DOCSLIB.ORG

Annex D to the Report of the Panel to Be Found in Document WT/DS320/R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Annex D to the Report of the Panel to Be Found in Document WT/DS320/R WORLD TRADE WT/DS320/R/Add.4 31 March 2008 ORGANIZATION (08-0902) Original: English UNITED STATES – CONTINUED SUSPENSION OF OBLIGATIONS IN THE EC – HORMONES DISPUTE Report of the Panel Addendum This addendum contains Annex D to the Report of the Panel to be found in document WT/DS320/R. The other annexes can be found in the following addenda: – Annex A: Add.1 – Annex B: Add.2 – Annex C: Add.3 – Annex E: Add.5 – Annex F: Add.6 – Annex G: Add.7 WT/DS320/R/Add.4 Page D-1 ANNEX D REPLIES OF THE SCIENTIFIC EXPERTS TO QUESTIONS POSED BY THE PANEL A. GENERAL DEFINITIONS 1. Please provide brief and basic definitions for the six hormones at issue (oestradiol-17β, progesterone, testosterone, trenbolone acetate, zeranol, and melengestrol acetate), indicating the source of the definition where applicable. Dr. Boisseau 1. Oestradiol-17β is the most active of the oestrogens hormone produced mainly by the developing follicle of the ovary in adult mammalian females but also by the adrenals and the testis. This 18-carbon steroid hormone is mainly administered as such or as benzoate ester alone (24 or 45 mg for cattle) or in combination (20 mg) with testosterone propionate (200 mg for heifers), progesterone (200 mg for heifers and steers) and trenbolone (200 mg and 40 mg oestradiol-17β for steers) by a subcutaneous implant to the base of the ear to improve body weight and feed conversion in cattle. The ear is discarded at slaughter. 2. Progesterone is a hormone produced primarily by the corpus luteum in the ovary of adult mammalian females. It is administered to cattle, steers, usually at 200 mg in combination with oestradiol-17β or oestradiol benzoate (usually 20 mg) by a subcutaneous implant to the base of the ear to improve body weight and feed conversion in cattle. The ear is discarded at slaughter. 3. Testosterone is a hormone produced primarily in the testes of adult mammalian males. This 19-carbon steroid has potent androgenic properties. It is administered as testosterone propionate (200 mg) in combination with oestradiol-17β or oestradiol benzoate (20mg) by a subcutaneous implant to the base of the ear to improve body weight and feed conversion in cattle. The ear is discarded at slaughter. 4. Melengestrol acetate is an orally active synthetic progestogen about 30 times as active as progesterone. It is used to improve body weight and feed conversion in female beef cattle. It is fed at daily doses of 0.25-0.50 mg per heifer usually 90-150 days prior to slaughter. 5. Trenbolone acetate is a synthetic steroid with anabolic properties several fold above that of testosterone. It is administered alone (300 mg for heifers) or in combination with oestradiol-17β (20 mg for calves and 40 mg for steers), by a subcutaneous implant to the base of the ear to improve body weight, feed conversion and nitrogen retention in cattle. It is administered to cattle 60-90 days or more before the intended date of slaughter. The ear is discarded at slaughter. 6. Zeranol, is a natural mycooestrogen derived from zearalenone produced by different species of fusarium molds. This non-steroidal anabolic agent is administered to cattle either alone (36 mg) or in combination with trenbolone acetate (140 mg) by subcutaneous implant to the base of the ear to improve body weight and feed conversion in cattle. WT/DS320/R/Add.4 Page D-2 Dr. Boobis1 7. Oestradiol-17β is the most potent mammalian oestrogenic hormone. It is produced in the ovary, placenta, testis, and possibly the adrenal cortex (ChemIDPlus Advanced, National Library of Medicine (http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus)) 8. Oestradiol-17β is the most potent form of mammalian oestrogenic steroids. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries and the placenta. It is also produced by the adipose tissue of men and postmenopausal women (PubChem, National Library of Medicine (http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) 9. Progesterone is the principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle (ChemIDPlus Advanced). 