Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and Their Evolutionary Implications
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LD5655.V855 1924.M377.Pdf
A STUDY OF BACILLUS AROIDEAE 'l'OWNSEND, THE CAUSE OF A SOFT ROT OF TOMATO, AN:) B. CAROTOVORUS JONES. A thesis 811.bmitted as partial requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Botany by A.B.Massey Reprinted from PHYT0PATH0L0GY, Vol. XIV, October, 1924. A STUDY OF BACILLUS AROIDEAE, TOWNSEND, THE CAUSE OF A SOFT ROT OF TOMATO, AND B. CAROTOVORUS JONES A. B. MASSEY! \Vl'l'll Tlll:EE FIGURES IN THE TEXT INTRODUCTION In the summer of 1918, at Blacksburg, Virginia, there developed a con- siderable amount of a soft rot of tomatoes. This occurre<l in experimental plots which were designated to study the control of septoria leaf blight, and the soft rot of the fruit developed into an important factor. I~ describing these experiments Fromme (2) states: "Practically all of the unsoundness of the fruit was caused by bacterial soft rot, a disease which is exceedingly common and often very destructive in tomato fields in Vir- ginia." Isolations from diseased fruits made by S. A. Wingard (15) proved a bacterium to be the causative agent. Its growth in pure culture resembled that of the group of bacteria which causes soft rots of plants but it could not be readily as!ligned to any of the describe<l species of this group. There has been only casual mention of a bacterial soft rot of tomato in literature, and the distinguishing features of the organisms which might be responsible have not been as sharply defined as is desirable. It was decided, therefore, to un<lcrtake comparative studies of the organism in question together with some of the non-chromogenic soft rot forms. -
NEWSLETTER NUMBER 84 JUNE 2006 New Zealand Botanical Society
NEW ZEALAND BOTANICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER NUMBER 84 JUNE 2006 New Zealand Botanical Society President: Anthony Wright Secretary/Treasurer: Ewen Cameron Committee: Bruce Clarkson, Colin Webb, Carol West Address: c/- Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue CHRISTCHURCH 8001 Subscriptions The 2006 ordinary and institutional subscriptions are $25 (reduced to $18 if paid by the due date on the subscription invoice). The 2006 student subscription, available to full-time students, is $9 (reduced to $7 if paid by the due date on the subscription invoice). Back issues of the Newsletter are available at $2.50 each from Number 1 (August 1985) to Number 46 (December 1996), $3.00 each from Number 47 (March 1997) to Number 50 (December 1997), and $3.75 each from Number 51 (March 1998) onwards. Since 1986 the Newsletter has appeared quarterly in March, June, September and December. New subscriptions are always welcome and these, together with back issue orders, should be sent to the Secretary/Treasurer (address above). Subscriptions are due by 28th February each year for that calendar year. Existing subscribers are sent an invoice with the December Newsletter for the next years subscription which offers a reduction if this is paid by the due date. If you are in arrears with your subscription a reminder notice comes attached to each issue of the Newsletter. Deadline for next issue The deadline for the September 2006 issue is 25 August 2006 Please post contributions to: Joy Talbot 17 Ford Road Christchurch 8002 Send email contributions to [email protected] or [email protected]. Files are preferably in MS Word (Word XP or earlier) or saved as RTF or ASCII. -
"National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment. -
Ascarina Lucida Var. Lanceolata
Ascarina lucida var. lanceolata COMMON NAME Kermadec Islands Hutu SYNONYMS Ascarina lanceolata Hook.f. FAMILY Chloranthaceae AUTHORITY Ascarina lucida var. lanceolata (Hook.f.) Allan FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON Yes ENDEMIC GENUS No Hutu. Photographer: Bec Stanley ENDEMIC FAMILY No STRUCTURAL CLASS Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons NVS CODE ASCLVL CHROMOSOME NUMBER 2n = 26 CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS Hutu. Photographer: Bec Stanley 2012 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: IE, OL PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: IE, OL 2004 | Not Threatened BRIEF DESCRIPTION Small bushy tree of upland Kermadec Islands. Leaves narrow and tapering to a narrow tip and with coarse black- tipped teeth on margins. Flowers in clusters of spikes. Fruit small, white. DISTRIBUTION Endemic. Kermadec Islands, Raoul Island only. HABITAT One of the characteristic trees of the wet forests of Raoul Island which are mostly found above 245m. However, in the ravines this tree may extend down to almost sea level. In the wet forest it is mostly a subcanopy tree which co- associates with Coprosma acutifolia, Pseudopanax kermadecensis, Melicytus aff. ramiflorus and on occasion Boehmeria australis subsp. dealbata. Occasionally, such as on the ridge lines and crater rim it may form part of the forest canopy. FEATURES Glabrous gynodioecious tree up to 15 m tall. Trunk up to 500 mm diameter. Bark greyish-white. Branchlets slender, striate, initially pale green maturing dark green to emerald green. Interpetiolar stipules conspicuous, comprising 3 1.2-2.6 mm long pale pink to red, filaments; these connate near base, behind which are 3-6 smaller hyaline filaments. Petioles up to 15-20 mm long, lamina subcoriacous, somewhat fleshy, 50-100 × 10-30 mm, green, emerald green to dark green above, paler beneath, serrations weakly pigmented, pink to pale maroon often fading into pale pink spotting, narrowly lanceolate, lanceolate, lanceolate- oblong to narrowly elliptic, acuminate to acute. -
