DOCSLIB.ORG

Promoting Gender Equality in India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Promoting Gender Equality in India August 2015 PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY IN INDIA Three Approaches to Scale-up This publication was prepared by Sara Pappa, Arundati Muralidharan, Radhika Dayal, and Madhumita Das. HEALTH POLICY PROJECT Suggested citation: Pappa, S., A. Muralidharan, R. Dayal, and M. Das. 2015. Prom oting Gender Equality in India: Three Approaches to Scale-up. W ashington, DC: Futures Group: Health Policy Project. ISBN: 978-1-59560-111-7 The Health Policy Project is a five-year cooperative agreement funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development under Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-00067, beginning September 30, 2010. It is implemented by Futures Group, in collaboration with Plan International USA, Av enir Health (formerly Futures Institute), Partners in Population and Development, Africa Regional Office (PPD ARO), Population Reference Bureau (PRB), RTI International, and the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood (WRA). Promoting Gender Equality in India Three Approaches to Scale-up AUGUST 2015 This publication was prepared by Sara Pappa, 1 Arundati Muralidharan, 2 Radhika Dayal, 2 and Madhumita Das.3 1 Health Policy Project, Futures Group, 2 Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), 3 International Center for Research on W omen (ICRW ) The information prov ided in this document is not official U.S. Gov ernment information and does not necessarily represent the v iews or positions of the U.S. Agency for International Dev elopment. CONTENTS Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................... iv Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ v Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Background ....................................................................................................................................1 Context...........................................................................................................................................1 Rationa le ........................................................................................................................................3 Aim................................................................................................................................................3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 5 Findings: Gender Equity Movement In Schools (GEMS) .......................................................... 6 Background ....................................................................................................................................6 Key Intervention Components..........................................................................................................6 Scale-up Process .............................................................................................................................6 Outcomes of Scale-up......................................................................................................................8 Findings: PRACHAR ....................................................................................................................... 9 Background ....................................................................................................................................9 Key Intervention Components and Results ........................................................................................9 Scale-up Process ........................................................................................................................... 10 Outcomes of Scale-up.................................................................................................................... 12 Findings: Avahan ........................................................................................................................ 13 Background .................................................................................................................................. 13 Key Intervention Components........................................................................................................ 13 Scale-up Process ........................................................................................................................... 14 Outcomes of Scale-up.................................................................................................................... 16 Comparative Analysis................................................................................................................ 17 Scalability .................................................................................................................................... 17 Partnerships and Resource Mobilization ......................................................................................... 18 Adaptation and Expansion ............................................................................................................. 20 Institutionalization ........................................................................................................................ 21 Monitoring and Evaluation ............................................................................................................ 22 Sustainability ................................................................................................................................ 23 Conclusion................................................................................................................................... 24 References................................................................................................................................... 