Pan-Turkism and Geopolitics of China
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From Xizang to Xinjiang an Analysis of the Role of Diaspora-Based Transnational Social Movements in Opposing Chinese Ethnic Minority Treatment
Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales Grado en Relaciones Internacionales Trabajo Fin de Grado From Xizang to Xinjiang An Analysis of the Role of Diaspora-Based Transnational Social Movements in Opposing Chinese Ethnic Minority Treatment Estudiante: Blanca Marabini San Martín Director: Mario López Areu Madrid, a 5 de mayo de 2020 The land of Ili is full of flowers there is a strong cold in the summer months the red roses of our homeland is the blood of our martyrs shed for this land. The land of Ili is very bright and full of passion its caves and valleys are full of rich miracles songs of Sadir echoes lyrics of Nuzugum resonate all around. The land of Ili is full of mysteries even dark nights don’t fall into sleep they awaken the light of dawn the sheer lyrics of nightingales. The land of Ili is full of lilacs. – Kasim Sidik, Uyghur writer and poet Contents Chapter I: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Objective and Motives ................................................................................................ 2 Chapter II: Contextualization of the Analysis ........................................................................... 3 2.1. State of the Art ............................................................................................................ 3 2.1.1. Transnational Social Movements ......................................................................... 3 2.1.2. Minority Policies in China .................................................................................. -
Forced Labour in East Turkestan: State-Sanctioned Hashar System
FORCED LABOUR IN EAST TURKESTAN: State -Sanctioned Hashar System World Uyghur Congress | November 2016 WUC Headquarters: P.O. Box 310312 80103 Munich, Germany Tel: +49 89 5432 1999 Fax: +49 89 5434 9789 Email: [email protected] Web Address: www.uyghurcongress.org Copyright © 2016 World Uyghur Congress All rights reserved. The World Uyghur Congress (WUC) is a n international organization that represents the collective interests of the Uyghur people in both East Turkestan and abroad. The principle objective of the WUC is to promote democracy, human rights and freedom for the Uyghur people and use peaceful, nonviolent and democratic means to determine their future. Acting as the sole legitimate organization of the Uyghur people in both East Turkestan and abroad, WUC endeavors to set out a course for the peaceful settlement of the East Turkestan Question through dialogue and negotiation. The WUC supports a nonviolent and peaceful opposition movement against Chinese occupation of East Turkestan and an unconditional adherence to internationally recognized human rights standards as laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It adheres to the principles of democratic pluralism and rejects totalitarianism, religious intolerance and terrorism as an instrument of policy. For more information, please visit our website: www.uyghurcongress.org Cover Photo: Uyghurs performing forced labour under the hashar system in Aksu Prefecture, East Turkestan (Radio Free Asia Uyghur Service). FORCED LABOUR IN EAST TURKESTAN: State-Sanctioned Hashar System EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The importance of the protection of human rights has been trending downward under China’s current leader, Xi Jinping, since he took power in 2013. -
Cahiers Du Monde Russe, 52\/2-3
Cahiers du monde russe Russie - Empire russe - Union soviétique et États indépendants 52/2-3 | 2011 L’URSS et la Seconde Guerre mondiale Stalin’s postwar border-making tactics East and West Les stratégies adoptées par Stalin dans l’après-guerre pour réviser les frontières orientales et occidentales David Wolff Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/9334 DOI: 10.4000/monderusse.9334 ISSN: 1777-5388 Publisher Éditions de l’EHESS Printed version Date of publication: 15 November 2011 Number of pages: 273-291 ISBN: 978-2-7132-2352-5 ISSN: 1252-6576 Electronic reference David Wolff, « Stalin’s postwar border-making tactics », Cahiers du monde russe [Online], 52/2-3 | 2011, Online since 12 September 2014, Connection on 23 April 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ monderusse/9334 ; DOI : 10.4000/monderusse.9334 This text was automatically generated on 23 April 2019. © École des hautes études en sciences sociales Stalin’s postwar border-making tactics 1 Stalin’s postwar border-making tactics East and West Les stratégies adoptées par Stalin dans l’après-guerre pour réviser les frontières orientales et occidentales David Wolff 1 While Stalin changed the internal geography of the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s, until 1939, there were few opportunities to move international borders.1 But by the time World War Two came to an end, with overwhelming personal, institutional, and raw military power, Stalin, who now spoke unselfconsciously in the name of the Soviet Union, prepared to adjust several borders in various ways, but all to Moscow’s immediate benefit. In this article, we will examine the Polish, Czechoslovakian, Hungarian, Romanian, Turkish, Iranian, Chinese, Mongolian and Japanese borders in order to catalog the ingredients that went into Stalinist border resolution, East and West. -