The Origin and Early Evolution of Vascular Plant Shoots and Leaves Rstb.Royalsocietypublishing.Org C
Downloaded from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on January 22, 2018 The origin and early evolution of vascular plant shoots and leaves rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org C. Jill Harrison 1 and Jennifer L. Morris 2 1School of Biological Sciences, and 2School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK Review CJH, 0000-0002-5228-600X; JLM, 0000-0002-7453-3841 Cite this article: Harrison CJ, Morris JL. 2017 The morphology of plant fossils from the Rhynie chert has generated long- standing questions about vascular plant shoot and leaf evolution, for The origin and early evolution of vascular plant instance, which morphologies were ancestral within land plants, when did shoots and leaves. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 373 : vascular plants first arise and did leaves have multiple evolutionary origins? 20160496. Recent advances combining insights from molecular phylogeny, palaeobotany http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0496 and evo–devo research address these questions and suggest the sequence of morphological innovation during vascular plant shoot and leaf evolution. The evidence pinpoints testable developmental and genetic hypotheses relat- Accepted: 11 August 2017 ing to the origin of branching and indeterminate shoot architectures prior to the evolution of leaves, and demonstrates underestimation of polyphyly in One contribution of 18 to a discussion meeting the evolution of leaves from branching forms in ‘telome theory’ hypotheses issue ‘The Rhynie cherts: our earliest terrestrial of leaf evolution. This review discusses fossil, developmental and genetic ecosystem revisited’. evidence relating to the evolution of vascular plant shoots and leaves in a phylogenetic framework. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The Rhynie cherts: our Subject Areas: earliest terrestrial ecosystem revisited’. -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Wood Anatomy of Ascarina (Chloranthaceae) and the Tracheid-Vessel Element Transition
ALISO 12(4), 1990, pp. 667-684 WOOD ANATOMY OF ASCARINA (CHLORANTHACEAE) AND THE TRACHEID-VESSEL ELEMENT TRANSITION SHERWTN CARLQUIST Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden and Department of Biology, Pomona College Claremont, California 91711 ABSTRACT Quantitative and qualitative features are presented for 13 collections of 8 species of Ascarina. Wood anatomy is maximally primitive in most respects; moderate exception occurs in the imperforate tracheary elements, which range from tracheidlike (A. solmsiana) to fiber-tracheids (septate in two species). Perforation plates are scalariform, average more than 100 bars per plate, and have bordered bars. Even more significantly, portions of the primary walls in perforations characteristically fail to dissolve; these pit membrane portions range from nearly intact (much like the pit membranes in pits on end walls of tracheids of vesselless dicotyledons) to remnant strands or flakes. Dissolution of pit membranes in perforations is apparently inhibited by deposition of resinlike substances in some species; the rugose surfaces formed by these deposits may account for a report of vesturing on vessel walls of Ascarina. Axial parenchyma is diffuse, with only very small expressions of diversification; apotracheal banded parenchyma is, however, present in A. swamyana. Wood of Ascarina is highly mesomorphic. With age of plant, vessels increase in diameter, vessel elements and fiber-tracheids increase in length, and rays become wider and have a higher proportion of procumbent cells; uniseriate rays decrease in abundance. The implications of wood anatomy data on generic distinctions within the family and on the systematic position of Chloranthaceae will be examined when monographs on woods of the other genera have been completed. -
Alphabetical Lists of the Vascular Plant Families with Their Phylogenetic
