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Slavery Sites in the UK Slavery sites in the UK There are few areas in of ‘blackamoors’, ‘Black the United Kingdom that servants’ ‘Negro men’ and were not affected—either ‘Negro paupers’. In the directly or indirectly—by churchyard of St Martin’s the trade in enslaved Church, Bowness on Africans, whether it be the Windermere, a headstone legacy of grand buildings bears an inscription to the and institutions founded memory of Rasselas on the profits of the trade, Belfield a Native of the clues to the history in Abyssinia: A Slave by place names like Jamaica birth I left my native Road, Tobago Street, land/And found my Guinea Street, Black Boys Freedom on Britannia’s Hill, Whiteladies Road or Strand… Similarly, the parish records and grave of Samuel Ally lies inscribed gravestones. in Old Kirk Braddan Indeed, in many parts of Church near Douglas on the country, local history the Isle of Man (5). He can provide a rich vein for was emancipated and the exploration of the brought to the island to trade during Black History work as a servant. He died Month and beyond. there at the age of 18. David Spens was Number 1 Queen brought from the West Street in Lancaster (6) Indies to Methil in Fife, was the home of a Scotland. He was baptised wealthy slave trader who in Wemyss Church in 1769 (1). He took his case for had a Black servant, John Chance. Near Lancaster, at freedom to the Court of Session in Edinburgh Sunderland Point is the grave of ‘Samboo’ who came claiming that since he was now a Christian he to England in 1736 and died soon after. There is a should be freed. Unfortunately, his master died plaque that includes the lines: But still he sleeps—till before a decision could be made. Similarly, James the awakening sounds,/Of the Archangel's trump new Montgomery was baptised in his local church in life impart,/Then the Great Judge his approbation Beith (3). He, too, took his case for emancipation to founds,/Not on man's colour but his worth of heart. the courts. He, however, died before the case was In Liverpool decided. (7), coffee houses A prominent activist in the abolition movement were often sites was Robert Wedderburn, son of a Scottish landown- for the sale of er and a Jamaican slave. In 1795 he travelled to his slaves. In 1765, ‘a father’s home at Inveresk Lodge in East Lothian (2) very fine negro but was turned away with only some beer and a girl about eight ‘bent sixpence’. years of age, very healthy’ was sold at auction at In Cumbria (4), parish records bear witness to George’s Coffee-house and a very large sale of 11 several Black people living in the area, many having Africans was held at the Exchange Coffee House in arrived as servants. Records from St Nicholas’s and Water Street in 1766. St James’s churches in Whitehaven and St Mary’s, In 1686, Lady Broughton of Marchwiel Hall near Carlisle document baptisms, marriages and deaths Wrexham in Denbighshire (8) offered a reward for -1- her Black boy who had been taken away ‘by a Person number of references to Black people in the region on Horse back’. while the slave trade continued. George John Scipio Africanus was brought to A gravestone in St Mary’s Church, Watford, England from Sierra Leone, possibly aged 3. After Hertfordshire (17) tells the story of George Edward the death of his master he moved to Nottingham Doney who was (9) where he married and started a successful busi- captured from ness. On his death in 1834, he was buried in St Gambia and ended Mary's church. Earlier this year, there was a re-ded- up working for the ication of his grave to mark the bicentenary of the Earl of Essex at Abolition of the Slave Trade Act. Cassiobury for 44 Former slave Rasselas Morjan is buried at Wanlip years. The inscription reads: Poor Edward blest the Hall in Leicestershire (10) while Edward Juba, who pirate bark which bore/His captive infancy from became a servant in a house at Kirby Mallory rose to Gambia's shore/To where in willing servitude he become a freeman of the city of Leicester. won/Those blest rewards for every duty At Broughton House, Kettering in done//Kindness and praise, the wages of the Northamptonshire (11), a young Black servant, heart;/None else to him could joy or pride Charles Ignatious Sancho, is included in a portrait of the impart,/And gave him, born a pagan and a slave,/A Duchess of Montague, while at Althorp House, Althorp, freeman's charter and a Christian's grave. Caesar Shaw, an African slave There is a stately memorial to Nathaniel Wells in to the Spencer family can be St Arvans Church in Monmouth (18). The son of a seen in two portraits. wealthy plantation owner and his slave, Wells The writer and cam- became a magistrate and deputy lieutenant of the paigner Olaudah Equiano county of Monmouth. He helped to raise funds to was married at St Andrew’s Church in Soham, enlarge the church and paid for the building of its Cambridgeshire (12) and his daughter, who died octagonal tower. when she was four, is buried at St Andrew’s Church Traces of London’s in Chesterton. In the churchyard at St Lawrence, (19) slavery connections Oxhill, Stratford on Avon (13) ‘lyeth the body of can be found in a num- Myrtilla, a negro slave to Mr. Thos Beauchamp of ber of spots. Olaudah Nevis.’ Equiano was baptised at In his will, the Royal Naval surveyor, Sir William St Margaret’s Church, St Batten, made his servant, Mingo, Margaret Street in keeper of the Harwich lighthouse Westminster in 1759. There is also a plaque at 73 in Essex (14). Riding House Street in Westminster where he lived. The son of a Bugandan chief His daughter, Joanna Vassa, was buried in Abney who had been enslaved, in 1880 Park Cemetery in Stoke Newington. Fellow anti- Salim, travelled to England with a slavery campaigner Ottobah Cugoano worked as a group of envoys to meet Queen servant in what is now Schomberg House, 81 Pall Victoria. He stayed behind with a family living in Mal. He was baptised at St James’s Church in the vicarage at Pavenham in Bedfordshire (15). He Piccadilly in 1773. Ignatius Sancho set up a grocery studied at the village school and went on to become business in what is now King Charles Street. He was a preacher. buried in the old St Margaret’s Chapel, Christchurch Gloucestershire (16) Records Office documents Gardens, Westminster. Born in Guinea, Robert show Jacob the servant of George Hanger Esq ‘a Jenando, a page to the Duke of Devonshire, served moore’ being baptised in Driffield in 1687 and John him at his home, Berkeley House in Piccadilly. Prince ‘a black boy lately bought into England’ being Frances Barber, worked as valet to Dr Samuel apprenticed to John Trigge, Attorney at Law in Johnson at 17 Gough Square, off Fleet Street. Newnham on Severn in 1715. At Almondsbury Where Trafalgar there was a headstone to James Long (died 17 March Square now stands were 1773) and Charles Morson (died 16 Feb 1776). once coffee shops where ‘They were natives of Africa and servants to Sir slaves were bought and James Laroche at Over [Over Court, Almondsbury], sold. and at the Jamaica who caused this stone to be erected.’ There are a Coffee House in St -2- Michael’s Alley, off Cornhill—now a wine house—a ally consecrated as the Church of England’s first reward was offered in 1728 for a runaway slave African bishop in Canterbury Cathedral in Kent named Caelia Edlyne. (23) in 1864. In the late 18th century, a group of anti-slavery Thomas Lewis Johnson, an emancipated slave campaigners, the Clapham Sect, set up the African from Virginia, moved to England with his wife to Academy to educate boys whom they brought from prepare for missionary work in Africa. He settled in Africa. One of the Academy’s buildings still exists at Bournemouth, Dorset (24). In 1900 he became a The Rectory Centre, Rectory Lane in Clapham Old British subject when five ‘well-known citizens of Tow n. Boscombe, Bournemouth, testified before a Caesar Picton, a for- Government official’ that they had known him for mer slave, who ran a five years, and that they believed him ‘to be worthy successful coal mer- to be made a British subject.’ chant’s business lived at The portrait of Admiral Paul Ourry at Saltram 52 High Street, House in Devon (25) includes his African servant. Kingston upon Thames The wife of Sir John Quicke of Newton St Cyres, (20) and eventually bought Picton House at 56 High also had a Black footman called Joe Green. Street, Thames Ditton. In St Martin’s Churchyard in Werrington in Pero,servant to John Pinney, lived at what is now Cornwall (26) there are the remains of the gravestone The Georgian House Museum in Great George of Paul Scipio who died in 1784: Deposited Here/Are Street, Bristol (21). There is now a bridge across the the Remains of Philip Scipio/Servant to the Duke of harbour named after Pero. Wharton/Afterwards to Sir William Morice/An Scipio Africanus, servant to African/Whose Quality might have done Honour/To the Earl of Suffolk was any Nation or Climate.In the buried in St Mary’s churchyard of Kenwyn Church in Churchyard, Church Close, Truro there is a memorial stone to Henbury, Bristol (picture Joseph Emidy, a musician.
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