reliable imports. We will aggravate rath­ To put recent developments concern­ a better return than most industries, and er than ameliorate our energy problems. ing oil industry profitability is some we h . d people looking for oil all over this Any industry's profits must be high perspective, let us look at some revealing country. But during the sixties and early enough to attract investment capital. facts. At this point in the RECORD, I seventies, the oil industry's return on in­ Now the oil companies like to talk about would like to include a table comparing vestment has been usually lower than, their being in a high-risk business. earnings in the first quarter and fourth and never much different from, the re­ When they do this, they usually bring quarters of 1973 with first quarter 1974 turn of other manufacturing industries. out their charts and graphs showing all earnings. This table also provides a Last year, the oil industry's profits im­ the dry holes they drill before. they find succinct comment explaining significant proved, and this pushed their profitabil- a producer, and the high costs of explor- factors in influencing the data:

lST QUARTER EARNINGS DATA FOR SELECTED PETROLEUM COMPANIES [Dollars in millions)

4th 1st quarter quarter------Company 1973 1974 1973 Percent Comment

Ashland ______------______- - - _- - - $34 $19 $16 19 Increase attributable to causes other than petroleum operations. Amerada-Hess_------___ --- ____ 132 50 37 35 4th quarter 1973 included nonrecurring item. ARCO ____ ------92 94 50 87 Most of increase derived from foreign operations and chemical operations. Capital budget for 1974 exceeds $1,000,000,000. Citgo ______• ------42 69 37 87 Capital and exploration expenditures 1st quarter 1974-$100,000,000 Conoco _____ ------__ ------89 109 48 127 Most of increas_e from foreign operations and inventories. 1st quarter capital spending: $191,000 000 compared to $73,000,000 in 1st quarter 19,73. ' Exxon ___ ------_____ ------_------787 705 508 39 Most of increase from foreign operations; U.S. increase 16 percent. Also, inventory adjustment. Capital spending up 52 percent to $782,000,000 for 1st quarter. Getty __ ------52 74 33 124 72 percent o~ increase from !oreign op_erations. Ca~ital sp_ending is up. Gulf ___ ------230 290 165 76 Increase attributable to foreign operations: domestic earnings from petroleum declined Marathon ______----- ___ ------68 31 20 55 Increase entirely foreiRn. Capital expenditures in 1st quartP.t-$75 000 000 • Mobil_------_ ---- ______- _- __ -- 272 259 156 66 Petroleum operations increase: U.S. 33 percent. foreign 63 percent. '1974 exploration and capital outlays will exceed $1,500,000.000: over% in the United States. Murphy_------19 27 8 238 Increase largely foreign operations. Occidental ______------24 68 8 750 Principal part of increase came from nonpetroleum operations. Phillips_ - _--- ______------87 81 43 88 Increase derived ~l percent from U.S. operations and 69 percent foreign. 1974 capital expenditures will be 3 times 1973 earnings. Shell______------79 122 80 53 Capital e~penditure~-$307,000,000, 2~ times 1st quarter earnings. Skelly ______------17 20 10 100 1974 capital expend1tures-$160-170,000,000. S\andatd o! California ______284 293 153 92 Increase is from foreign o~erations and nonrecurring inventory effect. Capital expenditures in 1st quarter of 1974 was $370,000,000: up 7 percent. Standard of Indiana ______121 219 121 81 U.S. pet_roleum op_erations up 34 p_ercent. Di~ect taxes up 131 percent. Higher foreign oil earnings and increased ch~m1c~I operations: Annual capital spending, $1,400,000,000. Sohio ______- __ ------12 23 18 28 Ear~ings increase attnbuJable to all aspects of company operations except domestic petroleum. Sun ______--_------75 91 49 86 Capital an~ expl. expenditures 19_74 ~st quarter-:-$120,000,000. Cf. 1st quarter 1973 of $20,000,000. Texaco ______--_- 415 589 264 123 Nearl~ % mcreas_e from nonrecurring inventory adJustment. Without inv. adj., U.S. operations declined 15 percent capital expend1tures-$475,000,000. ' Union ______----- __ - ______------51 73 38 92 1st quarter 1974 capital and expl. expenditures-$85,000,000 with an annual C. & E. exp. program of $350,000,000. Tota'------2, 982 3,306 1,862 78

Mr. Speaker, for most of these firms ports which explain significant factors in acquisitions are sold first (first-in, first-out, listed in the foregoing table, the major their first-quarter earnings records: or FIFO) , as opposed to the method which source of profit growth was in foreign assumes that the last acquired inventories PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF OIL INDUSTRY PROFIT are disposed of first (last-in, first-out, or operations. Profit growth in the United GROWTH: FmsT QUARTER 1974 LIFO) . During a period of rising prices, the States was relatively small or minimal In general, earnings improvement in the stated profits o! a company using the FIFO for most of these companies and, in at year-to-year comparison was ascribed to method tend to be inflated because the prod­ least one instance, domestic earnings de­ three ma.in factors: ucts sold can be replaced only at much high· clined despite an increase in overall prof­ 1. Inventory profits resulting from valua­ er cost. Comment on this point by several its. The following resume sets forth com­ tion of inventories by many companies by companies: ments from the companies' earnings re- the method which assumes that the oldest "The division's earnings, which reflect con- May 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14663 tinuing use of the first-in, first-out method "The Western Hemisphere Petroleum Di­ ceeded $300 million during the quarter."­ of valuing inventories, were approximately vision's earnings increased primarily due to Gulf Oil Corporation $65 million higher than 1f inventories had improved prices for crude oil, natural gas, "Swearingen cited as an example Stand­ been valued on the alternative last-in first­ and refined products. Increased exploration ard's bonus commitments to the Federal out method."-Continental Oil Company expenses and higher operating costs par­ Government during the first quarter of 1974 "In many of our principal markets abroad, tially offset these benefits."-Continental Oil of $230 million for offshore leases in the Gulf the first quarter results were affected by the Company of Mexico and for shale properties in Colo­ sale of relatively low cost year-end 1973 in­ "Mobil's U.S. earnings from petroleum op­ rado. This amount a.lone exceeds first quar­ ventories at prices reflecting, in part, the erations increased from $49 million in the ter earnings. And bear in mind these pay­ higher crude oil costs. The first quarter earn­ first quarter of 1973 to $66 million in the ments are only for the right to begin ex­ ings include an estimated $80 million, or first quarter of this year. Under government ploration and development activities. Huge $0.36 a share, related to this item which is price controls, the average selling price of additional expenditures wlll be needed to not expected to recur. A large portion of our U.S. crude oil produced by Mobll in the first develop these properties, he said.''-Stand­ inventories abroad are required to be main­ quarter of 1974 increased by approximately ard Oil Company (Indiana) tained at specified levels by the various host $3 per barrel from the first quarter of 1973."­ Company comments on the profit outlook governments. Sales in the first quarter re­ Mobil Oil Corporation for the remainder of the year are generally quired immediate replacement with much "The U.S. government policies designed to favorable, although a reduction in the growth higher priced material. This is not unlike stimulate development of domestic oll and of profits is anticipated. This slowing in sale of a low-cost private home at a sub­ gas production resulted in higher prices be­ growth is already apparent in comparisons stantial profit only to find that the cost of ginning in the fall of 1973. The impact of with the final quarter of 1973. The effect of replacement housing is as high or even high• this action more than offset the effect of higher costs of crude oil, rising costs of ex­ er than the sales prices of the old home.''­ sales volume decline in the first quarter."­ ploration and operations and increasing sev­ Exxon Corporation Exxon Corporation erance taxes are among the reasons that the "Marathon's earnings improvement in the 3. Higher returns from worldwide chemical rate of profit improvement is not expected first three months of the year was entirely operations: to continue. attributable to the company's foreign opera­ "Chemical earnings totaled $94 million as "The increased costs for replenishing stocks tions. A major portion of the earnings ad­ compared with $33 m111ion in the first quar­ are being included in the company's inven­ vance overseas was due to a non-recurring ter of 1973. The improvement reflected in­ tories as of March 31 and will be charged profit derived from sales of low-cost inven­ creased volumes and higher realizations as against future earnings as actual sales are tories which have subsequently been replaced worldwide demand for chemical products made. Thus, the inventory profits realized at higher costs."-Marathon Oil Company strained the industry's production capa­ during this period will not recur in subse­ "Mobil utilizes the average cost inventory bility."-Exxon Corporation quent quarters."-Texaco Inc. accounting method in its foreign operations. "Mobll's earnings from worldwide chem­ "The exceptionally favorable results in the Under this method, income is charged with ical operations increased sharply over a year first quarter of this year are not indicative an average of current costs and historic ago, totaling $18 million compared with $5 of the earnings gain anticipated for the full costs. If Mobil had charged foreign income million in the first quarter of 1973. The ma­ year 1974. A major part of the first-quarter with current costs, its first-quarter earnings jor pa.rt of this increase resulted from in­ earnings gain came from the Eastern Hemis­ would have been lower by about $90 mll· creased prices for chemical products, chiefly phere Petroleum Division, which benefitted lion."-Mobll Oil Corporation petrochemicals, . . ."-Mobil Oil Corpora­ from the sale of year-end 1973 inventories "This was attributable to steeply rising tion at prices which moved upward during the prices realized for petroleum products refined "The principal factors in the increase were quarter largely in response to crude oil cost from relatively low cost crude oil which en­ higher crude oil prices and improved per­ increases that became effective January 1. tered our integrated system months ago."­ formance of chemical operations."-Shell 011 Essentially all the division's lower-cost in· Murphy Oil Corporation Company ventories were sold during the first quarter "In assessing these increased profits," "Earnings from worldwide chemical oper­ so that gains from this source are not pro­ Haynes said, "it is important to understand ations amounted to $26 milUon, an increase jected for the remainder of the year.''-Con­ that over 70% of our petroleum inventories of $16 million over the initial quarter of tinental Oil Company are accounted for on a first-in, first-out 1973."-Standard Oil Company (Indiana) method; thus the much higher cost of our Additional causes of profit improvement Mr. Speaker, all of the companies in­ new raw materials was capitalized as an in­ included receipts from higher tanker rates, cluded in this resume announced sharply ventory asset, rather than being charged extraordinary credits and other non-recur­ increased capital and exploration spend­ against current profit. rent items. Thus: ing budgets for 1974. And since the en­ "If all of our inventories had been ac­ "The conversion of foreign currency profit­ ergy shortage is the No. 1 domestic prob­ counted for on a last-in, first-out basis­ and-loss statements into U.S. dollars had the lem facing our country today, I think it that is, current cost related to current rev­ effect of increasing Mobil's first-quarter 1974 would be hard to find a better use for enue--our company would have had essen­ dollar earnings from foreign operations by these funds. tially no increase in profits in the quarter about $20 million compared to the corre­ as compared with the year earlier period."­ sponding period of 1973. While the dollar I believe our present energy problems Standard Oil of California. was somewhat stronger during the first are largely the result of Government in­ "Foreign petroleum operations benefited quarter than it had been during 1973, it ter!erence in the marketplace, starting from improved margins on product sales in was weaker on average than it had been in with the regulation of natural gas well­ Western Europe, particularly the Scandi­ the first quarter of 1973."-Mobil Oil Cor­ head prices. Therefore, the answer to our narian countries, and higher price levels on poration problems is not more Government inter­ the crude oil the company produced for it­ Heightened investment activity, stimu­ ference, but less. self. Significant gains were shown from lated by increased earnings, was reported by Gulf's operations in Canada and Latin Amer­ Looking at the Oil and Gas Energy a number of companies. Several of the firms Tax Act from this perspective, I would ica and from expanded sales of bunker fuel. reported current first-quarter capital in­ Continued improvements from the com­ vestment substantially higher than current close with these few comments. I oppose pany's tanker fleet also benefited earnings. earnings and well above such expenditures the windfall profits tax on both philo­ "Gulf's inventories of crude oil and petro­ in the comparable 1973 period. sophical and practical grounds. Philo­ leum products are valued at average cost ap­ "Conoco's first-quarter capital expendi­ sophically, I do not believe it is right to plied on a last-in, first-out (LIFO) basis, ex­ tures were $191.2 mllllon compared with single out a particular industry for a cept 1n Canada. This means that the com­ $72.8 million in the comparable quarter last windfall profits tax when many other in­ pany charges against its earnings today's year."-Continental 011 Company dustries are earning returns on their in­ high cost of crude oil rather than the lower "The profit increase generated additional vestments that are as high or higher. If cost of oil remaining in its inventories from funds for investments. Exxon's capital and earlier periods. Some other companies use the exploration expenditures totaled $782 million any industry's profits get too high, this first-in, first-out (FIFO) method of inven­ for the first quarter of 1974, an increase of situation can be corrected much more tory accounting, which inflates current prof­ $267 million or 62 percent over the first effectively by the competitive forces of a its while postponing the full impact of esca­ quarter of 1973."-Exxon Corporation free market than by Congress continually lating world crude oil costs."-Gulf Oil Cor­ "The improved level of profitability reaf­ rewriting the tax laws. Practically, as I poration firms Gulf's decisi.ons to commit about $2 said earlier, this tax would mean less 2. Relatively minor increases in U.S. profits billion during 1974 on new capital projects. energy at higher prices. from higher prices authorized for new, re­ . . . During the first three months of 1974, I admit it is debatable whether or not leased and stripper-well oil. These profits Gulf's expenditures for exploration and other were partially offset by the lag, due to federal capital projects totaled nearly ~400 m1llion, the depletion allowance is a good thing regulations, in recovering the costs of high­ an amount which far exceeded earnings dur­ for the Nation or even for the oil indus­ priced imported crude oil and in some cases ing the period. By comparison, only $164 try. Some people view percentage deple­ from reduced domestic operations because million was spent on such projects during tion a Government subsidy for consum­ of insufficient raw material. As indicated in the first quarter of 1973. ers, because, historically, competition has the following illustrative citations: "Capital expenditures within the U.S. ex- forced the oil companies to pass this tax CXX--924-Part 11 :14664 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 14, 1974 break along w consumers in the form of work has reached the moon, cured dis­ control over taxes and Social security, it lower prices. Otherwise, the industry's eases, and discovered atomic energy. would lose its jurisdiction over foreign trade, return on investment would have been Their feelings of consciousness shape us health insurance, unemployment compensa­ tion, work incentive programs, and general higher than it has been in relation to in­ to aid others by becoming firefighting revenue sharing. dustries without a depletion allowance. volunteers and raising money for the There are some parts of the plan with But the percentage depletion allow­ Cancer Fund. Knowledge gajned from which we disagree. The elimination of the ance is almost as old as the income tax our forefathers' efforts, will rebuild tor­ Internal Security Committee, long a target law itself, and it is deeply ingrained into nado ravaged Xenia, provide new sources of House liberals, should be dropped. With the economics of the oil industry. It is of energy, and discover and learn from terrorism and political kidnapping on the especially important to the independent tragedies like Watergate. America's vet­ rise everywhere, this committee has an im­ oil and gas producers, who depend heav­ terans, who have given their last meas­ portant role. It should be retained. On the whole, however, the reorganization ily on raising capital from outside in­ ure of devotion to their country, sustain is eminently sensible and long overdue. No vestors to finance their risky drilling pro­ these ideals that create a strong America. reform worthy of the name is going to satis­ grams. So, for practical reasons, I do not This Memorial Day we will reflect on fy everyone. Some toes must be stepped on. believe now is a good time to be trying those individuals whose knowledge pre­ The archaic structure of the House and its to restructure the economics of oil and pares us to meet today's crises. As each proliferation of subcommittees (132) must gas exploration and production, without flower is placed, each parade enjoyed, be streamlined if it is to perform effectively each ceremony observed let us acknowl­ in our increasingly complex society. We really knowing what the results of this would urge the House Democrats to bring action would be. edge the world these individuals have the reform resolution to the floor where it We hear a lot about the long-term created. can be discussed and most of its provisions energy problem, which is really awesome. approved. But we have also got a short-term prob­ lem, and over the next several years in­ AN OVERDUE OVERHAUL creasing domestic oil and gas production TWENTIETH ANNIVERSARY is one of the few ways to ease this prob­ DINNER DANCE lem. So this just is not the time to change HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN the tax laws in ways that will scare off OF ILLINOIS investors who might otherwise put their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. LESTER L. WOLFF money in the domestic oil and gas busi­ Tuesday, May 14, 1974 OF NEW YORK ness. Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I think it all boils down to this: In­ Tuesday, May 14, 1974 creasing the taxes of the oil industry at House of Representatives will soon take this time may make good short-term up the vitally important task of com­ Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, on May 4, political sense. But taking this action will mittee reorganization. I feel the follow­ 1974, I had the honor of attending the prolong our energy problems and mean ing editorial from the May 1, 1974, edi­ 20th anniversary dinner dance for the less energy at higher prices for the tion of the Chicago Tribune will be of Long Island Jewish-Hillside Medical interest to my colleagues. I, therefore, Center. The guest of honor at this gala American people. It will mean fewer jobs enter it into the RECORD with the hope and less rewarding jobs. So it does not occasion was Saul L. Epstein, founding that the House acts in a positive man­ president of the medical center. make any real sense at all. ner on this long-needed reform: Mr. Speaker, I am opposed to the en­ The story of the medical center has actment of the Oil and Gas Energy Tax AN OVERDUE OVERHAUL been a dramatic one. In 20 years, it has House Democrats are scheduled to caucus grown from a small hospital to a major Act of 1974, H.R. 14462. And I am par­ today and tomorrow to debate a long over­ ticularly opposed to any action which medical center serving people from all due reform of the complex committee struc­ over the Greater New York metropolitan would permit the House to vote on ture of the House of Representatives. The amendments to make the legislation proposed reorganization plan, drafted and area. Under the direction of the presi­ even more severe on the petroleum in­ unanimously approved by a bipartisan select dent of the center, a new addition was dustry and thereby increasingly adverse committee, faces considerable opposition recently added. There are also plans in to the national interest. both within and outside the House. the works for a new, well-equipped chil­ Basically, the sweeping overhaul would dren's hospital. The geriatrics center consolidate such broad policy areas as en­ continues to provide exceptional care vironment, energy, transportation, and to the older people of the area. health under the aegis of a single committee The growth of this great medical fa­ MEMORIAL DAY-A REMEMBRANCE rather than scattered among several panels, FOR CREATED IDEALS who have acquired jurisdiction over the cility would not have been possible with­ years on a piecemeal basis. Some committees out the continuing efforts of the board would have their responsibilities broadened; of trustees. The people of Long Island HON. EDWIN B. FORSYTHE others would be whittled down, and two and the New York area now have a hos­ OF NEW JERSEY committees would be eliminated, with their pital that not only serves them well, but IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES jurisdictions transferred elsewhere. also has a record for medical research Central to the reform is the so-called "one­ Tuesday, May 14, 1974 that the community can be proud of. All track system," which would limit members of the present, life, honorary, and past Mr. FORSYTHE. Mr. Speaker, flower­ to one of 15 major committees. Altho some might sit on one of seven other "nonexclu­ trustees deserve recognition for the work strewn graves, parades of soldiers march­ sive" committees, whose scope would be nar­ that they have done, and I would like to ing to high school bands, and remem­ row, the goal is to balance the workload of insert their names in the RECORD at this brances of things past stills the Nation members and eliminate overlapping oohed­ point for the attention of my colleagues: into solemn commemoration of its dead. ules which spread a. congressman's time too LONG ISLAND JEWISH-HILLSIDE MEDICAL It is Memorial Day-a day when thin. The plan also would drop proxy voting CENTER TRUSTEES in committees. America takes time to honor those who BOARD OF TRUSTEES have died bearing arms in service to our Opposition to the reorganization, the first since 1946 when the number of committees Aaron L. Solomon, President. country. But we must also remember were cut from 48 to 19 (two were subse­ Gustave M. Berne, Chairman, Bd. of those millions, the Thomas Edisons, the quently added), crosses ideological grounds Trustees. Abraham Lincolns, and the Alexander and has made for some unusual bedfellows. Irving L. Wharton, Chairman, Exec. Com­ Graham Bells who have joined the brick­ Such special interest groups as the National mittee. layers, the teachers, and the insurance Association of Manufacturers and the AFL­ Saul P. Steinberg, Assoc. Chmn., Exec. salesmen, to create, through hard work CIO are against the reform because they Committee. and a sense of consciousness, an America have built up a well established pattern of Charles Bassine, Arthur G. Cohen, Eli B. influence in the present committees. Liberal Cohen, Arthur Garson, Irving Schneider, worth working for. subcommittee chairmen and conservative Mike Stein, Joseph S. Wohl, Vice Presidents. Yes-the United States is faced with committee chairmen fear the loss of power. Robert K. Match, M.D., Executive Vice inflation, unemployment, and scandal. Perhaps the most striking example is the President and Director. We are torn by problems, but not irrep­ impact reform would have on Chairman Wil­ Saul J. Beldock, Treasurer. arably. On May 30, let us rejoice in bur D. Mills and his Ways and Means Com­ Stephen Shalom, Associate Treasurer. the labor of our forefathers. Their hard mittee. While the committee would retain Hon. Leonard Hanower, Secretary. May 14, 19·i4 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14665 Oscar Katz, Elihu Modlin, Assistant Secre­ THE CASE FOR A FEDERAL OIL AND tions, most industry men are skeptical and taries. GAS CORPORATION-NO. 32 expect that it will try to become an inte­ PRESIDENTS EMERITUS grated operation as soon as possible if only Saul L. Epstein, Jack S. Liebowitz, Gustave to exert the desired government influence M. Berne, Martin Barell, John M. Bend­ on the petroleum industry and trade. c. HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON They point out that the quickest way to heim, Morris Brecher, Selig S. Burrows, Alex­ OF MASSACHUSETTS ander Cohen, Wilfred P. Cohen, Arthur C. achieve that aim is through the purchase of Fatt, Maurice Glinert, Mrs. Herbert Green­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a m ajor integrated operation. The idea of a state petroleum company berg. Tuesday, May 14, 1974 Aaron Guarl, Hon. Bertram Harnett, Leo has been around in government quarters in Hausman, Gilbert Helman, Milton M. Her­ Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, the Ottawa for years but only since the oil sup­ man, Martin Kane, Kaufman R. Katz, Victor idea of a Federal Oil and Gas Corpora­ ply crisis of last fall has the federal govern­ K. Kiam, Arnold Kramer, Arthur Levien, tion has been consistently gathering ment seriously considered it as the ultimate Leon Lowenstein, Hon. Charles Margett. support from experts in many fields and vehicle to regulate the petroleum industry Arthur F. Maslow, Hon. Samuel Rabin, and the pricing and marketing of fuels. from Members from many geographical The scope of the petroleum corporation is Charles Revson, Irwin Schnurmacher, Carl regions. not known but most industry men expect it Singer, Mrs. Edwin Sonfield, Julius Steinberg, Canadian officials, who have also been to have powers to act as a ·marketing board John W. Straus, Martin B. Swarzman, Stuart struggling for ways to assuage the for oil and gas and products whether pro­ J. Voisin, Hon. Sol Wachtler, Samuel Wein­ duced from domestic or foreign supply feed­ berg, Alfred Wohl, Leonard Zahn. energy crunch, have proposed a similar corporation to increase Canadian stocks. LIFE TRUSTEE energy independence, to increase re­ Daniel Lipsky. search and development, to develop tar HONORARY TRUSTEES sands on a wide scale, and to help regu­ METHANOL: FUEL WITH A FUTURE Jacob G. Albert, Abraham Bernstein, Al late the petroleum industry and the Feinstein, Rubin Garfinkel, Jacob H. Horwitz. pricing and marketing of fuels. Stanley R. Jacobs, Maurice Josephberg, The Canadian Corporation could be HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI Mrs. Samuel Karelitz, Harry Lieberwitz, OF KENTUCKY Sandor Lorand, M.D. operating as soon as 1975, and expansion Lawrence Morton, Herbert Rosengarten, into other fields of energy could begin IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Nathan Schooler, David Weinstein, Philip P. shortly thereafter. Tuesday, May 14, 1974 Weisberg. Mr. Speaker, Canada's decision to Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, the short­ PAST TRUSTEES-DECEASED move on with a Federal Corporation is further evidence that an American Fed­ age o.f energy in the United States has Mortimer I. Aronson, Harry Bunderofl', prompted us to seek new and imagina­ Louis Gertz, Harry Gilbert, Max Harris, eral Oil and Gas Corporation is a re­ Harold P. Kurzman. sponsible proposal which demands the tive sources of energy for the future. Edward Levine, B. Davis Schwartz, David · consideration of the Congress. The Congress has responded admir­ M. Titelman, David A. Travis, Philip G. I would like to bring to the Congress ably to the need for new energy with Whitman. attention an article from the May 3 edi­ creative legislation to promote solar tion of the Oil Daily which details the energy, geothermal energy, and a more Canadian Government's plans. rational governmental structure for RUMANIAN NATIONAL INDEPEND­ The article fallows: energy research and administration. ENCE HOLIDAY to CANADIAN-OWNED OIL COMPANY BEING But we seem have somewhat ne­ ESTABLISHED glected one critical energy requirement: (By Tom Kennedy) new fuels for our transportation system. HON. JAMES J. DELANEY Mr. Speaker, following is a report from OF NEW YORK CALGARY.