Communist China's Policy of Oppression in East Turkestan
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From Xizang to Xinjiang an Analysis of the Role of Diaspora-Based Transnational Social Movements in Opposing Chinese Ethnic Minority Treatment
Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales Grado en Relaciones Internacionales Trabajo Fin de Grado From Xizang to Xinjiang An Analysis of the Role of Diaspora-Based Transnational Social Movements in Opposing Chinese Ethnic Minority Treatment Estudiante: Blanca Marabini San Martín Director: Mario López Areu Madrid, a 5 de mayo de 2020 The land of Ili is full of flowers there is a strong cold in the summer months the red roses of our homeland is the blood of our martyrs shed for this land. The land of Ili is very bright and full of passion its caves and valleys are full of rich miracles songs of Sadir echoes lyrics of Nuzugum resonate all around. The land of Ili is full of mysteries even dark nights don’t fall into sleep they awaken the light of dawn the sheer lyrics of nightingales. The land of Ili is full of lilacs. – Kasim Sidik, Uyghur writer and poet Contents Chapter I: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Objective and Motives ................................................................................................ 2 Chapter II: Contextualization of the Analysis ........................................................................... 3 2.1. State of the Art ............................................................................................................ 3 2.1.1. Transnational Social Movements ......................................................................... 3 2.1.2. Minority Policies in China .................................................................................. -
Cahiers Du Monde Russe, 52\/2-3
Cahiers du monde russe Russie - Empire russe - Union soviétique et États indépendants 52/2-3 | 2011 L’URSS et la Seconde Guerre mondiale Stalin’s postwar border-making tactics East and West Les stratégies adoptées par Stalin dans l’après-guerre pour réviser les frontières orientales et occidentales David Wolff Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/9334 DOI: 10.4000/monderusse.9334 ISSN: 1777-5388 Publisher Éditions de l’EHESS Printed version Date of publication: 15 November 2011 Number of pages: 273-291 ISBN: 978-2-7132-2352-5 ISSN: 1252-6576 Electronic reference David Wolff, « Stalin’s postwar border-making tactics », Cahiers du monde russe [Online], 52/2-3 | 2011, Online since 12 September 2014, Connection on 23 April 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ monderusse/9334 ; DOI : 10.4000/monderusse.9334 This text was automatically generated on 23 April 2019. © École des hautes études en sciences sociales Stalin’s postwar border-making tactics 1 Stalin’s postwar border-making tactics East and West Les stratégies adoptées par Stalin dans l’après-guerre pour réviser les frontières orientales et occidentales David Wolff 1 While Stalin changed the internal geography of the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s, until 1939, there were few opportunities to move international borders.1 But by the time World War Two came to an end, with overwhelming personal, institutional, and raw military power, Stalin, who now spoke unselfconsciously in the name of the Soviet Union, prepared to adjust several borders in various ways, but all to Moscow’s immediate benefit. In this article, we will examine the Polish, Czechoslovakian, Hungarian, Romanian, Turkish, Iranian, Chinese, Mongolian and Japanese borders in order to catalog the ingredients that went into Stalinist border resolution, East and West. -
WUC Newsletter Page 1 NEWSLETTER NO.9 a PRIL 2011
WUC Newsletter Page 1 NEWSLETTER NO.9 A PRIL 2011 TOP STORY Urgency Resolution of the European Parliament on the Situation and Cultural Heritage in Kashgar Pic: National Geographic MEDIA WORK WUC Expresses its Solidarity with Japan Letter to German Minister of Foreign Affairs WUC on Twitter FEATURED PAST EVENTS Publication of First Dutch-Uyghur Dictionary ARTICLES Tibetan National Uprising Day: Demonstration in The Hague Uyghur Newruz Celebrations World Day Against Cyber-Censorship: New RWB Report Human Rights 3rd Geneva Summit for Human Rights and Democracy WUC Project Coordinator at Interfaith International Event Violations Meetings with UN Special Mandate Holders Against Uyghurs Uyghur Human Rights Project at Dutch Parliament Discussed Worldwide Readings for Liu Xiaobo During UN Uyghur Leadership Training Seminar, Australia WUC Secretary General in Japan Human Rights Conference on Central Asia, Berlin Council Rebiya Kadeer at Presentation of New Amnesty International Report UPCOMING EVENTS Second Uyghur Youth Meeting, Sweden New Death Exhibition Opening Sentences in Xinjiang or East Turkestan? Thoughts on the Uyghur Homeland Second Uyghur Youth Meeting in Sweden East Turkestan East Turkestan Uyghur Summit World Press Freedom Day 2011 HIGHLIGHTED MEDIA ARTICLES AND REPORTS ON UYGHUR RELATED ISSUES Tursunjan Hezim Given 7 Years Uyghur Prisoner Mehmet Eli Rozi Denied Medical Care AI Report: Death sentences and executions in 2010 HRIC Releases Whitepaper on the Shanghai Cooperation Organization MORE MEDIA ARTICLES World Uyghur Congress I P.O. Box 310312 I 80103 Munich / Germany Tel: +49 (0) 89 5432 1999 I Fax: +49 (0) 89 5434 9789 I [email protected] I www.uyghurcongress.org TOP STORY WUC Newsletter Page 2 Urgency Resolution of the European Parliament on Safeguarding Kashgar The World Uyghur Congress (WUC) on discrimination is not only violating the behalf of the Uyghur community around the Uyghurs´ right to development, but is also world applauds the Urgency Resolution on increasing social tensions. -
