DOCSLIB.ORG

Colonia Caesarea (Pisidian Antioch) in the Augustan Age Author(S): W

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Colonia Caesarea (Pisidian Antioch) in the Augustan Age Author(S): W Colonia Caesarea (Pisidian Antioch) in the Augustan Age Author(s): W. M. Ramsay Source: The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 6 (1916), pp. 83-134 Published by: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/296268 . Accessed: 15/06/2014 07:03 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Roman Studies. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 195.78.108.185 on Sun, 15 Jun 2014 07:03:00 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions COLONIA CAESAREA(PISIDIAN ANTIOCH) IN THE AUGUSTAN AGE.1 By SIR W. M. RAMSAY. I. FOUNDATION AND IMPORTANCE OF THE COLONY. Colonia Caesarea was the oldest and the chief among the Pisidian coloniae which were founded by Augustus. The emperor brieflyrefers in the MonumentumAncyranum to one or more colonies in Pisidia; but the reference is so slight as to give no evidence of their number or of the time or circumstancesof foundation: it only shows that he planted in Pisidia at least one colony of soldiers. Strictly these garrison cities were ' Pisidian,' not 'in Pisidia': they were founded on the Pisidian frontier of the empire, but the Romans expressed themselves with geographical looseness, and the looseness had a political meaning and purpose: Rome did not trouble herself about barbarian geography, but intended to substitute a Roman geographyand classification.2 The Pisidian coloniae of Augustus were not all situated in the country which bore the name Pisidia among geographersor Greek writers who had regard to racial facts. Augustus and the Romans generally employed the term Pisidia in a loose way to designate a large part of the western Taurus mountains between Lycia and Cilicia, together with the foothills and the valleys on the north side of Taurus, so far as these were commandedby the mountains. That the geographicalnames in Asia Minor were used in a very loose fashion is a complaint made by Strabo more than once; and he assignspait of the blame for this loosenessto the Romans, who arranged their divisions without regard to racial facts.3 Part of the fault lay in the intermixtureof races, and the difficultyof fixing definite limits between them. Three of those colonies were in Pisidia proper: one, namely Antioch, was in Phrygia;one, namelyLystra, was in Lycaoniaor in the Isauricanregion : one, namelyParlais, is usuallyassigned to Lycaonia, although the Augustan term Pisidian is probably more correct. 1 The following paper, sections i-vi, was written Ramsay, with Professor Calder and myself, were and ready for the printer in July, 1914, but publi- excavating the temple adjacent to the colony cation has been delayed for various (some of on the mountain above: later we all united in the them obvious) reasons. The time that has elapsed concluding stages of the excavation on the site since August 4, 1914, has not been propitious for of the colony. The excavation in 1914 was con- such work, and nothing further has been done ducted only by Lady Ramsay and myself, and it to it except in ?3 (q.v.). In the circumstances the was her eye which detected the proper place to article remains a first and merely preliminary resume the work of I913; on the very first day report prepared in the first few days after returning we began to find stones of the Augustan staircase from an excavation while the scene was fresh in my (see ? 6). The on the site of the memory. excavations colony 2 Strab xiii6*. 4 p. were conducted in I9I3 by Professor Callander of S Queen's College, Kingston, Ontario, while Lady 3 Strabo, ib. This content downloaded from 195.78.108.185 on Sun, 15 Jun 2014 07:03:00 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 84 COLONIA CAESAREA (PISIDIAN ANTIOCH) IN THE AUGUSTAN AGE. The fact that the intention of them all was to restrainthe mountain tribes of Taurus, loosely called Pisidians by the Romans at that time, led to their being classed as Pisidian colonies. These Pisidian coloniae fall into two divisions, as their names show. The first divisioncontains only Colonia Caesarea(Antiochea). The second contains five: Cremna, Olbasa, Comama, Parlais, Lystra (or Lustra as the inhabitantscall it on coins and inscriptions). These five are all termed Colonia Iulia or Iulia Augusta, with additional epithets: Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Cremnensium (Cremna), Colonia Iulia Augusta Olbasena, Colonia Iulia Augusta Prima Fida Comama, Colonia Iulia Augusta Parlais, Colonia Julia Felix Gemina Iustra. The omission of Augusta in the last is probably accidental. The authorities often shorten the long titles of these coloniae by omitting one or more of the names: probably Parlaisalso had other epithets. Colonia Caesareastands by itself, and the name points to an earlier date for its foundation. Messrs. Cumont and Anderson point out1 that the name Kaisareionfor a temple of Augustusimplies an earlier date than the name Sebasteion or Augusteum. Now it is impossible to place the foundation of this colonia so early as 27 B.C. when the title Augustus was bestowed on Octavianus; for the province Galatia was not created until 25 B.C. and it is a funda- mental that a colonia was on Roman soil, even principle 2 although a recent investigatorssometimes ignore the principle, and Kornemann says that Colonia Caesareawas founded before 27 B.C. inasmuch as after that year it would have been called lulia Augusta: in other words he maintains that the Roman colony was founded in the kingdomof Amyntas. This principle does not imply that no colonia was planted in a country unless it had already been fully organised as a province; for there are exceptional cases, in which it was so important for the Roman to hold a piece of foreign territory, either for trade and imperial intercommunication,or for military reasons, that the foundation of a garrison city and centre of Roman power was necessaly. Such was the case at Narbo, which was needed to hold the land-road to the two provincesof Spain. It was impossible to permit the connexion between Rome and Spain to depend solely on navigation: that was too uncertain. The land-route must be held firmlv. The necessary basis for retaining the Spanish pro- vinces was a safe roadthrough the south of France. Again, evidently, 1Studia Pontica, iii, p. 80 f. 1894, p. 164 ff), yet I still adhere to the view stated 2 Colonia Niniva was long supposed to be an there that Claudiopolis was founded as a city by exceptional colonia situated on alien soil; but Antiochus in honour of Claudius, and Col. Iul. Aug. the name is now proved to be an error for Claud. Ninica as a colonia by Domitian, named Ninica in Cilicia Tracheia. Kubitschek, however, after Iulia Augusta: Kubitschek, Rundschau iiber would attribute the foundation of Colonia Ninica ein Quinquennium d. a. Num., Wien, I896 (see foot- Claudiopolis to Claudius, long before the province note on p. 86). arose; but, though he explicitly dissents in this from my article on Colonia Ninica (Rev. Numism. 3 In Pauly-Wissowa s.v. Colonia, p. 532. This content downloaded from 195.78.108.185 on Sun, 15 Jun 2014 07:03:00 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions COLONIA CAESAREA (PISIDIAN ANTIOCH) IN THE AUGUSTAN AGE. 85 in the case of the Mauretanian colonies founded by Augustus, the principle that the territory of the colony was a piece of Rome itself, separated in space from the rest of Rome, was observed. Pliny remarks with regard to the first of these colonies that its territory was disjoined from the alien rule of Mauretanian kings and attached to the administration of the province Baetica; and the same may confidently be said about the others. All stood on or at no great distance from the coast, and were needed to maintain the Roman dominion on the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. None of the conditions that apply to Narbo and other cases were fulfilled at Antioch, which had been a self--governing state from I89 to 40 B.C. It was then given to Amyntas, an energetic client king. No Roman interest was involved in this district, except that of general peace and order; and it was a principle of Augustan administration that, in such outlying distant regions, where the population was not yet fit for incorporation in the empire as a province, the general advantage would be best served by placing the territory under the government of a king, part of whose duty was to educate the people up to the standard needed for a provincia. 