Colligo 2 (1) : 3-10 BOTANIQUE Alphabetical lists of the vascular plant families with their phylogenetic classification numbers Listes alphabétiques des familles de plantes vasculaires avec leurs numéros de classement phylogénétique FRÉDÉRIC DANET* *Mairie de Lyon, Espaces verts, Jardin botanique, Herbier, 69205 Lyon cedex 01, France - [email protected] Citation : Danet F., 2019. Alphabetical lists of the vascular plant families with their phylogenetic classification numbers. Colligo, 2(1) : 3- 10. https://perma.cc/2WFD-A2A7 KEY-WORDS Angiosperms family arrangement Summary: This paper provides, for herbarium cura- Gymnosperms Classification tors, the alphabetical lists of the recognized families Pteridophytes APG system in pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms Ferns PPG system with their phylogenetic classification numbers. Lycophytes phylogeny Herbarium MOTS-CLÉS Angiospermes rangement des familles Résumé : Cet article produit, pour les conservateurs Gymnospermes Classification d’herbier, les listes alphabétiques des familles recon- Ptéridophytes système APG nues pour les ptéridophytes, les gymnospermes et Fougères système PPG les angiospermes avec leurs numéros de classement Lycophytes phylogénie phylogénétique. Herbier Introduction These alphabetical lists have been established for the systems of A.-L de Jussieu, A.-P. de Can- The organization of herbarium collections con- dolle, Bentham & Hooker, etc. that are still used sists in arranging the specimens logically to in the management of historical herbaria find and reclassify them easily in the appro- whose original classification is voluntarily pre- priate storage units. In the vascular plant col- served. lections, commonly used methods are systema- Recent classification systems based on molecu- tic classification, alphabetical classification, or lar phylogenies have developed, and herbaria combinations of both. -
Introduction to Common Native & Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska
Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska Cover photographs by (top to bottom, left to right): Tara Chestnut/Hannah E. Anderson, Jamie Fenneman, Vanessa Morgan, Dana Visalli, Jamie Fenneman, Lynda K. Moore and Denny Lassuy. Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska This document is based on An Aquatic Plant Identification Manual for Washington’s Freshwater Plants, which was modified with permission from the Washington State Department of Ecology, by the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University for Alaska Department of Fish and Game US Fish & Wildlife Service - Coastal Program US Fish & Wildlife Service - Aquatic Invasive Species Program December 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ............................................................................ x Introduction Overview ............................................................................. xvi How to Use This Manual .................................................... xvi Categories of Special Interest Imperiled, Rare and Uncommon Aquatic Species ..................... xx Indigenous Peoples Use of Aquatic Plants .............................. xxi Invasive Aquatic Plants Impacts ................................................................................. xxi Vectors ................................................................................. xxii Prevention Tips .................................................... xxii Early Detection and Reporting -
Aquatic Vascular Plant Species Distribution Maps
Appendix 11.5.1: Aquatic Vascular Plant Species Distribution Maps These distribution maps are for 116 aquatic vascular macrophyte species (Table 1). Aquatic designation follows habitat descriptions in Haines and Vining (1998), and includes submergent, floating and some emergent species. See Appendix 11.4 for list of species. Also included in Appendix 11.4 is the number of HUC-10 watersheds from which each taxon has been recorded, and the county-level distributions. Data are from nine sources, as compiled in the MABP database (plus a few additional records derived from ancilliary information contained in reports from two fisheries surveys in the Upper St. John basin organized by The Nature Conservancy). With the exception of the University of Maine herbarium records, most locations represent point samples (coordinates were provided in data sources or derived by MABP from site descriptions in data sources). The herbarium data are identified only to township. In the species distribution maps, town-level records are indicated by center-points (centroids). Figure 1 on this page shows as polygons the towns where taxon records are identified only at the town level. Data Sources: MABP ID MABP DataSet Name Provider 7 Rare taxa from MNAP lake plant surveys D. Cameron, MNAP 8 Lake plant surveys D. Cameron, MNAP 35 Acadia National Park plant survey C. Greene et al. 63 Lake plant surveys A. Dieffenbacher-Krall 71 Natural Heritage Database (rare plants) MNAP 91 University of Maine herbarium database C. Campbell 183 Natural Heritage Database (delisted species) MNAP 194 Rapid bioassessment surveys D. Cameron, MNAP 207 Invasive aquatic plant records MDEP Maps are in alphabetical order by species name. -
Leaf Variegation in Caladium Steudneriifolium (Araceae): a Case of Mimicry?