Pan-Turkism and Geopolitics of China
PAN-TURKISM AND GEOPOLITICS OF CHINA David Babayan* Introduction People’s Republic of China (PRC) is currently one of the most powerful and dy- namically developing countries of the world. The economic development of the country is particularly impressive, as explicitly reflected in key economic indices, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP). For instance, China’s GDP in 2007 was $3.43 trillion1, and in 2010 it already amounted to $6 trillion2. The foreign trade volume of the country also grows at astronomical rates. In 1982 it was $38.6 bil- lion3, in 2002 – $620.8 billion, and in 2010 totaled to almost $3 trillion4. According to Sha Zukang, United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, China’s economic development is a sustained fast growth rare in modern world history5. Some experts even believe that while the first thirty years of China’s eco- nomic reforms program was about joining the world, the story of the next thirty years will be about how China reaches out and shapes the world6. Chinese analysts calculate the standing of nations by measuring “comprehensive national strength” of these nations7. This method relies on measuring four subsystems of a country’s national power: (1) material or hard power (natural resources, economy, science * Ph.D., History. 1 “China’s GDP grows 11.4 percent in 2007,” Xinhua, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-01/24/ content_7485388.htm, January 24, 2008. 2 Chen Yongrong, “China's economy expands faster in 2010, tightening fears grow”, Xinhua, http:// news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-01/20/c_13699250.htm, January 20, 2011. -
The East Turkistan Islamic Party (E.T.I.P.) University Honors Capstone, Spring 2014
The East Turkistan Islamic Party (E.T.I.P.) University Honors Capstone, Spring 2014 Author: Kathryn Appelman Advisor: Tricia Bacon, JLC This study investigates the motives, history, leadership, impact, and future of the East Turkistan Islamic Party (E.T.I.P.), a little-studied ethno-nationalist separatist terrorist organization in China’s Xinjiang province. Basing findings on existing literature, original Chinese news reports and press releases, and firsthand interviews with experts, it concludes that while E.T.I.P.-proper does not pose a significant threat to U.S. national security, issues surrounding it present significant foreign policy problems vis à vis China and the human rights community. However, ETIP members in Pakistan are likely cooperating with known enemies of the United States, and the United States should continue its CT efforts against them without infringing on China’s sovereignty. The East Turkistan Islamic Party (E.T.I.P.) I. Overview and Literature Review ETIP, or the East Turkistan Islamic Party, is a religious ethno-nationalist terrorist organization, made up of Uighur separatists who aim to establish a fundamentalist Islamic state in the West Chinese province of Xinjiang. In the United States, it is known largely for its connection to Al Qaeda, its threats against the 2008 Beijing Olympics, and its members detained in Guantanamo Bay. However, in China, ETIP is considered a serious threat to the internal security of the country. The study of active terrorist groups will always be a murky subject, but ETIP takes “murky” to a new level. Members of ETIP are Uighur Muslims; however, much further information, such as education level, structure, or community support, even the size of the organization, is tightly guarded by the PRC. -
Flags of Asia
Flags of Asia Item Type Book Authors McGiverin, Rolland Publisher Indiana State University Download date 27/09/2021 04:44:49 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10484/12198 FLAGS OF ASIA A Bibliography MAY 2, 2017 ROLLAND MCGIVERIN Indiana State University 1 Territory ............................................................... 10 Contents Ethnic ................................................................... 11 Afghanistan ............................................................ 1 Brunei .................................................................. 11 Country .................................................................. 1 Country ................................................................ 11 Ethnic ..................................................................... 2 Cambodia ............................................................. 12 Political .................................................................. 3 Country ................................................................ 12 Armenia .................................................................. 3 Ethnic ................................................................... 13 Country .................................................................. 3 Government ......................................................... 13 Ethnic ..................................................................... 5 China .................................................................... 13 Region .................................................................. -