-The Canadian federal govern­ the Science Policy Division of the Con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment will soon legislate into existence the National Petroleum Corporation, with initial gressional Research Service on one of Tuesday, May 14, 1974 guarantees of up to $1 billion to back efforts the new transportation fuels which is Mr. DELANEY. Mr. President, Ameri­ to make Canada secure and independent in stimulating renewed interest in fuel al­ cans of Rumanian origin commemorated fuel supplies. ternatives to petroleum. Many experts Legislation is expected to go through believe that this fuel, methanol, is an in­ May 10 as the triple anniversary of im­ Parliament within weeks and the corporation, expensive, clean, and immediately usable portant events in the history of their na­ to be known as Petrocan, could be in business tive land. I join with my colleagues to under a 15-member board of directors by automotive fuel. pay them tribute on this joyous occa­ next fall. METHANOL AS A FuEL sion. In general, private petroleum industry is The energy crisis has generated a great On that date in 1866, Charles, Prince resigned to the fact that because of political deal of interest in possible substitutes for considerations Ottawa will enter the petro­ or additives to gasoline as an automotive of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was pro­ leum business through the state-owned com­ fuel. One of the most promising of these claimed Prince of Rumania. Under pany. potential gasoline alternatives is methanol. Charles, Rumania obtained its first con­ Oilmen said that it could pose conflicts of On December 28, 1973. T. B. Reed and R. M. stitution and introduced a parliamen­ interest for the federal government to run Lerner of MIT published an article in Science tary form of government. Exactly 12 its own petroleum corporation and at the magazine entitled "Methanol: a versatile fuel years later, on May 10, 1878, the Ruma­ same time regulate private sector activity in for immediate use". (Science, Dec. 28, 1973, nians proclaimed their independence af­ the federally held frontier regions, for pp. 1299-1304). This article, printed in a instance. publication which has wide circulation in ter severing political ties with the Otto­ It will be impossible not to give the fed­ the scientific community, first drew attention man Empire. erally-owned corporation some advantages to the potential which methanol has as a On May 10, 1881, Charles I was over private industry-there is nothing that gasoline additive. Drs. Reed and Lerner en­ crowned King of Rumania, and a king­ a state company can do to improve on private vision using methanol 1n a blend with gaso­ dom was established by the will of the industry efforts to guarantee energy de­ line, with the amount of methanol in the people. A prosperous era, which lasted liveries, according to typical industry com­ mixture on the order of 10 to 15 per cent. over six decades, opened on that day for ments. The methanol could be produced from coal, Rumania. Legislation will enable Petrocan to buy any which is a material in ample supply in the Today, the people of Rumania are un­ part or all the capital stock of Panarctlc Oils United States. able to celebrate their national day of Ltd. now held 45 % by Ottawa. The rest of The chemical formula of methanol is its equity is shared by 19 Canadian petroleum CH30H. At normal temperatures methanol ls independence. Instead they must ob­ and mining companies. a liquid, popularly known as "wood alcohol". serve May 9, the anniversary of Soviet Panarctic explored the Arctic Islands for It can be produced from natural gas, from • victory over their country. the past six years using mostly advance funds coal, or from wood, sewage, or other organic No arbitrary resetting of an anniver­ from American utility and transmission com­ materials. Methanol should not be confused sary observance imposed from without panies in return for first refusal on commer­ with methane, which has received some at­ on these proud people will ever alter cial oil or gas finds. tention recently as a fuel which can be their hope or dream for freedom. Now the future disposition and even own­ generated from animal wastes. Methane, ership of any Arctic fuels is in doubt because chemical formula CH4, is a gas at normal Mr. President, let me express my hope of the decision to make Panarctic available temperatures. It cannot be mixed with gaso­ and prayer that one day true freedom to the new state corporation. line, and cannot be used 1n an automobile as well as independence will become a Although government officials said Petro­ engine unless the automobile is equipped reality for Rumania and its people. can would not buy existing petroleum opera- with either high pressure gas storage tanks .14666 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 14, 1974 or a low temperature storage flask. Methanol, could be accounted for by the methanol work and limit the volume of goods and serv­ on the other hand, can be blended with gaso­ causing the automobile engine to function ices business can sell, regardless of price. line and used in existing automobiles with­ more efficiently, although he cautions that We have seen the distortions that stem out the necessity for major modification to there are other researchers who disagree with from controls; we have had shortages where the automobile engines. his conclusions on this point. none existed before-shortages which The methanol picture may be summarized 3. Governmental activity. Federal activity couldn't be blamed on the energy crisis or the as follows: concerning the use of methanol as an auto­ Arab oil embargo. 1. Methanol as an automotive fuel could mobile fuel would appear to be minimal. It The answers to inflation and shortages be helpful in easing the present energy would seem that the possibility of using are reduced government spending and in­ crisis. methanol in this manner was not taken creased production. Farm prices appear to be 2. The most promising source of methanol seriously until Drs. Reed and Lerner pub­ coming down as signs point to record produc­ is coal, and there is more than enough coal on lished their article in Science magazine. The tion of food and feed grains. Increased out­ hand to provide the methanol required for National Science Foundation, which has a put and productivity can have similar effects this purpose. group looking into the possibilities of vari­ thruout the economy. But this will require 3. Very little is being done now by the Fed­ ous advanced fuels, has now begun to take restraint. Business must limit price increases eral Government to provide funding for re­ an interest in methanol, and is going to deliberately, at least until shortages are over­ search and development or to otherwise pro­ sponsor several conferences on the subject come and competition restored. Labor, where mote the use of methanol. during the summer. It would seem that there is no effective competition, must always 1. Methanol as a /uel.-Methanol is a wide­ methanol is an idea whose time is just be­ exercise this restraint. ly-used chemical, with current annual United ginning to come. Now that we have put our economy back States production running roughly 1 billion in the hands of the marketplace, we should gallons per year. Its properties, handling do what is necessary to keep it there. problems, etc., are the,refore well known. The work done by Reed and Lerner and by others shows that methanol is compatible with GOOD RIDDANCE TO CONTROLS gasoline, and can be added to gasoline 1n amounts up to 15 per cent and used in exist­ SALUTE TO GAYLE T. MARTIN ing automobiles without the necessity of HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN modifying the automobile engines. Blends OF ILLINOIS containing more than 15 % methanol are HON. ALPHONZO BELL also satisfactory but require a carburetor ad­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF CALIFORNIA justment. Tuesday, May 14, 1974 2. Sources of methanol.-The potential IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sources of methanol can be grouped into Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, Amer­ Tuesday, May 14, 1974 three broad classifications: (a) Natural gas icans have been quite pleased with the (methane) , ( b) Coal and related substances discontinuance of the Economic Stabili­ Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, on Thursday such as lignite, ( c) Less-developed sources zation Act. This expired on April 30 to evening, May 23, at Lococo's Restaurant such as wood, sewage, animal wastes, and in Manhattan Beach, a testimonial din­ the like. These sources can be thought of as the pleasure of most citizens. I wish to in­ being available in a time sequence, with sert the following article which appeared ner will be held for my friend, Gayle methanol available now from natural gas, in in the Chicago Tribune for the benefit of Martin, the city manager of Manhattan the near future from coal, and in the more my colleagues. Beach. distant future from wood and waste prod­ [From the Chicago Tribune, May 4, 1974] Gayle Martin was born in Alva, Okla., ucts. For the purposes of this analysis, we Goon RIDDANCE TO CONTROLS and grew up in western Colorado where have concentrated on coal. Natural gas is a he attended grade school and high petroleum-based product, and thus the use Few Americans are mourning the passing school. He attended the University of of methanol from this source would not be of the nation's first--and perhaps last--ex­ helpful given the present situation of short­ perience with peacetime controls on wages Colorado where he received a bachelor's ages, embargoes, etc. (However, Dr. Reed, one and prices. Not many are celebrating, either, degree in civil engineering in 1940. He of the co-authors of the Science article, sug­ because they are busy coping with the later attended the University of Michi­ gested that conversion of natural gas to "double-digit inflation," which means in­ gan under a Navy postgraduate program methanol for shipping purposes might be a flation at a rate of 10 per cent or more and studying naval architecture. He received useful short-term method of obtaining use­ which is, in part, a legacy of the controls. his M.S. degree in public administration ful fuel from the Alaskan oil fields before Barely had the Economic Stabilization Act from the University of Denver in 1952. the pipeline is completed.) The advanced expired before Harry Bridges called his west methods of obtaining methanol, from wood, coast longshoremen out on a brief strike to Mr. Martin started his professional from sewage, etc., were not considered useful emphasize their demand for a 30 per cent career as an engineer with the Babcock enough in the near future to warrant an hour cost-of-living raise in wages. Major & Wilcox Co., where he worked until analysis. copper producers didn't even wait. They in­ entering the Navy in 1942. He received With regard to coal, the adequacy of the creased the price for copper cathode by 12 a direct commission as an ensign and re­ supply of methanol from this source is shown cent to 30 cents a pound, American Express ported for active duty in September 1942. by the following rough calculation: Co. increased its annual credit card fee by He served on active duty in a number of The United States consumes roughly 100 $5 and said the new $20 fee will apply to re­ billion gallons of gasoline per year in pri­ newal cards expiring in early summer. assignments until September 1949, when vate automobiles. Assume that 10% meth­ No doubt other companies and labor he returned to inactive duty only to be anol were to be used, and that this consump­ unions will seek price increases and wage recalled to active duty for the Korean tion rate remained constant. Ten billion gal­ increases in the weeks ahead. They will ra­ war to serve until June 1952. lons of methanol would then be required. tionalize their actions by arguing that the While on active duty Mr. Martin rose (Dr. Reed regards a 10% methanol mixture controls limited their ability to keep pace to the rank of lieutenant commander. as more satisfactory than a 15% mixture.) with rising costs and prices. As a result the After his release to inactive duty he re­ Ten billion gallons is approximately equal nation will face an additional bulge in post­ to 60 billion pounds, or 30 million tons of con trol prices and wages. mained active in the Naval Reserve and methanol required. Dr. Reed believes that John T. Dunlop, director of the Cost of progressed rapidly in rank with his mili­ the efficiency of converting coal to methanol Living Council, has warned that contrary to tary career being climaxed by his selec­ would be about 50%. Therefore, in order to the expectation of many adminstration econ­ tion as a rear admiral in February 1968. obtain 30 million tons of methanol, 60 mil­ omists, inflation in the second half of 1974 Admiral Martin maintained a very active lion tons of coal would be required. Since will not show much improvement from the status in the Naval Reserve until his re­ the Nation now produces 570 million tons of first half. If he is right, the inflationary tirement on June 30, 1973, culminated 31 coal per year, only a little over 10% of our spiral for all of 1974 is likely to exceed the 8 years of duty with the NavY. coal output would have to be converted to per cent rate set last year. methanol in order to obtain enough meth­ Unless business and labor leaders act Mr. Martin's career in city manage­ anol to provide a 10 % mixture for all Amer­ "responsibly" in a control-free economy, ment started in Phoenix, Ariz., where he ican automotive needs. President Nixon told the Chamber of Com­ took a 1-year internship in city manage­ Dr. Reed estimates that it would cost 5.67 merce of the United States, "the demand for ment in the office of the city manager. cents per gallon to convert coal to methanol, controls will again come up and be reflected His first appointment as a city manager and that the methanol thus formed would in the Congress." . came in November 1952, in Deerfield, Ill. be cheaper than gasoline. His data indicate The gross national product in real terms In 1954 he became manager at May­ that the gasoline-methanol mixture provides dropped nearly 6 per cent in the first quar­ more power than does gasoline alone, al­ ter, while inflation by the broadest measure wood, Ill., and in November 1956, he was though theoretically the addition of meth­ climbed more than 10 per cent. Clearly a appointed as city manager in Manhattan anol should cause a reduction in available continuation of this pattern will lead to a Beach, Calif., where he has served for the power. He believes that this discrepancy recession that will throw thousands out of last 17 % years. May 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14667 City Manager Martin's service in Man­ sional Merit Award. In making the debt by recordbreaking amounts, when hattan Beach has been marked by vast presentation at the annual congressional we see how freely the Secretary of State improvements in the services afforded staff dinner dance at the Shoreham hands out billions of dollars as he pur­ the citizens and by extensive physical Hotel, Editor Yudain said- chases detente around the world. improvements within the city. Virtually The Congressional Merit Award was insti­ For every dollar owed to the Treasury all of the city's public buildings have tuted to honor outstanding Congressional by foreign governments and canceled by been planned and built under his direc­ personalities who not only perform a valu­ a stroke of a Presidential pen, the U.S. tion. These include the police and fire able service but personally enhance the Con­ taxpayers must assume new indebted­ gress by their presence in making a more buildings, Joslyn Community Center, interesting, more human place for members ness. Manhattan Heights Community Center, and staff and those on the outside. The statistics may continue to show two libraries, the city yard, and the new Mr. Speaker, we all want to congratu­ that we are the most affluent Nation in city hall which is currently under con­ late both Roll Call and Editor Yudain the world, but how many other countries struction. for giving Dev this achievement award are willing to place their grandchildren All of the city's parks have been built on reaching his 25th year of serving the in debt to pay for their generosity? during Gayle's tenure in office. About House of Representatives. I feel Sid Yu­ I ask that the related Presidential three-fourths of the city's streets have dain could not have made a better selec­ document follow: been improved with paving, curbs, gut­ tion and we all wish for Dev many more [From the Federal Register, vol. 39, No. 94, ters, and sidewalks and a vast amount of healthy, happy years of public service. May 14, 1974] beautification of the street system has The text of the Congressional Merit THE PRESIDENT-MEMORANDUM OF APRIL 23, been accomplished. Almost the entire Award follows: 1974 storm drain system of the city has been [Roll Call, the newspaper of Capitol Hill] (Presidential Determination No. 74-17) constructed in the same span of time EMERGENCY SECURITY ASSISTANCE FOR ISRAEL and the city's water system has been im­ CONGRESSIONAL MERIT AWARD TO DEV O'NEILL Who, for a quarter of a century has given Memorandum for the Secretary of State and, proved to a high level of efficiency. generously of his unique ability, time, per­ the Secretary of Defense The Manhattan Beach pier and the sonality, and service to the Members and THE WHITE HOUSE, strand have received much-needed im­ staff of the Congress, lightening the burdens Washington, D.O., April 23, 1974. provements and the beach bicycle path of legislative life and enriching the personal By virtue of the authority vested in me by was inaugurated under Mr. Martin's lives of the myriad of diverse people privi­ Public Law 93-199, the Emergency Security leadership. All of the city's off street leged to know him. Assistance Act of 1973 (hereinafter "the parking projects have been established SIDNEY YUDAIN, Act"), and by Public Law 93-240, the Foreign during his tenure. All of these improve­ Editor and Publisher. Assistance and Related Programs Appropria­ ments to facilities and services have been Presented May 1, 1974, at the Annual Ban­ tion Act, 1974 (hereinafter "the Approprla. quet of the Congressional Staff Club, Shore­ tion Act"), I hereby: attained in the face of severe financial ham Hotel, Washington, D.C. A. Determine (1) that it is important to limitations. Yet most of the improve­ our national interest that Israel receive as­ ments were made on a "pay-as-you-go" sistance under the Act exceeding $1,600,000,­ basis with a tight string drawn on the ooo and (2) that obligations in excess of city's tax rate. $1,700,000,000 of the funds appropriated by PRESIDENT CANCELS $1 BILLION the first paragraph in Title IV of the Appro­ For these reasons, Mr. Speaker, it is DEBT OWED BY ISRAEL priations Act will be in the national interest; with special pleasure that I call atten­ B. Release Israel from its contractual lia­ tion• to the dinner honoring Gayle Mar­ bility to the extent of $1,000,000,000 to pay for tin on May 23 and note that I will be HON. JOHN R. RARICK defense articles and defense services pur­ joining his many friends on that evening OP LOUISIANA chased under the Foreign Military Sales Act to show something of our profound ad­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (82 Stat. 1320, Public Law 90-629), as miration, gratitude, and respect. amended, during the period beginning Oc­ Tuesday, May 14, 1974 tober 6, 1973, and ending March 31, 1974; and Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, one of the C. Determine that foreign military sales questions most frequently asked by con­ credits extended to Israel under the Act shall be in amounts not to exceed $1,200,000,000 DEV O'NEILL RECEIVES ROLLCALL cerned Americans these days is: What is (less amounts necessary for payment by the MERIT AWARD the Kissinger-Nixon version of detente United States of its share of expenses of costing us? Today's Federal Register United Nations activities in the Middle East spotlighted some of the financial costs of as authorized by law) repayable fl.S to princi­ HON. KENNETH J. GRAY detente to the U.S. taxpayer. pal over a. period of twenty years following a OF ILLINOIS Citing as his authorities the Emer­ two year grace period after initial disburse­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gency Security Assistance Act of 1973 and ment and at a rate of interest of three per­ cent per annum, with all other terms and Tuesday, May 14, 1974 the Foreign Assistance and Related Pro­ grams Appropriations Act of 1974, Presi­ conditions to be in accordance with those ap­ Mr. GRAY. Mr. Speaker, when I ar­ plicable to credits extended for foreign coun­ dent Nixon "forgave" Israel $1 billion tries under the above-cited Foreign Military rived on the Washington scene almost in debts owed to the U.S. Treasury. So Sales Act, as amended. 20 years ago one of the first persons to Tel Aviv has been given $1 billion worth This memorandum shall be published in extend a hand of friendship and help of war materiel and defense services free the Federal Register. was the outstanding, congenial Dev of charge by the President. RICHARD NIXON. O'Neill, House photographer. During the Naturally, the cost of the jets, tanks, many years that have come and gone I bombs, and bullets transferred to Israel a.m happy to say that Dev has never during and after the October Middle East changed his philosophy on life. The war must be repaid by someone. Thanks ADJUST THE TARGET PRICES handshake, the smile, and the offer to to this new Presidential determination, be of all possible assistance to everyone that $1 billion indebtedness falls squarely is still there. I cannot recall any promi­ on the pocketbooks of the American HON. ROBERT PRICE nent event taking place in the Wash­ taxpayers. OF TEXAS ington area dealing with government The Treasury simply does not have the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or politics that you did not find Dev money to pay the debt, which brings up '.[.'uesday, May 14, 1974 O'Neill getting the picture history of the another historical first. Yesterday, Presi­ event. dent Nixon asked Congress to extend the Mr. PRICE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, to­ Mr. Speaker, my opinion of Dev is temporary debt ceiling to an alltime day, I have introduced legislation to ad­ shared by thousands of other Washing­ high-$505 billion. As of March 30, 1974, just the target prices established under tonians and by Members of Congress the U.S. national debt was a mere $474,- the Agriculture and Consumer Protec­ and their staff as well as the news media. 499,564,962.34, and had accrued an in­ tion Act of 1973 for the 1974 through Our mutual good friend, Sid Yudain, terest cost of $21,802, 720,000. 1977 crops of wheat, feed grains, and editor of the popular Roll Call newspa­ It is easy to realize why the President cotton to include the escalator clause to per, who has served so ably on Capitol must continue to come to Congress re­ reflect changes in farm production costs. Hill, recently awarded Dev the Congres- questing that we escalate the national The present farm bill provides for pro- 14668 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 14, 1974 duction cost adjustments only for the for our Nation's first favorable balance new inmate grievance procedure. Under 1976 and 1977 crop years while my of trade in 3 years, to run the risk of the present setup the Bureau will be re­ amendment would make that provision taking all the loss on their operations sponsible for policing itself. Such a applicable for the 1974 and 1975 crops should their products fall below an equit­ system contains a number of inherent as well. able target price. defects and falls far short of the sup­ Under the provisions of my bill, the Last month we passed an increased posed objective of providing Federal Secretary of Agriculture would adjust minimum wage bill and Congress con­ prisoners with a system under which the following target prices to reflect any tinues to legislate an escalator-cost-of­ their grievances can be objectively and changes in production costs: $2.05 a living-clause for a large part of the independently adjudicated. Any office or bushel for wheat, $1.38 a bushel for com, population. Presently, more than 50 mil­ individual responsible for carrying out $1.13 a bushel for barley, $1.31 a bushel lion Americans automatically receive such a program must be free of the cor­ for grain sorghum, and $0.38 per pound some protection from the rising cost of rectional establishment in order to guar­ for cotton. These production costs would living. As the consumer price index goes antee the necessary independence of op­ include such items as interest, taxes, up, so do social security benefits, food erations and the basic integrity of the wages, fertilizer, and fuel oil. stamp allotments, and wages for most system's decisions. The target prices represent a ''mini­ workers under union contract. Surely The issues raised in the New York mum level" of producer support by the our Nation's 1.5 million farmers and Times editorial are to the point and war­ Federal Government. The Government farm managers deserve the benefit of rant our careful consideration; I insert it will not, and I emphasize will not, pay this escalator provision. herewith for inclusion in the RECORD and producers anything as long as the wheat, Again, I must emphasize that this leg­ commend it to our colleagues' attention: feed grains, and cotton prices remain islation is merely a safeguard should IMPROVING THE PRISONS above the levels established by the Sec­ overproduction around the world cause Two recent public decisions underline the retary of Agriculture. agricultural prices to plunge. I intend to timidity and shortsightedness which hamp­ Yesterday on the Chicago Board of make an all-out effort to have this bill er the development of enlightened correc­ Trade wheat closed at $3.48 a bushel, enacted and I urge my colleagues to tions policies in the United States. In Albany, com sold at $2.66 per bushel, and on the support it. the Legislature seems determined to kill a New York cotton futures market, cotton plan to establish a two-year degree-granting closed at $0.58 per pound. As we can all college for approximately 200 inmates of the state prison system. In Washington, the see, these prices are quite higher than Federal Bureau of Prisons has adopted a the target prices set forth in the 1973 THE CONTINUED STRUGGLE FOR half-hearted measure for adjudicating cer­ legislation. PRISON REFORMS tain types of inmate grievances within the According to the law of supply and Federal prison system. demand, if more of a product hits the At a time when even corrections officials marketplace than is necessary, prices HON. HERMAN BADILLO estimate that from 60 to 90 per cent of their prisoners should not be incarcerated, and fall downward. I am concerned that if OF NEW YORK when the central prison reform issue is how more agricultural crops are produced IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES than can be consumed by our domestic to establish effective non-institutional cor­ Tuesday, May 14, 1974 rectional programs which draw on commun­ and foreign markets, prices would fall ity strengths, the Federal establishment is drastically. Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, one of the dealing with half loaves and the legislators The reason I am introducing this leg­ major shortcomings in our criminal jus­ in Albany are beating retreat. islation is simply as a precautionary tice system is the archaic, unproductive, The rations.le for establishment 6f the measure. If, let us say, the market falls and repressive manner in which the in­ · proposed Bedford Hills program in West­ chester was put simply by Peter Freiser, Cor­ below the target prices for wheat, feed mates of our Nation's prisons, jails, cor­ rectional Services Commissioner, and Dr. Er­ grains, and cotton, the prices which rectional facilities, and detention centers nest Brayer, Chancellor of the State Uni­ farmers receive must reflect the increased are treated. All too often scant attention versity when they said, "We believe the pro­ costs he incurred while producing the is given to the person but simply to the posed programs will make it possible for more crop. Perhaps target prices will never debased and dehumanized number in a prisoners to move back into society and lead be used, but if they are, we must pro­ cell. Little consideration is devoted to the productive lives." That is a reasonable prop­ vide a measure which will not force the way in whicn the legal processes apply osition in a society obsessed with the fear of crime, much of it committed by malad­ farmers to absorb all of the 1974 and to individuals who are confined behind justed ex-convicts. The plan was killed, at 1975 inc:ceases in producing the Nation's bars and a general attitude of "out of least temporarily, when the Legislature food and fiber. sight, out of mind" seems to prevail. At boiled down to an unwillingness to "coddle" Recent years have seen dramatic in­ those times when bureaucrats and legis­ prisoners. creases in food production costs. These lators do focus their attention on the The new Federal grievance procedure costs have more than doubled in the last corrections system it is frequently with a strikes-but feebly-at the real problem of 20 years and we all know that the prices wholly punitive attitude with little re­ how to develop a system under which in - gard for taking constructive efforts to carcerated human beings can gain redress of fertilizer and fuel have increased to of simple injustices without unduly over­ all-time highs this past fiscal year. The properly prepare prisoners for their re­ burdening the courts. Unfortunately, the cost of land, seed, machinery, wage turn to society or for defending those sine qua non for establishment of a fair rates, taxes, and even interest on bor­ basic rights which prisoners possess. grievance system is the interposition of a rowed money are all up significantly. Last weekend the New York Times car­ disinterested third party to decide the com­ I have had the USDA estimate the ried a very timely and pertinent editorial plaints. Bureau of Prisons officials could not target prices for corn, wheat, and cotton on this important issue. It comments on bring themselves to implant this basic ele­ under the following conditions. First, as­ two items which offer great potential for ment of fairness in their system. They made the wardens and ultimately themselves the suming that target prices for 1974 would substantive corrections reform and pro­ arbiters of the grievances of the prisoners be adjusted to reflect changes in prices gressive penology but which either face they keep. paid by farmers for production items serious opposition or are only partially Each situation, in its own way, demon­ from July 1973 to April 1974; and second, implemented. I have already discussed strates an unwillingness of society to come assuming that a normal increase in crop the tragic failure of the State of New sharply to grips with the hardest questions yields between 1973 and 1974 occurs. York to carry out, to date, the innovative in penology-provision of basic justice for Under these conditions target prices for proposal to establish a 2-year degree­ prisoners after incarceration and the de­ granting college for prisoners, because of velopment of programs that offer some real 1974 would be as follows: Corn:__$1.50 per hope of returning useful citizens from prison bushel, wheat-$2.26 per bushel, and cot­ ill-conceived opposition by a number of to society. ton-$0.42 per pound. Obviously, if my New York legislators. At least it can be said that the Federal legislation is enacted, the USDA esti­ Also, I am disappointed that the U.S. effort is a move in the right direction-on mates would change. Bureau of Prisons has failed to establish which improvements can be grafted in the We cannot expect our agricultural pro­ an independent and unbiased "ombuds­ future. The retrogressive action of the legis­ ducers, who are primarily responsible man" or similar official to manage the lators in Albany should be reversed. May 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14669 DEMOCRATS SANDBAG REFORM changes at the Democratic caucus in July. In user elements of the industry. By "Private coming weeks, the liberals who joined witb. Television Communications" the Brushes their party's old-timers in unorthodox alll­ mean the use of television to change or af­ HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER ance have an opportunity to prove that they fect action or understanding. They cast com­ can come up with constructive alternatives munication in behavioral terms, and implicit OF WISCONSIN rather than the self-interested negativism in communication uses of television, as they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES they have evinced thus far. conceive it, is the actual or potential re­ Tuesday, May 14, 1974 turn path or feedback. This concept excludes many other uses of the medium, e.g., security, Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. surveillance, monitoring and recording appli­ Speaker, yesterday's New York Times A GROWING PRIVATE TELEVISION cations. The Brushes lump these applications correctly portrayed the silent, secret INDUSTRY of video, which they also describe as archival sandbagging of the report of the Select and record-keeping, along with pure acts of wire distribution under the heading of Committee on Committees as victory for "closed-ciruit". By "private", the Brushes "self-interest negativism." HON. PETER A. PEYSER mean the use of television by profit, non­ I am deeply disappointed by the cau­ OF NEW YORK profit and in certain ways by governmental cus decision to defer the work of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES organizations-but not by educational or­ Select Committee to the task force of Tuesday, May 14, 1974 ganizations-for relatively narrow non-en­ the caucus headed by the gentlelady tertainment purposes with specifically de· from Washington. I do not know if this Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, the private fined audiences. effectively stops all further action but television industry, a relatively recent According to Douglas. the study was aimed it is distressing to see the politicization addition to the telecommunications field, at the business, industrial and government is growing far beyond original expecta­ sectors, but not education, for two reasons. of the bipartisan recommendations. I Suppliers are most interested in the com· urge my colleagues to carefully consider tions. This $207 million industry is ex­ mercia.l, industrial, or business markets be­ their responsibility to themselves, this pected to triple in size by 1977. cause this is currently the largest sector of House and their constituents as July Private programing is sold to clients their business, generally a.round 35 % with a approaches. with special interests and concerns. The 40 % annual growth rate. Secondly, "Busi· The article follows: industry serves each of their interests by ness and industry make entirely different [From the New York Times, May 13, 1974] professionally producing programs deal­ uses of television," said Douglas. "They use ing with the specialized subjects in ques­ it for communication while educational in· LIBERALS ASTRAY stitutions generally use it as an adjunct to By the time that the LaFollette-Monroney tion. the basic educational process, which you can Legislative Reorganization Act passed Con­ A special study of this industry was argue is not communications." However, he gress in 1946, it had been the subject of in­ conducted by D/J Brush Associates, a did not see· fit to include educational pro­ tense public controversy and of innumer­ communications consulting firm located grams carried on in business and govern• able articles and editorials. For more than in my district. D/J Brush has been ex­ ment because, " ... instead of the objective a year now, .a committee of ten House mem­ amining the private television field for being education per se as it is in schools, bers drawn equally from both parties has some time, and I would like, for the in­ the objective is functional, such as increas• been at work on a reform proposal that­ formation of my colleagues, to include ing productivity, maximizing profits, and re­ so far as the House of Representatives is con­ in the RECORD some reports of their work: ducing costs." cerned-would be as far reaching and as THE SURVEY THE VIDEOPLAY REPORT desirable as the LaFollette-Monroney Act. Judith said the initial decision was to sur­ But in a Congress and a nation preoccupied BACKGROUND vey all possible users. Wishing to include the with Watergate, this committee has done its The growth of non-broadcast, non-enter­ top companies, the Fortune list of 1,000 was work silently and unnoticed. tainment television has been fast, loose and used as a base. (These are primarily indus­ On Thursday, reform paid the price for unpredictable. For one thing-what do you trial companies doing over $67.5-million in that silence. By a narrow margin, the House call it? It always has been easier to say what volume annually.) However, since the out­ Democratic caucus shelved the reorganiza­ it isn't than what it is, i.e., calling it "non-". numbered non-industrials on the list focus tion plan by sending it to another committee A fall-out of the commercial development of on people skills and resources where, accord­ for study. The barons of the House led by television as a wireless broadcast medium ing to the Brushes, the need for communica­ Representative Wilbur Mills of Arkansas, radiating in all directions, this other type of tion and training is greatest, the list was re­ chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, television, which we dubbed "closed-circuit" stricted to those companies with 1,000 or more and the pressure group lobbyists know what ( CCTV) was originally used to describe an employees. Finally, the Brushes studied every was at stake even though the public did not. actual wire pa.th between TV camera and source of available, published information to It was not essential that the plan be sub­ monitor/receiver. Broadcasting to the mil­ identify specific organizations using tele­ mitted to the Democratic caucus. It could lions-the center of all attention-was some­ vision and the individuals responslble for have gone directly to the floor as a privileged thing else. those uses. mot~on. But Speaker Albert and Representa­ With the invention of videotape for tele­ Questionnaires were mailed to 2,345 se­ tive Richard Bolling of Missouri, chairman vision storage and retrieval in the middle lected business and non-profit organizations. of the committee that drafted the reorgani­ '50s, first for broadcast and then for closed­ The mail survey was augmented by "dozens zation, believed that as a practical matter circuit in the late '50S, CCTV became an area of interviews with users and suppliers . . • the reforms would not last unless they had of intensive technical and application de· plus on-site visits." The conclusions of the the support of a majority in each party. velopment. Today we have a reported $48.5 Brush Report are based on a return of 16.3 % House Republicans meeting in their con­ million industry. Those in the industry are or 382 questionnaires which qualified the re­ ference endorsed the reforms. The Democrats anxious to know its dimensions and charac­ spondents as originating and/or distributing did not. Significantly, they did the deed in ter. Responding to this need, two corporate their own television productions on a regu­ secret a.voiding a rollcall vote. There is no marketing and communications consultants, lar basis. justification for conducting public business in that devious fashion. Douglas and Judith Brush (D/J Brush Asso­ ORIGINATING AND DISTRIBUTION Labor unions and liberal Democrats who ciates, Riveredge-One David Lane, Yonkers, The 382 responding business and non­ on most other days are in the vanguard of N.Y. 10701-914/376--0476) have just com· profit organizations produced a total of 8,000 those calling for progressive change were in­ pleted a six-month study called Private Tele­ originations in 1973. Government agencies strumental in blocking the reforms. Since the vision Communications: A Report To Man­ added another 5,000, for a total of 13,000. On AFL-CIO did not want the Labor and Educa­ agement. Published by Knowledge Industry an hourly basis, the 382 organizations pro· tion Committee split into two committees or Publications (Tiffany Towers, P.O. Box 429, duced 2,100 hours and government added the Post Office Committee abolished, it used White Plains, N.Y. 10602), the study is priced another 1,400 or more hours, for a total of its political muscle against the plan. Noted at $245. We spoke with the Brushes and 3,500 or more hours of programming. (On a. liberals such as Representatives Frank here is a report of some of their approaches, gross average basis this is roughly siXteen Thompson of New Jersey, John Bra.dema.s of findings and conclusions. minutes per origination-a statistic many Indiana., James O'Hara of Michigan, and Phil­ STUDY APPROACH AND SCOPE trainers and educators have been wondering lip Burton of California. would have lost The key to the Brush study and an aspect about--Editor.) These originations mainly cherished subcommittee chairmanships and on which a good a.mount of reaction is likely come from in-house sources but included a.re for that selfish reason opposed the plan. It to turn is their concept of the field of non­ custom productions by outside service firms was an unseemly performance. broadcast, non-entertainment television. It which Douglas says is a rapidly growing In theory, reform is :1ot dead. The study could be more important than their findings, factor. committee to which the plan has been re­ in that it may lay the basis for some concep­ The Brushes specifically asked about the ferred could resubmit it with only minor tual agreement among diverse supplier and regular operation of distribution networks by 14670 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 14, 1974 commercial organizations. On the basis that training function.) IDS has an annual sales ing intangibles. Typical applications here regular distribution to six or more geographic force turnover of about 1,800 out of over 5,000 might involve the use of television in em­ locations constitutes network distribution, salesmen, so that the complete sales force ployee news and management information the Brushes counted 76 among their 382 re­ is trained about every four years. IDS has programs. Generally, authorization to use spondents (or 19.9%) as operating networks. found that the use of television has not only television in such ways follows approval by EXPENDITURES kept their turnover below the industry aver­ management, followed by attitude surveys age, but by using television their field train­ As a result of their study, the Brushes cal­ of the intended audience to determine the ing force can operate with fifty fewer train­ worth of these intangible uses of television. culate the total of private television com­ ing directors. munication equipment, program and related She reports on the "lunchroom network" of The IDS television operation has a regular­ Bob Kermgard at American Motors in Ke­ expenditures made in calendar 1973 was $207 ly assigned staff of four. When a production million for business and government. This nosha, Wisconsin, who with portable hal.f­ requires more help, they are obtained from inch equipment provides extensive coverage overall amount will reach $508-million by neighboring departments. The company has 1976, they predict, and top $1-billion by 1980. of local interest events not provided by the a two-story studio with modest production TV broadcast stations in Chicago and Mil­ Of the 1973 total, the Brushes found that equipment. Programs are mastered and dis­ about half went for equipment and facili­ waukee. With three-quarters of the town's tributed to over 200 locations in one-half workforce employed at the plant, Kermgard ties with the other half divided among pro­ inch tape. IDS regional offices also make tapes gramming, distribution, service, and can immediately determine the effectiveness which are routed to field offices. In one aspect of his employee information programs by overhead. their operation is unusual-IDS leases its One interesting finding was that almost where they eat their lunch-in the cafeteria, equipment. While the company ls pleased where the monitors are, or at some other $29-mlllion in 1973 was billed by outside with the performance of the open-reel equip­ proprietary and custom program producers. place. The Brushes report that greater num­ ment, it will probably go cartridge/cassette bers of private television managers than they Douglas points to this segment of the market eventually. Productions are uninvolved and as the fastest growing category and claims expected engage in some sort of feedback quite often consist of a straight-forward measurement. that it, in a sense, acts as a barometer of prernntation by a lecturer using a flip-chart. the growth of private television communica­ ROLE OF OUTSIDE PROPRIETARY AND CUSTOM UPGRADING FOUND tions. When management begins to turn to PRODUCERS television, they are first most likely to acquire The Brushes found that generally after two The Brushes see the growth of private or commission outside pilot production be­ to three years of operation an upgrading television networks as an opportunity for fore investing in hardware, he says. process begins if the initial period was at all successful. Movement in mastering ls gen­ outside producers to create custom or pro­ THE 1973 A BASE YEAR erally from one-half to one-inch videotape prietary product for network distribution. The Brushes observe that 1973 was the formats and from black and white to color. The great majority of those responding to first complete year during which users de­ Douglas said very few in private television are the Brush survey are classed as user-pro­ veloped operating experience with the :video­ going beyond one-inch; that is, to two-inch ducers. Of those responding, 95% produce cassette. Deliveries which started in early quad, except such large companies as Stand­ some or all of their programming in-house. 1972 on a volume basis laid the necessary ard Oil of Indiana, Arthur Anderson, etc. The Of the 95%, 54% do in-house exclusively foundation. "Without the cassette," said press is for higher quality. Douglas quoted or-turned around-almost half use outside Douglas, "we would still have to put up with IBM's Lynn Yeazel as saying, "It is important services of some sort. A wide variety of out­ the use of open-reel-a production system­ for me professionally with my company to side services are cited running from complete for distribution. The fully operational avail­ get the best possible picture ... for the dol­ custom production to editing, duplication or abllity of the cassette to the private user lars I have to spend." just distribution. for the first time lets us regard production Douglas traced two factors leading to a The Brushes see a growing acceptance of as one concept and distribution as another switch to color in private television. Car­ the role of the outside producer. They found and establishes private television communi­ tridge/cassette systems have proven a boom that a company tended to be in-house pro­ cations as a medium in its own right." to the use of video with persons who are only duction-oriented when their uses of televi­ Douglas sees the present use of open-reel casual users of the equipment. The cartridge/ sion were generally involved in internal com­ tape for distribution as contracting severely cassette systems come at a time when many munications. But where marketing and sales in the coming years. However, he predicts private users had completed limited pilot dis­ applications take on a greater emphasis, the tape (in cassette or cartridge) will always tribution tests with open-reel. But in adopt­ developing tendency is to go outside for pro­ play an important role in private television ing cartridge/ cassette distribution they also duction services. Then, the in-house televi­ because of the opportunity it gives to net­ get a color capability because all cartridge/ sion operation tends to be limited to in-house work members to make their own origina­ cassette videoplayers are color capable, with applications of employee communications, tions for further outward distribution or as perhaps only one present exception. This fact, training, etc. According to Douglas, "Where a. return reply. He said that about 5 % of pres­ plus the increasing availability of off-the­ the use of television approaches a more di· ent tape nets make in-the-field-recordings shelf color programming and the realization rect, point-to-point relationship with the for further distribution to sub-offices or for that color is now a de facto home viewing companies' bottom-line, there is some gen­ return upstream and predicts an increase in stand!l,rd, builds pressure to go color in the eral distrust of the use of in-house resources, such use. organization facility. Judith pointed out that b1;1t the truly professional television manager While another medium might be cheaper experienced video managers, such as Dick will be as aware of his limitations and not in some respects, i.e., Super 8mm film, the Van Deusen at the Prudential, have been be threatened by this." Brushes found that management preferred preparing for full upgrading to color over the The Brushes predict that at least 300 new to work with videotape in origination. "They years as they have revised and added to their private television users will come into the feel more comfortable-they can tell right origination capability. Evidently quite a few field in two years. However, this will generally after a take 1f it is what they want--and re­ are ready for the final step-acquiring and be a new breed, described by Douglas as a takes incur really little additional cost or plugging-in color cameras. user-distributor. The new user-distributor effort. Television encourages a relaxed, non­ MEASURABLE RESULTS will take advantage of a videoplay cassette/ pressure condition under which to work." cartridge technology specifically meant for Douglas did feel that when the videodisc fi­ According to the Brushes, "The smart tele­ vision manager is working very hard to find him. Starting with an analysis of the geo­ nally arrives and becomes operational that graphic location, complexion and needs of many private television users would shift ways of demonstrating or measuring results in ways his boss will appreciate." A typical the audience, the new user-distributor tele­ their distribution to it because of easier vision manager will work backwards into the handling and significant cost reductions. approach in television sales training pro­ grams is to identify an increase in sales or best way of generating the required pro­ A CLASSIC USER better sales performance. In a skill training gramming and will take a more balanced look Douglas described Investors Diversified program, managers look for proof that some­ at the "make or buy" decision. In short, the Services of Minneapolis, Minnesota., as an ex­ one has learned to do something, or do it emphasis of the "new" television manager ample embodying many of the circumstances clearly better, as a result of television train­ will focus first on the distribution element found to be characteristic of well established ing. Terming these as an empirical measure­ and then on the best way to support it with user-producers. IDS as a multi-faceted :finan­ ment, Douglas gave as further examples programming. cial corporation has been using television measurements that prove that television per­ since 1969. The firm ls geographically scat­ forms a training job at a lower cost or does OPPORTUNITY FOR PROl?RIETARY PRODUCERS tered with 200 offices about the country. Field a more effective job at the same cost. For The Brushes found that everything being office salesmen must be thoroughly familiar the latter, an example would be the com­ done in the established private television with four basic financial product lines. Tele­ vision at IDS is part of a larger AV training munication of information by video among systems (about three years and longer) is activity located in corporate under the mark­ different points of the country which would now going into distribution development. eting/sales arm of top management which have otherwise involved traveling by people "The more the television manager gets that gives full support to the use of television. from various locations. network built up, the more programming he (Douglas said it appeared characteristic of Another, but more difficult, way of demon­ is going to need for it, and the more eco­ non-industrials to have television under strating the value of the use of television nomical it will be for him to acquire many marketing/sales while industrial companies grows out of its use to affect attitudes which types of programming outside," the Brushes earmarked television as part of a personnel Judith said presents the problem of measur- concluded. May 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1467f

