Turku Sustainable City Districts Skanssi and Linnakaupunki

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Final report Turku Sustainable City Districts Skanssi and Castle Town

Content Page

Content 1 Introduction, case for action and objectives 1 - 56

Skanssi and Castle Town – Content 2 57 - 210 Cornerstones of a sustainable development concept

Content 3 Content III: Toolbox and Outlook 211 – 214

Chapter Content Page

1 Management summary 1 - 10

The Urban Planning Challenge in midsize European cities 2 • Key development challenges 11 - 32 • Examples of current eco-district projects in Europe

City of Turku – Pathway towards a sustainable urban development 3 • Current situation and future vision of Turku 33 – 40 • Renewal of existing districts & development of new eco-districts • Sustainable city districts in Turku – a major lever of sustainable growth

Case for action – Sustainable living and working environments 4 • The planning and management challenge 41 - 56 • The technology and innovation challenge

Future way of City development and design will differ from traditional development I strategies: Polycentric structures of cities and increasing autonomy of city districts imply new ways of developing the districts spatial design as well as their infrastructures.

II Cities need to implement available sustainable solutions starting with “day1” and need to establish a continuous improvement cycle.

The report describes and partly evaluates 14 Infrastructure solutions, 1 platform solution III for smart mobility and citizen services and several solutions as enabler/supporter for a social approach to sustainability in the districts. First evaluation of 5 district specific transport levers show preliminary CO reduction IV 2 potential of more than 50% for transport. 3 evaluated levers for Energy &Buildings show a CO2 abatement potential of more than 40%. Cities all over the globe consider themselves as living labs with a specific mandate: V learning from and for other Cities. Skanssi and Castle Town strive for an exemplary sustainability position in Turku and Finland. The toolbox can act as a learning framework.

City of Turku Siemens

. Strong commitment to Sustainable . Largest environmental portfolio in Development – part of city vision, values, energy, infrastructure, industry and strategy and programs since 1990’s healthcare technologies . Ambitious Program for Climate and . Strong commitment developing Environment – 30% GHG reduction by 2020 sustainable cities – sustainable urban infrastructure , participation in . Successful implementation of key actions studies and reduction of GHG emissions by 16% WBCSD & dedicated business vertical . in . Combining economic growth and Dow-Jones Sustainability Index ecological sustainability diversified industries

. Sustainable infrastructure projects – . Using technological expertise to develop regional cooperation, town-planning, housing, benchmark in sustainable mid-sized cities mobility, energy, water,… . Sustainability is our strength, technologies . Vivid economy and proactive region – are needed to solve climate issues building a sustainable and attractive city . Developing Turku is a business opportunity . Networking and cooperation – learning from others and being an example and reference

.Light rail and district .Ensure realization with .Comprehensive Target concept as cornerstones financing concepts and sustainability roadmap for city development make Turku “future ready” in all infrastructure areas

Year I (2012) Year II (2013) Year III (2014)

.Impact study for light rail .Smart grid city concept .White paper for Project .Comprehensive concept .E-Mobility impact sustainable city districts ideas for Skanssi district (Smart assessment .Strategies for energy grid, buildings, transport, .Light rail technology study efficiency improvements in water) existing infrastructure .Financing concept for . . Traffic management complex infrastructure E-Mobility implementation concept for city incl. projects roadmap and piloting connection to intermodal hubs

.Main development areas .Financing and new .Holistic sustainable city Focus in the city technologies concept

Turku Sustainability Objectives

Sustainable development To financially, socially and ecologically protect future generations’ life opportunities through balanced and continuous change

. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by - 30% per inhabitant until 2020 (from 1990 levels) and at least -20% in total . Improve energy efficiency by 9% from 2005 until 2016 . 50% or more of district heating from renewables by 2020 . Electricity purchased by the city 100% from renewables by 2013 . Consideration of sustainability criteria in all public tenders from 2013 on . Sustainable development in daycare centers and educational institutions

09.00 – 11.00 a.m. Study objectives Deliverables

.To gain an understanding of the .Joint Turku & Siemens concept paper as a Skanssi impacts of diverse new technologies guideline for development of sustainable on the urban image, planning and districts outlining general planning challenge, properties the pathway to sustainable districts, the specific case for action in Skanssi & Castle Skanssi Town, a description and evaluation of the Castle Town chosen solutions

.To support the construction of sustainable city districts in Skanssi and Castle Town by developing a .Fact book with detailed description of the toolbox which outlines relevant used methodology, sources and calculations technologies, policies and best practices and thus positioning Turku as a pioneer of sustainable district development in Europe

The Urban Planning Challenge for Reference study to verify critical success Sustainable living & working environments factors in city district development . Cities need to transform from a . Ten European eco-district projects were traditional configuration to a studied in order to support the process in configuration which better allows Turku adaption to current and prospective . Aspects of the planning process to be challenges and trends considered throughout the project . Successful development strategies and . Profiling, stakeholder engagement implementation projects are based on and ensuring commitment an analysis of the sustainability themes . Applicability of future ready and infrastructure areas to be sustainable technologies addressed . Financial risk awareness . Sustainable city districts are a major . lever of sustainable growth and Skanssi Aspects to be considered after the and Castle Town are developed as construction of the district Lighthouse projects

Summary Content II Summary Content III

. The identified & proposed 16 Solutions . We defined several steps for sustainable show a potential of: city development from “setup” to “realization” and a continuous . 7.1 tons CO2 per year in mobility (incl. IMP) improvement process after the construction of the district . 6.7 tons CO2 per year in energy (only solar panels) . As an outlook, we expect Turku to continue developing the districts as eco- . 3.7 tons CO per year in mobility (only 2 districts and scale the evaluated and Smart Buildings) applied green technologies to the remaining districts.

Chapter Content Page

1 Management summary 1 - 10

The Urban Planning Challenge in midsize European cities 2 • Key development challenges 11 - 32 • Examples of current eco-district projects in Europe

Case for action – Sustainable living and working environments 4 • The planning and management challenge 41 - 56 • The technology and innovation challenge

• Cities are high drivers of national GDP and centres of innovation and culture. They now host half of humankind, consume the majority of resources and energy and are responsible for the majority of GHG emissions. • Global and regional megatrends impact cities all over the world and pose major challenges for their development. At the same time, successful cities can provide many of the best solutions to these challenges and enable good life for generations to come. • In order to survive and prosper, cities need to combine economic viability, high environmental performance and social cohesion.

Reference

The City of Freiburg, located in southwestern Germany, is famous around the world for its sustainable approach especially regarding the use of renewable energy sources such as solar energy. Freiburg has incorporated environmental thinking in the fields of transportation, energy, waste management, land conservation and green economics. In the 1990s, the city started the development of the two sustainable residential districts, Vauban and Rieselfeld, which have become pioneering examples of green communities and sustainable urban development. These districts are also good models of how to use a participatory way of planning and to involve the local residents in the decision making regarding their living environment. Source: Study on European Eco-districts by the City of Turku, 2013 Photo credit: Stadt Freiburg i.Br .

• Cities have a powerful advantage to deliver sustainable development and green economy in practice. • Cities provide the right scale for markets of eco-products and for large-scale green infrastructure investment. • Short-term costs of urban environmental policies are lower than at the national level because of the effects of stronger synergies. Local policies and projects to reduce pollution increase attractiveness – a main factor of city competitiveness, especially in economies that are higher up the value chain. • Many cities already have decoupled economic growth and the expansion of GHG thus demonstrating a key aspect of green growth in practice.