10. Progesterone is the major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the corpus luteum and the placenta. Progesterone acts on the uterus, the mammary glands and the brain. It is required in embryo implantation, pregnancy maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for milk production. Progesterone, converted from pregnenolone, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of gonadal steroid hormones and adrenal corticosteroids (PubChem). 11. Testosterone is a potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the Leydig cells of the testis. Its production is stimulated by luteinizing hormone from the pituitary. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to dihydrotestosterone or oestradiol (PubChem). 12. Trenbolone acetate is a synthetic steroid that has been used as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice. (Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference (2006), Pharmaceutical Press, London). 13. Zeranol is a naturally occurring metabolite of the mycotoxin zearlenone which is produced by a number of Fusarium fungal species. The commercial formulation contains specifically the α- isomer. Zeranol is a non-steroidal anabolic agent. (JECFA (1988a). Toxicological Evaluation of Certain Veterinary Drug Residues in Food: WHO Food Additives Series 23, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland). 14. Zeranol is a nonsteroidal oestrogen that has been used for the management of menopausal and menstrual disorders. It has also been used as a growth promoter in veterinary practice (Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference). 15. Melengestrol acetate (MGA) is an orally active 6-methyl progesterone acetate with reported glucocorticoid activity and effect on estrus (PubChem). 16. Melengestrol acetate is a progestogen that is used as an animal feed in beef heifers to improve feed efficiency, increase the rate of body-weight gain, and suppress oestrus (Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference). Dr. Guttenplan 17. Oestradiol-17β: an estrogenic sex hormone, which in the female, functions in the ovarian cycle and maintains uterine health. In males it inhibits the synthesis of testosterone. A member of a 1 A full list of references cited in responses from Dr. Boobis can be found in Attachment 1. WT/DS320/R/Add.4 Page D-3 class of compounds called steroids (which, chemically, have three 6-membered rings and one 5- membered ring). 18. Progesterone: a steroidal anti-estrogen; used as a contraceptive and to correct abnormalities in the menstrual cycle. 19. Testosterone: a steroidal androgenic sex hormone, which in the male leads the production of sperm components. It is also important in promoting the development of secondary sex characteristics. 20. Trenbolone acetate: a synthetic anabolic (growth-stimulating) hormone, often used in cattle. 21. Zeranol: a synthetic nonsteroidal growth promoter often used in cattle. 22. Melengestrol acetate: a synthetic steroidal growth promoter often used in cattle. Also used for estrus synchronization in cattle. (Opinion of SCVPH, 1999 (US Exhibit 4 part 1)) 2. Please provide definitions for the following terms as they relate to the hormones at issue, indicating the source of the definition where applicable: anabolic agents, steroids, steroidal oestrogens, parent compounds/metabolites, catechol metabolites, mitogenicity, mutagenicity, androgenic/oestrogenic activity, genotoxicity, genotoxic potential, carcinogenicity, and tumorigenicity. In your replies, please be sure to identify and describe any relevant differences between the terms. Dr. Boobis Anabolic agent 23. The building up in the body of complex chemical compounds from smaller simpler compounds (e.g., proteins from amino acids), usually with the use of energy. Cf.: catabolism, metabolism. Stedman's Medical Dictionary (2000), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA 24. Testosterone, or a steroid hormone resembling testosterone, which stimulates the growth or manufacturing of body tissues. Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary - 20th Ed (2005), F. A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA 25. Anabolism: The processes of metabolism that result in the synthesis of cellular components from precursors of low molecular weight. IUPAC(1997). Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd Edition (http://www.iupac.org/publications/books/author/mcnaught.html) Steroids 26. A large family of chemical substances, comprising many hormones, body constituents, and drugs, each containing the tetracyclic cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene skeleton Stedman's Medical Dictionary. Steroidal oestrogens 27. (Steroidal) compounds that produce the behaviour estrus ("the portion or phase of the sexual cycle of female animals characterized by willingness to accept the male"). Hughes, C (1996). Are the WT/DS320/R/Add.4 Page D-4 differences between estradiol and other estrogens merely semantical? (Letter to the Editor). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:2405. 28. A more biochemical definition might be: compounds with a steroid structure that possess endocrine effects qualitatively similar to those of oestradiol-17β and that act through oestrogen receptors. Parent compounds/metabolites 29. When related to exogenous compounds, the parent is the compound to which an individual is exposed. The relationship between parent compound and metabolite
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Method for the Detection of Zeranol and SOP : ARO/442 Taleranol In
    TITLE: Method for the detection of zeranol and S.O.P. : ARO/442 taleranol in meat and liver Page : 1 of 9 . Revision : 0 Date : 990715 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Summary This SOP describes a screening and confirmation method for the determination of resorcyclic acid lactones (RAL’s) in meat and liver samples of bovine origin. A procedure is described for the detection of a-zearalanol (zeranol) and b-zearalanol (taleranol) by a combination of solid phase extraction (SPE) and GC-MS. The method consist of, digestion of the meat sample using the enzyme protease and hydrolysis of the liver sample using suc d’Helix Pomatia, extraction of the RAL’s with tert-butylmethylether (TBME), purification using reversed-phase C18 cartridges. This method can also be used for the metabolites a-zearalenol, b-zearalenol, zearalanone and zearalenone. When doing so validation for these compounds is necessary. 1.2 Field of application The method is used to perform routine screening in meat and liver samples and has proven to be suitable for the analysis of a-zearalanol and b-zearalanol. The limit of detection is 0.5 mg/g based on the detection of the most abundant diagnostic ions namely m/z 433 and m/z 437 for the internal standard, with a response at the correct retention time exceeding the signal to noise ratio of 3. The method is validated according to SOP ARO/425 (1.3.3). 1.3 References 1.3.1. H.J. van Rossum et al, Multi residue analysis anabolic agents, SOP ARO/113, revision 4, 21 January 1997, RIVM.
    [Show full text]
  • Étude in Vivo / in Vitro De L'effet De La Zéaralénone Sur L'expression De
    Étude in vivo / in vitro de l’effet de la zéaralénone sur l’expression de transporteurs ABC majeurs lors d’une exposition gestationnelle ou néonatale Farah Koraichi To cite this version: Farah Koraichi. Étude in vivo / in vitro de l’effet de la zéaralénone sur l’expression de transporteurs ABC majeurs lors d’une exposition gestationnelle ou néonatale. Toxicologie. Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. Français. NNT : 2012LYO10314. tel-01071280 HAL Id: tel-01071280 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071280 Submitted on 3 Oct 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N° d’ordre 314-2012 Année 2012 THESE DE L’UNIVERSITE DE LYON Délivrée par L’UNIVERSITE CLAUDE BERNARD LYON 1 ECOLE DOCTORALE INTERDISCIPLINAIRE SCIENCES-SANTE (EDISS) DIPLOME DE DOCTORAT (arrêté du 7 août 2006) soutenue publiquement le 20 décembre 2012 par Mlle Farah KORAÏCHI TITRE : ETUDE IN VIVO/IN VITRO DE L’EFFET DE LA ZEARALENONE SUR l’EXPRESSION DE TRANSPORTEURS ABC MAJEURS LORS D’UNE EXPOSITION GESTATIONNELLE OU NEONATALE Directeur de thèse: Sylvaine LECOEUR Co-directeur