THE $207 MILLION PRIVATE TELEVISION IN­ ident in making a videotaped report for duced legislation in this session to ac­ DUSTRY REVEALED BY NEW COMMUNICATIONS security analysts. complish this same objective. My bill, SURVEY "When he goes to his bank he may see a H.R. 12164, would provide for reemploy­ community news show while waiting to trans­ NONBROADCAST TV PROGRAMING EXPANDING ment of former employees receiving civil RAPIDLY INTO NEW AREAS act his business and if he stops at a local department store, he may watch a televised service disability retirement annuities In 1973, a greater amount of television report on men's fashions. Before settling found to be recovered from their dis­ programming was produced by business, gov­ down at night at home he may spend a few abilities or substantially restored to their ernment and non-profit organizations for minutes practicing speed reading via a former earning capacities. private communications uses than was car­ videotaped self-improvement course or get Under the present civil service disa­ ried in prime time by all three major televi­ pointers on his golf swing from a video sion networks combined. bility retirement procedures, a person re­ cassette made by a famous professional. After tired on a disability annuity may periodi­ This unsuspected level of private televi­ that he may watch TV just to relax," she sion production has generated a $207 mlllion said. cally be recalled for examination to de­ industry which is expected to almost triple An indication of the "coming of age" of termine his continued disability status. in size over the next three years, according the industry is the general industry-wide In the event this examination shows im­ to a special study, "Private Television Com­ adoption of the term "private television" to provement, or, the examination should munications: A Report to Management," describe the medium and to differentiate it show the annuitant capable of returning just completed by D/J Brush Associates, a from "closed-circuit TV" or "CCTV", the to work, he is given a certificate of re­ communications consulting firm in Yonkers, study authors report. Closed-circuit tele­ N. Y. and released today by Knowledge In­ covery and advised that his annuity will vision involves a direct wire connection be­ cease in 1 year. During this period, it is dustry Publications Inc., White Plains, N.Y. tween a camera and a monitor, which is Last year, private organizations and the rarely the case in either private or broad­ up to the annuitant to locate a position Federal government produced more than cast TV. The term is now used solely in rela­ at any grade or GS rating available. In 13,000 television "shows" totalling over 3500 tion to security and survemance systems and times of Government cutbacks, it is next hours (broadcast network prime time comes other forms of monitoring and recording to impossible to find a comparable or to 3276 hours). While virtually none of these where no communications objectives or pro­ near comparable position for which he is programs has ever appeared on a home tele­ gram elements are involved, or as merely one qualified, especially if a person's stand­ vision screen-nor are they likely to-they form of distribuUon within a private tele­ have generally rec~ived high "ratings" with ard of living and his qualification per­ vision system. tain to higher grades. It would seem just, their intended audiences. The study also contains the first published Understandably, most of these programs information on the Federal government's use that a person declared disabled from a were devoted to specialized subjects in which of private television which last year totalled position due to job pressures, and so forth the viewer has more than a casual interest. a.pproximateliy $22 million. It includes a crit­ and later found to be recovered suffi­ These ranged from training on how to ini­ ical analysis of an as yet unreleased Office ciently to return to work, should be of­ tiate a sales call to surprisingly sophisti­ of Management and Budget report on the fered the same opportunities he had cated employee news programs that some­ government's overall use of the audio-visual prior to becoming disabled. times rivaled broadcast television in jour­ media. In addition, it both praises and nalistic expertise. Additionally, this bill would allow dis­ The D/J Brush Associates study is based damns the controversial "Goldwater Report" abled Federal employees to retain their on a survey of some 2300 corporations, non­ released in 1972 by Rep. Barry Goldwater, (R-Cal.) which charged that civllian agen­ Government sponsored insurance, and profit organizations and government agen­ cies and the Department of Defense engage permit their time on the disability rolls cies, plus in-depth interviews. to be credited as active service time for The results show that there are at least in an unnecessarily high level of television 300 companies and other private organiza· and motion picture production. civil service retirement benefits. It would tions who originate and distribute their own Along with providing detailed data on the further permit continuation of maxi­ television programming on a regular basis. dollar volume of various aspects of the mum benefits to those workers who re­ This number is expected to double over the private television market, including projec­ cover sufficiently to· enter an approved next two years. tions through 1976, the Brush study reports program of vocational rehabilitation. A large portion of the 8000 productions on uses and appllcatlons of the medium, cost Finally, as the committee report states, originated by these 300 "user-producers" factors, production and distribution systems, and the many programming and production "Progressive new developments like these were produced for distribution via company are necessary to maintain the act as a videotape or closed-circuit "networks", the services that are available to video users. study reports. There are now approximately "Private Television Communications: A model workman's compensation pro­ 76 private videotape networks in existence Report to Management" is priced at $395.00 gram." which carry company-originated program­ and ls available from Knowledge Industry ming to six or more locations on a regular Publications, Inc., Tiffany Towers, White basis. The significance of this number of per­ Plains, New York 10602. MOTHERS DAY STORY manent networks is the market potential it represents for the sale of proprietary "off­ the-shelf" video programming to supplement in-house produced material. HOUSE VOICE VOTE PASSES H.R. Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke The study upsets the commonly held as­ 13871 OF CALIFORNIA sumption that private television is merely IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES an audio-visual device used primarily for job training. While training in one form HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN Tuesday, May 14, 1974 or another is still a major application of the OF MARYLAND Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. medium, the study's findings show that new Speaker, although the date of May 12 has appllcations in the communications, infor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mation and sales areas are rapidly outstrip­ Tuesday, May 14, 1974 passed, I would like in some way to pay a ping instructional functions. In some cases, special tribute to motherhood and have the audiences for these newer types of pro­ Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, I was you join me in the proposal I am about to gram even include local communities. pleased to see the House pass by a voice make. This trend in tne expansion of the medium vote H.R. 13871, the Federal Employees• The editor of Mainliner magazine, into non-broadcast, non-entertainment areas Compensation Act Amendments. which is available on all United Air Lines may mean that ultimately the individual Since the 1966 amendments to the Fed­ planes during the month of May, sought will encounter specialized television pro­ eral Employees Compensation Act, a gramming directed to him virtually any­ what was his idea of an "upbeat story" where he goes, says Judith M. Brush, co­ number of conditions have arisen that and pointed it at Mothers Day, which aut hor of the study. make it necessary to update and revise falls on May 12. "Right now, for example, it ls possible for requirements regarding compensation It is entitled "No Man's Too Big To a business executive in the course of one day benefits for injured Federal workers. I Love His Mother," and it is by the reign­ to view in his office an overseas economic feel this new legislation meets those ing heavyweight champion of the world, report taped the day before, an update of a changing conditions and I would recom­ George Foreman. This young man has company field operation, a management de­ mend its passage. distinguished himself in every way after velopment program on the emerging role of women in business, and, in the company This bill would grant Federal em­ what was a disastrous course-heading lunchroom, an employee news program. After ployees who recover from disabling in­ when he was an adolescent and then, as lunch he may attend a live, nationwide juries within 1 year a guaranteed right a teenager. And in this touching story, televised sales meeting using large-screen to return to their former jobs or jobs of he tells what his mother, Mrs. Nancy Ree projection and later assist his company pres- equal rank and pay. I have also intro- Foreman, of Houston, endured trying to 1~672 ·E~T.ENSIONS OF REMARKS ·May 14, 1974 get him somehow to make something of one of them. To this day, if I'm in a good Mothers are in your corner, when no one else himself. restaurant, it pains me to see all those plates is, and afterward, when everybody else says the waiters put out on tables. I remember he is. I know this for a !act. Mine was way In George Foreman, there is something when George Foreman was a teenager, he back when, and is now, and will always for everyone. He became a warning to was back in the kitchens of places like that. be. our whole society showing what can hap­ Dishes might go out to a lot of tables and pen if it does nothing about its social customers, but they all came back to George. problems. He showed that at the highest It wasn't a happy kind of a job, and I out­ TRENTON EDITOR WINS PULITZER level our Government can throw its spot­ grew it--the miserable pay, too. I tried truck­ light on and give emphasis to kinds of ing companies, helping load and unload. sociological problem-solving. He proved About 16 I was then, hoistin' the big stuff, HON. FRANK THOMPSON, JR. boxes and crates, and these were night jobs OF NEW JERSEY that given an opportunity and motiva­ mostly, $1.25 an hour. When they paid off, tion, any individual is capable of improv­ they remembered only the $1 and forgot the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing his lot. And he showed that American quarter. Sometimes I'd go 17 hours straight Tuesday, May 14, 1974 industry-in his case, Litton Industries­ for $17. has both capabilities and compassion in When you've got big muscles, some think Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey. Mr. the so-called "people business." Today, he you're kind of a machine, never get tired, Speaker, it is with pleasure and pride is an inspiration to people all over the never run down. The one who knew the other that I call to the attention of my col­ side of all this, and it hurt her to see it all, leagues the Pulitzer Prize awarded for world. was Mrs. Nancy Ree Foreman, my mother. His mother must be very proud to read She so wanted something, anything to turn distinguished editorial writing to Mr. F. sentiments such as he writes in this ar­ my way. Gilman Spencer, editor of the Trenton­ ticle, and as a mother I can think of We used to have some of our best talks in ian, a daily newspaper published in my nothing which would compensate her so the kitchen there at home, just the two of home city of Trenton. The award to Mr. greatly as this must. us. Often it was after I had done something Spencer was in recognition of his series The article follows: bad, really wrong, and the police had been of editorials calling attention to official to talk to her about me, maybe. I would be wrongdoing at the highest levels of New No MAN Is Too BIG To LOVE HIS MOTHER feeling so ashamed that I'd brought one (By George Foreman) more heartache to her door. She never re­ Jersey's government. The test of excel­ That night I won the title from Joe Frazier buked me, though. That would jolt me even lence which determines award of the in Jamaica-January 22, 1973-you know more, and I'd want so much to give her some Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing re­ where my mother was? She was walkin' the hope to hang onto, and not be just a total quires "clearness of style, sound reason­ streets there in our old neighborhood in loss. We would talk about what we could do ing and power to influence public opin­ Houston. She couldn't stand to watch it on if we just had some money, not big money, ion in what the writer conceives to be TV, couldn't bear listenin' to a broadcast of maybe $50, or up to $500. It was the sound the right direction." Those who read the it. She hates any kind of fi.ghtin', and she of it, hearin' it out loud was better than Trentonian on a regular basis know that always did. When I was a kid and got in those a.dmittin' that we had nothin', and probably the editorials written by Mr. Spencer street fights where she was pacin', she had would have the same nothin' the next day or next week. She always said, no matter clearly and supremely met that test. The to be thinkin' she stopped a lot of 'em just award to Mr. Spencer brings great honor by showin' up. I would quit sometimes just what figure we were usin', that perhaps it on hearin' she was comin', or was out look­ would come if we found a way to make it. to the Trentonian and to the city we She could be worn out, in despair inside, but both cherish. in' for me. She was desperate that night, be­ when she said that "perhaps," it always cause Houston, where she was, and Jamaica The articles follow: reassured me. [From the Trentonian, May 7, 1974] were far apart. Even if she had gone to My sister had gone into something called Jamaica, she knew she couldn't stop this one. the Job Corps. I'd heard football players like TRENTON EDITOR WINS PULITZER So she shut her eyes and her ears and went Johnny Unitas and Jim Brown talk it up, (By Jodine Mayberry) off by herself and she prayed-not for me to saying it would be a good thing for someone win, because she knew I usually did, but that Trentonian Editor F. Gilman Spencer has such as myself. But with my sister in it, I been awarded the Pulitzer Prize-the nation's I wouldn't get hurt. was up against its only-one-to-a-family rule. highest journalism award-for "distinguished My birthday is January 10th. It's now more When she finished, my mother said it was editorial writing." than 26 years since I was born to her, one of time for me to try it. The big athletes, my The award announced yesterday in New the seven children she would have. All the idols, they were for it. She signed the York, was given to Spencer for 10 editorials other six, workin' f.ull time, would never papers, OKing my going in, and off I went. he wrote in 1973 focusing public attention on cause her as much worry as I have, or as For awhile I was in Oregon, then went on scandals in New Jersey state government. many problems as I did, and I'm not proud to the big Job Corps Center near Pleasanton, Spencer, 48, of Princeton Township, origi­ of that. But bad as it might look at times, California. That was where life began to turn nally was nominated for the Pulitzer by even hopeless, she never gave up on me. another way for me. In a way, it was a long former U.S. Atty. Herbert J. Stern who felt She was the only strength, the only real shadow of my mother. She was always say­ he had to withdraw as nominator when he clinch I could fall into and save myself !or ing there would be a way, there had to be, was elevated to a federal district judgeship such a long time. When you're young-or that something would happen. At Pleas­ earlier this year. His successor, U.S. Atty. old-and there's only one sure thing in your anton, people were always showing me how Jonathan L. Goldstein, officially made the life, something you can rely on all the time to do new things, nothing like I'd thought nomination. day and night, it stands pretty tall there in of or done before, findin' new ways to keep The award marked the first time since Col­ your mind. me interested, busy. One of these was boxing, umbia University began to award Pulitzer How she ever held us all together was a after hours, in the recreation hall, and it got Prizes in 1917 that a Trenton newspaper has chore that would have made a giant pale, me on the 1968 Olympic team. My mother won it and only the third time that a New but she did it. She worked like a dog for didn't like that part at all. She had been in Jersey newspaperman received the coveted people, and since she was a lady barber, she position to referee most of my fights up to award. stood on her feet hours and hours which is then, busting them up right there in the Spencer, talking to Judge Stern over a tele­ hard enough all by itself. And with all of us, Houston streets. Now that I was far away, phone in the newsroom when the announce­ she had seven different, constant distrac­ the last idea in her mind about Job Corps ment came over the United Press Interna­ tions. I don't know whether she ever nicked was that it might encourage me to do more tional wire, threw the telephone in the air anybody while shavin' him, lettin' her fightin,' rather than less of it. and leapt into the air himself as staffers thoughts wander as to what we might be up When in those Olympics' bouts, I called her shouted, "You've got it, you've got it!" to, but it wouldn't surprise me. after every fight, and when I won the Gold Mrs. Isabel Spencer, a Trentonian staff One of the hardest chores she ever had to Medal. I was beatin' everybody, but her first writer, watched her husband's first initial do, I think, was to find some ways to keep questicn was always whether I'd been hurt, come over the wire, calmly observed, "There me busy at something, particularly after I her little boy, all 218 pounds of him. it is,'' and became speechless. couldn't make it with the books and quit When I turned professional and began to Spencer's nomination had been such a. school. She wanted to occupy me, and have work towards the championship, I set up a well-kept secret from most of the staff that me earn a little money. No matter what it personal corporation. It had to have officers only a handful of people "in the know" was, she would try to make it somehow ap­ to be legal and proper. There was never any gathered around the wire machines when the pear to be a right kind of a job. When I doubt in mind as to who one of those officers Pulitzer story started to come over. did work, and then spent my money foolishly would be, and her name is right there on the One reporter, who inquired what the fuss on cigarettes and wine, she didn't want me papers-Mrs. Nancy Ree Foreman, a retired was about, was told that the group was wait­ to do that; but it hurt her to say yes to my lady barber. She has had more to do with my ing for the Pulitzer announcements. workin' hard, and tl:;.en have to say no to being here, what I am today than any other "Oh," he sniffed and walked away uninter­ what seemed to me was what spending money human being. Nobody is self-made. I know ested and apparently convinced the article was for. that. And no man is ever too big to love his couldn't have anything to do with The Tren­ I had some awful jobs. Dish washing was mother, to be grateful that he has one. tonian. May 14, 1974 EX.TENSIONS OF REMARKS 14673 But when the shouts went up, newsroom a.nee of any impropriety, refrain from doing affixing its name to a one-sided, occasionally staffers ran over to the wire machine in dis· any act which might bring criticism to the malicious, politically oriented, pseudo report belief then gathered around Spencer in a federal court. that discounted the testimony of · a former tumult of congratulations. "In view of the outstanding editorials writ­ attorney general of New Jersey, who supplied Judge Stern, who gained a national repu­ ten by Mr. Spencer during the past year, I the information that led to Mr. Sherwin's tation for prosecuting political corruption in feel it ii:.cumbent upon me to continue my conviction... New Jersey, issued a statement saying, "The predecessor's effort and, therefore, I submit "We can only hope that SIC wlll remain work of the United States Attorney's Office to you Mr. Spencer's name ..." in the spotlight long enough for someone and its efforts towards the investigation and Goldstein went on to say that, "All too in authority to ask it some of the many prosecution of highly placed public officials often, we in government complain a.bout the questions its strange probe so conspicuously could not have gone forward without the press. I believe that we in government also failed to answer. support of the press of New Jersey. have an obligation to praise the press and "And then we can hope that it will be "Gil Spencer stood in the forefront of give recognition to a member of the journal­ formally disbanded and relegated to a place those efforts and when, from time to time, ism profession who has not only distin­ of shame, a place far, far a.way from New the (U.S. attorney's) office fell under attack guished himself by his courageous and well­ Jersey." from highly placed public officials who ob­ written editorials, but who has also served THE ONLY SOLUTION jected to our efforts to clean up the political the public interest well." "This cover-up business involving Attor­ environment of New Jersey, it was men like Among the 10 editorials submitted to the ney General George Kugler, convicted Sec­ Gil Spencer who by their editorial support Pulitzer committee were ones commenting retary of State Paul Sherwin, the State In­ made it possible to carry on." on the appointment of former Democratic vestigations Commission et al has gotten Spencer said, "This prize belongs to the Gov. Richard J. Hughes as chief Justice of completely out of hand, And if it is per­ staff of this newspaper every bit as much as the N.J. Supreme Court, the investigation mitted to continue out of control, New Jersey it belongs to me if not more. This staff, par­ conducted by the State Investigations Com­ will witness a monstrous political tragedy." ticularly Dave Neese (staff writer who covers mission of cover-up charges against former state politics), provided me with the infor­ State Atty. Gen. George F. Kugler, Jr., the THE KUGLER CONTROVERSY mation upon which those editorials were state's mismanagement of U.S. Government "Yesterday, we facetiously suggested that based. surplus property and the involvement of a the thoroughly discredited State Investiga­ "Also, without a brave publisher (Edward former state senator in a Nixon campaign tions Commission be called in to probe the L. Hoffman) few of those editorials would contribution scandal. latest charges against Mr. Kugler. But there have seen print. I'm delighted for myself, The Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing is no room for facetiousness today. The At­ for the paper and its editors and staff. I was cites as its test of excellence "clearness of torney General of New Jersey, the top law en­ encouraged by both Emil Slaboda (manag­ style, sound reasoning and power to influ­ forcement official in state government, stands ing editor) and Donald Murdaugh (city edi­ ence public opinion in what the writer con­ accused of conduct, which, if true, renders tor)," he said. ceives to be the right direction." him totally incapable of doing the job he has Hoffman said the award "is really a tre­ The prize carries with it a $1,000 monetary sworn to do. There must be some agency mendous personal achievement for Gil Spen - award. somewhere capable of resolving what might cer, and it is really a proud day for The The only two other New Jersey newsmen to be called the second Kugler controversy. Trentonian. receive the Pulitzer Prize a.s far as could be "Until it is resolved, no sane resident in "Integrity in government at all levels is so determined, were Lute Pease of the now de­ this state can have an instant's worth of essential today that a newspaper's role can funct Newark Evening News for cartooning confidence in either Mr. Kugler or his mighty best be fulfilled by exposing corruption wher­ in 1949 and W1lliam A. Caldwell of the Rec­ office." ever it exists. ord, Hackensack, for commentary in 1971. THE SURPLUS SCANDAL "A newspaper can best serve the public Spencer began his Journalistic career as a "Since no charges have been brought by attempting, in all phases of its editorial copy boy at the Philadelphia. Inquirer in against anyone, it cannot be assumed that operation, to be alert in reporting areas 1947. He went to Chester Times, now The Del­ anyone ls guilty of criminal conduct in this where officials misuse the trust placed in aware Dally Times, as an apprentice photog­ mess. What can be assumed, however, what them." rapher, then to the Mt. Holly Herald, now can be taken as an absolute article of faith Following a brie:t champagne party at the the Burlington County Herald, a weekly, as is that the U.S. surplus property program in paper, Spencer received congratulations from sports editor and photographer. New Jersey could have been more com­ public officials and colleagues in journalism, Spencer returned to the Chester paper as pletely conducted by a wayward garter including Gov. Brendan T. Byrne who issued a political and general assignment reporter snake than it was by the State of New Jer­ a statement saying, "My congratulations to in 1952. In 1959 he became editor of the Main sey." Gil Spencer for winning one of journalism's Line Times and left that post to become an MR. BYRNE'S TURN highest honors. This recognition of his color­ assistant city editor of The Philadelphia "The old political standards are far from ful and thought-provoking editorials is well Bulletin. dead in this state. But an astonishing num­ deserved." In 1964, Spencer became editorial director ber of federal indictments have bloodied David E. West, executive editor of the of WCAU-TV where he presented editorials them. Mr. Byrne knows all about those in­ Trenton Evening Times, telephones his per­ on the a.Ir. He ca.me to The Trentonian as dictments. He ought to. They helped elect sonal congratulations to Spencer. He then editor in 1967. him. The question is did they teach him any­ said, "The a.ward certainly speaks for itself. Spencer is the father of five children. thing he and this state wm profit from." This is an honor of which few newsmen in THE HUGHES