Reference

Stockholm, the capital city of Sweden with some 850 000 residents, is one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in Europe. At the same time, the city has managed to develop into a sustainable city offering a versatile and attractive environment for the people living and working there. Stockholm was the first European Green Capital – a title awarded to the city by the EU Commission in 2010. The city aims to be carbon-neutral by 2050 and has already reduced GHG emissions by over 25 per cent/inhabitant since the year 1990. In social terms Stockholm is one of the most equal cities in the world.

Photo credit: Lennart Johans- Source: Study on European Eco-districts by the City of Turku, 2013 son, City of Stockholm

• In large-scale comparison, GHG emissions per capita drop significantly as urban areas densify. • Compared to monocentric, polycentric development focusing on city districts can provide further advantages. • Successful urban planning and infrastructure projects can have a major impact on sustainable urban development and branding thereby creating basis for successful economic development. The best eco-district projects have “turned the city around”.

Reference

Malmö, a mid-sized city in the Öresund Region in southern Sweden, has today a prosperous economy and is almost synonymous with sustainable urban development. After more than a decade of harsh economic crisis, the transformation of the city into a leading example of sustainable development started in the 1990’s fuelled by the decision to build a bridge to Copenhagen and the redevelopment of the formerly industrial harbor area in Västra Hamnen. Today, Västra Hamnen and other successful large scale projects undertaken in Malmö have piloted new technologies and innovation promoting new knowledge and markets and have contributed to reaching many of the overall sustainability targets set for the city. Source: Study on European Eco-districts by the City of Turku, 2013 Photo credit: Flickr: Sampo Sikiö 2007 © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 14 September 2013 In order to create successful urban strategies and development projects

… we at first must understand the powers impacting on our ecosystems called cities

Both global megatrends & European specifics are influencing our city

Increasing energy Increasing Demographic Urbanization consumption population density change

Resource Climate Increasing Innovation & scarceness change resource prices technology dynamics

Impact on

Urban needs Mobility Energy Buildings Water & City admin of biz & waste people

To face these challenges appropriately the cities of today must change & transform from a traditional configuration to a configuration which allows for adaption to current & prospective challenges & trends

City of today City of tomorrow

• Monocentric structure • Morphological and func- • Centralised steering tional poly centrism and control • Viable and sovereign city districts • Individual mobility culture • Smart transport • Centralized power plants • Inter-device communication • Integration of modes

• Industrialisation • Highly mobile know-ledge- • Linear InfoComm; based society one-to-on comm. • Community, integrated • Individualistic behaviour • Congestion • Reduced traffic • High energy consumption • Decreasing dependency on energy supply • Highly centralized “physical” services • Proximity of community and smart services • Materialistic culture • Virtualized society Source: Siemens Mobility consulting © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 16 September 2013 The challenge for cities is to create a unique, coherent district configuration…

• A polycentric city is a multi- Building blocks and determinants nuclei urban system • Disentangling the formerly Residential Smart grown, traditional structures Buildings mobility • Reducing complexity and City Economy Smart Grid "making big issues smaller" logistics Urban pro- Safety & Change • For a district this means cess org. security a strengthened position Business City district I & C within the city buildings integr. • Being a sovereign entity Quality amongst others meaning Ecology Community of Life to be required • To provide an autonomously Energy Community supply buildings viable ecosystem to its citizens Needs / demands as influencing factors Infrastructures Organization & city services Profile, District Infrastruc- Reali- Monitor & City vision Needs, vision ture Plg. zation Control KPI Source: Siemens Mobility consulting © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 17 September 2013 The typical characteristics of a future city district pose major challenges on urban district planning

Typical characteristics Key urban district planning challenges of a modern City district

Quality of life Inter- and intra- connectedness Urban image

Technologies

Viable "Mini-city" infrastructure Planning

Policies Vital social Minimization and structure de-clustering Operating models

When defining the each of the district properties each of the planning areas must be taken into account.

Source: Siemens Mobility consulting © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 18 September 2013 Successful development strategies and implementation projects require a multi-dimensional planning framework

Urban Planning Framework Mobility Energy Buildings Water & City waste admin Urban stakeholder citizens, travelers, businesses, community, environment Design & aesthetics city landscape & urban heritage Management operational, financial & business model Technologies systems, solutions, components

Economy growth impact, cost-benefit analyses Ecology & environment nature, landscape, resources, air quality Safety & security secure societies, emergency & catastrophe management

Urban future Implemen- Analysis of Gaps & Monitoring scenarios & tation & Policies current status challenges Controlling strategies pathways

Communication & participation

Source: Siemens Mobility Consulting © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 19 September 2013 The following parameters must be aligned with city strategy & vision, & the district vision respectively

2 1 . The infrastructures must meet the demands of the stakeholders and follow the citizens’ interests. . Integrate an economical and ecological perspective as well as safety topics. . Involve the urban stakeholders, i.e. residents, travelers, businesses from the very start. . Pay attention to environmental and 3 community issues. . The stakeholders’ needs ought to be considered when planning the solutions of the infrastructure areas. •1 Coherent planning of the district’s . Integrate the new solutions into the given strategy and cornerstones is necessary. city district design. •2 Addressing and integrating all urban . Define set-up of the operational model infrastructures and sources and the financial model have to be • Considering a procedural perspective answered. 3 . When identifying the best matching with a focus on the strategic planning solutions not only technological process of the city considerations shall be made, but also considerations from an economic and ecological point of view.

1. Eco-Viikki Methodology Helsinki, Finland

2. Vuores •The objective was to benchmark sustainable districts & Tampere, Finland find well-performing cost-efficient practices. The districts 3. Skaftkärr were chosen based on their match with the planning aims Porvoo, Finland of Turku. 4. Hammarby Sjöstad Stockholm, Sweden •The analysis focused only on European city districts due 5. Stockholm Royal to similarities regarding climate, legislation & other factors Seaport such as location & size of the district. Stockholm, Sweden •The criteria used in choosing the districts for the study 6. Bo01 Malmö, Sweden were derived based on the planned eco-themes of Skanssi & Castle Town districts of Turku. 7. Hyllie Malmö, Sweden •The Nordic district projects were the most comparable to 8. Rieselfeld the projects in Turku especially due to the similar climatic Freiburg, Germany conditions & legislation. Vauban & Rieselfeld in Freiburg & 9. Vauban Aspern in Vienna were included for their inspiring content Freiburg, Germany & similarities with the districts in Turku. 10. Aspern – Vienna’s Urban Lakeside •The most relevant districts for the study including two Vienna, Austria Finnish districts as well as two districts from each of the cities of Stockholm, Malmö & Freiburg are presented in 11. Skanssi & Castle Town this chapter. Turku, Finland

Objectives . A pilot project and an experimental model for testing the implementation of new sustainable solutions. . Ecological goals of reduction of non-renewable resource and material usage. . Protection of ecosystems and avoiding the formation of waste, emissions and noise. . Main targets: to cut CO2 emissions by 20% compared to traditional building and reduce the amount of waste produced by 20%. Facts Mobility Energy

Construction area: 23 ha Public transport consists of a The largest solar energy system Timeframe: 1999–2004 bus line. The plots have in Finland with a total area of around 1,400 m² of panels. Population: 2,000 0−50% less parking spaces Residential apt.: 750 than usual. Distance to CBD: 8 km

People Organization Buildings A finger-like structure Common areas and services City of Helsinki, the National penetrates between the built include green spaces, parks, Technology Agency of Finland, areas and connects every gardening lots, shared saunas the European Commission, the building plot directly to green and common laundries, a kinder Ministry of the Environment and areas. Planning of the district garden, schools and the Finnish Association of was accomplished by using commercial centres. Architects. the PIMWAG criteria. Key learnings . Need for a concrete monitoring and feedback system for achieving strict ecological goals set for sustainable building projects . A project as ambitious and laborious as the Eco-Viikki project requires adequate knowledge as well as long-term commitment in terms of financial and practical resources.