1 Such kings were Amyntas, Polemon, Herodes, Antiochus IV, etc. No line of communication of great importance for the empire passed through Pisidian Antioch. There is no sign that it had been a centre of Roman trade, or that Roman traders had preceded the eagles in settling there. The rarity of cives Romani consistentes in the province Galatia is remarkable, and contrasts with their great numbers and wide distribution in the province Asia (as is gathered from a wide survey of the epigraphic material).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Exiled Bishops of Constantinople from the Fourth to the Late Sixth Century
    Studia Ceranea 5, 2015, p. 231–247 ISSN: 2084-140X DOI: 10.18778/2084-140X.05.07 e-ISSN: 2449-8378 Rafał Kosiński (Białystok) The Exiled Bishops of Constantinople from the Fourth to the Late Sixth Century he existence of quick and efficient communication with the provincial territo- Tries was a matter of vital importance to Late-Antique Constantinople, the cap- ital city and the administrative centre of the Eastern Roman Empire. As a result, it became necessary to ensure the creation and maintenance of the land and sea routes linking the City with the provinces. The present article aims to examine which of those links, specifically by land or sea, facilitated a more rapid and conve- nient communication between the capital city and the more or less distant regions of the Empire, as exemplified by the various places of exile connected with the deposed bishops of Constantinople. Assuming that one of the key goals of sending someone into banishment would be to prevent them, as much as possible, from having any form of communication with the City, the location of the places to which they had been confined by the order of the authorities could indicate which method of contact would have potentially made it easier, or more difficult, for an exiled bishop to communicate with his followers at the capital1. In the early Byzantine period, the office of the Bishop of Constantinople was not a very secure position. Considering the time frame from the consecration of the City until the end of the sixth century, as many as 11 metropolitan bish- ops, in effect every third one, had been deposed from their office.
    [Show full text]
  • Abraham (Hermit) 142F. Aristode 160 Acacius (Bishop Atarbius (Bishop Of
    INDEX Abraham (hermit) 142f. Aristode 160 Acacius (bishop Atarbius (bishop of Caesarea) 80f., 86f., of Neocaesarea) 109f., 127 91 Athanasius 63, 67ff., 75 Acacius (bishop Athanasius of Balad 156, 162 of Beroea) 142ff. Athenodorus (brother Aelianus 109 of Gregory al-Farabi 156 Thaumaturgus) 103, 105, Alexander (bishop 133 of Comana) I 26f., 129, Athens 120 132 Augustine 9-21, 70 Alexander (of the Cassiciacum Dialogues 9, 15ff. "Non-Sleepers" Corifessions 9-13, 15, monastery) 203, 211 18, 20f. Alexander (patriarch De beata vita 16ff. of Antioch) 144 De ordine 16ff. Alexander of Retractions 19 Abonoteichos 41 Soliloquies 19f. Alexander Severus Aurelian (emperor (emperor 222-235) 47 270-275) 121 Alexandria 37, 39f., 64, Auxentios 205 82, 101, 104, 120, Babai 172 n. II, 126f., 129 173ff. n. 92, 143, Babylas 70 156, 215 Baghdad 156 Alexandrian Christology 68 Bardesanism/Bardesanites 147 Amaseia 128 Barhadbeshabba 'Arbaya 145 Ambrose 70, 91 Barnabas 203 n. 39 Basil of Caeserea 109f., 117, Anastasios (monk) 207 121ff., 126f., Anastasius (= Magundat) 171 131, 157, Ancyra 113 166 Andrew Kalybites 207 Basilides 32, 37ff. Andrew the Fool 203 Beroea 141, 142 Annisa 112f. Berytus 101, 103f., Antioch 82, 105, 120 I I If., 155, 160, 215 Caesarea (Cappadocia) 129 Antiochene theology 72f., 143 Caesarea (Palestine) 80ff., 87, Antiochos the African 205 91, 92, 100, Antony 63,69f., 101, 103ff., 75f. 120 Antony / Antoninus Cappadocia 46ff., 53, (pupil of Lucian) 65 122 Apelles 51 Carpocrates 32, 39, 41 Arius/ Arianism/ Arians 65ff., 80ff., Carthage 47,49, 51, 92, 148 53ff., 57f. 224 INDEX Cataphrygian(s) 50ff., 56, 59 David of Thessalonike 205 Chaereas (comes) 140 Dcmosthenes (vicarius Chalcedon 75 of Pontica) III Chosroes II 17Iff., 175, Diogenes (bishop 177, I 79f., of Edessa) 144 182, 184, Dionysius (pope 259~269) 106 188 Doctrina Addai 91 n.