25 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report has been undertaken with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in India and Washington, DC. We would like to acknowledge and thank the following people for their contributions to this report, as well as their thoughtful comments and suggestions to further strengthen the analysis: Elisabeth Rottach and Nancy Yinger (Health Policy Project), Jessica Fehringer and Mahua Mandal (MEASURE Evaluation), and Ravi Verma (International Center for Research on Women). We value the input of key informants who participated in this report and are grateful for the suggestions, support, and encouragement provided by our colleagues at the Health Policy Project, Public Health Foundation of India, the International Center for Research on Women (ICRW), and MEASURE Evaluation. The authors also thank Lory Frenkel, Niki Wood, and Brent Franklin for editing and formatting the document. iv ABBREVIATIONS ASHA Accredited Social Health Activist BMGF Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation CBO community-based organization CERT Council of Education, Research and Training CORO Committee of Resource Organizations for Literacy DoHFW Department of Health and Family Welfare FP family planning FP/MNCH family planning and maternal, neonatal, and child health FSW female sex worker GBV gender-based violence GEMS Gender Equity Movement in Schools GOB Government of Bihar GOH Government of Haryana GOI Government of India GPM Gender, Policy and Measurement Program HPP Health Policy Project ICRW International Center for Research on Women IDU injecting drug user IEC information, education, communication IRB Institutional Review Board KII key informant interview LMIC low- and middle-income country MDG Millennium Development Goal MNCH maternal, neonatal and child health MOWCD Ministry of Women and Child Development MPSP Maharashtra Prathamik Shikshan Parishad MSI Management Systems International MSM men who have sex with men NACO National AIDS Control Organization NACP National AIDS Control Program NGO nongovernmental organization NRHM National Rural Health Mission PHFI Public Health Foundation of India RMNCH+A reproductive, maternal, neonatal, child and adolescent health SBCC social and behavior change communication SDG Sustainable Development Goal SRH sexual and reproductive health STI sexually transmitted infection TI Targeted Intervention TISS Tata Institute for Social Sciences TSU Technical Support Unit UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development WHO World Health Organisation v INTRODUCTION Background The Gender, Policy and Measurement (GPM) program, funded by the Asia bureau of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), is collaborating with USAID and other partners in the Asia region to strengthen programs for scale-up in Family Planning and Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health (FP/MNCH). GPM works to address gender inequality and implement supportive policies and systems that augment the sustainability and foster the scale-up of effective programs. As a part of this effort, the GPM program, under the USAID-funded Health Policy Project (HPP), along with partner institutions in India—the International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) and the Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI) —sought to examine how successful gender-integrated health programs (identified through a systematic review of gender-integrated health programs in low- and middle-income countries [LMICs])1 have been scaled up, with a focus on programs that were scaled up through government structures in India.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Politics of Coalition in India
    Journal of Power, Politics & Governance March 2014, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 01–11 ISSN: 2372-4919 (Print), 2372-4927 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). 2014. All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development Politics of Coalition in India Farooq Ahmad Malik1 and Bilal Ahmad Malik2 Abstract The paper wants to highlight the evolution of coalition governments in india. The evaluation of coalition politics and an analysis of how far coalition remains dynamic yet stable. How difficult it is to make policy decisions when coalition of ideologies forms the government. More often coalitions are formed to prevent a common enemy from the government and capturing the power. Equally interesting is the fact a coalition devoid of ideological mornings survives till the enemy is humbled. While making political adjustments, principles may have to be set aside and in this process ideology becomes the first victim. Once the euphoria victory is over, differences come to the surface and the structure collapses like a pack of cards. On the grounds of research, facts and history one has to acknowledge india lives in politics of coalition. Keywords: india, government, coalition, withdrawal, ideology, partner, alliance, politics, union Introduction Coalition is a phenomenon of a multi-party government where a number of minority parties join hands for the purpose of running the government which is otherwise not possible. A coalition is formed when many groups come into common terms with each other and define a common programme or agenda on which they work. A coalition government always remains in pulls and pressures particularly in a multinational country like india.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Indian Politics
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive Introduction to Indian Politics Borooah, Vani University of Ulster December 2015 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/76597/ MPRA Paper No. 76597, posted 05 Feb 2017 07:28 UTC Chapter 1 Introduction to Indian Politics In his celebrated speech, delivered to India’s Constituent Assembly on the eve of the 15th August 1947, to herald India’s independence from British rule, Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, famously asked if the newly independent nation was “brave enough and wise enough to grasp this opportunity and accept the challenge of the future”. If one conceives of India, as many Indians would, in terms of a trinity of attributes – democratic in government, secular in outlook, and united by geography and a sense of nationhood – then, in terms of the first of these, it would appear to have succeeded handsomely. Since, the Parliamentary General Election of 1951, which elected the first cohort of members to its lower house of Parliament (the Lok Sabha), India has proceeded to elect, in unbroken sequence, another 15 such cohorts so that the most recent Lok Sabha elections of 2014 gave to the country a government drawn from members to the 16th Lok Sabha. Given the fractured and fraught experiences with democracy of India’s immediate neighbours (Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar) and of a substantial number of countries which gained independence from colonial rule, it is indeed remarkable that independent India has known no other form of governmental authority save through elections. Elections (which represent ‘formal democracy’), are a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for ‘substantive democracy’.
