Crystallography Basics - Review

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Crystallography Basics - Review 1 Crystallography Basics (continued) - They can fill an infinite plane and can be arranged in different ways on lattice Identical (same) environment: Same environment and basis positions after 2 different lattice translations in ‘blue’ : 2 Crystallography Basics (continued) R Translation (lattice) vector lattice parameters For example, if we want to go from one corner to another across a body diagonal……. 3 Crystallography Basics (continued) [uvw]: [001] [011] [325]=? [101] [111] [100] [110] 3-D lattice showing position vector (R or r) = primitive (or If a,b,c cell lengths are lattice) vectors a, b and c with integer coefficients u, v and w different, e.g. orthorhombic If a,b,c cell lengths are equal, e.g. cubic 4 The Four 2-D Crystal Systems (Shapes) 2-D lattice showing position vector (R) = primitive (or lattice) vectors a and b with integer coefficients u and v: The four 2-D crystal systems: (a) square, (b) rectangular, (c) hexagonal and (d) oblique: These are the only 4 possible 2-D crystal systems 5 Crystallography Basics (continued) 180° in-plane (2-fold) Mirror planes rotation Mirror planes (reflection) 6 Crystallography Basics (continued) * *Recently quasicrystals were discovered and do not belong to 1 of 230 7 The Seven 3-D Crystal Systems (Shapes) Unit cell: smallest repetitive volume which contains the complete lattice pattern of a crystal. from your Callister Book These are the only 7 possible 3-D crystal systems 8 (know them and their 6 lattice parameters) The Seven 3-D Crystal Systems (continued) Monoclinic- has 2-fold rotation (180°) normal to the centers of 2 unit cell edges going through the opposite sides of the cell, e.g. {01ī} has 2-fold symmetry denoted with diad shape. Trigonal - has 3-fold rotation (120°) normal to the body diagonal, e.g. {11ī} has 3-fold symmetry denoted with triangle shape. Cubic- has 2,3 and 4-fold (90°) rotations, e.g. {001} has 4-fold symmetry denoted with square shape. 9 Cubic Crystal System Symmetry From John D. Verhoeven, Fundamentals of Physical Metallurgy, Wiley, New York, 1975, p. 16 10 Summary of the Seven 3-D Crystal Systems 11.

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