    [Show full text]
  • Transantiquity
    TransAntiquity TransAntiquity explores transgender practices, in particular cross-dressing, and their literary and figurative representations in antiquity. It offers a ground-breaking study of cross-dressing, both the social practice and its conceptualization, and its interaction with normative prescriptions on gender and sexuality in the ancient Mediterranean world. Special attention is paid to the reactions of the societies of the time, the impact transgender practices had on individuals’ symbolic and social capital, as well as the reactions of institutionalized power and the juridical systems. The variety of subjects and approaches demonstrates just how complex and widespread “transgender dynamics” were in antiquity. Domitilla Campanile (PhD 1992) is Associate Professor of Roman History at the University of Pisa, Italy. Filippo Carlà-Uhink is Lecturer in Classics and Ancient History at the University of Exeter, UK. After studying in Turin and Udine, he worked as a lecturer at the University of Heidelberg, Germany, and as Assistant Professor for Cultural History of Antiquity at the University of Mainz, Germany. Margherita Facella is Associate Professor of Greek History at the University of Pisa, Italy. She was Visiting Associate Professor at Northwestern University, USA, and a Research Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation at the University of Münster, Germany. Routledge monographs in classical studies Menander in Contexts Athens Transformed, 404–262 BC Edited by Alan H. Sommerstein From popular sovereignty to the dominion
    [Show full text]
  • ROUTES and COMMUNICATIONS in LATE ROMAN and BYZANTINE ANATOLIA (Ca
    ROUTES AND COMMUNICATIONS IN LATE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE ANATOLIA (ca. 4TH-9TH CENTURIES A.D.) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY TÜLİN KAYA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF SETTLEMENT ARCHAEOLOGY JULY 2020 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Yaşar KONDAKÇI Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. D. Burcu ERCİYAS Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale ÖZGENEL Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Suna GÜVEN (METU, ARCH) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale ÖZGENEL (METU, ARCH) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ufuk SERİN (METU, ARCH) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayşe F. EROL (Hacı Bayram Veli Uni., Arkeoloji) Assist. Prof. Dr. Emine SÖKMEN (Hitit Uni., Arkeoloji) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Tülin Kaya Signature : iii ABSTRACT ROUTES AND COMMUNICATIONS IN LATE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE ANATOLIA (ca. 4TH-9TH CENTURIES A.D.) Kaya, Tülin Ph.D., Department of Settlement Archaeology Supervisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Greek Cities & Islands of Asia Minor
    MASTER NEGATIVE NO. 93-81605- Y MICROFILMED 1 993 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES/NEW YORK / as part of the "Foundations of Western Civilization Preservation Project'' Funded by the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Library COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States - Title 17, United photocopies or States Code - concerns the making of other reproductions of copyrighted material. and Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries or other archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy the reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that for any photocopy or other reproduction is not to be "used purpose other than private study, scholarship, or for, or later uses, a research." If a user makes a request photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of fair infringement. use," that user may be liable for copyright a This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept fulfillment of the order copy order if, in its judgement, would involve violation of the copyright law. AUTHOR: VAUX, WILLIAM SANDYS WRIGHT TITLE: GREEK CITIES ISLANDS OF ASIA MINOR PLACE: LONDON DA TE: 1877 ' Master Negative # COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT BIBLIOGRAPHIC MTCROFORM TAR^FT Original Material as Filmed - Existing Bibliographic Record m^m i» 884.7 !! V46 Vaux, V7aiion Sandys Wright, 1818-1885. ' Ancient history from the monuments. Greek cities I i and islands of Asia Minor, by W. S. W. Vaux... ' ,' London, Society for promoting Christian knowledce." ! 1877. 188. p. plate illus. 17 cm. ^iH2n KJ Restrictions on Use: TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA i? FILM SIZE: 3 S'^y^/"^ REDUCTION IMAGE RATIO: J^/ PLACEMENT: lA UA) iB .