    [Show full text]
  • (12) STANDARD PATENT (11) Application No. AU 2015336929 B2 (19) AUSTRALIAN PATENT OFFICE
    (12) STANDARD PATENT (11) Application No. AU 2015336929 B2 (19) AUSTRALIAN PATENT OFFICE (54) Title Methods of reducing mammographic breast density and/or breast cancer risk (51) International Patent Classification(s) A61K 31/568 (2006.01) A61K 31/585 (2006.01) A61K 31/4196 (2006.01) A61P 35/00 (2006.01) A61K 31/5685 (2006.01) A61P 43/00 (2006.01) (21) Application No: 2015336929 (22) Date of Filing: 2015.10.22 (87) WIPO No: W016/061615 (30) Priority Data (31) Number (32) Date (33) Country 62/067,297 2014.10.22 US (43) Publication Date: 2016.04.28 (44) Accepted Journal Date: 2021.03.18 (71) Applicant(s) Havah Therapeutics Pty Ltd (72) Inventor(s) Birrell, Stephen Nigel (74) Agent / Attorney Adams Pluck, Suite 4, Level 3 20 George Street, Hornsby, NSW, 2077, AU (56) Related Art WO 2002/009721 Al MOUSA, N.A. et al. "Aromatase inhibitors and mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women receiving hormone therapy" Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society (2008) Vol.15 No.5, pages 875 to 884 WO 2009/036566 Al SMITH, J. et al. "A Pilot Study of Letrozole for One Year in Women at Enhanced Risk of Developing Breast Cancer: Effects on Mammographic Density" Anticancer Research (2012) Vol.32 No.4, pages 1327 to 1332 OUIMET-OLIVA, D. et al. Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal (1981) Vol.32 No.3, pages 159 to 161 (see online PubMed Abstract PMID: 7298699) (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International
    [Show full text]
  • ACE Food Beverage Applications Guide
    Food and Beverage Applications Guide Ultra-Inert Base Deactivated UHPLC / HPLC Columns Contents Application Index 1 Analyte Index 2 - 4 Application Notes 5 - 90 Send us your application and receive a free ACE column Send us your application on an ACE column and help extend our applications database. Your proven method will enable your chromatography colleagues to benefit and if we select your application for publication we’ll send you a FREE ACE analytical column of your choice. To submit your application e-mail us at: [email protected] ACE ® Food and Beverage Applications: Application Index Application Pages Application Pages Additives and intense sweeteners 5 Organic acids 2 47 Argicultural pesticides 6 Organic acids 3 48 Amino acids in peas 7 Organic acids 4 49 Amino acids and biogenic amines in wine and beer 8 Organophosphorus flame retardants in water by LC-MS/MS 50 Aminoglycosides in eggs 9 Organophosphorus isomer flame retardants in water 51 Annatto 10 Paraben preservatives 52 Anthocyanins from sambucus nigra (elderberry) 11 Perfluoro acids by LC-MS/MS 53 Appetite suppressants by LC-MS 12 Perfluoroalkyl substances by ion pairing LC-MS/MS 54 Arsenolipids from edible seaweed 13 Perfluorinated compounds in water by LC-MS/MS 55 Artificial colours (water soluble) 14 Pesticides (250 analytes) by LC-MS/MS 56 Artificial food colouring 15 Pesticides (47 analytes) by LC-MS/MS 60 Artificial sweeteners global method 16 Pesticides in water 61 Artificial sweeteners (stevia glycosides) 17 Phenolic compounds in ground water and landfill leachates
    [Show full text]
  • Compound CAS
    https://www.fermentek.com inhoud: Compound CAS# 100ìg 15 Acetoxyscirpenol 2623-22-5 1 mg 15-Acetyl-DON 88337-96-6 5mg 17-AAG 75747-14-7 10mg 17-DMAG 467214-20-6 25mg 3-Acetyl-DON 50722-38-8 50mg 7-Amino-Actinomycin D 7240-37-1 100mg A23187 Ca-Mg 52665-69-7 250mg A23187, 4-Bromo 76455-48-6 500mg A23187, free acid 52665-69-7 1gr Actinomycin D (≥ 97%) 50-76-0 5gr Actinomycin D (≥ 99%) 50-76-0 Aflatoxicol 29611-03-8 Aflatoxin B1 1162-65-8 Aflatoxin B2 7220-81-7 Aflatoxin G1 1165-39-5 Aflatoxin G2 7241-98-7 Aflatoxin M1 6795-23-9 Aflatoxin M2 6885-57-0 Alamethicin 27061-78-5 Alpha Zearalanol 26538-44-3 Alpha Zearalenol 36455-72-8 Altenuene 889101-41-1 Alternariol 641-38-3 Alternariol monomethyl Ether 26894-49-5 Altertoxin l 56258-32-3 Anisomycin 22862-76-6 Ansamitocin P3 66584-72-3 Antimycin A 1397-94-0 Aphidicolin 38966-21-1 Apicidin 183506-66-3 Ascomycin 11011-38-4 Aureothricin 