Objectives . Eco-efficiency is taken into account in all phases of the planning and implementation of the project. . Sustainability of energy supply, energy efficiency of buildings, well developed transport system, ecological building materials and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions . Main target: to create a small town in the midst of nature. . Facts Mobility Energy .… Construction area: .…1,260 ha Public transport network will Goals: promoting the use of renewable energy sources such Timeframe: .…2008 –2020 be based on a light rail system as wind and solar power and Expected population: 13,000 and buses, and there will be a Residential apt.: 6,000 geothermal heat as well as comprehensive footpath and Distance to CBD: 7 km testing new ways of timber cycle network. construction.

People Organization Buildings

Vuores is planned to be an Tampere and Lempäälä have Key elements include active arena providing good made a joint master plan for the incorporating the natural services, attractive business district. In addition to the City of environment into the area and facilities and diverse residential Tampere, other partners of the concentrating the built options that meet high quality project include developers and structure around one main standards. construction companies. centre and four subcenters.

Key learnings . There have been new innovations in Vuores, such as an underground waste collection system and the largest and most efficient storm water management system in Finland. . There is going to be Finland’s largest wooden town area, Isokuusi, in Vuores.

Stockholm was the first European Green Capital – a title awarded to the city by the EU Commission in

2010. Stockholm continues being a role model for other European cities in environmental standards. The title has been awarded to Stockholm because it had approved the target of being fossil fuel free by 2050,

Green the success of the city in cutting carbon dioxide emissions by 25 per cent/inhabitant since the year 1990 and the integration of environmental issues into the city’s general operations. Capital2010

One of Sweden’s biggest urban development projects, Hammarby Sjöstad, is world-known for being a

sustainable housing and working area and has played a major role in the city’s plans for sustainable growth. The previously industrial area has been converted into one of the world’s most recognized sustainable urban areas.

Stockholm Royal Seaport will be another large-scale urban development area where environmentally

Sustainable friendly ambitions and a variety of homes, services and businesses will be mixed in a unique way. urban projects International collaboration is the key to making Stockholm Royal Seaport a leading example of a sustainable and successful economic and environmental urban project.

© City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Source: Study on European Eco-districts by the City of Turku, 2013. Page 24 September 2013 Examples of current eco-districts: Hammarby Sjöstad (Stockholm, Sweden)

Objectives . The environmental impact of the district should be 50% lower than it would be with the technology level used in 1990s. . Residents would produce half of the energy that they consumed  to achieve these objectives, the infrastructure systems for water, sewage and waste management and energy and heating were designed as ‘closed loop’ systems that would feed each other and decrease the amount of energy needed for functioning. .… Facts .… Mobility Energy .… There are bus routes, ferry Energy is produced by RES, Construction area: 200 ha lines, a light rail link and 3 car biogas products and purified waste heat. District heating is Timeframe: 1994–2018 pools in the district as well as supplied to the entire district Expected population: 26,000 a bike sharing program and Residential apt.: 11,500 and it is produced from the good cycle and pedestrian Distance to CBD: 3 km reuse of waste and waste water paths. treatment.

People Organization Buildings

Construction of student housing The development has been A lot of work was done to and housing for mentally supervised by the City of transform the old brownfield disabled persons has Stockholm, and there have sites into an attractive contributed to the balance of been a lot of partners involved residential area. Today there social groups in the district. including architecture firms and are several green spaces, 40 building contractors. walkaways and parks.

Key learnings . The importance of having a comprehensive view on the project as well as a clear vision and main goals set as early as possible. . The vision and goals should be clear, realistic and approved by all the project partners. . The importance of marketing the ecological technologies used in the area, which should be the newest ones available.

Image credits: Lennart Johansson, City of Stockholm © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 25 September 2013 Examples of current eco-districts: Stockholm Royal Seaport (Stockholm, Sweden)

Objectives . By 2020 CO2 emissions will be cut to 1.5 ton per person/year in the district and by 2030 there will be zero fossil fuel emissions. . The aim of the project is to achieve a modern and sustainable city district with a mixed variation of housing, services, commercial activities, industrial activities, culture, sports and port operations. . The main focus will be in sustainability in areas of energy production and consumption, transport, recycling and lifestyles. Facts Mobility Energy

The PT network will consist of The intelligent power grid which Construction area: 236 ha subway, tram and bus linkages. will be integrated to so called Timeframe: 2011–2030 There will also be new lanes for Residential apt.: 12,000 pedestrians and cyclists, bicycle ‘active houses’ is planned to Distance to CBD: 3 km hire, 2.2 bicycle parking reduce annual energy places/household and car consumption to a maximum of sharing. 55 kWh/m2.

People Organization Buildings There will be e.g. passive and The most important partners of plus houses which will A variety of housing, the project are the Port generate their own solar or workplaces, transport, public Authority, the energy company wind energy. There will also services, education and Fortum, housing developers be a smart electricity grid to entertainment will be available and important public entities help the residents to use in the district when finished. such as the planning office. electricity efficiently.

Key learnings . The development and implementation processes of the project are carried out in different stages in a way that the experience gained can be utilised in the next phases. . An issue to be considered in new long-term projects is the rapid evolution of technological solutions and the availability of new technologies. Image credits: City of Stockholm © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 26 September 2013 Malmö – Building new districts to drive sustainable city development

Malmö, a city in the Öresund Region in southern Sweden, has become an internationally known flagship of sustainable urban development. The transformation of the city started with the redevelopment of the formerly industrial harbor area in Västra Hamnen. The European housing exhibition Bo01, held in 2001, was the first development stage of Västra Hamnen, which has later been followed by the development of the Flagghus housing area. Bo01 is the first city district in Sweden that is climate neutral and is supplied with 100% renewable energy. The city still continues to develop the Västra Hamnen district in the third part of the harbor area and the largest residential development with passive and low- Introduction energy housing in Sweden, Fullriggaren. Today, Västra Hamnen is an international model of incorporating sustainability into an urban district.

After the success of Västra Hamnen, Malmö has extended environmental construction to the sustainable districts of Augustenborg and Sege Park. The most recent sustainable city district project carried out in the city is Hyllie. The successful large scale projects undertaken in Malmö have also contributed to the ing city

Develop - overall sustainability targets set for the city.

Malmö has been making notable progress in other areas of sustainability as well, e.g. several projects

aiming at enhancing social sustainability in the city. Malmö has received numerous prizes for its efforts for achieving sustainable development. One of the recent awards was the election of Malmö as a climatic ideal Earth Hour Capital 2011 by the World Wildlife Fund WWF. The city has also received the World Habitat Award for its contributions in the field of social sustainability especially in the eco-district of Augustenborg, and has been selected as the best environmental municipality of Sweden in 2010 by Distinctions the publication Miljöaktuellt.