    [Show full text]
  • The Expansion of Christianity: a Gazetteer of Its First Three Centuries
    THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTIANITY SUPPLEMENTS TO VIGILIAE CHRISTIANAE Formerly Philosophia Patrum TEXTS AND STUDIES OF EARLY CHRISTIAN LIFE AND LANGUAGE EDITORS J. DEN BOEFT — J. VAN OORT — W.L. PETERSEN D.T. RUNIA — C. SCHOLTEN — J.C.M. VAN WINDEN VOLUME LXIX THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTIANITY A GAZETTEER OF ITS FIRST THREE CENTURIES BY RODERIC L. MULLEN BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2004 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mullen, Roderic L. The expansion of Christianity : a gazetteer of its first three centuries / Roderic L. Mullen. p. cm. — (Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae, ISSN 0920-623X ; v. 69) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 90-04-13135-3 (alk. paper) 1. Church history—Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600. I. Title. II. Series. BR165.M96 2003 270.1—dc22 2003065171 ISSN 0920-623X ISBN 90 04 13135 3 © Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands For Anya This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................ ix Introduction ................................................................................ 1 PART ONE CHRISTIAN COMMUNITIES IN ASIA BEFORE 325 C.E. Palestine .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 'Incident at Antioch': Chrysostom on Galatians 2:11-14
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Portal Apostolic authority and the ‘incident at Antioch’: Chrysostom on Galatians 2:11-14 Griffith, Susan B License: Creative Commons: Attribution-NoDerivs (CC BY-ND) Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (Harvard): Griffith, SB 2017, Apostolic authority and the ‘incident at Antioch’: Chrysostom on Galatians 2:11-14. in Studia Patristica: Papers presented at the Seventeenth International Conference on Patristic Studies held in Oxford 2015. vol. 96, Studia Patristica, vol. 96, Peeters, Leuven, Belgium, pp. 117-126, Seventeenth International Conference on Patristic Studies, Oxford, United Kingdom, 10/08/15. Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal Publisher Rights Statement: Open access fees paid by COMPAUL project in 2016. General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain.
    [Show full text]
  • Numismata Graeca; Greek Coin-Types, Classified For
    NUMISMATA GRAECA GREEK COIN-TYPES CLASSIFIED FOR IMMEDIATE IDENTIFICATION PROTAT BROTHERS, PRINTERS, MACON (fRANCb). NUMISMATA GRAEGA GREEK GOIN-TYPES GLASSIFIED FOR IMMEDIATE IDENTIFICATION BY L^" CI flu pl-.M- ALTAR No. ALTAR Metal Xo. Pi.ACi: OBVEnSE Reverse V\t Denom . 1)a Pl.A Ri;it:iii;n(:i; SlZE II Nicaen. AVTKAINETPAIANOC. Large altar ready laid with /E.8 Tra- II un teriaii (]oll Jiilhijni:t. Ileadof Trajan r., laur. wood and havin^' door in 20 jan. p. 247, Xo 8. front; beneath AIOC. Ves- Prusiiis AYTKAilAPIIEBAI EniMAPKOYnAAN. P. I. R. .M. Pontus, etc, pasian, ad IIy])ium. TnOYEinAIIAN KIOYOY APOYAN- 22.5 12 p. 201, No 1. A. D. Billiynia. Headof Altar. nnPOYIIEII- eYHATOY. 200 Vespasian to r., laur. \:i .Aiiiasia. (]ara- 10, \o 31, AYKAIMAYP AAPCeYANTAMACIACM... , , p. Ponliirt. ANTnNINOC-Biislof in ex., eTCH. Altar of 1.2 caila. Caracalla r., laureale two stages. 30 A. n. in Paludamentum and 208 ciiirass. 14 l ariiini. Hust of Pallas r., in hel n A Garlanded altar, yE.5 H. C. R. M. Mysia, p. 1(11, Mijsiu. niet ; borderofdots. 12.5 P I 200 No 74. to Au- gus- tus. 15 Smyrna. TIB€PIOC C€BAC- ZMYPNAICON lonia. TOC- Ilead of Tibe- lePGONYMOC. Altar -ar- .E.65 Tibe- B. M. lonia, p. 268, rius r.,laur. landed. 10 No 263. 16 .\ntioch. BOYAH- Female bust ANTlOXenN- Altar. ^E.7 Babelon,/»^. Wadd., C.nria. r., veiled. 18 p. 116, \o 21.')9. 17 ANTIOXeWN cesAC CYNAPXiA AFAAOY .E.6 Au- ,, ,, No 2165. TOY- Nil^e staiiding. TOY AfAAOY. Altar, 15 gus- tus.