New Reality and Nagorno-Karabakh: the Cemre That Fell to Nagorno-Karabakh
Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi XXXVI / 1, 2021, 209-251 DOI: 10.18513/egetid.974614 THE WAR BETWEEN PERIOD AND EXCLAMATION MARK: NEW REALITY AND NAGORNO-KARABAKH: THE CEMRE THAT FELL TO NAGORNO-KARABAKH * ** Vefa KURBAN - Oğuzhan ERGÜN Abstract Having always been competition fields thanks to their geopolitical impact potential, the Caucasus and Turkestan have been among the Strategic Focus Centres of Russia since the Tsarist times. While Russia, whose strategic culture has produced expansionist policies for centuries, constantly expanded its political borders, it clashed with the Ottoman Empire and Iran in the Caucasus field of competition. From the second half of the 19th century, the Kazakh regions and independent Turkic states (Khiva, Kokand and Bukhara) were occupied by the Tsarist Russia. The Imperial Age was also a period in which Russia expanded its sphere of influence over the Ottoman Empire through its patronage policies. Having embraced “New Reality” in the regional power projection in the near past, Turkey stayed away from the region for a long time. In addition to some ethnic and cultural problems paused by the Cold War, problems in the partition of the territory came to light again following the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Caucasus geography, from south to north, went back into the period when various national issues were at the forefront and conflicts were experienced. The occupation Armenia carried out with the sponsorship and de facto military support of Russia violated the sovereignty rights of Azerbaijan, caused great social and economic harm, deteriorated the geopolitical impact potential of Azerbaijan and Turkey, and annihilated the possibility of direct connection between Turkey and Turkestan. -
Separatist Movements Should Nations Have 2 a Right to Self-Determination? Brian Beary
Separatist Movements Should Nations Have 2 a Right to Self-Determination? Brian Beary ngry protesters hurling rocks at security forces; hotels, shops and restaurants torched; a city choked by teargas. AThe violent images that began flashing around the world on March 14 could have been from any number of tense places from Africa to the Balkans. But the scene took place high in the Himalayas, in the ancient Tibetan capital of Lhasa. Known for its red-robed Buddhist monks, the legendary city was the latest flashpoint in Tibetan separatists’ ongoing frustra- tion over China’s continuing occupation of their homeland.1 Weeks earlier, thousands of miles away in Belgrade, Serbia, hun- dreds of thousands of Serbs took to the streets to vent fury over Kosovo’s secession on Feb. 17, 2008. Black smoke billowed from the burning U.S. Embassy, set ablaze by Serbs angered by Washington’s acceptance of Kosovo’s action.2 “As long as we live, Kosovo is Serbia,” thundered Serbian 3 AFP/Getty Images Prime Minister Vojislav Kostunica at a rally earlier in the day. The American Embassy in Belgrade is set ablaze on Kosovo had been in political limbo since a NATO-led military Feb. 21 by Serbian nationalists angered by U.S. force wrested the region from Serb hands in 1999 and turned it support for Kosovo’s recent secession from Serbia. into an international protectorate after Serbia brutally clamped About 70 separatist movements are under way down on ethnic Albanian separatists. Before the split, about 75 around the globe, but most are nonviolent. -
Black Georgians
Subject Guide Black Georgians Ref. Wong/6/98 Ref. AN/3 Ref. EPHEMERA/292 Background The Georgian period covers the years 1714 to 1837, from the reign of King George I, the great grandson of King James I, through to the end of King William IV’s reign. For some, the Georgian period extends only until 1830, finishing with the death of King George IV. This subject guide, however, recognises the regency of King George IV’s brother, King William IV, which ended with his death in 1837. In 1837, Queen Victoria ascends to the throne, ending the Georgian period and introducing the Victorian period. The Georgian period was a time of immense growth and change in Britain, a pivotal point in British history. The emergence of Industrialisation during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries changed the landscape and economy of Britain forever, through the introduction of steam engines, large-scale production factories, and the development of a new network of canals.1 During the eighteenth century, there were a number of pioneering individuals who worked relentlessly as abolitionists, poets, political leaders, and radicals. They actively challenged prevailing notions of white supremacy and the system of enslavement that, until then, was dominating British consciousness. A number of these individuals published first- person testimonies relating the horrors of enslavement. These forcefully drew attention to a trade that many in Georgian society were unable to fully comprehend. These prevailing notions of white supremacy were challenged in all aspects of British society, through the arts, politics and sports. Whilst there were a number of prominent figures leading and shaping the campaign for racial equality in Georgian Britain, there were a larger number of more “everyday” Black Georgians, working particularly as domestic servants. -