    [Show full text]
  • Hindu Nationalism in the United States: a Report on Nonprofit Groups
    Hindu Nationalism in the United States: A Report on Nonprofit Groups July 2014 J. M. [email protected] This report compiles publicly available tax records, newspaper articles, and other materials on non-profit groups in the United States affiliated with the Sangh Parivar (family of Hindu nationalist groups) from 2001-2014, documenting a segment of the projects and priorities of U.S.-based Hindu nationalism. Released via sacw.net Table of Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 3 Figure 1. Four Areas of Hindu Nationalist Activities in the U.S. Indian Diaspora ................... 5 The Sangh Parivar in the United States .............................................................................................. 6 Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 8 The Sangh’s Youth and Family Programs ....................................................................................... 10 Figure 2. U.S. Cities with HSS Shakhas/Balagokulams, 2014 ................................................ 12 Table 1. VHP-America Chapters, 2014 ................................................................................... 13 Table 2. Attendance and Monies Allocated toward HSS Shakhas and VHPA Bal Vihars, 2002-2012 ............................................................................. 14 Charities: Funding Sangh Projects ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Indian Media and Authoritarian Politics
    [Special Issue: The Future of Democracy in India] The Indian Media and Authoritarian Politics PHILIPOSE Pamela I. The Indian media and authoritarian politics The 16th general election of 2014 in India brought to power the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), a Hindu majoritarian party, under the leadership of Narendra Modi. Hindutva, the core ideology of the BJP, was propounded by V. D. Savarkar, who in 1923 formulated the idea of the true Indian being “someone who looked upon this land of his forefathers as his holy land; someone who inherited the blood of the race of the SaptaSindhus; and one who expressed a common affinity to the classical language, Sanskrit...” (Sampath, 2019: 416–417). In other words, it propounds that those who are not Hindus cannot be wholly Indian. Today, Hindutva has come to permeate Indian politics through the innumerable networks associated with the ruling party, the BJP, and linked to its flagship organization, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. Simultaneous with the growth of Hindutva has been the retreat of the values once considered fundamental to Indian democracy and which figure in the preamble to its constitution, including those of secularism and fraternity. The general election of 2019 saw the BJP return with a win even more emphatic than the one it achieved in the last general election of 2014, flagging the electoral supremacy of Narendra Modi and his brand of authoritarian populism. Across the world, political leaders from Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of Turkey to Brazil’s Jair Bolsanaro have used impressive election victories as pathways to authoritarian rule. They have demonstrated an ability to sway large numbers of supporters by speaking to their insecurities and stoking their deepest desires through a process of mediatized cult building.
    [Show full text]
  • ROLE of SOCIAL MEDIA and YOUNG VOTERS Role of Social
    NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY (NLU), DELHI IN COLLABORATION WITH INDIA INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR DEMOCRACY AND ELECTION MANAGEMENT (IIIDEM), DELHI PROPOSAL FOR ONE DAY SEMINAR ON ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND YOUNG VOTERS National Law University(NLU), Dwarka, Delhi and India International Institute of Democracy and Election Management (IIIDEM), Dwarka, Delhi are jointly organising a one day Seminar on “Role of Social Media and Young Voters.” Date: 25th March, 2019, Monday Venue: India International Institute of Democracy and Election Management (IIIDEM), Dwarka Timing: 10:00 am onwards Role of Social Media and Young Voters In 2014, the 16th Lok Sabha elections witnessed the highest turnout amongst young voters. The youth of the country may have experienced a wave of euphoria after being sparked to action by Anna Hazare’s anti corruption movement of April 2011. Protests occurred throughout the country against the Delhi rape and fatal assault case of December 2012. Online as well as social networking sites Facebook and Whatsapp were used extensively. Tens of thousands signed online petitions while raising their concerns and to register their protests. The focus of political parties also got diverted from exploiting the traditional caste cleavage of the country to mobilize young voters who constitute a whopping 13.3 crore of the population. It was realized that these young voters who constitute a little over 15% of the total voters in the country hold the key to the making and unmaking of political parties’ electoral destinies in the ensuing 2019 Lok Sabha elections and they must not be ignored or taken lightly. The youth being better informed, educated and tech-savvy are the future opinion-makers and influencers who have the capacity to take a stand against the established political leanings of their family and friends.