574-95-8 Bafilomycin A1 88899-55-2 Bafilomycin B1 88899-56-3 Beauvericin 26048-05-5 Beta Zearalanol 42422-68-4 Beta Zearalenol 71030-11-0 Blasticidin S.HCl 9-3-3513 Borrelidin 7184-60-3 Brefeldin A 20350-15-6 Castanospermine 79831-76-8 Celastrol (tripterine) 34157-83-0 Cercosporin 35082-49-6 Cerulenin 17397-89-6 Chaetocin 28097-03-2 Chaetoglobosin A 50335-03-0 Chelerythrine Cl 3895-92-9 Chromomycin A3 7059-24-7 Citreoviridin 25425-12-1 Citrinin 518-75-2 Concanamycin A 80890-47-7 Cordycepin 73-03-3 Curvularin 10140-70-2 Cyclopamine 4449-51-8 Cyclopiazonic Acid 18172-33-3 Cytochalasin E 36011-19-5 Cytochalasin A 14110-64-6 Cytochalasin B 14930-96-2 Cytochalasin C 22144-76-9
    [Show full text]
  • Case: Management Issues
    Volume 9, Issue 1 (January 2013) This clinical e-newsletter from The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) presents questions and cases commonly seen in a menopause specialist’s practice. Recognized experts in the field provide their opinions and practical advice. Wen Shen, MD, MPH, the Editor of Menopause e-Consult, encourages your suggestions for future topics. Note that the opinions expressed in the commentaries are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by NAMS or Dr. Shen. Case: products were used by women in 2003.2 A patient requests your advice about Presumably, this approach to the aging US testosterone from a compounding pharmacy to female population and the increasing 3 supplement her hormone therapy. How should prevalence of low sexual desire with age you advise her? Are there any guidelines for augments demand for testosterone products for 4,5 dosing testosterone ordered from these women. As demonstrated in these reviews, pharmacies? evidence documents that testosterone treatment (local/clitoral, vaginal, and systemic) increases Management issues by: sexual desire and genital sensitivity, and might improve the intensity of orgasm. Prospective, James A. Simon, MD, CCD, randomized, clinical trials of a testosterone NCMP, FACOG patch developed specifically for women Clinical Professor, Department demonstrated a statistically significant increase of Ob/Gyn George Washington University in the number of satisfying sexual events and School of Medicine improved desire, arousal, orgasm, pleasure, Women’s Health & Research ® responsiveness, and self-image—while Consultants Washington, DC decreasing sexual concerns and distress. These findings were consistent in surgically and naturally menopausal women already on The controversy over compounding rages on.
    [Show full text]
  • 03-Speranda.Vp:Corelventura
    Acta Veterinaria (Beograd), Vol. 56, No. 2-3, 121-136, 2006. DOI: 10.2298/AVB0603121S UDK 619:636.4.087.7 HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WEANED PIGLETS FED ON FODDER MIXTURE CONTAMINATED BY ZEARALENONE WITH ADDITION OF CLINOPTILOLITE [PERANDA MARCELA*, LIKER B**, [PERANDA T*, [ERI] V***, ANTUNOVI] Z*, GRABAREVI] @****, SEN^I] \*, GRGURI] D***** and STEINER Z* *Faculty of Agriculture, Osijek, Croatia; **Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia; ***Clinical Hospital Osijek, Croatia; ****Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; *****Centar for Livestock Improvement, Osijek (Received 20. October 2005) The effect of zeolite clinoptilolite (CLIN) on some metabolic parameters in blood serum and haematological values in weaned piglets fed with increased levels of zearalenone (ZEN) was investigated over a 14-day period. The research involved four groups of weaned piglets aged 40 to 54 days. All groups were fed on fodder mixture for growing pigs containing 20% crude protein and 12.57 MJ ME/kg. The first control group (C1) received a concentrate mixture without added ZEN or mycotoxin adsorbent Min-a-Zel Plus®. The second control group (C2) was fed on fodder mixture containing 0.2% of modified clinoptilolite (Min-a-Zel Plus®; levels of zearalenone <5.1 ng/g). Piglets in the experimental group (E1) were fed on fodder mixture containing added zeralenone (3 mg/kg) (Sigma-Aldrich Co) and 0.2% of Min-a-Zel Plus® preparation. The second experimental group (E2) was fed on fodder mixture to which 3 mg/kg of zearalenone was added, but with no addition of Min-a-Zel Plus®. Oestrogenic effect of ZEN was evident in the sinergistic action with insulin which was manifested in an increased total protein level, lower level of glucose, triacylglycerols, serum iron, a higer level of cholesterol and higher aminotransaminase activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety and Efficacy of Testosterone for Women: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trial Data