Source: Study on European Eco-districts by the City of Turku, 2013. © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 27 September 2013 Examples of current eco-districts: Bo01 (Malmö, Sweden)

Objectives . Main target: to create an ecological district that uses 100% locally produced renewable energy. . To become a leading example of sustainable construction in an urban quarter . Other objectives included soil reclamation, a well-developed public transport system, use of ecological building materials,

creation of a sustainable society providing high quality of life and promotion of the area’s rich biodiversity.

. … Facts Mobility Energy Priority in transportation is A district heating system Construction area: 22 ha given to PT. There is a carpool powered only by RES covers most of the houses, and is Timeframe: 1998–2007 in the area, and the use of complemented by solar Population: 2,300 bicycles is very common. Residential apt.: 1,450 collectors and thermal heating. There are only 0.7 parking Distance to CBD: 2 km A wind power station (2MW) spaces per household. provides all of the electricity.

People Organization Buildings The area was developed by the There is a wide diversity of City of Malmö in cooperation There are low energy residents in the district, since with the Swedish Energy standards of energy use of about 70% of the housing in Agency, the European Union, 105 kWh/m²/year for each Bo01 consists of rented energy and construction building including household apartments and the remaining companies, Bo01AB and Lund electricity. The architecture of 30% of owner occupied houses. University. Bo01 is very versatile.

Key learnings . Contradictory to the plans, a large parking garage had to be built because the new residents wanted to use cars  The city of Malmö noticed the problem and made efforts for increasing the usage of PT and bicycles instead of private cars. . Sustainable habits of residents should be encouraged from the beginning of the planning process and supported all along.

Objectives . Hyllie is planned to become a global model for sustainable city districts and more specifically the most climate-smart district in the Öresund region. . By 2020, energy production in Hyllie will consist of 100% of renewable or recycled energy, most of which will be locally produced. Facts Mobility Energy Well-functioning PT network in Construction area: 200 ha Hyllie is going to consist of Hyllie will get a smart infrastructure, which will result Timeframe: 2012–2030 trains, busses, and a new as higher energy efficiency. By Residential apt.: 9,000 metro station. There are good Distance to CBD: 3 km 2020, energy production in the bicycle paths and services for district will consist of 100% of cyclists. renewable or recycled energy.

People Organization Buildings The City of Malmö, E.ON and Buildings will be connected to Hyllie is a mixed area with a lot VA Syd are the main partners of a smart grid. The district is of services and special the project, while Siemens will going to have a varied mix of features. Malmö arena in Hyllie be the main supplier of energy housing, and at least 30 per is a multi-arena for sports, technology. A number of cent of the dwellings will be entertainment and culture. constructors and other actors rental apartments. are also involved.

Key learnings . There is already a new well-functioning parking deck called Park n’ Ride in the district, which is the largest of its kind in Malmö. The multi-storey car park does not only provide parking, however, for there is a variety of services offered in the building. This facility is a good example of promoting public transport and cycling.

Image credits: Image 1: David Wiberg, Hyllie Centrum 2008, image 2: Jesper Lindgren, Hyllie Centrum 2011. © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 29 September 2013 Freiburg – The city of pioneering green districts

The City of Freiburg is famous around the world for its sustainable approach especially regarding the use of renewable energy sources such as solar energy. The city has had experience and expertise in sustainable energy management already for years. Freiburg has also been promoted as the Green City, incorporating environmental thinking in the fields of transportation, energy, waste management, land conservation and green economics. Introduction

Freiburg’s way towards a green city started already in the 1970s with the Green Movement and a protest

against a nearby nuclear power plant, which was followed by the leaders of the city and the vast academic community taking a serious interest in sustainability. In the 1990s, the city started the development of the two sustainable residential districts, which have become pioneering examples of green

Green communities and sustainable urban development. These districts are also good models of how to use a movement participatory way of planning and to involve the local residents in the decision making regarding their living environment.

Vauban, the internationally well-known eco-district has been a celebrated model of a sustainable district for more than 10 years. This brownfield district has successfully reduced private car use in the residential area and is known for its extensive use of solar energy.

Rieselfeld is another successful sustainable city district in which the City of Freiburg has achieved its

districts ambitious goals of sustainable urban development in terms of integrating environmental policy and

Sustainable sustainability in residential district building and creating an attractive housing area for its citizens. Rieselfeld has been a good example of how the redevelopment of brownfield areas can make them attractive places to live and at the same time bring inhabitants of low-density suburbs back to the city.

Source: Study on European Eco-districts by the City of Turku, 2013. © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 30 September 2013 Examples of current eco-districts: Rieselfeld (Freiburg, Germany)

Objectives

. One main objective was to promote a participatory way of planning and building a sustainable city district. . Since the beginning of the project, all the aspects of a new sustainable district were paid attention to: not only technological aspects, but also social, cultural, ecological, urban building and marketing were stressed early on.

Facts Mobility Energy The area has a general speed All houses are connected to the Construction area: 70 ha limit of 30 km/h and there are district heating system functioning on a combined heat Timeframe: 1994–2012 special traffic-calmed streets. and power plant. Renewable Population: 12,000 Priority is given to public Residential apt.: 4,200 energy such as solar energy, transport (tram and buses) Distance to CBD: 4 km wood pellets and heat pumps ,pedestrians and cyclists. are used widely in the area.

People Organization Buildings There is an obligation to use The level of resident The Freiburg City Council low-energy construction with a satisfaction is high in Rieselfeld. created a Public-Private maximum energy consumption The needs of different groups, Partnership between the city of 65 kWh/m²/year in the such as handicapped, elderly and the private developers houses. There is a wide range and families, have been paid a consisting of more than 110 of building types for different lot of attention to in the district. building societies and investors. groups of people.

Key learnings . The positive image of Rieselfeld as a sustainable residential district with good public services and a resident-friendly infrastructure has attracted especially young families and senior citizens. . The project group has involved residents in the development process and considered their opinions for improvements.

Image credits: image 1: Alain Rouiller 2002, image 2: Stadt Freiburg i.Br. © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 31 September 2013 Examples of current eco-districts: Vauban (Freiburg, Germany)

Objectives . The energy consumption of the district was to be organised efficiently. Extensive use of ecological building materials and solar energy were other main objectives of the project. Also an increased use of district heating was promoted early on. . A lot of attention was given to raising public awareness and participation since the beginning of the project. . In transport, priority was given to pedestrians, cyclists and public transport. .… Facts Mobility Energy Pedestrian and bicycle paths Public energy and heat are Construction area: 38 ha are well connected and generated by a co-generation Timeframe: 1997–2009 efficient. Car usage is strictly plant functioning on woodchips Population: 5,300 restricted in the traffic-calmed (80%) and natural gas (20%). In Residential apt.: 2,000 streets and there is a speed 2010, 65% of the electricity was Distance to CBD: 3 km limit of 5 km/h in the produced locally through co- residential area. generation and photovoltaics.

People Organization Buildings Actors of the Vauban project All houses in Vauban are built The innovative and participatory included Forum Vauban, the at least according to a low planning process in Vauban City of Freiburg and various energy standard of 65 included future residents of the other partners such as small co- kWh/m²/year. To promote district. A private NGO, Forum housing groups, working versatility in the area, Vauban, consisting of residents citizens groups and private there were no design was established in 1993. builders. requirements for the buildings.