WUC Newsletter Page 1 NEWSLETTER NO.9 a PRIL 2011
WUC Newsletter Page 1 NEWSLETTER NO.9 A PRIL 2011 TOP STORY Urgency Resolution of the European Parliament on the Situation and Cultural Heritage in Kashgar Pic: National Geographic MEDIA WORK WUC Expresses its Solidarity with Japan Letter to German Minister of Foreign Affairs WUC on Twitter FEATURED PAST EVENTS Publication of First Dutch-Uyghur Dictionary ARTICLES Tibetan National Uprising Day: Demonstration in The Hague Uyghur Newruz Celebrations World Day Against Cyber-Censorship: New RWB Report Human Rights 3rd Geneva Summit for Human Rights and Democracy WUC Project Coordinator at Interfaith International Event Violations Meetings with UN Special Mandate Holders Against Uyghurs Uyghur Human Rights Project at Dutch Parliament Discussed Worldwide Readings for Liu Xiaobo During UN Uyghur Leadership Training Seminar, Australia WUC Secretary General in Japan Human Rights Conference on Central Asia, Berlin Council Rebiya Kadeer at Presentation of New Amnesty International Report UPCOMING EVENTS Second Uyghur Youth Meeting, Sweden New Death Exhibition Opening Sentences in Xinjiang or East Turkestan? Thoughts on the Uyghur Homeland Second Uyghur Youth Meeting in Sweden East Turkestan East Turkestan Uyghur Summit World Press Freedom Day 2011 HIGHLIGHTED MEDIA ARTICLES AND REPORTS ON UYGHUR RELATED ISSUES Tursunjan Hezim Given 7 Years Uyghur Prisoner Mehmet Eli Rozi Denied Medical Care AI Report: Death sentences and executions in 2010 HRIC Releases Whitepaper on the Shanghai Cooperation Organization MORE MEDIA ARTICLES World Uyghur Congress I P.O. Box 310312 I 80103 Munich / Germany Tel: +49 (0) 89 5432 1999 I Fax: +49 (0) 89 5434 9789 I [email protected] I www.uyghurcongress.org TOP STORY WUC Newsletter Page 2 Urgency Resolution of the European Parliament on Safeguarding Kashgar The World Uyghur Congress (WUC) on discrimination is not only violating the behalf of the Uyghur community around the Uyghurs´ right to development, but is also world applauds the Urgency Resolution on increasing social tensions. -
Without Land, There Is No Life: Chinese State Suppression of Uyghur Environmental Activism
Without land, there is no life: Chinese state suppression of Uyghur environmental activism Table of Contents Summary ..............................................................................................................................2 Cultural Significance of the Environment and Environmentalism ......................................5 Nuclear Testing: Suppression of Uyghur Activism ...........................................................15 Pollution and Ecological Destruction in East Turkestan ...................................................30 Lack of Participation in Decision Making: Development and Displacement ....................45 Legal Instruments...............................................................................................................61 Recommendations ..............................................................................................................66 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................69 Endnotes .............................................................................................................................70 Cover image: Dead toghrak (populus nigra) tree in Niya. Photo courtesy of Flickr 1 Summary The intimate connection between the Uyghur people and the land of East Turkestan is celebrated in songs and poetry written and performed in the Uyghur language. Proverbs in Uyghur convey how the Uyghur culture is tied to reverence of the land and that an individual’s identity is inseparable -
Dissertation JIAN 2016 Final
The Impact of Global English in Xinjiang, China: Linguistic Capital and Identity Negotiation among the Ethnic Minority and Han Chinese Students Ge Jian A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2016 Reading Committee: Laada Bilaniuk, Chair Ann Anagnost, Chair Stevan Harrell Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Anthropology © Copyright 2016 Ge Jian University of Washington Abstract The Impact of Global English in Xinjiang, China: Linguistic Capital and Identity Negotiation among the Ethnic Minority and Han Chinese Students Ge Jian Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Laada Bilaniuk Professor Ann Anagnost Department of Anthropology My dissertation is an ethnographic study of the language politics and practices of college- age English language learners in Xinjiang at the historical juncture of China’s capitalist development. In Xinjiang the international lingua franca English, the national official language Mandarin Chinese, and major Turkic languages such as Uyghur and Kazakh interact and compete for linguistic prestige in different social scenarios. The power relations between the Turkic languages, including the Uyghur language, and Mandarin Chinese is one in which minority languages are surrounded by a dominant state language supported through various institutions such as school and mass media. The much greater symbolic capital that the “legitimate language” Mandarin Chinese carries enables its native speakers to have easier access than the native Turkic speakers to jobs in the labor market. Therefore, many Uyghur parents face the dilemma of choosing between maintaining their cultural and linguistic identity and making their children more socioeconomically mobile. The entry of the global language English and the recent capitalist development in China has led to English education becoming market-oriented and commodified, which has further complicated the linguistic picture in Xinjiang. -