    [Show full text]
  • UNITED STATES SECURITIES and EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 20-F REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT to SECTION
    UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 20-F REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 OR ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2014 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 OR SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Date of event requiring this shell company report For the transition period from to Commission File Number: 1-15182 DR. REDDY’S LABORATORIES LIMITED (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) Not Applicable TELANGANA, INDIA (Translation of Registrant’s name (Jurisdiction of incorporation or into English) organization) 8-2-337, Road No. 3, Banjara Hills Hyderabad, Telangana 500 034, India +91-40-49002900 (Address of principal executive offices) Saumen Chakraborty, Chief Financial Officer, +91-40-49002004, [email protected] 8-2-337, Road No. 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 034, India (Name, telephone, e-mail and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person) Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act. Title of Each Class Name of Each Exchange on which Registered American depositary shares, each New York Stock Exchange representing one equity share Equity Shares* * Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of American depositary shares, pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
    [Show full text]
  • India Behavioral Energy Efficiency Potential | Oracle Utilities Opower
    Behavioural Energy for India Efficiency Potential WHITE PAPER / 2019 WHITE PAPER / Behavioural Energy Efficiency Potential for India | 2 Behavioural Energy for India Efficiency Potential WHITE PAPER / Behavioural Energy Efficiency Potential for India | 3 This White Paper was co-authored by the Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE) and Oracle Utilities. The individuals most responsible for the development of this paper are as follows: AEEE Team Ms. Sneha Sachar Mr. Shyamasis Das Mr. Akash Goenka Oracle Team Ms. Marisa Uchin Dr. Ken Haig Mr. Sabyasachi Pattanaik Ms. Kristen Emhoff Suggested Citation Sachar, S., Das, S., Emhoff, K., Goenka, A., Haig, K., Pattanaik, S., Uchin, M. (2019). “White Paper on Behavioural Energy Efficiency Potential for India.” New Delhi: Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE). Disclaimer This report is based on the best available information in the public domain. Every attempt has been made to ensure correctness of data. However, AEEE and Oracle Utilities do not guarantee the accuracy of the data or accept responsibility for the consequences of the use of such data. Copyright © 2019, Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE) Saira Tower, 4th Floor, N-161A, Gulmohar Enclave, Yusuf Sarai, New Delhi -110049 [T] +91-11-40567344, 46635600 [E] [email protected] [W] www.aeee.in © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle India Private Limited F-01/02, First Floor | Salcon Rasvillas | D-1, District Centre, Saket, New Delhi - 110017 For more information, visit oracle.com/utilities or email [email protected] Published: 2019 WHITE PAPER / Behavioural Energy Efficiency Potential for India | 4 Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE) and Oracle Utilities express their sincere gratitude to the following individuals for their support and input during the development of this White Paper: Acknowledgements BSES Rajdhani Power, Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized In the Dark SOUTH ASIA DEVELOPMENT FORUM In the Dark How Much Do Power Sector Distortions Cost South Asia? FAN ZHANG © 2019 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 21 20 19 18 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Zhang, Fan.
    [Show full text]
  • Meeting the Unmet Need a Choice-Based Approach to Family Planning
    Meeting the Unmet Need A Choice-Based Approach to Family Planning Introduction Family planning is an important tool for altogether, but are not using a fulfilling people’s reproductive health and contraceptive method, or fertility needs and has rightly been at the (2) have a mistimed or unwanted current heart of political and programmatic pregnancy, or interventions in India as well as globally. (3) are postpartum amenorrhoeic and their However, India’s family planning last birth in the last two years was programme, despite its numerous mistimed or unwanted”1. successes, has had to contend with misconceptions, lack of information around Unmet need can be further disaggregated contraceptives, and a continuing gap in into unmet need for limiting births and public perception on the importance and unmet need for spacing births2. Unmet need need for family planning. There has also also varies across parameters, like been a recognition of the persisting unmet geography, age, education, religion, caste, need for family planning (henceforth, unmet and economic status, among others (New et need), which can be a barrier to women’s al. 2017). In India, women in rural areas realisation of their optimal reproductive report a higher unmet need than their urban health and fertility needs. counterparts and there are interstate variations in unmet need.3 Unmet need also Simply put, unmet need refers to the varies across social indices, with “condition of wanting to avoid or postpone contraception use at its lowest (45%) among childbearing but not using any method of women from Scheduled Tribes, followed by contraception” to do so (Casterline and Other Backward Classes (47%) and those Sinding 2000: 3).