Evol Ecol (2009) 23:503–512 DOI 10.1007/s10682-008-9248-2 ORIGINAL PAPER Leaf variegation in Caladium steudneriifolium (Araceae): a case of mimicry? Ulf Soltau Æ Stefan Do¨tterl Æ Sigrid Liede-Schumann Received: 27 November 2007 / Accepted: 25 February 2008 / Published online: 6 March 2008 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract The leaves of Caladium steudneriifolium (Araceae) of the understorey of a submontane rainforest in the Podocarpus National Park (South East Ecuador, 1,060 m a.s.l.) are plain green or patterned with whitish variegation. Of the 3,413 individual leaves randomly chosen and examined in April 2003, two-thirds were plain green, whereas one third were variegated (i.e., whitish due to absence of chloroplasts). Leaves of both morphs are frequently attacked by mining moth caterpillars. Our BLAST analysis based on Cytochrome-c-Oxidase-subunit-1 sequences suggests that the moth is possibly a member of the Pyraloidea or another microlepidopteran group. It was observed that the variegated leaf zones strongly resemble recent damages caused by mining larvae and therefore may mimic an attack by moth larvae. Infestation was significantly 4–12 times higher for green leaves than for variegated leaves. To test the hypothesis that variegation can be interpreted as mimicry to deter ovipositing moths, we first ruled out the possibility that variegation is a function of canopy density (i.e., that the moths might be attracted or deterred by factors unrelated to the plant). Then plain green leaves were artificially variegated and the number of mining larvae counted after 3 months. -
My Green Wet Thumb: Lagenandra
My Green Wet Thumb: Lagenandra By Derek P.S. Tustin Over the years I have found that the average aquarist will go through several different stages. I am by no means a sociologist specializing in the aquari- um hobbyist, but from my own observations I think pretty much everyone goes through some variation of the following; Initial wide-spread interest and associated errors, A focusing of interest into one or two main areas, Competence in an area of interest, Mastery of an area of interest Expansion of interest into new areas while either maintaining the old interest, or focusing entirely on the new area of interest. As an aquatic horticulturist, there are actually very few entry points, or at least entry species, into the hobby. When I started out, I had access to sev- eral excellent aquarium stores with an impressive diversity of aquatic crea- tures, but a very limited selection of aquatic plants. Now, this was back be- fore I joined the Durham Region Aquarium Society (DRAS), so I didn’t have access to mentors or their specialized stock, and it was also before there were so many excellent on-line resources. Most of my initial experience came from the limited genera of plants that were available in local stores; Echinodorus, Cryptocoryne, Anubias and some Aponogeton. (Oh, there were numerous stem plants, but for some reason, I have never been that interested in those, being much more fascinated by rooted plants, and my interest in ponds and suitable plants came much later.) Over the past decade, I have grown the majority of commonly available plants from those genera, and now also have the benefit of being exposed to other skilled hobbyists and resources offered through DRAS.