NOMINATION New Jersey can boast." · EXCERPTS FROM PuLITZER PRIZE EDITORIALS Donald E. Lippincott, managing editor, and Ten Trentonla.n editorials, written by Edi­ "For eight years, Governor Hughes pre­ George E. Amick Jr., associate of The Eve­ tor F. Gilman Spencer, were considered by the sided over one of the most unspeakably cor­ ning Times also telephoned their congratu­ Pulitzer Price committee in making its award. rupt states in the memory of man. The cor­ lations. All of those submitted were concerned with ruption was, by and large, a joint product of Trenton Mayor Arthur J. Holland at first governmental and political scandals in the the mob and some extraordinarily innova­ didn't believe the news. "Are you kidding?" State of New Jersey. tive and cooperative politicians. God knows, he asked, "Are you serious?" Included in the 10-edltorial sample re­ what they were doing was nothing new to "(Spencer getting the Pulitzer) is as likely quired by the committee were editorials on: New Jersey or to Mr. Hughes' predecessors in as a streaker wearing a fur coat. That's some­ The State Investigations Commission's in­ office, nor was there any assurance that state thing he might say, isn't it," Holland joked vestigation of charges that the state attorney prosecutors could catch them at all. But as referring to Spencer's unusual writing style. general had turned his back on information the immensity of the cancer slowly became The mayor, who enjoys occasional verbal that later, in the hands of a federal prosecu­ evident, so did Mr. Hughes' reluctance to sparring matches with Spencer, has been tor, led to the conviction of the state's sec­ apply the lmife. Festering infections in New­ known to greet Trentonian reporters with, retary of state. ark, Jersey City and elsewhere were lanced by federal, not state, authorities. "How's your editor today? Still bouncing off Former Gov. Wllliam T. Ca.hill's failure to the planets?" get a "sabertoothed attorney general" to in­ "In another time, Mr. Hughes• reluctance Yesterday, he said, "It just proves that vestigate corruption charges. would have been attributed to adherence to anything can happen. I'm very pleased for Former State Sen. Harry Sears' briefcase of the then-prevailing standard and written the newspaper and the city." cash for the Nixon re-election fund. off. But it was that standard that damn near Goldstein, in a Jan. 25 letter to the Pulit­ The state's mis-management of U.S. gov­ drowned this state, that lured the Cahill Ad­ zer Prize Committee, noted that although ernment surplus property. ministration into temptation and cover-up, The appointment of former Gov. Richard and that plunged the country into the muck Stern had started the process of nominating of Watergate." Spencer, he felt that his elevation to a fed­ J. Hughes as chief Justice of the N.J. Supreme eral district judgeship made it necessary to Court. MR. CAHILL'S COLLEAGUES withdraw. Excerpts from nine of 10 editorials sub­ "This particular editorial isn't directed at "Although Judge Stern believes that there mitted for consideration by the Pulitzer Mr. Average or even at Mr. Slightly Above would be nothing improper for a member of Prize committees: Average. This editorial is for one man and the court to nominate Mr. Spencer for this THE SIC REPORT: ANOTHER LOOK one man alone-a man who will intimately award, Judge Stern has decided that he "The State Investigations Commission appreciate the significance of the names and should, in order to avoid even the appear- pros·tituted itself, vilely and nauseously, by the allegations. His name is Ca.hill. His cur- 14674 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 14, 1974 rent objective is to get himself reelected. His absence of strong, self-reliant women in chil­ mother works, but whose biased books show problem is that a bunch of his good !friends dren's books parallels the absence of sound other mothers taking children to the zoo and and close political associates keep popping labor history in school texts, a problem baking them chocolate cookies, can only be up in the damndest places . . . like on the examined in a previous Advance article. guessed. front pages of newspapers and smack in the The fact that half of all women 18 to 64 Fortunately, sexist bias no longer rules middle of criminal investigations." years of age are employed is never reflected the school curriculum unchallenged. It is UNANSWERED QUESTIONS in children's books. Caroline Bird in her now illegal in school texts and has been since study "Born Female," notes of books for June 1972, when Title IX of the Educational "Earlier this week, Mr. Hughes said it pre-s~hoolers: "The books do not show girl Amendments Act spelled it out: would be grossly improper for him to co~­ scientists. They don't show sisters leading "No person in the United States shall, on ment on the extortion convictions of his brothers. They don't show girls making dis­ the basis of sex, be excluded from participa­ former Secretary of State Robert Burkhardt coveries, creating inventions, making impor­ tion in, be denied benefits of, or be subjected and his former State Treasurer Robert Ker­ tant decisions that others of both sexes fol­ to discrimination under any education pro­ vick. He said it was impi·oper because both low." gra;111 or acti v~ty receiving Federal financial cases are still pending in the courts. He A brief look at the drawings in a typical assistance ... 1 termed a Trentonian reporter's request for primary reader illustrates the ongoing prob· Failure of a public or private school to such a comment 'outrageous' and he accused lem as children enter school. Four small pic­ the newspaper of conducting a 'vendetta' comply with Title IX may result in the with­ tures enliven the cover: two represent ani­ drawal of federal funds. against him. mals; one portrays a simpering woman ar­ "We believe that no request for a former Many school administrators, as well as ranging flowers on her hat; the fourth shows teachers and parents, are not aware of Title governor's comment on the criminal be­ a young boy piloting a rocket. havior of convicted cabinet officers can be !X's existence, certainly not of its implica­ Inside the reader, women fare no better tions for textbook content. However, at least fairly termed outrageous. than on the cover. The first section, entitled "We also believe that Mr. Hughes' views one suit has already been filed under Title "After Dark," includes five stories where the IX, against a particular school system, the Cln offical corruption, both as it specifically main character is male. The one active fe­ affected this state during his two terms and Kalamazoo Public Schools in Michigan. male character is an unimaginative mother Individual parents now possess enormous as it has generally affected this state and who won't allow her son to sleep outdoors the nation, are indisputably germane to any power to combat sexist bias in school texts. with his friend Stan. Once they are aware that sex discrimination comprehensive examination of his qualifica­ Twenty illustrations in the section depi?t tions for Chief Justice." is a threat to children's understanding of male characters; female characters appear m their own economic situation, to the chil­ THE SEARS TESTIMONY only five. Besides the scolding mother, there dren's self-image and to their scholastic "Because the Vesco-Sears-Nixon-Cam­ is one other female, a girl playmate of Stan's achievement, parents can inform particular paign-Contribution case is so disgustingly who seconds his pronouncements about the school administrations of their dissatisfac­ fascinating, so revoltingly obscene, so basi­ stars as the two children study the darken­ tion with the curriculum. If no change in cally indicative of the fraud, hypocrisy and ing twilight sky. teaching materials is forthcoming, parents corruption around us that even the most Junior high and high school students also may file complaints with the Office for Civil pious, biased, know-nothing Republican read inaccurate descriptions of reality. No Rights, H.E.W., Washington, D.C. 20201. vegetable this side of Saturn should find it school history texts inform the union mem­ Further information on sexist bias in worthy of his attention ... sooner or later. ber's children that some of the earliest pi­ school texts and suggested parental action "The mere thought of someone of Mr. oneers of the labor movement were women to combat it is available from each of the Sear's reputation involved in such a situa­ and that women continue today to press for following sources: tion is alone enough to make men pray." careers equal in salary, interest and respon­ Lucy Simpson, Chairwoman, Textbook sibility to the careers of men. Committee, National Organization for Wom­ Besides neglecting to mention female par­ en, 744 Carroll St., Brooklyn, N.Y. ticipation in historical events, texts use lan­ Women on Words and Images, P.O. Box guage that tends to be prejudicial towards WHY ARE WORKING WOMEN 2163, Princeton, N.J. 08540. women. For example: "Brave men won the The Feminist Press, SUNY/College at Old MISSINO FROM KIDS' BOOKS? west," "The average American is proud of Westbury, N.Y. 11568. his heritage." Women won the West too. Women are also average Americans. Language that uses the masculine noun or HON. DONALD M. FRASER pronoun for both male and female is beyond OF MINNESOTA the understanding of most students to fully POLICE OFFICERS CALLED "THE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES grasp. The definite suggestion that man is CITY'S FINEST" brave, proud, strong, while woman has no Tuesday, May 14, 1974 share in bravery, pride or strength, is ines­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, there has capable. HON. LESTER L. WOLFF been increasing awareness of late that "In the real world, there are 100 women OF NEW YORK children's books-especially textbooks­ for every 95 men. Yet in the books read by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES schoolchildren, there are over seven times do not portray the world as it really is. as many men as women and over twice as Tuesday, May 14, 1974 Take the picture of women, for example. many boys as girls." So states Alma Graham, Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, on patriotic Not only are fewer women shown than who examined 1,000 school texts on all sub­ men, but they are shown in limited roles: jects, in her capacity as editor of the "Amer­ occasions, when we feel good about our girls are shown admiring what the boys ican Heritage Dictionary" for children. country, our city, ourselves, our police do· women are shown cooking or clean­ From the content of the books our society officers are called "The City's Finest." in~ up. This vision of society persists at designs for its children, we might conclude But most of the time, those men and a time when half or all women 18 to 64 that America does not expect--or perhaps women who protect our families, our even want-woman to be creative, enterpris­ homes, our society, are sorely maligned. are employed outside the home. ing individuals. And children, experts agree, Among those concerned about this lop­ Some take them for granted. Some call tend to live up to society's expectations of them insulting names. Some debase their sided portrayal of women are working them. women themselves, as the following arti­ That children do indeed fulfill society's job. Until we need them and then it is cle from the Amalgamated Clothing expectations was recently documented by a a different story. When we are feeling Worker's January Advance shows so conference at Harvard University. The par­ patriotic and proud of those men and ticipants noted: "Boys everywhere are more women who hold our trust, they have well: interested in science and do better on tests little time to enjoy flag waving. They [Prom the Advance, January 1974] (than girls)." The gap in performance widens are too busy keeping this country to­ WHY ARE WORKING WOMEN MISSING FROM as students grow older. Test differences, the gether. Keeping us alive. Keeping us Kms' BOOKS? scholars concluded, are attributable to a very safe. The New York Daily News ran an (By Anne S. Rivera) simple cause: sexist bias. ad that describes the New York City There are almost 13 million mothers among No one can gauge to what extent sexist police force. But you can insert the name the 33 million women in the nation's labor bias may deprive the world of important sci­ of any city, any town. I commend JGE force. entific discoveries by females. Emotional con­ And the books available to their children, flict in a woman· forced by economic neces­ Appliance-Furniture-Carpet Stores for whether toddlers or high school students, are sity to become a wage earner, but nurtured this eloquent commentary on our police usually books that undermine mother's im­ on the bias that she is "supposed" to stay officers. I would like my colleagues to portance as a wage earner, echoing the old home and care for her family, cannot be read this tribute. It is something which saying, "Woman's place is in the home." The measured. The confusion of a child whose we forget far too often. May 14, 1974 :EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14675

I AM A SHIELD The lead editorial in the current issue . people, and he is now to be reinstated as a major ally and beneficiary of American tech­ A New York police officer's shield. Just an of Near East Report presents an articu­ nology and defense. Syria has been consist­ ordinary piece of metal. But I work with an late and probing look at the emerging ently anti-American; it rejected a U.S. Point extraordinary person. U.S. policy in the Middle East. I am in­ Four mission as far back as 1951. People call him many things-cop, dick, serting it in the RECORD at this point: We do not oppose some economic aid to flatfoot, bull, even pig. But mostly, they call APPREHENSION-AND ASSURANCE these countries, but we find it difficult to him whenever there's trouble. A robbery. A accept the idea of strengthening their mili­ heart attack. An accident. A traffic jam. A Ever since October, there has been a sharp debate over American policy in the Middle tary capability at this juncture. We can fire. A lost child. A mad dog. A would-be understand that the Administration may be suicide on a. roof or ledge. And he always East. Pessimists have feared that Israel, de­ spite her military victory, would face Mu­ seeking to coalesce Arab states to work for answers the call. No matter what they call military disengagement from Israel, as well him. nich-like pressures to offer sacrifices to the Arabs, either in our Government's pursuit of as for diplomatic disengagement from a pro­ He's underpaid. Works long, ever shifting Soviet orientation. But we are a long way hours. Days. Nights. Sundays. Holidays. Fair detente with the Soviet Union or in the prosecution of the Cold War. !rom peace and a genuine detente. cease­ weather. And foul. Yet he wouldn't trade fires are easily violated and disengagement his job for anything. Such fears have been held by many Is­ raelis and by a considerable segment of the agreements are not synonymous with non .. He loves New York. No one knows better belligerence. than he that our town has problems. Push­ American Jewish community. But Secretary Kissinger has allayed rr.uch of this concern We could be more sympathetic to the Ad­ ers. Chiselers. Crooks. Law-breakers. All ministration's proposals if the road signs to kinds of crime. And lots of citizens who by his remarkable success in winning the confidence and respect of both Arabs and Is­ peace were visible and easily read, if there don't want to get involved. Who keep their were no Soviet detours or PLO ambushes eyes and ears closed. Who don't and won't raelis. Moreover, American public opinion continues to support Israel. Fears that the around the bend, and if Arabs and Israelis help. were traveling together in the same direction. But he al~o knows that most New Yorkers diplomatic devaluation of Israel might be fa­ are honest, decent, law-abiding people who cilitated and rationalized by an erosion of love their city, too. Who, when the chips public support have proved unwarranted. are down, will help their neighbors. Who will Last fortnight--although several unfor­ ANTIBUSING AMENDMENTS TRY TO support the police officer who may be called tunate developments revived and deepened TURN BACK THE CLOCK to risk his life on their behalf. fears-there was a surge of reassurance from He's no superman. He's only all too mor­ congressional leaders and Administration tal. If someone shoots him he bleeds-some­ spokesmen who participated in the AIPAC HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL times dies in the service of his fellow citi­ policy conference. OF NEW YORK zens. These were the items of concern: Support him. Call him when there's trou­ Defying the UN cease-fire resolution, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ble. But don't call him names. Thank him Syrians escalated their War of Attrition. The Tuesday, May 14, 1974 for the thankless job he does for all of us. UN Security Council did nothing to Curb He's what we've got between us and the Syria; it reserved its indignation for a cen­ Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, tomorrow jungle. sure resolution against Israel's anti-terrorist the Senate will vote on a series of I'm a shield. And proud to be stuck on sortie into Lebanon. The United States voted amendments to the Elementary and Sec­ some pretty wonderful guys and gals. for that resolution, even though the Council ondary Education Act of 1974. The tim­ rejected a U.S. amendment to include con­ demnation of the Kirya.t Shemona massacre. ing of these important votes has brought This was a retreat to pre-1972 expediency. them to particular national attention, for While we a.re confident that Kissinger has they are being held during the week in APPREHENSION-AND ASSURANCE not drawn a map of the boundaries still to which we are commemorating the 20th be negotiated, Arab expectations, judging by anniversary of the historic decision · by Sadat's recent statements, have been raised the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown a.gainst HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL to extravagant heights. (The Rogers plan of the Board of Education. OF NEW YORK 1969 is still extant.) The Israel public an­ ticipates heavy diploma.tic pressure. As we face this crucial Senate debate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Administration's aid programs for tomorrow on amendments which I be­ Tuesday, May 14, 1974 Arab states are substantial and may prove to lieve are unconstitutional and are at the be premature. While U.S. dollars may be nec­ minimum a negation of the Brown deci­ Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, for essary to cement disengagements, the exper­ sion and the progress we have made in some time I have been deeply concerned ience of the Eisenhower and Kennedy ad­ race relations in the last 20 years, I hope about the apparent shift in American ministrations has shown that regimes which our colleagues in the Senate have the policy in the Middle East. The Nixon ad­ are bought--or hired-have excessive appe­ courage to vote for what is right and to ministration seems to be trying to outbid tites, short memory gratitude and short life tw·n away from responding to those who t~e Soviet Union for Arab friendship and expectancy. The Administration's 1975 aid program for would end this progress and try to turn 011, and one of the chips on the table is Israel is disappointing when compared with the clock back to 1954. Israel's security. our Government's substantial and generous I place in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD A cease-fire and disengagement of response during the war last fall. The costs an editorial from the May 11, 1974 edi­ Syrian and Israeli forces can stop the and casualties of war are heavy, and to these tion of the New York Amsterdam News shooting and killing for the time being, we must add the costs of reconstruction and entitled "1954 Decision in Jeopardy." I but such an agreement, even one nego­ rehabllitation. Yet, even while the shooting hope that my colleagues will carefully tiated by the American Secretary of continues, the Arab states are being rein­ forced by Soviet and American weapons. This read and heed this message. State, cannot be a substitute for a last­ I also enclose a letter which I sent last ing peace agreement. This can only come too, seems as a step backward. BUT, ADMINISTRATION NOT ABANDONING week to Clarence Mitchell, director of about as the result of direct negotiations the Washington Bureau of the NAACP between the parties themselves. ISRAEL The Arab states know that it is very much setting forth my position on the pres~ The Secretary of State should not in America's interest to maintain Israel's ently pending Senate antibussing overlook Israel's need for secure and strength, for a vulnerable Israel would amendments: recognized boundaries as an effective weaken U.S. influence and power. THE 1954 DECISION IN JEOPARDY barrier against further Arab aggression. But we would like to think that American It is ironic that as we mark the 20th an­ It would be a mistake for the United policy is motivated not only by econo.mic and niversary of the 1954 Supreme Court school States to press Israel too hard for con­ military objectives in the national interest, desegregation decision, there is a determined cessions that will leave her overly de­ but also by moral criteria. We are prone move in Congress to set the clock back to pendent on international agreements for to forget past wrongs and to sue for the favor the segregated status of 1953. of those who are guilty of aggression. we On March 26 of this year the House passed her security. abandon principle. Thus, we permit the hopes The United States must not forget that the Esch Amendment by a vote of 293 to for economic, diplomatic and strategic gain 117. It proposes that Congress find as a fact while others may follow the lure of Arab to supersede and silence moral judgment. that transportation of students creates oil, this country is the only friend Is- It was Sadat who opened the war against serious risks to their health and safety. 1·ael has in the world community of Israel in October, but he is now to be re­ 2. It holds that assignment of children to nat~ons. To a very large extent, her se­ warded, handsomely, by American favor. It public schools on a neighborhood basis is curity and her survival depend on that was King Faisal who more than anyone else NOT a denial of equal educational oppor­ friendship. wielded the oil weapon against the American tunity. 14676 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 1/,i, 1974 3. It would forbid the implementation of de jure segregated schools in accordance with posed amendments and possibly com­ any desegregation plans that would require · the Constitutional mandate. ment on them to the committee is re­ the transportation of any student to a school The latest regressive legislative assault on other than the closest to his residence. busing-and on integration-is presently quested to communicate that desire ad­ 4. It proposes the modification of Title VI centered in the United States Senate where dressed as follows: Congressman WIL­ of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which au­ the proposed Gurney, Ervin, and Scott-Mans­ LIAM L. HUNGATE, chairman, Subcommit­ thorizes civil action in Federal Courts for field Amendments, to the Elementary and tee on Criminal Justice, Committee of demal of equal educational opportunity. Secondary Act of 1974 threaten to eliminate the Judiciary, room 2137 Rayburn House Another amendment offered by Rep. John or severely limit the use of busing as a tool Office Building, Washington, D.C. 20515. M. Ashbrook (R. Ohio) would forbid the ex­ for the achievement of integrated education. Since the proposed amendments be­ penditure of Federal funds for busing to I and the other members of the Congres­ come effective automatically on August achieve desegregation. sional Black Caucus oppose each and every Comparable amendments are being offered one of these amendments and any other 1 unless a statute is enacted providing in the Senate. One of them, submitted by amendment that would prohibit the use of otherwise with respect to all or any of Sen. Edward J. Gurney (R. Fla.), would pro­ Federal funds for the transportation of stu­ them, it is essential that all comments hibit busing, reopen all court-ordered de­ dents in connection with court ordered de­ be received as promptly as possible. segregation plans submitted by the Depart­ segregation just as we have unanimously ment of Health, Education and Welfare, and opposed such amendments, including the forbid new desegregation orders. The Gurney current Ashbrook amendment, in the House provision would be substituted for Title of Representatives. PANAMA CANAL: VITAL TO U.S. VIII of S. 1539-the Education Amendment I am disturbed that some of our friends in INTERESTS Act of 1974. the House and Senate no longer find it pos­ DEMAGOGUERY AT WORST sible to support our continued commitment to integrated education; I am distressed that HO . JOHN M. ASHBROOK This being an election year, when the this politically expedient position is being OF OHIO Watergate cloud hanging over the landscape justified, in some instances, on the grounds IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sends politicians scurrying for issues to di­ that the Black community, and more spe­ vert the voters' attention from their own cifically the Congressional Black Caucus, op­ Tuesday, May 14, 1974 credibility problems, busing and school de­ pose busing as a means for the achievement segregation are sure-fire issues to seize upon of integrated education. I therefore, on the Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, oppo­ and delude the electorate. eve of the 20th anniversary of the Brown sition to giving the Panama Canal to It is demagoguery at its worst. Not only decision, take this opportunity to reaffirm Panama continues to mount. Nonethe­ is it immoral, it is further damaging to Black our commitment to the providing of full and less, the administration seems deter­ and brown children already handicapped equal educational opportunity for all chil­ mined to continue its ill-advised at­ by years of being disadvantaged. dren and our unqualified opposition to legis­ tempts to abandon American sovereignty It is an intolerable situation that calls for late measures that would deny this equality collective action. The member papers of the over the Canal Zone. of opportunity by preventing the desegrega­ Secretary of State Kissinger has ini­ National Newspaper Publishers Association tion required by Brown. hereby go on record to say to the Congress Sincerely, tialed a "Joint Statement of Principles" of the United States, "Stop playing politics CHARLES B. RANGEL, with Panamanian officials. Dr. James P. with our children's lives and their welfare." Member of Congress. Lucier has analyzed these principles and Those who support such reactionary legis­ discussed the importance of the canal for lation as the Esch Amendment must be re­ garded as the enemjes of Black and brown the United States. His article appears in children and, indeed, of all children and PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO FED- the spring 1974 issue of Strategic Review America. itself. ERAL RULES OF CRIMINAL and deserves the attention of all con­ Their actions must be remembered at the PROCEDURE cerned about American national security polls in November, 1974. Respect for law is and interests. Just as incumbent upon lawmakers as it is HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE At this point, I include in the RECORD upon.ordinary citizens. excerpts of Dr. Lucier's article: OF MISSOURI PANAMA CANAL: Focus OF POWER POLITICS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MAY 7, 1974. (By Dr. James P. Lucier) Mr. CLARENCE MITCHELL, Tuesday, May 14, 1974 Director, Washington Bureau, National As­ On February 7, 1974, U.S. Secretary of State, sociation for the Advancement of Col­ Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, on May Henry A. Kissinger arrived in Panama City ored People, Washington, D.C. 2, 1974, I inserted in the CONGRESSIONAL with a company of newsmen, State Depart­ DEAR MR. MITCHELL: Once again you are ment officials, and Members of Congress. He RECORD the proposed amendments to the was there to "initial" a Joint Statement of involved in leading a fight to preserve the Rules of Criminal Procedure, which had right to quality, integrated education which Principles for negotiations on a new Panama many of us believed was won for minority been sent to the Congress by the Chief Canal Treaty. children twenty years ago with the historic Justice of the United States on April 22, The Secretary offered more than the usual decision of the United States Supreme Court 1974. At that time I noted that the gesture of diplomatic optimism.... He spoke in Brown v. Board of Education which de­ amendments would become effective on of the new canal arrangements in the con­ clared segregated education unconstitutional August 1, 1974, unless prior to that date text of worldwide international develop­ and called for desegregation "with all de­ ments, and of the exercise of power by the the Congress acted to provide otherwise. United States--on United States territory­ liberate speed." My purpose in publishing the proPQsed In the twenty years since the Brown deci­ as though it were something less than proper. amendments was to advise the Members THE PAST AS PROLOG sion we as black people have come to realize of the House of Representatives and the that our constitutional rights, although per­ The program which Secretary Kissinger manently secured by the landmark civil U.S. Senate of their existence and to en­ promised in Panama is not new. It is simi­ rights decisions of the Supreme Court and courage the Members of Congress to call lar to th~ program drafted for President the equally historic civil rights legislation them to the attention of those of their Lyndon Johnson when world power relation­ passed by the Congress ana. signed by Presi­ constituents who might be in a position ships were dramatically different and some dents Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson, to advise the Congress as to their spoke of the Panama Canal as though it were must be continually protected from the at­ desirability. expendable. The passage of a tumultuous tacks of those who seek to undermine the The House Committee on the Judiciary decade has proved the wisdom o! those who Constitutional guarantees of equality of op­ insisted that the Panama Canal is essential portunity for all citizens. has circulated the proposed amendments to our nationhood ... Among the most persistent of these attacks to the State bar association of each of The basic concepts of the Joint Statement 1n recent years has been the effort to stop the 50 States and the District of Colum­ of Principles were laid down almost a decade the progress toward integrated education bia, the Chief Judges of the U.S. District 'ago by President Johnson, following the through attempts to prohibit the busing of Courts and Courts of Appeals, the U.S. Communist-inspired Panama riots of Janu­ S!::hool children for the purpose of integra­ Department of Justice, the American Bar ary 1964. What was then offered as a panicky tion. "Busing" has become one of the most response to a manipulated crisis is now pre­ emotion-filled issues in our nation as a result Association, the Federal Bar Association, sented as a permanent solution ... of the relentless manipulation of the fears of and numerous other individuals and or­ In the summer of 1973, Ambassador-at­ parents and the cynical misrepresentation of ganizations in a position to be helpful to Large Ellsworth Bunker was appointed as the amount, nature, and purpose of the bus­ the Congress in performing its task of head of the U.S. negotiating team, supplant­ ing that has been ordered by local jurisdic­ evaluating them. ing Ambassador Robert B. Anderson. The tions and, in very few instances, the Federal Any other interested individuals or or­ Principles were negotiated by Ambassador courts, to achieve the racial integration of ganizations wishing to examine the pro- Bunker during trips to Panama in December May 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14677 1973, and January 1974. These dates are sig­ smallest holds great significance. In the past, with Nicaragua if the Colombian negotia­ nificant because Ambassador Bunker was our negotiation would have been determined tions failed-the Panamanians revolted. The simultaneously negotiating in Jerusalem the by relative stren~th. Today we have come Hay-Bunau-Varilla treaty, with its perpe­ Middle Ea.st peace agreement and the re­ together in an act of concmation." tuity clause, was the inducement offered by opening of the Suez Canal. He accomplished The unreality of this statement speaks the new Republic to prevent construction ot both missions by commuting back and forth for itself. The notion that power is unre­ the in teroceanic canal in Nicaragua. between Panama City and Jerusalem. lated to responsibility is contrary to the 3. Termination of United States jurisdic­ Ambassador Bunker was not unfamiliar simple realities of life. The implication that tion over Panamanian territory shall take with the Panama problem. As the U.S. rep­ an unequa,l relaitionship is incompatible place promptly in accordance with terms resentative to the Organization of American with justi.9e is difficult to understand. We specified in the treaty. States in 1964, he played a major role in have been more t.h_an fair to Panama, grant­ At the present time, the United States has formulating and articulating U.S. policy ing concessions not required by considera­ no jurisdiction over Panamanian territorv vis-a-vis the Republic of Pansma. It was in tions of equity. and the Republic of Panama has no jurisdic:. this forum that Panama brought charges of The ceremony in Panama City involved an tion over U.S. territory. Responsibility i s U.S. aggression during the 1964 riots. The official visit with the "initialing" of a "Joint clearly delineated. The metes and bounds of charges were never substantiated, and Am­ Statement of Principles" for negotiations the Canal Zone described l':>y the Price­ bassador Bunker denied them forthl'-ightly. on a new Panama Canal Treaty. Such initi­ LeFevre Boundary Convention of 1914 define But he also announced at the OAS nieeting ating ceremonies are usually reserved for the what is indisputably territory of the United that the United States stood ready for re­ actual treaty draft. Here the Secretary gave States. Mistakenly referred to sometimes as the ritual trappings of a treaty to something a "lease", the territorial transfer was accom­ consideration of all issues-may I repeat, plished by "grant", a word which signifies all issues between the two countries-in­ which was not constitutionally a treaty, and which would not have to be sent to the the transfer of title in fee simple, a fact con­ cluding those arising from the Canal and firmed by the United States Supreme Court.a from the treaties relating to it.... " 1 This Senate for advice and consent. The formality with which the Principles There is no more reason to give this territory was an open reference to the chief demand to Panama than to give the Louisiana. Pur­ of Panama, the abrogation of United States were handled tends to pre-empt further ne­ gotiations on essential points. Once such chase back to France, or Alaska back to the sovereignty in the Zone. Soviet Union. The United States paid Pan­ By September 1964, President Johnson an­ points are conceded, the details of surrender­ _ing U.S. jurisdiction, to be worked out in ama $10 million as "the price or compensa­ nounced that formal negotiations were in­ tion", plus $250,000 annually, the latter rep­ deed to be opened, and that they were to be the treaty, are unimportant. The design of this act is to commit the country to new resenting the annual fee formerly paid to premised upon abrogation of the 1903 treaty. Colombia by the Panama Railroad (a pri­ These negotiations, conducted by Ambas­ relationships without congressional approval, then to offer a treaty for routine approval. vately owned venture, bought out by the sador Anderson, continued until September United States). 24, 1965, when President Johnson issued a The treaty, when and if it is achieved, will be a mere appendage to the Joint Statement In addition, private claims were extin­ progress report which defined broad areas guished by a U.S.-Panama Joint Commission of agreement that had been reached. of Principles. The eight Principles of the Joint State­ which purchased the titles from the private In 1967, the Johnson Administration com­ owners at fair market value under eminent pleted the drafts of three treaties, one trans­ ment are worth examining one by one: 1. The treaty of 1903 and its amendments domain. In all, the United States has in­ ferring the administration of the Canal to will be abrogated by the conclusion of an en­ vested $163.7 million in acquiring the Canal an "international entity" bilaterally oper­ tirely new interoceanic canal treaty. Zone, excluding construction and protection, ated by the United States and the Republic Although the Statement of Principles does making it the most expensive territorial pur­ of Panama; a second concerning defense; not mention sovereignty, it is indeed U.S. chase in United States history.a Including and a third laying down principles for con­ sovereignty over the Canal Zone which the defense, the Panama Canal represents an struction of a new canal of so-called sea proposed negotiations are designed to termi­ investment of about $6 billion. level design at an undetermined date. The nate. The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty of 1903 drafts of these treaties were never signed. is the instrument by which the Republic of 2 Wilson v. Sb,aw, 204 U.S. 24,907, at 132,33: Two of them were published by the Chicago Panama "grants to the United States all the "This new republic [Panama] has by treaty Tribune, and the third was read into the rights, power and authority within the zone granted to the United States rights, terri­ Congressional Record, by U.S. Senator Strom ... which the United States would possess torial and otherwise .•• A treaty with it Thurmond. The reaction in Congress, led and exercise as if it were the sovereign of [Panama] ceding the Canal Zone, was duly by Thurmond and by Congressman Dan the territory within which said lands and ratified .... Congress has passed several acts Flood of Pennsylvania, made it inexpedient waters are located to the entire exclusion of based upon the title of the United States, to submit the drafts of the treaties to the the exercise by the Republic of Panama of among them one to provide a temporary gov­ Senate. any such sovereign rights, power, or author­ ernment. . .. It is hypercritical to contend Meanwhile, the treaties also became in­ ity." The language of this treaty is sui that the title of the United States is im­ volved in the Panamanian election cam­ generis. It establishes the United States as perfect, and that the tenitory described does paigns of President Marco Robles and Ar.. the lawful sovereign in every respect, to the not belong to this nation, because of the nulfo Arias. Arias won, but eleven days after entire exclusion of any exercise of sovereignty omission of some of the technical terms used his election, he was swept out of office by a by Panama.. Without this clause the Panama in ordinary conveyances of real estate." mllita.ry junta led by the present chief of Canal would never have been built; and 3 The major territorial acquisitions of the state, General Omar Torrijos. This coup gave without it, the United States could not suc­ United States are as follows: Pana.ma. its fifty-ninth government in sev­ cessfully maintain control of the Canal. The enty years. 1903 treaty has been amended twice by the 1803 Louisiana Purchase ______$15,000,000 1821 Florida Purchase ______These failures of the sixties brought no treaties of 1936 and 1955, yet the sovereignty 6,674,000 new approach for the seventies. . . . State and perpetuity clauses have never been 1848 Mexican Cession, including Department policy adheres to the premise touched. California ------15,000,000 that a surrender of U.S. sovereignty in the Panama's only interest in the Canal Zone 1853 Gadsden Purchase,______10, 000,, 000 Canal Zone is necessary to the improvement 1867 Alaska Purchase______7,200,000 is that of "titular sovereignty", a phrase 1904 Canal Zone______of relations with the 'Republic of Panama which leaves Panama. with the right of a 163,718,571 and with Latin America. residuary legatee, i.e., if the United States The Canal Zone purchase breaks down as THE JOINT STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES chose to withdraw from the Canal Zone, the follows: The philosophy of the Joint Statement of territory would revert to Panama and not to Republic of Panama: Principles is suggested by these words of some other country. Original Payment, 1904 (1903 Secretary Kissinger at Panama City: 2. The concept of perpetuity will be elimi­ Treaty) ------­ 10,000,000 "Seventy years ago, when the Panama nated. The new treaty concerning the lock Annuity, 1913-73 (1903, 1936, canal shall have a fixed termination date. Canal was begun, strength and influence 1955 Treaties)------­ 49,300,000 remained the foundation of world order. The concept of perpetuity is a necessary Property transfers: "Today we live in a profoundly trans­ concomitant of sovereignty and of the nature Property in Panama City of the project for which sovereignty was formed environment.... Power has grown so and Colon (1943)------­ 11,759,956 monstrous that it defies calculation; the acquired. The Spooner Act of 1902, which au­ Water system in Panama quest for justice has become universal. A thorized negotiations with Colombia for the City and Colon ______669,226 stable world order cannot be imposed by Canal route, mandated the President to ob­ 1955 Treaty transfers ______22,260,500 power; it must derive from consensus. Man­ tain "perpetual control" of the necessary ter­ kind can achieve community only on the ritory. The Hay-Herran Treaty of 1903, never Subtotal Panama ______93,989,682 ratified by Colombia, specified a concession of basis of shared aspirations. Colombia (1922)------­ 25,000,000 "That is why the meeting today between ope hundred years, renewable at the sole dis­ Compagnie Nouvelle du Canal cretion of the United States. When the in­ representatives of the most powerful nation de Panama (1904)------­ 40,000,000 of the Western Hemisphere and one of the ternal operations of Colombian politics 4,728,889 threatened to deprive the residents of Pan­ Private titles, stocks and claims_ 1 Department of State Bulletin, February ama of the prospective canal-the Spooner 24, 1964, p. 802. Act also mandated the President to negotiate Total ------163,718,571 14678 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 14, 1974 4. The Panamanian territory in which the administrative decisions to the judgments would profoundly affect the economies of the canal is situated shall l'Je returned to the of two powers could cause confusion or Western nations, including Japan. The ef­ jurisdiction of the Republic of Panama. The paralysis in Canal operations. fects would be more severe than those of the Republic of Panama, in its capacity, as terrt­ 7. The Republic of Panama shall partici­ Suez closing because of the diversity of Pan­ t:nial sovereign. shall grant to the United pate with the United States of America. in ama. cargoes. Suez traffic was chiefly in oil. States of America, for the duration of the the protection and defense of the canal in Petroleum and petroleum products consti­ new interoceanic canal treaty and in accord­ accordance with what is agreed upon in the tute the largest single category of cargoes ~nce with what that treaty states, the right new treaty. through the Panama Canal, but they only t.:> use the lands, waters, and airspace which The extent to which Panama can partici­ account for 18.2 per cent of total cargo move­ may be necessary for the operation, main­ pate in the protection and defense of the ment. Grains and soybeans account for 15.8 tenance, protection and defense of the canal Canal is unclear. If this participation is to per cent; Coal and coke for 11.1 per cent; and the transit of ships. be meaningful, the defense of the canal iron and steel manufactures, 7.7 per cent; The Canal is not situated in Panamanian would be subject to differences arising be­ nitrates, phosphates, and potash, 6.3 per t:rrttory. It is situated in United States terri­ tween the two countries. Previous proposals cent; lumber, 5.7 per cent, and so on. The t.Jry. U sovereignty were transferred to the to share defense range from a cumbersome trade of the world goes through the Panama Eepublic of Panama, the United States would and inoperable mixed commission for emer­ Canal. become only a leaseholder, even though it gency decisionmaking-proposed in the draft While the percentage of Japan's trade had an agreement to operate, maintain, and 1967 treaties-to Panama's more recent de­ through the Pana.ma Canal is only 10.7 per defend the Canal. At best, the United States mands that no United States troops remain cent, its loss could nevertheless be extremely would be in a position analogous to that of a on the Isthmus for any purpose. Since the disruptive. Japan's coal and coke shipped status-of-forces agreement, such as we have future course of Panamanian leadership or from Hampton Roads through the Canal ls for military bases a.broad ... Such agreements the influence of external powers cannot be used to make steel, which in turn is used to are not very durable, no matter how strong foreseen, the United States could conceivably build automobiles and ships which are then our friendship with an ally seems to be. be put in the position of having to defend sent back through the Canal to East Coast As the recognized sovereign in the Canal the Canal against a sovereign Panama or to and European ports. Zone1 the United States now has the unques­ withdraw. Similarly, only 16.8 per cent of United tioned right to take any action it deems 8. The United States of America and the States trade goes through the Canal. But a necessary to operate and defend the Canal. Republic of Panama, recognizing the impor­ different picture emerges when statistics re­ If the United States were merely the guest of tant services rendered by the interoceanid· veal that a constant average, down through a host country, the power of the sovereign Panama Canal to international maritime the years, of about seventy per cent of all to evict it from the Canal would invite inter­ traffic, and bearing in mind the possibility cargo through the Canal is bound either national pressures to that end... that the present canal could become inade­ from or to a U.S. port. About 40 per cent 5. The Republic of Panama shall have a. originates in the U.S. and 28 per cent ls just and equitable share of the benefits de­ quate for said traffic, shall agree bilaterally destined to the U.S. When these cargoes are rived from the operation of the canal and its on provisions for new projects which will viewed in terms of specific markets-the territory. It is recognized that the geo­ enlarge canal capacity. Such provisions will be incorporated in the new treaty in accord coal industry in West Virginia, the grain graphic position of its territory constitutes belt in the Midwest, crude and residual oil the principal resource of the Republic of with the concepts established in Principle 2. for the Northeast--it becomes clear that dis­ Panama.. The only viable proposal for expansion of locations in the U.S. economy could take The Republic of Panama already enjoys a canal capacity is the Terminal Lake-Third place if the Canal were closed by accident just and equitable share of the benefits de­ Locks Plan developed within the canal or­ or design. rived. from the operation of the Canal, even ganization during World War II, estimated As far as the La.tin American countries a.re though it is operated in United States terri­ to cost $1 billion. The plan itself has been concerned, their trade dependency upon tory. The $250,000 annual payment was endorsed by experienced canal experts, ship­ shipments through the Panama. Can.al is of raised to $430,000 when the dollar went off ping interests, engineers, navigators, and great significance. For Chile, 34.3 per cent of the gold standard in the thirties. This sum ecological groups, and now lies before Con­ her trade goes through the Canal; for Colom­ is paid from tolls. In 1955, an.additional $1.5 gress. The only alternative to receive serious con­ bia., 82.5 per cent; for Costa. Rica, 27.2 per million was added, paid from U.S. State cent; for Ecuador, 51.4 per cent; for El Department contingency funds. sideration is the proposal for a sea level canal Salvador, 66.4 per cent; for Guatemala, 30.9 The United States, by contrast, does not conventionally excavated in an area. a few per cent; for Nicaragua., 76.8 per cent; for take a penny from tolls ..• miles west of the present channel. This sea Peru, 41.3 per cent; for Venezuela, 7.4 per But the benefits to Panama. from tolls do level canal, proposed in 1970 by the Atlantic• cent. Panama. itself has 29.4 per cent of its not represent its chief benefits. Panama bene­ Pacific Interoceanic Canal Study Commis­ trade go through the Canal. In some of these fits also from the $65.5 million payroll paid sion, carried a $3 billion price tag and has cases the tonage involved is small when com­ to Panamanian citizens, from the skills and never been seriously advanced because of the pared to overall tonnage through the Canal. business organization taught the employees cost, the ecological hazards, and the uncer­ But for the countries involved, any inter­ of the Canal Company, and from the re­ tainty of the treaty negotiations. Moreover, ference with that trade would seriously in­ search projects on tropical diseases and it is doubtful that Congress would authorize terfere with the standard of living of the sanitation that still continue. Panama is the construction and appropriate the necessary people. All have a vital interest in the con­ highest per capita recipient of U.S. AID pro­ funds for a canal project with a fixed ter­ tinued efficient and economical o:peration of grams, and is preeminent among Latin Amer­ mination date. the Canal. ican economies. In recent years it has be­ STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS Suddenly, an era of scarcity ha..s dramati­ come the international banking center of In the 1950s, debates raged over whether cally altered p·atterns of international trade. Latin America, with a total of fifty-eight or not the Canal retained strategic impor­ When the Soviets unexpectedly purchased banks in Panama City today. This economic tance. Naval strategy was then closely allied vast amounts of U.S. grain, the railroads development would suffer without the sta­ to giant carriers which were too large to could not find enough cars to move the grain bility and security of the U.S. presence in the pass through the locks. Defense planning was to ports. When the Organization of Zone. premised on a "two-ocean navy" which was Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) ap­ 6. The Republic of Panama shall partici­ not dependent on the canal as a vital link, plied the oil embargo· to supporters of Israeli pate in the administration of the canal, in but only as one of convenience. The lock policy, and boosted prices worldwide, the accordance with a procedure to be agreed canal was criticized by sea level canal ad­ economics of oil production and shipment upon in the treaty. The treaty shall also pro­ vocates as vulnerable to nuclear attack; changed. All at once it becomes desirable, vide that Panama will assume total respon­ while advocates of lock canal modernization even urgent, to have a modern, larger Isth­ sibility for the operation of the canal upon pointed out that a sea level canal was no less mian can-al that can take 80,000 ton LNG the termination of the treaty. The Republic vulnerable because of its deeper cut through ships a.nd medium-sized tankers to supply of Panama shall grant to the United States the mountains. the East Coast from Valdez and Irkutsk. The of America the rights necessary to regulate In 1964, the United States was unchal­ Alaskan North Slope will have a. far greater the transit of ships through the canal, to lenged, at the height of its power. To some production than can be absorbed by refiner­ operate, maintain, protect and defend the it may have seemed that the United States ies on the West Coast for several years; and canal, and to undertake any other specific could thus make cheaply a magnanimous if it cannot be shipped to refineries on the ectivity related to those ends, as may be gesture. But for the more farsighted, the East Coast and Puerto Rico, that surplus will s.greed upon in the treaty. Canal retained a fundamental role in the go to Japan and other foreign customers. Divided administration ls not conducive destiny of the United States. Thus, a new "strategic" significance de­ to harmony nor efficiency. It can be argued It is perhaps ironic that as U.S. diplomacy velops when the new realities of the 1970s are that the Canal has been run efficiently be­ strives to open the Suez Canal to Soviet war­ considered. Interna.tion.al trade becomes e-a.use the United States has had sole respon­ ships, in Panama it seeks to create the con­ critical to the survival of a nation. A huge slbiUty for administration. Although an in­ ditions which led to the closing at Suez. lb capacity for tood production-and the capac­ creasing number of Panamanians a.re serving consequence, the Soviet navy will be greatly ity to ship le anywhere at will-becomes a 1n administrative and executive positions increased in efficiency while the U.S. navy major instrument of foreign policy and a throughout the Canal organization, they do may well be faced with the barrier of an powerful lever for asserting national in­ so as individuals, and not as representatives inoperative canal at Panama. terests. of the Panamanian government. To subject It the Panama Canal were to be closed, it "Strategic" in the narrower military May 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14679 sense involves the rapid deployment of the States had acquired under the Treaty of quire nearby land on Inverness Ridge for fleets; and with pared-down military budg­ 1903."' the protection of the same visual integrity; ets, the effectiveness of warships is dimin­ Secretary of State Hughes recog·nized that now, the.refore, be it ished when they are stretched out around the acquired U.S. sovereignty