Key learnings . A successful participatory process requires sufficient resources and involves planning as well as implementation phases. . The balance of social groups in a district is very important. . The reuse of brownfield areas can slow down sub-urbanization in cities.

Chapter Content Page

1 Management summary 1 - 10

The Urban Planning Challenge in midsize European cities 2 • Key development challenges 11 - 32 • Examples of current eco-district projects in Europe

City of Turku - Pathway towards sustainable urban development • 3 Current situation and future vision of Turku 33 – 40 • Renewal of existing districts & development of new eco-districts • Sustainable city districts in Turku – a major lever of sustainable growth

Case for action – Sustainable living and working environments 4 • The planning and management challenge 41 - 56 • The technology and innovation challenge

The City of Turku today Structural model of 2035

• The sustainable solutions carried out have mostly • … been based on exploiting the existing urban form and infrastructure. New residents and functions have been located in zones with good preconditions for walking, cycling and public transportation.

• Partly due to city center development with its surroundings since 1990’s, the population has begun to increase particularly in the central areas. At the same time the urban sprawl has been expanding. The population of Turku has been growing rapidly during last three years and it has exceeded the 180.000 border by end of 2012.

• Unfortunately no eco-districts have been carried out yet. Only a few single passive and zero-energy houses have been built during last years. Instead the situation in use of renewables is better. E.g. waste heat is used • The structural model of 2035 is set up to increase for district heating and cooling production as well as in the attractiveness of the city and will lead to some other solutions. In the field of smart solutions the economic and population growth. city of Turku has taken its’ first steps.

Urban form

City of today: Dense urban structure City of tomorrow: To unify the approximately 6 km from CBD existing urban structure • Former industrial buildings, particularly in the city center and • According to the objectives of Turku Master surrounding brownfield areas have been re-used as offices, Plan 2035 at least 85 % of the new and academies, cultural facilities and apartments. developing land use (residential areas, • The densification of the urban structure particularly in the commercial services and other city-center city center and on the surrounding brownfield areas since oriented working places) will be located in the 1990’s has resulted in a population growth in the central developed pedestrian, cycling and intensive parts of Turku. public transportation zones. A sufficient • 65 % of the population is living in pedestrian, cycling and population is a prerequisite for a economical public transportation zones approx. 6 km from the city public transportation. center. • Vision: Urban structure where you can get • About 55 % of the working places in Turku (n=95000) are along without a car or at least with one car per located in the city-center. household.

Concentration of population 2009 Concentration of work places 2009

Urban form

City of today: Accelerating urban sprawl City of tomorrow: To limit the urban sprawl • Since 1980’s the urban structure has expanded into greenfield • Densification of the urban structure will areas in the outskirts of the city of Turku as well as in Turku urban result in versatile provision of attractive region. residential areas with services located on • The City of Turku and municipalities in the urban region have walking and cycling distance as well as provided plots for single-family houses and granted building public transportation zone (or even permits on sparsely populated areas, e.g. the number of building intensive public transportation zone). permits in sparsely populated areas outside the city plan has grown • Minor new residential areas in the car- with 12 % since 1990 (from 4290 to 4792). dependent zone in order to offer diverse • Residential areas in the outskirts of the city (on the islands housing taking into account the versatile Hirvensalo, Satava and Kakskerta, in the northern parts Yli-Maaria residential preferences. and Paattinen) have a low population density. Thus, a large part of • The amount of building permits based on the areas is classified as car-dependent zone. special consents in sparsely populated Urban sprawl from 1980-2005 areas will be reduced comparing to the development since 1990 in order to restrict the uncontrollable urban sprawl.

Mobility

City of today: Development of means of City of tomorrow: Towards a city of transport distribution walking, cycling and public transportation • In 2008 30 % of all journeys were made by foot, 13 % • Travel by bicycle per inhabitant increases by at least by bike, 9 % by public transportation and 48 % by car. 50% from the level of 2006 and the quantity of travel • Comparing modal split in big Finnish cities the share of on foot per inhabitant remains at least on the level of walking is highest in City of Turku. 2006. The travel quantity in public transportation must • Turku ranks second after Helsinki when comparing increase by 2% annually in the period 2010-2030. share of journeys made by car. Therefore, in 2020, the quantity of travel must be 24% • Since 2000 car ownership and traffic has increased greater than in 2009. The increase in traffic from the faster than the population. urban area to the centre of Turku is in public transport (Climate and Environmental Programme 2009-2013).

Modal split in some Finnish cities Modal split in 2008 (=nyky) and in 2035 (=RM35=Structural model) © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 37 September 2013 Public transportation journeys have been increasing during the last few years.

Mobility

City of today: Development of means of City of tomorrow: Towards a city of transport distribution walking, cycling and public transportation • In 2012 over 21 million journeys were made, which is 3 • The set goals in Climate and Environmental program % more than in the year before. At the same time the 2009-2013 e.g. for modal split (33% car traffic, current car journeys have been increasing even more. 48%) can not be reached with past trends or without a • In Turku urban region e.g. 37 % of the journeys in the big change in transportation politics. walking zone were made walking, 15 % by bike, 6 % • The aim is to achieve the modal split set goals of the by PT and 39 % by car (2008). In the intensive PT Structural Model for Turku urban region 2035: the car zone 26 % of the journeys were made walking, 13 % traffic’s share is reduced with 2,5%-units. Even this is a by bike, 13 % by PT and 47 % by car. In the car tough goal since much of the planned new land-use is dependent zone 65 % of all journeys were made by outsideCar ownership the walking in 2010 and (white=household cycling zones. without car, car and in sparsely populated areas the share of black= household with 2 cars) journeys made by car was 86 %.

. In the construction practice in Turku, energy regulations are applied, which in the last few years have become more and more strict. There’s no eco-disticts in Turku. In last years only a few single one-family passive and zero-energy houses have been built. . Multi-storey areas are mainly connected to the district heating network, except the student’s apartment block TYS Ikituuri (geothermal). Nowadays 37 % of the district heating is greenhouse gas emission free production. Legislation gives the possibility to prescribe in the detail plan a site to be connected to the district heating network (or alternatively an other sustainable heat source) . One-family houses and row houses are usually not in the reach of the district heating network in Turku. Other alternatives have been adapted instead, such as geothermal, air- or air- and water-source heating pumps. The air- and air- and water-source heating pumps have sensors, which exploit the information of outdoor temperature to regulate the use of the devices. . The need for cooling has increased. The connection to the district cooling network is more eco-friendly than single separate devices. Snow storage is planned to be used for district cooling production. . The waste heat of Kakola waste water treatment plant is utilized in district heating and district cooling production. In some public buildings the waste heat is utilized, as e.g. in the Impivaara indoor ice rink, where waste heat is recycled for the cafeteria. The waste heat of Impivaara swimming hall is utilized to cool down the ski trail nearby. . Due to installed contactless meters (new construction and old buildings) the electricity consumers in Turku can follow their electricity consumption on the net at one hour’s interval. . Water meters per apartment (in new construction, more common also in old buildings) have reduced the water consumption. . In suburban settlements (some suburbs) separate heating plants are in use, new centralized plants for heat and energy production are planned. . In the 1970 Finland was an exemplary country for sustainable construction (suburbs, element constructions after the oil crisis). Now, however especially the buildings of this era have proved to be in the weakest position concerning energy efficiency (ERA17)

Creating an attractive and high quality urban living environment

. focus on development of city-center and surrounding brownfield areas  . population growth and increase the number of city-center  oriented working places    . good accessibility by PT  . housing and working places on walking and cycling distance  ? from the services  . City-center development aspires to make the city-center more     attractive and lively around the clock all year round. . Exploiting the existing urban structure including e.g. ?  ! infrastructure and services . Development of the city center and its surrounding brownfield areas corresponds to the city’s objectives for sustainable unifying of the urban structure.