    [Show full text]
  • CILICIA-CAPPADOCIA CAPPADOCIA XLVI 1733; Hagel-Tomaschitz
    504 CILICIA-CAPPADOCIA CAPPADOCIA 505 XLVI 1733; Hagel-Tomaschitz, Repertorium 376/377 no. Sel 147 a and b; cf. SEG LI 1853. i)8a)p (TQte TI^IOI; 90)1;, dX,(A,)' evoxov eivai iepoot)A,{a- P.Grossardt, EA 34 (2002) 170-172, republishes the inscription [for a small correction see 20 q- Kal Ka\<b'kr\c, Kal e^cb^rn; jcpo(p)piCoq dnoXoi • T- R.Merkelbach, EA 35 (2003) 54] and identifies the wrestler T. AvXioq Av>pT|tao<; Mocprav with the IV Ta[|3^a]v dve0T|Ka e Cilician wrestler Maron in Philostratus, Gym. 36. He further suggests identifying him with the pankratiast 'AA/crip in the same author's Her. 14/15, since they both were Cilicians and active at Date: Roman Imperial period, ed.pr.; 50-150 A.D., J., who compares 1C V.I, 1208; P.Herrmann-K.Z.Polatkan, the same time, since there were many statues for both of them, and since their physical appearence Das Testament des Epikrates (Vienna 1969); TAM V.I, 178 and 591; F.Cumont, Catalogue des sculptures et in- and abilities were the same. As to the differences, he proposes to interpret 'AA,Tf]p as a scriptions antiques (monuments lapidaries) des Musees royaux du Cinquantenaire (Brussels 1913) 133 (cf. OMS 'supernomen' of Maron; the different disciplines (pankration and wrestling) could be explained VII 190 note 19), all of about the same period || The name of the deceased must have been inscribed on another by a possible change from the first to the latter during Maron's career.
    [Show full text]
  • THE GEOGRAPHY of GALATIA Gal 1:2; Act 18:23; 1 Cor 16:1
    CHAPTER 38 THE GEOGRAPHY OF GALATIA Gal 1:2; Act 18:23; 1 Cor 16:1 Mark Wilson KEY POINTS • Galatia is both a region and a province in central Asia Minor. • The main cities of north Galatia were settled by the Gauls in the third cen- tury bc. • The main cities of south Galatia were founded by the Greeks starting in the third century bc. • Galatia became a Roman province in 25 bc, and the Romans established colonies in many of its cities. • Pamphylia was part of Galatia in Paul’s day, so Perga and Attalia were cities in south Galatia. GALATIA AS A REGION and their families who migrated from Galatia is located in a basin in north-cen- Thrace in 278 bc. They had been invited tral Asia Minor that is largely flat and by Nicomedes I of Bithynia to serve as treeless. Within it are the headwaters of mercenaries in his army. The Galatians the Sangarius River (mode rn Sakarya) were notorious for their destructive and the middle course of the Halys River forays, and in 241 bc the Pergamenes led (modern Kızılırmak). The capital of the by Attalus I defeated them at the battle Hittite Empire—Hattusha (modern of the Caicus. The statue of the dying Boğazköy)—was in eastern Galatia near Gaul, one of antiquity’s most noted the later site of Tavium. The name Galatia works of art, commemorates that victo- derives from the twenty thousand Gauls ry. 1 The three Galatian tribes settled in 1 . For the motif of dying Gauls, see Brigitte Kahl, Galatians Re-imagined: Reading with the Eyes of the Vanquished (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2010), 77–127.