was essential Resolved by the Assembly of the State of Cape Horn. The modern Navy emphasizes to operation of the Canal and must endure California, That the Members memoralize smaller ships, greater speed, nuclear power, as long as the Canal endures. His policy is the President to support, and the Congress and independent missile capability. During the right policy today. as it was then. of the United States to ,enact, such legisla­ the Vietnam war, use of the Canal by U.S. The United States ca.me to this strategic tion as is needed to change the boundaries warships increased sharply. In 1965, 284 U.S. part of the world not for gold or conquest, of the Point Reyes N-atio.n.aJ. Seashore to in­ government vessels made the transit, a as the conquistadores had come before them. clude within it the last re.mainin,g undevel­ normal a.mount. But in 1966, it was 591; in The United States came only to do a. job oped pa.reel on Inverness Ridge overlooking 1967, 879; in 1968, 1,504; in 1969, 1,376; in where others ha.d failed. The French had the national seashore; and be it further 1970, 1,068; in 1971, back to 503. Setting tried to build another Suez with little under­ Resolved, That the Chief Clerk of the a.side the possibility of all-out nuclear war, standing that the p.roblem was entirely dif­ Assembly transmit copies of thJs resolution in which the Canal may not be a decisive ferent. They left behind a record of bank­ to the President and Vice President of the factor, the Panama Canal will continue to ruptcy and failure. The United States, with United States, to the Secretary of the In­ play a major role both tactically and strategi­ the vigor of a rlsing young nation that had terior, to the Speaker of the House of Rep­ cally, as our Navy keeps the sea lanes open. just finished spanning its twin coasts with resentatives, and to each Senator and Rep­ But all of this assumes that the United railroad track, had the vision and the genius resentative from California in the Congress States has the Panama Canal under its con­ to put together the diplomatic, engineering, of the United States. trol. Despite "guarantees" that are to be financial, and organizational resources neces­ written into the proposed treaty, the United sary to overcome all obstacles. States is in Joint Statement agreed in prin­ In short, the United States has made the SENATOR HUMPHREY: CUTTING ciple to an arrangement whereby our control Panama Canal, with its protective frame of TAXES rests not on our sovereignty, but on treaty­ the Canal Zone, a symbol of its achievement. a treaty that could be abrogated at any time It ls part of the great heritage of our nation. by Panama in assertion of her sovereignty. It is representative of the "can-do" psy­ HON. DONALD M. FRASER While, logically, it would appear at the pres­ chology that sustains our national con­ OF MINNESOTA ent time to be counter to Panama's interests sciousness and underpins the national mo­ OF to expel the United States, the pattern of rale. It is a lifeline of trade and of national IN THE HOUSE REPRESENTATIVES revolutionary turmoil in Panama gives scant security. Tuesday, May 14, 1974 prospect that a Panamanian government, If we hand over this territory in response now or in the future, would be resistant to to unreasonable demands at Panama and Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker. Senator proosures to terminate the U.S. lease on the the clamor of our Marxist enemies, we will HUMPHREY presented a strong case for a Canal. pass a watershed in our history. One more selective tax cut in an article published CLAIMED BENEFITS turning point will mark the decline of a in the Washington Post of May 14. He We are asked to believe that the transfer great nation. emphasizes that low- and middle-income of U.S. sovereignty in the Canal Zone to taxpayers ought to be the primary benefi­ the Republic of Panama would remove a ciaries of any tax cut and that the tax cause of friction and open the door to im­ cut ought to be coupled with tax reform. proved relations with our sister republics. H.R. 11013 These hopes seem ill-conceived. A surrender I recommend this article to my col­ of U.S. sovereignty would spell a great vic­ leagues, not only for the excellent argu­ tory for the Marxist-Leninist revolutionary HON. PHILLIP BURTON ments in favor of a tax cut, but also for cadres which have in the past incited mobs OF CALll'ORNIA Senator HuMHREY's insight into our to violence. Far from being appeased, they current economic woes. would be encouraged to intensify revolu­ IN THE HOUSE OF .REPRESENTATIVES The article follows: tionary efforts to achieve their ultimate goal Tuesday., May 7., 1974 of forcing total U.S. withdrawal from the CUTTING TAXES Canal operation. With the Government of Mr. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, under (By HUBERT H. HUMPHREY) Panama holding sovereign power to denounce leave to extend my remarks in the In recent days there has been considerable the treaties and expel the United States, RECORD, I include the following: criticism, including an editorial in The these elements would for the first time have HOUSE RESOLUTION No. 101 Washington Post, of the proposal that we the attainment of their goal within reach. It cut income taxes for low and moderate in­ Relative to changing the boundaries of come consumers. I have proposed this course is not to be expected that their zeal would the Point Reyes National Seashore to include diminish in the face of such a prospect. . of action, as have others, as a means of but­ certain lands on Inverness Ridge within the tressing consumer purchasing power and in The United States has dallied too long over national seashore. futile hopes of accommodating ideological that way fighting the recession that is al­ Whereas, Inverness Ridge in the County of ready upon us. I believe the arguments hostility. We can have the respect of our Marin, California, adjacent to the Point neighbors only when we show a proper re­ Reyes National Seashore, forms a natural against a tax cut are based on a serious Inis­ gard for our own rights and interests and a r '&.d.ing of a cun-ent economic situation. backdrop to the national seashore; and In the first place, the federal budget pres­ steadfastness in providing the service to Whereas, Certain lands on Inverness Ridge world commerce which we have undertaken ently provides no real stimulus to the econ­ were inadvertently left in private hands omy. As Mr. Nixon correctly said in his in Panama. when the national seashore was established, As our Latin neighbors are governed by and such lands are now thveatened by plans budget message, "the recommended budget reasonable men, it does not impose too heavy for private development; and totals continue (the) policy of fiscal restraint a burden on United States diplomacy to ask Whereas, Development of these lands as part of a continuing anti-inflation pro­ that it sustain the reasonable premise that would spoil the tranquil setting of the na­ gram." To be more precise, the untiled budg­ U.S. sovereignty in the Canal Zone is essen­ tional seashore and gravely .impair its scenic get is becoining more restrictive, rising from tial to the continuing operation of the Canal. qualities; and a full employment surplus of $4 billion in fiscal 1974 to an $8 billion surplus in fiscal The interests of all our neighbors, including Whereas, It is vital that the obvious over­ .1975. This me.ans the $6 billion dollar tax Panama, and of more distant countries are sight in congressional intent in the lnad­ thereby best served. ve,rtent exclusion of such lands be corrected cut now being discussed would lower the full Secretary of state Charles Evans Hughes as soon as possible in order to protect the employment budget .surplus for fiscal 1975 to had this in mind. when on December 15, 1923 visual integrity of Inverness Ridge, and this about the level of restraint in last year's the Panamanian Ambassador raised the can be accomplished by effecting a change in budget. Even without any revenue gaining issue of sovereignty. The Secretary informed. the boundaries of the national seashore so measures, a $6 billion tax cut would not push the Ambassador that, "Our eountry would as to include these lands; and the budget into an expansionary position. never recede from the position which it had Whe,reas, A majority of the property own­ In addition to misreading the current taken in the note of Secretary Hay in 1904. ers affected have indicated a willingness to fiscal position of the federal budget, several This Government could not, and would not, sell to the federal government; and critics of a tax cut have not looked at the fine print of the proposals. The proposal I enter into any discussion affecting its full Whereas, The proposed boundary change tight to deal with the Canal Zone and to the prefer, and intend to fight for, is a tax cut is supported by conservation groups, the coupled with revenue-gaining tax reform exclusion of any sovereign rights or author­ Marin County Planning Commission, and a.long the lines recommended by the Joint ity on the part 01'. Pa.nan1a. • . . It was a.n the Marin County Board of Supervisors; and Economic Committee earlier this year. This absolute :futility for the Panamanian Gov­ Whereas, The proposed bound,a.ry change would mean a tax cut for low and moderate ernment to expect .any American ad.ministra­ would be compatible with, and complement income consumers, largely offset by a pack­ tion, no matter what it was, a.ny President the efforts of, the State of California to ac- age of tax reform focuslng on percentage de­ or any Secretary of State, ever to surrender pletion, intangible drilling expenses, foreign any part of these rights which the United " Foreign Relations, 1923, Vol. III, p. 684 .. tax preferences, and a streng:thening of the CXX--925-Part 11 14680 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 14, 1974 minimum income tax. With major oil com­ ment, which has always been offered as the If one follows these few requirements panies reporting first quarter profits increases backbone of a recovery in the second half of well, he will be an outstanding patriot. Many as high at 123 per cent, while the real spend­ 1974, only increased at a 7 per cent annual will honor him as a. true statesman. able earnings of consumers declined 3 per rate tn the first quarter. This is considerably This statement won recognition, this cent during the same quarter, tax reform ls below the 11 per cent annual rate of in­ year, from the Freedoms Foundation at essential to restoring consumer confidence in crease in the previous quarter and below the Valley Forge, Pa., with the award to Gen­ expectations for capital expansion this year. the fundamental fairness of our economic eral Clarke of the George Washington system. Finally, net exports declined $3.3 billion Second, those who oppose a tax cut usually in the first quarter of this year, compared Honor Medal, and I also include, here­ misunderstand the nature of the present in­ to an increase of $5.2 billion in the fourth with an excerpt from the Jefferson flation. Rather than being the result of ex­ quarter. County Journal of Adams, N.Y.-issue of cessive federal stimulus, the pressure on Because the current inflation is not signifi­ April 3, 1974-reporting this recognition prices has come from other sources. The in­ cantly due to excessive budget stimulus, and of a native of Adams which, of course, flation of 1973 was primarily the result of because the recession is upon us with no requires me to share General Clarke, food and fuel supply problems that had their signs of recovery, it seems to me that the also, with my distinguished New York origin in specific policy errors and market case for a tax cut is made. This conclusion is disruption. A secondary source of inflation not reached, as some commentators have in­ colleague (Mr. McEWEN): was the world-wide boom in commodity ferred, because I regard unemployment as GENERAL CLARKE To BE CITED BY FREEDOMS prices. These previous price increases are this more serious than inflation. On the con­ FOUNDATION year working their way through the produc­ trary, I regard both inflation and unem­ ~ General Bruce C. Clarke, a native of Adams, tion cyc,le as well as stimulating a sharp rise ployment as harmful to the economic and who has commanded more soldiers of differ­ in laibor costs. And inflation this year will get social fabric. But it is my belief that a ent nations as their field commander than a further jolt as business and labor seek to modest tax cut, coupled with tax reform, will any other U.S. Army officer, will receive the get "ahead" of inflation after all formal not increase inflation but will express itself George Washington Honor Medal awarded by controls have ended on April 30. in higher output, jobs, and income. Freedoms Foundation, Valley Forge, Pa., for In other words, inflation in 1974 has a life an article entitled "Patriotism" published in of its own outside of the conventional macro­ 1973. economic framework. It is now nourished by The foundation said of the article, "An a variety of cost factors that unfortunately PATRIOTISM-AN HONORED outstanding accomplishment in helping to were injected into the system la.st year, and achieve a better understanding of America which now lie beyond the impact and grasp SOLDIER'S VIEW and Americans. of ordinary fiscal policy. In the article Gen. Clarke wrote-"a pa­ I would take this point even further, argu­ triot is one who acquires an understanding ing that those who believe that the current HON. J. KENNETH ROBINSON knowledge of his country's history. inflation is the result of excessive fiscal stim­ OF VIRGINIA "He understands his country's Constitu­ ulus, or that it can be dealt with by con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion and the philosophy behind it. He ap­ ventional policies of aggregate restraint, do proaches the solution to his country's prob­ real harm to the formulation of an effective Tuesday, May 14, 1974 lems on a long-term basis. He supports the anti-inflationary policy. Mr. ROBINSON of Virginia. Mr. official policies and laws of his country. When While I don't pretend to have a neat pack­ Speaker, I am privileged to have as a he considers that there should be changes, age of solutions to the problem of inflation, constituent, residing in Fluvanna, Va., he helps bring them about through estab­ it is obvious to me that we need to develop lished methods and procedures. new techniques in this battle to complement Gen. Bruce C. Clarke, U.S. Army (re­ "He supports education, social justice, our present economic tools. It is my judgment tired), but I have to acknowledge that charities and benevolences, religion, youth that the federal government must establish I share him with my distinguished Vir­ and community activities. He considers pay­ a permanent institution to focus on the ginia colleague (Mr. BROYHILL), in that ment of just and necessary taxes to be an problem of inflation. In addition to develop­ General Clarke also has maintained a investment in his country and its future. ing an information system that identifies residence in Arlington, Va., for a num­ "He takes an interest in good and efficient price problems before they become crises, ber of years. government on all levels. He scrutinizes can­ such an institution should have the power didates for all public officials and the issues to hold hearings, postpone public and private Last year, in the New Age magazine­ involved, and votes what he believes will be decisions that could seriously undermine issue of March 1973-General Clarke's best for the country. price stability, make recommendations to the concise and effective statement on pa­ "He projects an industrious, ethical and Executive and Congress to improve price triotism was published and, under leave moral image in the handling of all situations. stability, and have limited power to impose to extend my remarks in the Appendix, "He radiates an enthusiastic and posi­ legal sanctions. I include it now as follows: tive approach toward his country. Just as they have misread the nature of "If one follows these few requirements the current inflation, many of those who PATRIOTISM well, he will be an outstanding patriot. Many oppose a tax cut also fail to read the un­ (By Gen. Bruce C. Clarke) will honor him as a true statesman." mistakable signs of the serious recession Patriotism ls devotion to one's country. that 1s upon us. The huge drop in real GNP These few simple words are easy to memorize in the first quarter is, after all, the worst but many do not fully understand all they decline in economic output since 1958, and entail. Let's consider the essentials: MAKE IRS AN INDEPENDENT A patriot is one who acquires an under­ much worse than the administration's Feb­ COMMISSION ruary forecast that the economy would prob­ standing knowledge of his country's history. ably only decline e. little in the first He understands his country's Constitution quarter. More important, the recent statis­ and the philosophy behind it. HON. ROBERT 0. TIERNAN tics do not reveal any sectors of the economy He approaches the solution to his coun­ with sufficient strength to bring about try's problems on a long-term basis. OF RHODE ISLAND recovery. He supports the official policies and laws IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Consumption spending has been weak for of his country. When he considers that there Tuesday, May 14. 1974 the last six months and cannot be expected should be changes, he helps bring them to deal any recovery. In the first quarter, about through established methods and pro­ Mr. TIERNAN. Mr. Speaker, today l real per capita disposable income fell at a cedures. am introducing a bill along with Mr. 7 per cent annual rate, only the sixth decline He supports education, social justice, REuss to make the IRS an independent that has occurred tn the la.st 20 years, and charities and benevolences, religion, youth Commission. This contains several and community activities. bill the sharpest fall since 1949. changes from my previous proposal, de­ Residential construction expenditures in He considers the payment of just and nec­ the first quarter dropped 8 per cent and essary taxes to be an investment in his signed to help improve administration of have fallen 16 per cent in the last six country and its future. our tax laws. months. Housing starts in the first quarter He takes an interest in good and efficient Political interference in the adminis­ were 34 per cent below year earlier levels. government on all levels. tering of our tax laws has been common. In view of the recent sharp rise in interest He scrutinizes candidates for all public In a survey of the people of Nixon's rates, and the incredible announcement by offices and the issues involved, and votes "enemy list," 28 percent of those re­ Federal Reserve Board Chairman, Arthur what he believes will be the best for his country. sponding reported tax audits. This is a Burns, that money wlll stay tight no matter far higher percentage than the national what it does to housing, there is presently no He projects an industrious, ethical a.it! hope that homebuilding will experience the moral image in the handling of all situa­ average for similar time periods and in­ turn-around forecast by the administration tions. come brackets. earlier this year. He radiates an enthusiastic and positive Another attempt by the party in power­ Business spending on plant and equip- approach toward his country. to use the tax laws to further political Ma,y 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14681 aims was before the courts yesterday. In national party was assumed to be nil. And Democratic party's future. The electorate's 1972, at the 'request of White House of­ this was generally the case. anger toward Republican candidates-as re­ It also was agreed that the political power vealed in the recent special elections for the ficials for chief· Nixon fund raiser, that mattered most was to be found in Wash­ House of Representatives-arises from two Maurice H. Stans, the IRS issued a very ington, home of the money, expertise, and sources: outrage over what is seen as Nixon's controversial ruling. It permitted big muscle associated with the federal govern­ perversion of the presidential office, and the political donors to avoid paying gift taxes ment. States, cities, and counties were gov­ Nixon administration's failure to meet the on campaign contributions by channel­ erning units to be alternatively bludgeoned people's legitimate expectations as to what ing the money through multiple fund­ and patronized by the heavy rollers from the constitutes competent and responsive gov­ raising committees. Donors got around nation's capital. ernment. There is little evidence that the These patterns have now changed in sev­ voters are making an affirmative choice on the $3,000 general exemption for gifts eral important respects. Even though this behalf of the Democratic candidates, or the and made it easier to raise funds for shift has been overshadowed by the preoccu­ party itself. political campaigns. Yesterday, Judge pation of the national news media with the The longer-run pitfalls for the Democratic June Green of the U.S. District Court in impeachment inquiry and the labors of the party are obvious (at least to most governors the District of Columbia overruled this special prosecutor, the most sensible and far­ and mayors) ; the electorate's antagonism controversial ruling. But the judge's de­ sighted thinking about the future of the toward the GOP can rebound as soon as cision is not retroactive. Thus, the polit­ Democratic party is coming largely from the Nixon vacates the presidency (by whatever hinterlands instead of Capitol Hill. This route) or is exonerated by Congress unless ical interference with the administering development--an interesting although irrele­ Democrats are seen as coming to grips with of our tax laws was again successful. vant fact unless linked in some manner to sources of popular discontent unrelated to We must not let this occur any longer. new sources of political leverage-must also Watergate. We must act immediately to assure in­ be viewed from the perspective of the role This popular reaction, moreover, is likely tegrity in the administering of our tax that governors and mayors are likely to play to be intensified by three other factors: ( 1) laws by establishing an independent IRS in nominating the Democratic presidential the hefty Democratic majorities in Congress commission. candidate in 197f:l. that are forecast for the November elections, Voters today are looking for political lead­ (2) guilt feelings millions of Republicans ership with the guts and common sense to and conservative Independents may experi­ DEMOCRATS MUST INVENT BETTER restore some purpose and direction to our ence for voting or thinking Democratic in national life. This process is heavily depend­ protest against Nixon's presidential conduct, WAYS TO GOVERN ent upon fashioning workable solutions to and ( 3) the good f-eelings likely to abound problems encountered in day-to-day living. for Gerald Ford if he assumes the presidency Several curious paradoxes in the public at­ prior to 1976 or if he becomes the GOP's HON. RICHARD BOLLING titude illustrate why this is so: nominee. At thi-s writing the Democrats have OF MISSOURI Despite considerable popular cynicism to­ no one who can match Ford~s appeal in terms IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ward government and politics, there remains of perceived integrity and low-key respect­ Tuesday, May 14, 1974 a solid base of support for the country's con­ ability. stitutional and political system, a popular In any event, the Democrats will be run­ Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, the arti­ faith in the ability of government to func­ ning a grave risk if they assume that the cle which follows appeared in the Wash­ tion effectively and a belief that first-rate White House can be captured by outdrawing ington Star-News of Sunday, May 12, people can still be brought into government. Ford on the basis of personal popularity. For example: a recent survey of public at'ti.