The East Turkistan Islamic Party (E.T.I.P.) University Honors Capstone, Spring 2014
The East Turkistan Islamic Party (E.T.I.P.) University Honors Capstone, Spring 2014 Author: Kathryn Appelman Advisor: Tricia Bacon, JLC This study investigates the motives, history, leadership, impact, and future of the East Turkistan Islamic Party (E.T.I.P.), a little-studied ethno-nationalist separatist terrorist organization in China’s Xinjiang province. Basing findings on existing literature, original Chinese news reports and press releases, and firsthand interviews with experts, it concludes that while E.T.I.P.-proper does not pose a significant threat to U.S. national security, issues surrounding it present significant foreign policy problems vis à vis China and the human rights community. However, ETIP members in Pakistan are likely cooperating with known enemies of the United States, and the United States should continue its CT efforts against them without infringing on China’s sovereignty. The East Turkistan Islamic Party (E.T.I.P.) I. Overview and Literature Review ETIP, or the East Turkistan Islamic Party, is a religious ethno-nationalist terrorist organization, made up of Uighur separatists who aim to establish a fundamentalist Islamic state in the West Chinese province of Xinjiang. In the United States, it is known largely for its connection to Al Qaeda, its threats against the 2008 Beijing Olympics, and its members detained in Guantanamo Bay. However, in China, ETIP is considered a serious threat to the internal security of the country. The study of active terrorist groups will always be a murky subject, but ETIP takes “murky” to a new level. Members of ETIP are Uighur Muslims; however, much further information, such as education level, structure, or community support, even the size of the organization, is tightly guarded by the PRC. -
Flags of Asia
Flags of Asia Item Type Book Authors McGiverin, Rolland Publisher Indiana State University Download date 27/09/2021 04:44:49 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10484/12198 FLAGS OF ASIA A Bibliography MAY 2, 2017 ROLLAND MCGIVERIN Indiana State University 1 Territory ............................................................... 10 Contents Ethnic ................................................................... 11 Afghanistan ............................................................ 1 Brunei .................................................................. 11 Country .................................................................. 1 Country ................................................................ 11 Ethnic ..................................................................... 2 Cambodia ............................................................. 12 Political .................................................................. 3 Country ................................................................ 12 Armenia .................................................................. 3 Ethnic ................................................................... 13 Country .................................................................. 3 Government ......................................................... 13 Ethnic ..................................................................... 5 China .................................................................... 13 Region .................................................................. -
Tibetan Studies in Russia: a Brief Historical Account
Annuaire de l'École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Section des sciences religieuses Résumé des conférences et travaux 126 | 2019 2017-2018 Religions tibétaines Tibetan studies in Russia: a brief historical account Alexander Zorin Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/asr/2498 DOI: 10.4000/asr.2498 ISSN: 1969-6329 Publisher Publications de l’École Pratique des Hautes Études Printed version Date of publication: 15 September 2019 Number of pages: 63-70 ISBN: 978-2909036-47-2 ISSN: 0183-7478 Electronic reference Alexander Zorin, “Tibetan studies in Russia: a brief historical account”, Annuaire de l'École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Section des sciences religieuses [Online], 126 | 2019, Online since 19 September 2019, connection on 06 July 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/asr/2498 ; DOI: https:// doi.org/10.4000/asr.2498 Tous droits réservés : EPHE Religions tibétaines Alexander ZORIN Directeur d’études invité Institut des Manuscrits