    Articles Safety and efficacy of testosterone for women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trial data Rakibul M Islam, Robin J Bell, Sally Green, Matthew J Page, Susan R Davis Summary Background The benefits and risks of testosterone treatment for women with diminished sexual wellbeing remain Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019 controversial. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess potential benefits and risks of testosterone for Published Online women. July 25, 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S2213-8587(19)30189-5 Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science for See Online/Comment blinded, randomised controlled trials of testosterone treatment of at least 12 weeks’ duration completed between http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ Jan 1, 1990, and Dec 10, 2018. We also searched drug registration applications to the European Medicine Agency and S2213-8587(19)30251-7 the US Food and Drug Administration to identify any unpublished data. Primary outcomes were the effects of Women’s Health Research testosterone on sexual function, cardiometabolic variables, cognitive measures, and musculoskeletal health. This Program (R M Islam PhD, study is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), number Prof R J Bell MBBS, Prof S R Davis MBBS), School CRD42018104073. of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Findings Our search strategy retrieved 46 reports of 36 randomised controlled trials comprising
    [Show full text]
  • Table 1B 2005 Community Prescription Numbers, Together with Government
    TABLE 1B 2005 COMMUNITY PRESCRIPTION NUMBERS, TOGETHER WITH GOVERNMENT AND PATIENT COSTS FOR PBS-LISTED DRUGS Table 1B includes an estimate of community (non-public hospital) prescription numbers for the 2005 calendar year, costs (government and patient contribution) for the items with a four digit PBS/RPBS code, together with the defined daily dose (DDD) where assigned. There is no cost information available for items with a five digit Amfac drug code. Table 1 exclude the presentation of information on any item with an estimated community use of less than 110 prescriptions in 2005. The prescription items are arranged by ATC code on generic name, and by form and strength using either the PBS drug code (4 digit) or, for non-PBS items, the Amfac drug code (5 digit). Consult the index (page 255) by generic drug name to obtain the appropriate ATC code. An index by 2nd level of the ATC classification follows: ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM PAGE NO A01 STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 181 A02 DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS 182 A03 DRUGS FOR FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 185 A04 ANTIEMETICS AND ANTINAUSEANTS 187 A05 BILE AND LIVER THERAPY 188 A06 LAXATIVES 189 A07 ANTIDIARRHOEALS, INTESTINAL 191 ANTIINFLAMMATORY/ANTIINFECTIVE AGENTS A08 ANTIOBESITY PREPARATIONS, EXCLUDING DIET PRODUCTS 193 A09 DIGESTIVES, INCLUDING ENZYMES 194 A10 DRUGS USED IN DIABETES 195 A11 VITAMINS 197 A12 MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS 199 A14 ANABOLIC AGENTS FOR SYSTEMIC USE 200 177 BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS B01 ANTITHROMBOTIC AGENTS 201 B02 ANTIHAEMORRHAGICS 203 B03
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmaceutical Appendix to the Tariff Schedule 2
    Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2007) (Rev. 2) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2007) (Rev. 2) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names (INN) which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. ABACAVIR 136470-78-5 ACIDUM LIDADRONICUM 63132-38-7 ABAFUNGIN 129639-79-8 ACIDUM SALCAPROZICUM 183990-46-7 ABAMECTIN 65195-55-3 ACIDUM SALCLOBUZICUM 387825-03-8 ABANOQUIL 90402-40-7 ACIFRAN 72420-38-3 ABAPERIDONUM 183849-43-6 ACIPIMOX 51037-30-0 ABARELIX 183552-38-7 ACITAZANOLAST 114607-46-4 ABATACEPTUM 332348-12-6 ACITEMATE 101197-99-3 ABCIXIMAB 143653-53-6 ACITRETIN 55079-83-9 ABECARNIL 111841-85-1 ACIVICIN 42228-92-2 ABETIMUSUM 167362-48-3 ACLANTATE 39633-62-0 ABIRATERONE 154229-19-3 ACLARUBICIN 57576-44-0 ABITESARTAN 137882-98-5 ACLATONIUM NAPADISILATE 55077-30-0 ABLUKAST 96566-25-5 ACODAZOLE 79152-85-5 ABRINEURINUM 178535-93-8 ACOLBIFENUM 182167-02-8 ABUNIDAZOLE 91017-58-2 ACONIAZIDE 13410-86-1 ACADESINE 2627-69-2 ACOTIAMIDUM 185106-16-5 ACAMPROSATE 77337-76-9
    [Show full text]
  • TGA Review of Hgps
    A REVIEW TO UPDATE AUSTRALIA’S POSITION ON THE HUMAN SAFETY OF RESIDUES OF HORMONE GROWTH PROMOTANTS (HGPs) USED IN CATTLE Prepared by Chemical Review and International Harmonisation Section Office of Chemical Safety Therapeutic Goods Administration of the Department of Health and Ageing Canberra July 2003 A draft of this report was tabled at the 25th Meeting of the Advisory Committee on Pesticides and Health (ACPH), held in Canberra on the 1st May 2003. The report was subsequently endorsed out-of-session by the ACPH. Hormone Growth Promotants TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................................................4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................................7 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................................................9 HEALTH CONCERNS ASSOCIATED WITH HGP S................................................................................................................9 DIFFICULTIES ASSOCIAT ED WITH ASSESSING THE SAFETY OF HGPS.........................................................................10 RISK ASSESSMENTS OF HGP S .........................................................................................................................................10 PURPOSE OF THE CURRENT
    [Show full text]
  • Hormone Therapy with Pellet Implants
    DATA: Hormone Therapy with Pellet Implants Hormone replacement therapy by pellet implantations has been used with great success in the United States, Europe and Australia since 1938 and found to be superior to other methods of hormone delivery (Greenblatt 49, Mishnell 41, Cantril 84, Stancyzyk 88). It is not experimental. Pellets deliver consistent, physiologic levels of hormones and avoid the fluctuations of hormone levels seen with other methods of delivery (Greenblatt 49, Thom81, Cantril 84, Stancyzyk 88). Hormones delivered by the subcutaneous implants by pass the liver, do not affect the clotting factors and do not increase the risk of thrombosis (Notelovitz 87, Seed 00). Bioidentical testosterone delivered subcutaneously by pellet implant is cardiac protective, unlike oral, synthetic testosterone (Sands 97, Worboys 00). Testosterone delivered by pellet implantation, does not adversely affect blood pressure, lipid levels, glucose or liver functions (Burger 84, Farish 84, Fletcher 86, Barlow 86, Notelovitz 84, Stanczyk 88, Davis 95, 00, Handelsman 96, Sands 97, Seed 00, Cravioto 01). In addition, testosterone is a vasodilator (Perusquia 10). Pellets are superior to oral and topical hormone therapy with respect to relief of menopausal symptoms (Staland 78, Cardoza 84). Testosterone implants have consistently been shown to improve insomnia, sex drive, libido, hot flashes, palpitations, headaches, irritability, depression, aches, pains, and vaginal dryness (Glaser 11, Statland 78, Thom 81, Brincat 84, Davis 95,00 Cravioto 01). Hormone replacement therapy with estradiol and testosterone implants is superior to oral and topical (both the patch and gel) hormone replacement therapy for bone density (Savvas 88,92, Davis 95, Anderson 97). The consistent, adequate levels of testosterone delivered by pellet implant are important in maintaining bone mineral density (Aminoroaya 05) while also being available as a substrate for the production of estradiol (Simpson 02, 03).
    [Show full text]