­ Their chance for victory in 1976 depends 1974. John Stewart's analysis of the cur­ tudes conducted by Louis Harris and Asso­ on making the most of an unexpected, per­ rent political situation and its challenge ciates for the senate Subcommittee on In­ haps even undeserved, opportunity to seize to the Democratic Party are provocative tergovernmental Relations discovered that the political and governing initiative in ways and important. Those Democrats who fully 90 percent of Americans believe that that can survive the ultimate disposition of believe that their party's success in 197 4 government can work "effectively and well." Richard Nixon's presidency. Since governors and 1976 is already assured better take Although most Americans remain staunch­ and mayors live with the political and gov­ another look at reality: ly conservative on such general ideological erning pressures that preceded and that will questions as "government spending" and the survive the drama of Watergate, they have DEMOCRATS MUST INVENT BE'ITER WAYS To individual work ethic, they strongly support been articulating this position at every op­ GOVERN increased government spending when it is portunity, such as the recent conference of (By John G. Stewart) tied to specific operational problems of real Democratic governors in Chicago. ("What the Democrats must devise is a consequence to everyday living, such as Figuring out better ways of applying the governing ideology that puts into actual health care, aid to the elderly, education, federal government's leverage in achieving practice much of the Republican rhetoric and housing. everything from better health care to safer about strengthening state and local govern­ Most Americans also subscribe to the con• streets is at the core of the Democratic op­ ments,. without abandoning the commitment servative ideology condemning "big govern­ portunity. Despite more real progress than of using federal resources to the fullest.") ment" in favor of ''returning power to the critics a.re willing to recognize, the Great So­ After years of languishing in the political people,'' but they simultaneously recognize ciety became muscle-bound and overextended backwoods. Democratic governors and mayors that the federal government must take the by the late 1960s. The Nixon administration's once again have emerged as significant fac­ lead in solving such problems as poverty, ballyhooed shift to general and special rev­ tors in the party's quest to recapture the health care, polution, and consumer protec­ enue sharing, including the consolidation of White House in 1976. This development, tion. certain categorical programs into bloc grants, moreover, offers a solid clue as to what gen­ Even those Americans who were most op­ turned out to be little more than a fiscal erally will constitute winning Democratic posed to the government's civil rights efforts shell game, with the states and cities un­ politics for the balance of the 1970s. of the 1960s largely support the proposition able to find the pea, no matter how diligent This does not necessarily mean that a that the only way to solve the problems of their search. governor will win the next Democratic presi­ blacks and other minorities is for the federal That the Democrats must devise is a gov­ dential nomination (although the odds on government to make an all-out effort by erning ideology that puts into actual prac­ this have improved). But it does suggest that spending much more money on domestic tice much of the Republican rhetoric about governors and mayors are the most reliable problems affecting all Americans, such as strengthening state and local governments, sources of the political insight and governing health, education, housing, and improving without abandoning the commitment of us­ experience that the next Democratic candi­ thing~ in our cities. ing federal resources to the fullest. It must be date will need to win the nomination and These are not the feelings of an electorate an ideology grounded in neither the outworn general election. that has turned its back on the role that gov­ precepts of the New Deal nor the countercul­ For the past generation, it has been al­ ernment, even the federal government, must ture of the New Politics. It will i-equire de­ most a truism that only politicians operating play in dealing with the country's more crit­ signing a new generation of political insti­ near the country's major centers of mass ic:>~ social and economic problems. But these tutions that can insure the responsive appli­ communication-New York, Washington, and attitudes do reveal clearly the absolute im­ cation of governmental power at all levels of California-had a realistic chance of acquir­ portt.nce of the federal government produc­ American society. It will call for using the ing the stature and influence that are pre­ ing visible, understandable and effective re­ federal government's power in flexible and requisites to national party leadership. This sults on the community level. Thts, in turn, often indirect ways. bit of conventional wisdom arose from the requires far more flexible and imaginative Some examples: The federal tax code can habit of equating national party leadership use of federal power in equipping sub-na­ be used more effectively to foster social and with a politician's standing in the presiden­ tional units of government to do the job. And economic objectives. Mixing monetary re­ tial sweepsta.kes. If an elected public official it is here where the knowledge and exper­ wards and sanctions to encourage greater at­ was deem.:d not to be a. presidential -con­ ience of governors, may-ors and other local tention by state and local governments to the tender ( a category reserved for politicians officials are desperately needed if answers needs of indivldual citizens is another ap­ who could appear regularly on network news are to be found. proach. Ways must be explored of preserv­ shows), his potential for influencing the These circumstances bear directly on the ing the uniqueness of neighborhoods, of 14682 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 14, 1974 strengthening family ties, and of bringing the nocent in the Watergate case, and objects to SIDNEY KORETZ VISITED worlds of work a.nd home more closely to­ congressmen soliciting votes for Nixon's im­ gether. Revenue sharing must be given a peachment. JERUSALEM fair trial by a national a.dministra.tion not "It's not a very judicial pose, ls it?" Saxbe seeking to use it a.s a. cover for eliminating commented upon reading a letter, signed by HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL the federal role in a. host of domestic areas, Minnesota Congressman Donald M. Fraser, as sach a.s housing a.nd community develop­ national chairman of Americans for Demo­ OF VIRGINIA ment. cratic Action, and appealing for money to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This evolution in the role and posture of continue "a massive education campaign" Tuesday, May 14, 1974 the federal government cannot go forward for impeachment. without the direct involvement of governors "The impeachment of Richard Nixon is not Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. and mayors in setting the priorities of Con­ yet certain," the Minneapolis Democrat Speaker, at the request of Mr. Sidney gress a.nd in helping write the necessary leg­ wrote. "The impeachment vote in the House Koretz, and under leave to extend my islation. Through the good offices of Demo­ will be extraordinarily difficult for most remarks, I would like to insert the fol­ cratic National Chairman Robert Strauss, House members. Write! Tell your congress­ Democratic governors a.nd mayors have been person how you feel and why. lowing articles read by Mr. Koretz while invited to meet with Speaker Albert and Sen­ "Send ADA money. As much as you can, in Jerusalem, into the CONGRESSIONAL ate Majority Leader Mansfield. But sporadic and as quickly as you can." The money will RECORD, as well as his personal consultation will not effectively tap the be spent, Fraser said, to pay for mailing anti­ comments: wealth of governing experience that is to be Nixon leaflets-half a million of which have [From the Detroit Jewish News, Mar. 29, found outside of Washington. already been sent out by ADA-and running 1974) One additional factor is likely to force "a grass-roots phone bank" to stir up pro­ SYRIAN CLAIM TO PALESTINE DEFINED greater appreciation by congressional Demo­ impeachment feeling among the people. crats, at lea.st those with presidential am­ Fraser and other House members should Editor, the Detroit Jewish News: bitions, of the new importance acquired by vote for or against impeachment on the evi­ Secretary of State Henry Kissinger an­ their non-Washington brethren. The emerg­ dence produced by the Judiciary commit­ nounces as if he only just discovered it that ing organization of Democratic governors and tee, rather than lobbying for either side, Syrians consider Jerusalem and even Tel mayors into tightly-knit caucuses-equipped Saxbe said in an exclusive interview. Aviv as Arab land. with competent staffs at the Democratic Na­ "It's kind of discouraging to me to see na­ But more than that, when Syrian Presi· tional Committee headquarters-and the tionally chartered organizations that are lob­ dent Hafez Assad reminds Israel Premier critical role governors and mayors a.re likely bying for impeachment. I think it would be Golda Meir "that Palestine 1s not only part to assume in the scramble for presidential inappropriate also for organizations to be of the Arab homeland, but also a basic part delegates on the basis of proportional repre­ lobbying against impeachment." of South Syria," he is reminding King Hus­ sentation, will open doors on Capitol Hill Last November, when the President named sein and the Palestinians of this also. The that have been closed for decades. him attorney general, the maverick Ohio Re­ Syrian claim is superior to all other Arab Those Democrats in Congress who go out publican senator said: "Helli I couldn't take claims. of their way to listen and help Democratic this position unless I was clear in my mind After the last Jewish king Herod died, his governors and mayors with their governing that Nixon was innocent in the Watergate son Archelaus, was considered incompetent, problems can expect a. more cordial reception case." after a 10-year probationary period, to take in the search for delegates than those Demo­ Saxbe concluded Nixon was "clean" after his place by the Roman Emperor Augustus. crats in Congress who don't. It is worth not­ the President disavowed any connection with Judaea and Samaria were declared to be ing in this regard that fully 25 percent of the Watergate break-in and the cover-up in part of the Roman province of Syria, and a each state's delegation can be appointed in two and a half hours of candid conversation. second-class Roman official called a procura­ 1976-a provision that was specifically added Today, despite the criminal indictments of tor was appointed to be the ruler, of the land to increase the representation of elected of­ several former presidental aides, and White of David and Solomon. The Jews would not ficials a.t the next Democratic National Con­ House delays in releasing several tape re­ take this lying down and history records the vention. cordings to the Judiciary committee and to ensuing events. For lack of a better term, this broad-scale Special Prosecutor Leon Jaworski, the attor­ The Jewish Temple was destroyed in 70 AD opportunity now open to the Democrats can ney general sees no reason to change his own and the names of Juda.ea and Jerusalem be labeled the "Governing Issue." The party's mind about the President's innocence. If he wiped off the world map in 136 AD by the post-1974 prospects will be determined large­ had any such reason, he'd quit the cabinet. emperor Hadrian. The Jewish connection was ly by the degree to which this issue is recog­ Should the House vote for articles of im­ erased in favor of the Philistines and to' ef­ nized, developed, and brought forcefully to peachment, Saxbe won't be the President's fect this the country was called Syria Pale­ the people prior to the 1976 presidential cam­ lawyer for the ensuing Senate trial. stina (Latin for Philistine Syria). paign. And governors and mayors hold the "I would have to resign, and I have no in­ As a separate political entity, the Syrian key to unlocking this treasure chest of polit­ tention of doing that," he said. president wishes to remind the other Arabs ical riches. The President's health is good, despite the "Palestine" was created by the League of (John G. Stewart was legislative aide to pressure for his ouster, the attorney general Nations to provide a national home for the Senator and Vice President Hubert Hum• said. "I'm sure it's a terrific strain on him, Jews. If the legitimacy of this action is not phrey, and later communications director for but he seems to be able to take it. He's a conceded, who but Syria can be considered the Democratic National Committee. He also tough guy." the rightful sovereign? The testimony of the has been a university lecturer in political Nixon won't defy the subpoenas for the Roman Emperors Augustus and Hadrian is science. on the side of Syria in contrast to the claims (This article is derived by the author from ;!~f~.;!~/;;;fz::ii:ti~::!:J::~~i~!~:·a~~~~ of the other Arab states. his book, One Last Chance: The Democratic and I hope it continues that way." SIDNEY KORETZ. Party, 1974-76, publlshed this month by Saxbe disclosed that he has received about JERUSALEM. Praeger.) half a dozen ·assa.ssina.tion threats this year, mostly from "irrational" persons writing let­ [From the Washington Jewish Week, ters and post cards. The FBI, which has Apr. 4-10, 1974) checked out all the threats, is guarding the A REMINDER TO KING HUSSEIN RAPS IMPEACHMENT VOTE PUSH attorney general and his wife. (By Sidney Koretz) Saxbe expressed alarm over the rise of Syrian President Ha.fez Assad said: "When gangs "planning the overthrow of the gov­ the Israeli Premier decides that the Golan HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN ernment today •.. everything from the Sym­ is a. part of Israel, we consider it useful to OF ILLINOIS bionese Army to various terrorist groups. The remind her that Palestine is not only part of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES frightening part of it is that more and more the Arab homeland, but is also a basic part of people think that violence is the way to solve Southern Syria." This is also a reminder to Wednesday, May 8, 1974 their problems," he said. King Hussein and the Palestinians. Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, with The attorney general also complained that Based on Roman Law, Syria's claim can all the pro and con opinions on impeach­ some "social organizations" advocating easier indeed be considered superior, for the fol­ ment, I found this article which ap­ treatment of criminals "refuse to acknowl­ lowing reason: When Herod, the last Jewish edge that there are a lot of mean bastards King, died, the Roman emperor Augustus peared in the Homewood-Flossmoor prevented Herod's son from succeeding to Star rather interesting. I would like to who are anti-social and you have to lock the throne by declaring Juda.ea and Sa­ insert this for the interest of my col­ them up to protect society." maria part of the Roman province of Syria. A hardened criminal can't be turned into Later, after the Bar Kokhba revolt, the leagues: an automobile mechantc, he said. "He likes RAPS IMPEACHMENT VOTE PUSH country was named 'Syria. Palestine', i.e., the idea that when he's got a gun he's king Phillstine Syria, not in order to upgrade the (By Frank va.n der Linden) of the hill, he can make people do what he rights of the Palestinians, but to downgrade WASHINGTON.-Attorney General William wants them to do. He likes that power and the Jewish connection. In 1922, the League B. Saxbe stlll considers President Nixon in- he likes to prey on society." of Nations created a separate Palestine for May 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14683 the purpose of restoring the Jewish connec­ ernment would not have its decisions dic­ counsel Leonard Garment for slightly over tion. But if this is not conceded, then Pales­ tated to by anyone. This included the deci­ an hour, according to Rabbi Israel Miller, tine is indeed a part of Syria. sion "to be absent where we should be chairman of the Conference of Presidents present," Assad said, obviously referring to of Major American Jewish Organizations. MAY 5, 1974. Syria's participation in the forthcoming Those present at the meeting revealed that Hon. JOEL T. BROYHILL, phase of the Geneva Middle East talks. the status of negotiations on Syrian-Israel U.S. Congress, · "We cannot safeguard our rights by the disengagement, as given in a long explana­ Washington, D.C. force of conviction alone," Assad said, and tion by Kissinger, dominated the discussion. DEAR REPRESENTATIVE BROYHILL: While in "we must be powerful in a world which Only a few minutes were spent on dif­ Israel, I saw a couple of articles in the Jeru­ respects strength." ferences between the administration and the salem Post ("Assad: State of War till Aims Assad's toughly-worded speech came a day Jewish delegation over the Jackson amend­ Achieved," 10 March and "Kissinger Explains after the departure from Damascus of Soviet ment on Soviet Jewry. Why Syria Cannot Draw the Line," 13 March) Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko. Neither the Jewish delegation nor the with information about Syria's intransigence The Beirut weekly "al-Diyar" reported yes­ Israel Embassy received any word from Kis­ which our newspapers have failed to report. terday that the Soviet Union has pledged singer about the possibility, widely reported, I send you copies, and my comment written continued arms supplies to Syria and prom­ that President Nixon will visit the Middle in Jerusalem, to throw light on the Syrian ised to finance the Syrian economy, dam­ East in May. Ambassador Simcha Dinitz has attitude of which few Americans are aware. aged during the October war. repeatedly stated his view that, if the Presi­ Not many are aware of the full extent of the The Lebanese weekly said that the Rus­ dent travels to the Middle East region, he obstacles facing our Secretary of State's ef­ sian pledge was contained in a message will surely include Israel on his itinerary. forts to bring some disengagement on the which Gromyko carried from Soviet· Com­ White House spokesman Ronald Ziegler Israel-Syria battlefront. munist Party leader Leonid Brezhnev to the would not deny the reports of a May visit, Last Sunday, on the "Issues and Answers" Syrian President. saying only that the President has no cur­ TV program, Egyptian President Anwar el­ According to the weekly, Brezhnev said rent plans for such a trip. Sadat said that "the last word" was with that the East bloc Comecon countries had It is expected here that the possibility of a Syrian President Hafez el-Assad but that he agreed unanimously to share with the Soviet presidential visit will be discussed by Foreign had great confidence in Secretary Kissinger's Union the cost of reconstructing Syria's Minister Abba Eban and Kissinger when they magical powers. My Jerusalem comment, economic installations. But at the same time, meet Thursday. Eban was due in New York shown here, may go too far in suggesting the weekly added, Brezhnev urged Assad to from London late last night. that our Secretary of State "only just dis­ continue "the experiment of seeking a mili­ covered it that Syrians consider Jerusalem, tary disengagement with Israel and to at­ and even Tel Aviv, as Arab land" and "a basic tend the Geneva talks. part of South Syria." But I cannot under­ JAIL TO THE CHIEF? stand why he should want to keep it a secret [From the Jerusalem Post, Mar. 13, 1974) from the American people. According to one KISSINGER EXPLAINS WHY SYRIA CANNOT of the articles, with a Washington date line, DRAW THE LINE HON. DAVID W. DENNIS the Syrians can draw no line anywhere since they consider that in itself a recognition of (By Ira Silverman) OF INDIANA Israel whose mere existence is anathema to WASHINGTON .-The Syrians, in their call IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for total Israel withdrawal from occupied them. The impression was given that the Tuesday, May 14, 1974 State Department wanted to retract this. Arab territory, still consider Jerusalem and I suggest that you bring these articles and even Tel Aviv, as Arab land. Secretary of Mr. DENNIS. Mr. Speaker, William my comment, mostly historical, to the atten­ State Henry Kissinger said on Monday. Safi.re, in the New York Times of May 13, tion of your Congressional colleagues. They Explaining the current Middle East situa­ 1974, has written a sobering essay on the will then better understand Secretary Kis­ tion to a group of Congressional wives, Dr. singer's tremendous achievement if he is Kissinger said the Syrian problem is more subject of Presidential impeachment, able to pull off a disengagement in the fight­ complex than the Suez disengagement be­ which I believe is worthy of the careful ing between Israel and Syria. If he fails to cause, "for the Syrians, the occupied terri­ attention of my colleagues in the House. achieve very much, they will have a greater tories mean not only the Golan Heights, but Mr. Safi.re's essay is as follows: appreciation of the obstacles he faced. Jerusalem, and even Tel Aviv." JAIL TO THE CHIEF? Kissinger added that, "for the Syrians, it Yours sincerely, (By William Safi.re) SIDNEY KORETZ. represents a tremendous problem to draw any li:pe, because if they draw a line it means in WASHINGTON.-Most readers of Washington [From the Jerusalem Post, Mar. 10, 1974] some way the recognition of Israel." tea leaves say that the House of Representa­ tives will vote to impeach the President about ASSAD: STATE OF WAR TILL AIMS ACHIEVED The Secretary made his comments think­ ing they were private.and off the record, but mid-July, around Bastille Day; the Senate (By Anan Safadi) because of the presence of newsmen a record will begin its trial a month later. Toward the Syrian President Hafez Assad has pledged of his statements was then circulated and end of September, in this scenario, conserva­ to continue the state of war until Israel subsequently retracted by the State Depart­ tive Republicans and Southern Democrats withdraws to the pre-1967 frontiers and the ment. Quotations from his comments, especi­ would make up that "one third plus one" "full rights" of the Palestinians are restored. ally a stinging denunciation of America's necessary to acquit. Speaking in Damascus on Friday on the European allies, were evidently embarrassing That prospect pleases many. The President 11th anniversary of the Ba'th party takeover to the Secretary and provoked a clarification would be most severely rebuked but not of the government in Syria, Assad said that of his views on the Atlantic alliance, offered driven from office; Congressmen running in the conflict had become a political struggle yesterday by spokesman George Vest (re­ the fall could point to their votes to throw since the end of the October war, but that ported on page 5) . There was no change or him out (or, to Nixon supporters, "to give did not mean relating the country's military elaboration on his Middle East statements. him a fair trial") and the majority of the alertness. Further on the Middle East, he told the public, dissatisfied with the President but "The war with Israel has not ended, and gathering of Congressional wives that, while not wanting his head on a plate, would have will not as far as Syria is concerned, unless the two sides in the dispute are conscious enjoyed a ripsnorting show with a happily all Arab territory is liberated and unless the about their problem they are less conscious inconclusive ending. Palestinian people regain their full rights." about the global implications of the conflict. The trouble with the conventional wisdom At one stage the Syrian President put aside He recalled that, during and after the Octo­ is that it is as chancy as drawing for a "gut his prepared speech to refer to a reported ber War, "all of Europe, Japan and the card" to fill an inside straight. Contrary to the statement by Premier Golda Meir that she Soviet bloc were behind the Arabs and the wishful thinking of most of the President's considered the Golan Heights as part of Is­ U.S. alone was backing Israel. Since then moderate adversaries, and antithetical to the rael, Assad said: "When the Israel Premier our strategy has been to disentangle the Nixon strategy of sacrificing votes in the decides that the Golan is part of Israel, we problems and take one at a time." House to hold on to votes in the Senate, there consider it useful to remind her that Pales­ Despite the difficulties outlined by Kissin­ is a good chance that impeachment will tine is not only part of the Arab homeland ger, the Secretary is hopeful that, at least gather a momentum of its own-one that the but also a basic part of south Syria. modest progress can be made toward a President's foes and friends together will not "We consider it our right and our duty to Syrian-Israel disengagement through the be able to stop. insist that Palestine should remain a free indirect talks in Washington scheduled for If Richard Nixon is impeached by the part of our Arab homeland and of our Arab later this month. Kissinger met with a group House, there is an increasing possibility that Syrian country." of 16 presidents of Jewish organizations late he will be convicted by the Senate, indicted Assad made no direct mention of his recent Monday, and gave the impression that, al­ by a grand jury, convicted by a petit jury and contacts with the U.S. and the Soviet Union though the talks will be extremely difficult, sentenced to a term in jail. over the issue of Syrian military disengage­ he remains confident that they can proceed Whoa. Only one American in six, according ment with Israel. However, he told the cheer­ and prove productive. to Time magazine's latest poll, wants to see ing crowd at the sports stadium at the The Jewish leaders saw Kissinger, Under­ the President impeached at all; the vast ma­ Damascus University that the Syrian Gov- secretary Joseph Sisco and White House jority of Americans, including many who 14684 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 15, 1974 urgently wish he would resign, do not want books by imposing a. short ja.ll sentence. peachment would then be hard put to ex· to see the President in ja.11. Far-fetched? Somewhere a.long the line, plain that all that flowed from his vote had But consider the logical consequences. It would there not be a. deal, a. resignation, a nothing to do with him. the House were to impeach, there would be bill of abatement, a. hung jury or an accident Before the grand inquest becomes the a blitz to switch four or five Senate votes now to stem the flow of consequences? Perhaps. grand inquisition, let us stop to think. Are in the Nixon column that, with impeach­ But perhaps not. I have ta.ken the reader we ready to go all the way? ment's momentum behind it, might well down this highly hypothetical road to show The nation ls not in such present danger succeed. that it can happen here and to urge some of tyranny for us to set a. precedent for the Since impeachment could only succeed consideration of the consequences of im­ legal overthrow of elected leaders, and to centered on an "indictable crime," such as peachment. open the possibility for their absolute deg­ obstruction of justice, it would then be im­ The impeachment lobby does not want the radation. Does anyone seriously suggest possible to sing hail to a. new chief and go public to think about the consequences to that the Nixon experience of the last year home; if Congress found President Nixon the nation of an imprisoned ex-President, ls not enough to deter some future Presi­ guilty of a specific crime, then the special for good reason: fear of arriving at the ulti­ dent from ta.king a similar course, that only prosecutor would be duty-bound to seek in­ mate destination might cause us to turn off legal punishment will make the point? dictment of private citizen Nixon for that at the first exit. One step at a. time, say the Libera.ls who have fought Mr. Nixon over crime. impeachers; let justice take its course; it ls the years have a. special responsib11ity now No citizen is above the law, the prosecutor not helpful for them to admit the possibil1ty to take the long view. To consider all the would argue with great logic; ex-President or that the paths of impeachment lead but to consequences--lncludlng those that seem as no, a crime requires that justice be done. the clink. remote as impeachment itself did not so long Then, of course, would come revision: Since Mr. Nixon ls not the type to plea.­ What have we done? That question would ago---before running the risk of being bargain or assert anything but his innocence, quickly change to "What have they done?" gripped by the momentum of retribution. 1t can be expected that a. District of Colum­ In this "Ox-Bow Incident" reaction, the ma­ The road we are on is a. rumor-greased ex­ bia grand jury would indict and a D.C. petlt jority who only wanted a. President rebuked pressway with fewer exits, than we think, Jury would convict. And the ensuing public or censured would blame the politicians for and-as Jefferson wrote to Madison;__"Im­ clamor for clemency would not necessarily the incarceration of a. political opponent. peachment has been an engine more of pas­ restrain a judge from entering the history The Representative who voted for im- sion than justice."

HOU.SE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Wednesday, May 15, 1974 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. uniform original enlistment qualifications for ment, I found that the card was delivered The Reverend R. Joseph Dooley, presi­ male and female persons. Tuesday, 2 days after Mother's Day. dent, International Conference of Police The message also announced that the Mr. Speaker, I hope the Postal Service Chaplains, offered the following prayer: Senate had passed with an amendment can improve its service Just a little bit O Lord, our God, this day, Peace Offi­ in which the concurrence of the House better than that displayed on this occa­ cers Memorial Day, set apart by Presi­ is requested, a bill of the House of the sion. dential proclamation, we pray for the following title: blessinrr of peace on all our dedicated law H.R. 14368. An act to provide for means ADMISSION OF WOMEN TO THE enforcement officers, who have given of dealing with energy shortages by requiring SERVICE ACADEMIES reports with respect to energy resources, by their lives in the performance of their providing for temporary suspension of cer­