Orientaux, Académie des Sciences de la Russie, Saint-Pétersbourg Tibetan studies in Russia: a brief historical account IBETOLOGY is one of the oldest branches of Oriental studies in Russia that used to Tbe closely connected with foreign and inner policy of the Russian State starting from the late 17th century. The neighborhood with various Mongolian politia and gradual spread of Russian sovereignty upon some of them caused the necessity of studying and using Tibetan along with Mongolian, Oirat, Buryat languages and also, from the 18th century, studying Tibetan Buddhism as the dominant religion of these people. Huge collections of Tibetan texts and Tibetan arts were gradually gathered in St. Petersburg and some other cities, and the initiator of this process was Peter the Great, the first Russian emperor. -
Uyghur Human Rights Violations in Northwest China
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON October 23, 2018 Darren Byler, PhD Department of Anthropology, University of Washington UYGHUR HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN NORTHWEST CHINA Section 1: Overview Based on mounting evidence it is clear that the Chinese state is engaging in the extrajudicial systematic mass detention of Uyghurs, Kazakhs and other Muslim minorities. This process resonates with the most horrific moments in modern history. In the past such processes have resulted in generational trauma and social elimination. They shattered families, destroyed native forms of knowledge and, at times, resulted in mass death. Since 2017, hundreds of thousands of Uyghurs and Kazakhs have been “disappeared” into a widespread system of “education transformation centers” in Northwest China (Xinjiang) (Philips 2018; Zenz 2018). Nearly all Uyghurs and Kazakhs in China have an immediate family member who is interned in this re- education camp system. This human engineering project affects every aspect of their lives. As the scholar Gene Bunin has noted recently (Bunin 2018), Uyghurs now refer to themselves as a “people destroyed.” As I observed during a research visit in April 2018, the phrase “everyone is gone” or “disappeared” (Uy: adem yoq) is something that Uyghurs repeat on a regular basis. Many Uyghur-owned businesses have closed across the country. Whole streets have been abandoned in Uyghur towns and villages in their homeland. The mass detention of Muslims was accelerated in 2017 when the Party Secretary of the region Chen Quanguo, with the encouragement of the Xi Jinping administration, instituted a mass evaluation of Uyghur and Kazakh society (Chin 2017). Chen asked security personnel and civil servants to determine who had studied or taught unauthorized forms of Islam, traveled internationally or had international contacts (See Figure 1). -
The Special Status of Turfan
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 186 March, 2009 The Special Status of Turfan by Doug Hitch Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series edited by Victor H. Mair. The purpose of the series is to make available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including Romanized Modern Standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino-Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. The only style-sheet we honor is that of consistency. Where possible, we prefer the usages of the Journal of Asian Studies. Sinographs (hanzi, also called tetragraphs [fangkuaizi]) and other unusual symbols should be kept to an absolute minimum. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. -
Living on the Margins: the Chinese State’S Demolition of Uyghur Communities
Living on the Margins: The Chinese State’s Demolition of Uyghur Communities A Report by the Uyghur Human Rights Project Table of Contents I. Executive Summary .....................................................................................................................3 II. Background.................................................................................................................................4 III. Legal Instruments ....................................................................................................................16 IV. Peaceful Resident, Prosperous Citizen; the Broad Scope of Demolition Projects throughout East Turkestan.............................................................................................................29 V. Kashgar: An In-Depth Look at the Chinese State’s Failure to Protect Uyghur Homes and Communities...........................................................................................................................55 VI. Transformation and Development with Chinese Characteristics............................................70 VII. Recommendations..................................................................................................................84 VIII. Appendix: Results of an Online Survey Regarding the Demolition of Kashgar Old City ................................................................................................................................................86 IX. Acknowledgments...................................................................................................................88