    [Show full text]
  • Pecunia Omnes Vincit
    Pecunia Omnes Vincit CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC AND EcONOMIC CONFERENCE KRAKOW 12–13 MAY 2017 KRAKÓW 2019 PECUNIA OMNES VINCIT Pecunia Omnes Vincit COIN AS A MEDIUM OF EXCHANGE THROUGHOUT CENTURIES ConfErEnCE ProceedingS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL numiSmatiC and EConomiC CONFERENCE KraKow, 12-13 may 2017 Edited by Barbara Zając, Paulina Koczwara, Szymon Jellonek Krakow 2019 Editors Barbara Zając Paulina Koczwara Szymon Jellonek Scientific mentoring Dr hab. Jarosław Bodzek Reviewers Dr hab. Márton Kálnoki-Gyöngyössy DSc Dr Witold Garbaczewski Dr Kamil Kopij Dr Kirylo Myzgin Dr Michał Kasiński Dr Bartosz Awianowicz Michał Link-Lenczowski MA Proofreading Korekto.pl DTP GroupMedia Project of cover design Adrian Gajda, photo by Nevyan Mitev © Copyright by Adrian Gajda and Editors; photo Nevyan Mitev Funding by Financial support of the Foundation of the Students of the Jagiellonian University „BRATNIAK” and History Department of the Jagiellonian University © Copyright by Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University Krakow 2019 ISBN: 978-83-954337-0-2 Address Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University 11 Gołębia Street 31-007 Krakow Contents Introduction /7 Carlo Lualdi Victory, celebration and memory: Representations of the Third Macedonian War /9 Szymon Jellonek The Colonial Coinage under Claudius /25 Barbara Zając Mysterious Uncertain Bithynian Coins /41 Paulina Koczwara Finds of Celtic coins in the Western part of Cisalpine Gaul /57 Paulina Dąbrowska Iron production in the Wielbark Culture in Pomerania
    [Show full text]
  • 'Temple States' of Pontus: Comana Pontica and Zela A
    ‘TEMPLE STATES’ OF PONTUS: COMANA PONTICA AND ZELA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY EM İNE SÖKMEN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN SETTLEMENT ARCHAEOLOGY APRIL 2005 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Sencer Ayata Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Numan Tuna Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Asist. Prof. Dr .Deniz Burcu Erciyas Supervisor Examining Committee Members (first name belongs to the chairperson of the jury and the second name belongs to supervisor) Prof. Dr. Suna Güven (METU,AH) Asist. Prof. Dr. Deniz Burcu Erciyas (METU, SA) Asist. Prof. Dr. Jan Krzysztof Bertram (METU, SA) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Emine Sökmen Signature : iii ABSTRACT ‘TEMPLE STATES’ OF PONTUS: COMANA PONTICA AND ZELA Sökmen, Emine M.S., Department of Settlement Archaeology Supervisor : Asist. Prof. Dr. Deniz Burcu Erciyas April 2005, 68 pages Before the Roman rule in Asia Minor, under the Hellenistic kings, small communities lived independently within areas surrounding temples with local powers.
    [Show full text]