POK June 2010.Pmd
POK NEWS DIGEST A MONTHLY NEWS DIGEST ON PAKISTAN OCCUPIED KASHMIR Volume 3 Number 6 June 2010 • Commentary Pakistani Dams in Gilgit-Baltistan:A Recipe For Environmental Disaster - Senge Hasnan Sering • Political Developments Times Square Plotter Trained at a Lashker Base in PoK Nationalists of Gilgit Baltistan Condemn Prime Minister of Pakistan’s Response to Attabad-Hunza Disaster Balwaristan: The Last Colony :Pakistan’s Suppresssion of Civil Society in Gilgit Baltistan •Economic Developments Landslide Lake Devastates China Trade GB to Spend 70% Budget on Land Revenue Payments • International Developments Compiled & Edited US $ 100, 000 Unicef Supplies Reach Gilgit by • Other Developments Dr Priyanka Singh Hunza Valley Inches Towards Flood INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE STUDIES AND ANALYSES No. 1, Development Enclave, Rao Tula Ram Marg June 2010 New Delhi-110 010 1 Jammu & Kashmir (Source: Based on the Survey of India Map, Govt of India 2000 ) A Monthly Newsletter on Pakistan Occupied Kashmir 2 About this Issue The current issue embodies reports on the natural catastrophe that looms large over the PoK region and the ensuing discontent amongst masses who find themselves caught amidst uncertainties. There was widespread rage over delayed response from the government of Pakistan when Hunza valley was threatened by glacial outbursts and flood last month. People were displaced in large numbers and this posed a huge challenge to the state apparatus which has not proved efficient on earlier emergency situations such as this. PoK is vulnerable to natural calamities as it lies in an extremely sensitive seismic zone and the construction of dams and other infrastructure have proved rather adverse to the environmental balance in the region. -
NEIGHBORS and RIVALS: China in Turkey's Educational System
NEIGHBORS AND RIVALS China in Turkey’s Educational System Eldad J. Pardo and Mehmet Ekinci February 2017 IMPACT-se Suite 15, Belgium House, Givat Ram Campus, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Office/Fax: +972-2-5332497 Website: www.impact-se.org The Root of Anti-Chinese Protests in Turkey: Strategic Insights from Education By Eldad J. Pardo and Mehmet Ekinci1 The attempted July 15 coup d'état in Turkey occurred on the heels of numerous core issues relating to the political culture in this important country. For the purpose of this report, we will examine a less-known incident, while briefly examining the connection to current Turkish education. Just a year before the coup, during the summer of 2015, rampant anti-Chinese protests took place in Turkey with Turkish demonstrators burning Chinese flags and attacking Chinese tourists and restaurants while China warned its citizens traveling in Turkey to take precautions.2 Several demonstrations were held across Turkey to protest alleged Chinese maltreatment of ethnic Uyghurs during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan. The protests gathered momentum following alleged reports that China had imposed strict bans on the Uyghur Muslim minority in China's large northwestern region of Xinjiang also known as the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Uyghurs are Muslims who speak a Turkic language.3 It was reported that they had been banned from worship and fasting during Ramadan. Turkish news outlets also reported that Chinese police killed eighteen "Uyghur Turks."4 The Chinese government has said that it fully respects the freedom of Muslim religious beliefs and that the alleged accusations were both completely at odds with the facts and exaggerated by the Turkish media.5 Anti-Chinese demonstrations started in the beginning of July 2015, when Turkish citizens, brandishing sticks and throwing stones, attacked a Chinese restaurant in the city center of Istanbul. -
Slavery Sites in the UK
Slavery sites in the UK There are few areas in of ‘blackamoors’, ‘Black the United Kingdom that servants’ ‘Negro men’ and were not affected—either ‘Negro paupers’. In the directly or indirectly—by churchyard of St Martin’s the trade in enslaved Church, Bowness on Africans, whether it be the Windermere, a headstone legacy of grand buildings bears an inscription to the and institutions founded memory of Rasselas on the profits of the trade, Belfield a Native of the clues to the history in Abyssinia: A Slave by place names like Jamaica birth I left my native Road, Tobago Street, land/And found my Guinea Street, Black Boys Freedom on Britannia’s Hill, Whiteladies Road or Strand… Similarly, the parish records and grave of Samuel Ally lies inscribed gravestones. in Old Kirk Braddan Indeed, in many parts of Church near Douglas on the country, local history the Isle of Man (5). He can provide a rich vein for was emancipated and the exploration of the brought to the island to trade during Black History work as a servant. He died Month and beyond. there at the age of 18. David Spens was Number 1 Queen brought from the West Street in Lancaster (6) Indies to Methil in Fife, was the home of a Scotland. He was baptised wealthy slave trader who in Wemyss Church in 1769 (1). He took his case for had a Black servant, John Chance. Near Lancaster, at freedom to the Court of Session in Edinburgh Sunderland Point is the grave of ‘Samboo’ who came claiming that since he was now a Christian he to England in 1736 and died soon after.