    [Show full text]
  • Road Accidents in India 2014
    RROOAADD AACCCCIIDDEENNTTSS IINN IINNDDIIAA 22001144 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT & HIGHWAYS TRANSPORT RESEARCH WING NEW DELHI www.morth.nic.in TEN GOLDEN RULES FOR ROAD SAFETY 1. STOP OR SLOW DOWN : Allow pedestrians to cross first at uncontrolled zebra crossings. 2. BUCKLE UP : So that your family and you are safe in the car. Seat Belts reduce the chances of death of a car occupant in accidents . 3. OBEY TRAFFIC RULES AND SIGNS : To prevent road accidents. 4. OBEY SPEED LIMITS : For your own safety and that of others. In residential areas and market places, ideal speed should be 20 kmph and the maximum speed limit is 30 kmph. 5. KEEP VEHICLE FIT : To prevent breakdown and accidents on road. 6. NEVER USE MOBILE WHILE DRIVING : To avoid distractions that largely lead to accidents. 7. WEAR HELMET : To protect your head while riding a two wheeler. A good quality helmet reduces the chances of severe head injury. 8. NEVER DRIVE DANGEROUSLY : To ensure your own safety and that of other road users. 9. BE COURTEOUS : Share the road with all and be considerate. Never rage on the road. 10. NEVER MIX DRINKING AND DRIVING : Be Responsible... Don’t drink while driving. ~ SECRETARY ~ fi,,!cpl"! ~ iiI<ffl GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ret\J1~ ft9&l '! ~ qRcjg"i 3fR xl\JPilll ~'5lIC'i(1 VIJAY CHHIBBER MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT & HIGHWAYS FOREWORD Over the years, the significant growth of vehicles on road has been the leading cause of accidents resulting into deaths, disabilities and hospitalizations with severe socio-economic costs across the country.
    [Show full text]
  • International Migration of Health Professionals and the Marketization and Privatization of Health Education in India: from Push-Pull to Global Political Economy
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wilfrid Laurier University Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier Geography and Environmental Studies Faculty Publications Geography and Environmental Studies 1-2015 International Migration of Health Professionals and the Marketization and Privatization of Health Education in India: From Push-Pull to Global Political Economy Margaret Walton-Roberts Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/geog_faculty Part of the Geography Commons Recommended Citation Walton-Roberts, M. (2015). International Migration of Health Professionals and the Marketization and Privatization of Health Education in India: From Push-Pull to Global Political Economy. Social Science and Medicine, 124: 374-382. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Geography and Environmental Studies at Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geography and Environmental Studies Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT Health worker migration theories have tended to focus on labour market conditions as principal push or pull factors. The role of education systems in producing internationally oriented health workers has been less explored. In place of the traditional conceptual approaches to understanding health worker, especially nurse, migration, I advocate global political economy (GPE) as a perspective that can highlight how educational investment and global migration tendencies are increasing interlinked. The Indian case illustrates the globally oriented nature of health care training, and informs a broader understanding of both the process of health worker migration, and how it reflects wider marketization tendencies evident in India’s education and health systems.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Adopting Risk-Reducing, Drought-Tolerant Rice in India
    Takashi Yamano The impact of adopting risk-reducing, Manzoor H Dar Architesh Panda drought-tolerant rice in India Ishika Gupta Maria Luz Malabayabas March 2018 Eric Kelly Impact Agriculture Evaluation Report 72 About 3ie The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making NGO promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding, producing and synthesising high-quality evidence of what works, for whom, how, why and at what cost. We believe that using better and policy-relevant evidence helps to make development more effective and improve people’s lives. 3ie impact evaluations 3ie-supported impact evaluations assess the difference a development intervention has made to social and economic outcomes. 3ie is committed to funding rigorous evaluations that include a theory-based design, use the most appropriate mix of methods to capture outcomes and are useful in complex development contexts. About this report 3ie accepted the final version of the report, Impact and adoption of risk-reducing drought- tolerant rice in India, as partial fulfilment of requirements under grant OW4.1343 awarded under Open Window 4. The 3ie technical quality assurance team for this report comprises Diana Lopez-Avila, Markus Olapade, Emmanuel Jimenez, Stuti Tripathi, an anonymous external impact evaluation design expert reviewer and an anonymous external sector expert reviewer. The 3ie editorial production team for this report comprises Beryl Leach, Angel Kharya and Akarsh Gupta. The report content has been copy-edited and formatted for publication by 3ie. However, despite best efforts in working with the authors, some figures and tables could not be improved.
    [Show full text]