• Renewal of area already completed . Skanssi and Castle Town are two city districts which are going • Work in progress to be developed to sustainable residential areas. The two • No activities planned areas are very different in nature, but the planning of both districts is going to be sustainable in many ways. Skanssi •! Need for action area is scheduled to be fully built approximately in 2030 and •? To be discussed Castle Town around 2035.

Chapter Content Page

1 Management summary 1 - 10

The Urban Planning Challenge in midsize European cities 2 • Key development challenges 11 - 32 • Examples of current eco-district projects in Europe

City of Turku – Pathway towards a sustainable urban development 3 • Current situation and future vision of Turku 33 – 46 • Renewal of existing districts & development of new eco-districts • Sustainable city districts in Turku – a major lever of sustainable growth

Case for action – Sustainable living and working environments 4 • The planning and management challenge 47 - xx • The technology and innovation challenge

The city needs to meet the challenges arising for global megatrends. Existing technologies and best practices can help to meet them. How to develop the city and exploit possibilities of technology and environment in a sustainable way?

Existing technology achieves high gains Sustainable Urban Development in efficiency and CO2 abatement . Cities are competing globally Renewable Energy-efficient Traffic manage- to make their urban areas energies buildings ment systems attractive to live and to invest in

Compe- titiveness Gover- nance Environ- Quality ment of Life

. Challenge to balance between competitiveness, environment and quality of life, and to finance infrastructure solutions Integrated urban Low-loss power Street lighting . trans. systems distribution with LEDs Achieve committed CO2 targets

Urban image Urban image

Technologies Key challenges Technologies Key challenges regarding

Planning Planning Qualityof life regarding urban image Qualityof life technologies Policies Policies

Operating models Operating models

. To avoid social segregation . To provide innovative and visionary solutions . To develop a socially mixed neighborhood that are feasible in the future (e.g. Stockholm Royal Seaport) . To manage financial risks of long-term . Lack of state support for social/subsidized infrastructure technology related investments housing (e.g. Rieselfeld) . To find appropriate financing and business . To be competitive with other districts of the models to manage the high investment cost Turku when trying to attract residents to the occurring area (e.g. Stockholm Royal Seaport) . To anticipate potential technical progress and . To create district image according to future to be able to integrate the respective changes residents needs & interests into the ongoing planning or execution phase . To preserve biodiversity in the development . To find feasible sustainable technologies (e.g. Vuores) which are applicable for Finnish specifics (weather conditions, legislation etc.)

To create a district image that attracts To provide technologies which enable the intended future residents sustainable behaviour

Urban image

Technologies Key challenges regarding planning

Planning Qualityof life

Policies

Operating models

. To provide a high quality of urban design despite the financing challenge . To prevent of urban sprawl . To use clear and functional criteria in the planning process (e.g. difficulties faced with PIMWAG) (e.g. Eco-Viikki) . To receive the approval of all stakeholders involved (citizens, environmental authorities etc.) (e.g. Vuores) . To receive cooperation and agreements throughout the entire project from all stakeholders. (e.g. Skaftkärr, Vauban) . To define ambitious yet feasible (ecological) targets under consideration of financing issues and legislation (e.g. Skaftkärr) . To validly transfer solutions from the benchmarking districts to the districts of Turku. (e.g. Skaftkärr) . To plan both infrastructure and services in a way that reduces the need for transport, esp. private car transport. (e.g. good connections to CBD, arrangement of parking lots, provision of community facilities and services within the districts) . To implement change management processes regarding the development process and the lifestyles of the future residents (e.g. Stockholm Royal Seaport) . To consider the increased payback time of green buildings compared to standard buildings as well as slightly higher rents as well as to bear in mind that the building lifespan is longer and the energy costs are lower

To integrate participative processes into planning

Urban image Urban image

Technologies Key challenges Technologies Key challenges regarding

Planning Planning Qualityof life regarding policies Qualityof life operating models Policies Policies

Operating models Operating models

. To define consistent and coherent standard for the . To find appropriate operating models to manage the assessment of the ecological level of an high investment cost occurring infrastructure solution (e.g. The PIMWAG (Eco- . To find appropriate financing models to manage the Viikki) approach) high investment cost occurring . To define a minimum standard for the development . To provide good services to the residents and visitors of sustainable district infrastructure . To be aware that materials and new technologies can contribute to the sustainable development of a district must obey higher than usual standards and thus increase costs (e.g. Bo01)

To enable the implementation of To close the bridge between cost sustainable technologies effectiveness and comfort

City planning Attitude

In ambitious and complexed city-planning tasks the projects People involved in the need clear visions, open discussion, common goals and good process must tools to manage the project. • Share the main goals City planning is always a multi-dimensional project that must not forget any of the traditional parts of the city-planning. The • Commit to the project new solutions must adapt to the other plans and the city planning can not concentrate too much on one or few solutions. • Trust the open dialog and co-operative processes The new solutions chosen may not be driven only by a certain area or project, they must always be part of the City Strategy. • Tolerate uncertainty during For new solutions there must be a strong support in all the the process decisions making in the city. • Manage the risks, not avoid The need of information in all levels must not be them totally underestimated.

“Communication is the Key to Success”

We need tools that help us to: We need knowledge on the physical needs of the new solutions:

• plan • size • communicate • amount • choose / decide • location • manage the whole project in its compatibility • special needs / restrictions

We need understanding on the financial We need to understand the influence of the background of the solutions: solution to the project in:

• building cost • the project managing • operating cost • the planning process • economical benefits • the city-level • financial models for the solution • the area-level • buildings and their surroundings

“We need to know the steps that need to be taken to achieve the solution”

•to integrate small scale solutions on district Today the solutions stand for themselves level which are coherent with the city’s strategic Economy goals and the district’s operational goals Residential Buildings •to identify feasible solutions and integrate their Community prerequisites in planning today

I & C •to identify and define solutions which are Business buildings Community visionary and effective today but yet accepted buildings and state-of-the art technologies in the future

•to create solutions which are feasible to Energy supply Safety & integrate solutions from different providers by security defined standards and open interfaces Tomorrow will be brought in the context of district •to care for technology compatibility (from planning..

different distributors as well as older and newer Residential Smart technologies as the implementation process Buildings mobility City may be long) Economy Smart Grid logistics

•to find technologies feasible for Skanssi & Urban pro-cess Safety & Change Castle Town which additionally have a good org. security Business City district rollout potential for the remaining city districts I & C buildings integr.

Quality Ecology Community of Life

Energy Community supply buildings

Requirements are drastically changing from closed island solutions / single products to interlinked intelligent infrastructure solutions

City of today City of tomorrow

Residential Smart Residential Economy Buildings Buildings mobility Smart City Economy Smart Grid mobility Community logistics

Business Urban pro-cess Safety & Change buildings Ecology org. security Business City district Community I & C Safety & buildings integr. I & C buildings security Quality Ecology Community Energy of Life supply ... Quality Energy Community of Life supply buildings

• many operating systems with different interfaces • reducing the number of operating systems by • Infrastrcuture controlled by individual management standardized interfaces systems • Intermodal, efficient & effective mobility • Efficient, centralized energy system • Sustainable & decentralized • Public transport based on bus-service and e- energy supply Ticketing is to be introduced • Efficient water supply & waste management • Single tendering • Security • Reduced carbon footprint of the entire city • Concerted solution planning

Challenge .The various stakeholders involved in the creation of a district have different and partly competing interests and incentives regarding energy efficient solutions

…

New Finance Models New Operating Models .Municipality Financing: Conventional procurement .E.g. Traditional supply contracts (customers buy a concept based on Municipality risk (public sector direct product or equipment together with accompanying funding, international financial institutions and funds of services and pay the purchase price upon EU, private financing providers) delivery/acceptance or according to milestones) vs. Performance Contracting (supplier guarantees a certain .Project financing is based upon a non-recourse or performance, e.g. energy savings, or availability of its limited recourse financial structure where project debt products and services during the contract term and the and equity are paid back from the cash flow generated by customers pay regular installments) the project (e.g. Public Private Partnerships)

Vienna, Austria . Wiener Linien is an integrated public transport service provider managing and operating 5 underground lines, 28 tramway lines and 90 bus lines in the city of Vienna, Austria . The financing model is based on three budgetary pots: 1. Financial compensation: Fixed amount for personnel costs maintenance costs. 100% financed through the city of Vienna 2. Capital supply: All investment except new underground construction, +1.5%p.a. 100% financed through the city of Vienna 3. Investment underground construction: Only provided for new construction of the underground. 50% financed through the state of Austria, 50% financed through the city of Vienna

Berlin, Germany . The Kulturforum Berlin (culture forum Berlin) was in urgent need of modernizing its technical equipment but no funds had been allotted for this in the mid-term. . Siemens Financial Services was able to offer energy-saving performance contracting to finance the needed investments without impacting the budget: Siemens guarantees annual energy savings of 30% . Results: Taking the pressure of the public funds, enhancing the building‘s energy efficiency in a way the investments amortized from guaranteed energy and operating costs savings in due time

Successful urban planning and implementation processes involve actual and potential stakeholders early on and utilize their competencies for co-creation.

City of yesterday was designed for people City of tomorrow is created with people

• The city was in charge • Knowledge is shared and • People had limited power created in interaction • People are empowered • Constructers were to follow instructions • Constructers are part of • Construction was solution development motivated by short-term • Construction aims at life- profit cycle profitability • Co -operation was project- • Co-operation is continuous based • Stakeholder-networks • Networks tended to be combine a wide range of driven by personal competence business interest Modern city and district development is shaped together with stakeholders based on a wide range of competencies and resources. The process is highly co-operative and transparent.

Defining the Co- Profile, Infrastruc- Reali- Re-evaluate challenges creating targets, ture Plg. zation and improve together the vision KPI © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 53 September 2013

Objectives and measures applied in the reference cases (1/2)

In the Study on European Eco-districts the reference cities were discovered to have ambitious objectives on eight different themes: energy, buildings, mobility, water & waste, social issues, ecology & environment, urban structure and management & financing. The objectives were successfully reached by a variety of measures. The objectives and measures were compared with the planned ones of Turku and can potentially be implemented in Skanssi and Castle Town. Objectives of the reference cases Measures that have been proven successful

Energy . Renewable energy use . Use of renewable energy sources: . Energy efficiency in . Solar panels, solar cells, geothermal heat, wind energy, wood pellets, biogas, purified waste heat buildings, services, . Low-energy houses, zero energy houses Buildings surroundings and transport . Smart Grid applications in buildings, infrastructure & electrical systems (e.g. solutions Stockholm Royal Seaport; Malmö: Hyllie)

Mobility . Reducing private car traffic . Speed limits, traffic-calmed streets (e.g. Freiburg: Rieselfeld, Vauban) . Promoting walking, cycling . Carpools (e.g. Stockholm: Hammarby Sjöstad) . Limited & priced parking opportunities for cars and the use of public . Multi-use parking facilities - parking for bikes and cars, public transport transport connections (e.g. Malmö: Hyllie) . Public transport networks, easy access for all . Bicycles for hire, parking facilities for bicycles, bike-sharing . Good and accessible cycle & pedestrian paths

Water & . Better utilization of water . Recycling (e.g. sewage into biogas  used e.g. for cooking) . Efficient water saving and . Organic treatment of storm waters, rainwater collection waste . infiltration & wetland systems (e.g. Tampere: Vuores) treatment . part of landscape planning . Reducing waste production . Utilizing storm waters in houses . Efficient recycling . Underground waste collection systems, vacuum waste chute systems (e.g. Tampere: Vuores; Malmö: Bo01) . Promotion of recycling, innovative solutions for recycling . Combustible garbage used for electricity & hot water (e.g. © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Stockholm: Hammarby Sjöstad)

Page 54 September 2013 Objectives and measures applied in the reference cases (2/2)

Objectives of the reference cases Measures that have been proven successful

Social Issues . Creating sense of community . Common areas (shared gardens, saunas, work places, etc.) (e.g. Helsinki: . Possibilities for living, working Eco-Viikki) . Designing facilities according to residents’ needs (e.g. Freiburg: Rieselfeld) and recreation in the same . Balance of different social and age groups, subsidized housing (e.g. area Vienna: Aspern; Helsinki: Eco-Viikki) . Good service supply reduces the need for transport

Ecology & . Supporting and increasing . Ecological building materials biodiversity . Incorporating green elements in the architecture environment . . Green roofs & walls (e.g. Malmö: Bo01) Incorporating green spaces in . Creating green belts reaching the buildings (e.g. Helsinki: Eco-Viikki) the residential districts . Designing green spaces together with residents . Allotment plots for residents

Urban . A versatile cityscape . A diverse architecture . A flexible structure . Preserving the history of the area structure . No design requirements  greater variability (e.g. Malmö: Bo01) . Adaptable solutions . Combination of work and leisure in the same area . Environmental art (e.g. Tampere: Vuores)

Management . Feasibility . Public & Private Partnerships . Profitability . Subsidies from the EU & financing . . National Government’s support Efficient partnerships . Participation in research programs (e.g. Tampere: Vuores) . Involvement of network companies (water, electricity etc.) . Leasing/selling of the district land owned by the City for different developers

Aspects of the planning Aspects to be considered after Sustainable city district process to be considered the construction of the district throughout the project

• Overall vision and the means for •Sustainable lifestyle of residents: achieving it encouraging and informing the • Involving the residents from the residents about sustainable habits beginning •Continuous monitoring also after • Full commitment & cooperation the construction of the project partners •Clear and adequate follow up goals • Emphasizing the special •Comprehensive documentation of elements of the area - e.g. storm the results  open availability of the water management, smart grid – results for benchmarking since the beginning •The positive image of a residential • Implementing the sustainable housing area can attract future technologies & practices in the residents to move into the district area – e.g. public transport – from Impacts on the City level the start •Integrating all social groups in the district creates balance in the area • Economic growth • Comprehensive research work • Population growth and profitability calculations •Sustainable urban districts can also • Attractiveness & good image of the have an important role in decreasing city • Taking into account the financial or preventing the expansion of • Decrease in GHG emissions risks of investments in new urban development around a city. technologies • Adaptability to future trends Green growth

Content Page

Content 1 Introduction, case for action and objectives 1 - 56

Skanssi and Castle Town – Content 2 57 - 210 Cornerstones of a sustainable development concept

Content 3 Content III: Toolbox and Outlook 211 – 214

Chapter Content Page

Skanssi & Castle Town 1 • Status quo and goals 58 - 71 • KPI systems to monitor and control

2 Smart Buildings in Smart Grids – The backbone of sustainability 72 - 121

Mobility & Logistics – Connectivity and sustainable 3 122 - 160 on-site transport

4 Social Issues 161 - 190

5 Smart City Services 191 - 203

6 Implementation 204 - 210

Skanssi

USP • Living Oasis

Time • 2030

Area • Greenfield area between two forest ridges, two main roads of Helsinki highway and regional road 110.

Km to CBD • 4 km • Increase in population KPI • Decrease in CO2

Tech- • Standardized automation in building nolo- • Distributed & local power generation Skanssi is a greenfield area located between two forest ridges, two main roads of Helsinki highway and regional road 110. Distance from Skanssi to gies • E-car sharing the centre of Turku is approximately 4 kilometres and there are already • E-public transport buses running from Skanssi to the centre. Construction of the first phase of the residential area of Skanssi started in 2011, and there is already a • IMP new shopping mall in the district opened to public in 2009.

Source: behance.net; designbuildsource.com.au; dhhs.ne.gov; saunaflow.com © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 59 September 2013 Skanssi will be a sustainable, innovative and modern district…

Visualization of Skanssi profile

Open community Community, all-age-oriented, integrated, tolerant, diverse

Smart working & shopping Smart Services, shopping, consumeristic, Micro Business

Green access PT Orientation, green transport, accessible, country access

Pioneer architecture Innovative, modern, modern design

Natural focus Sustainable, orientation by nature, recreation, natural

Source: Turku, Siemens, http://nett.umich.edu/ http://cte.umd.edu gcegroup.com inhabitblog.com © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 60 September 2013 … with diverse inhabitant groups with various expectations and requirements

Hypotheses regarding the future inhabitants of Skanssi

Description Looking for Implications for Infrastr. Solutions

Creatives • Inspiration • Creative facilities • Community areas • Young creative workers, • Creative environment (art galleries, ...) • Adapting to attracted by Skanssi's • Other creatives • Inspirational architecture demographic uniqueness change & future trends Families • Privacy • Good schools • Standardized • Extended & big families, • Security • Traffic-calmed living Security Systems sharing life & living … • Neighborhood • Room for privacy • Family orientation • Security systems

B2C • Business opportunities • Sufficient district size • Open Standards • Community services, • Customers • Smart Services availability • Car sharing & city shopping, creative bike rental businesses

All-age • Tolerant and safe • Kindergarten • Standardized • Juniors, teens, adults, community • Green play yards Security Systems seniors • Healthy environment • Recreation areas • Smart Buildings • Health services • Security

Minority groups • Tolerance • Integrated schools • Community areas • Immigrants, disabled • Equal chances • Community facilities • Adapting to demogr. people • A new home change & future trends Source: http://www.whattoseeinvenice.com/tag/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/, http://core3solutions.com/ http://talkingyouth.wordpress.com/ http://reasonradionetwork.com/2 © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 61 September 2013 Castle Town shall be designed according to the following parameters

Castle Town

USP • Incubator Urban Lab

Time • 2035

Area • brownfield area with soil requiring vast measures before it can be build on

Distance to • …km CBD • Economic growth KPI • Decrease in CO2 • Increase in population Tech- • Standardized automation in building nolo- Castle Town is located near the city centre. A bit more than a half of the • Distributed & local power generation planning area of Castle Town consists of so called brownfield areas. These gies abandoned or under-used industrial and railroad areas are challenging for • E-car sharing the developing process because the contained soil requires vast measures • E-public transport before it can be used for housing, offices or business premises. Castle Town is still under planning, and the construction work is going to start at • IMP the earliest in 2013.

Source: behance.net; designbuildsource.com.au; dhhs.ne.gov; saunaflow.com © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 62 September 2013 Castle Town will be a vital and innovative district representing future urban life and business

Visualization of Castle Town profile

Urban flair Community, vital, integrated, tolerant, diverse, vivid, dense, entertainment, night life

Business incubator StartUp culture, micro business, smart services

Centre access Accessible, PT Orientation, biking lanes, harbor hub

Hip Castle Town Innovative, modern, sustainable

Source: Siemens, http://cte.umd.edu gotikanime1111.deviantart.com biketempe.org © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 63 September 2013 Through our solutions, we are able to address the different needs of Castle Town’s inhabitants and its infrastructure

Hypotheses regarding the future inhabitants of Castle Town

Description Looking for Implications for Infrastr. Solutions

Modern urban citizens • Entertainment • Entertainment facilities • Car sharing & city • Busy citizens, living urban • Urban lifestyle • Sport facilities bike rental life in a swift environment • Night life • 24h-retailing • Community areas • Fast access

Working people • Career opportunities • Integrated mobility • Travel chains • Employees and • Business environment • Easy commuting • Information entrepreneurs seeking management chances solution

B2B • Business opportunities • Impressing architecture • Open Standards • Industrial and service • Other businesses • High business density • Decentralized business selling to other • Work force Energy businesses • High reputation of area Management

Families • Privacy • Good schools • Standardized • Wealthy and • Security • Traffic-calmed living Security Systems young families • Neighborhood • Room for privacy • Family orientation • Security systems

Minority groups • Tolerance • Integrated schools • Community areas • Immigrants, disabled • Equal chances • Community facilities • Adapting to do people • A new home demogr. change & future trends Source: http://www.whattoseeinvenice.com/tag/ http://www.londonhelp4u.co.uk, http://core3solutions.com/ http://talkingyouth.wordpress.com/ http://reasonradionetwork.com/2 http://rack.3.mshcdn.com © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 64 September 2013 Key Performance Indicators show whether or not we are on the right track to meeting our goals

Examples of KPIs for Skanssi & Castle Town Explanation

. Number of inhabitants .KPI = Key Performance Indicator . Skanssi: 8,000 .KPIs can be used to monitor the . Castle Town: 15,000 Indicators during planning, building and use of the areas . Amount of energy used and produced in the area .The chosen KPIs must be . Produced solar power KWh / m² (gfa) (to be defined) approved by city council so that the . Use of energy KWh / inhabitant / year (to be defined) Indicators have a sufficient value in . Peak energy maximum KW / inhabitant (to be defined) the process Quantitative . Traffic-share, transport percentage: .The number of chosen KPIs must . Public transportation (goal > 15 %) not be too high in order to focus on . Private cars (< 40 %) the most important indicators . Bicycling (> 15 %) . Walking (> 30 %) .There are quantitative and qualitative KPIs. It is important to . Innovative Smart Services in the area find ways to measure also the qualitative KPIs . Image of the Area . Co-operative planning procedures Qualitative

City Cockpit addresses the status of KPIs by 1. Use Cases City aggregating relevant data

2. Key Performance Indicators

3. IT / Data System

4. Technologies, Solutions, Sensors etc.

Smart Smart Grid City Logistics Public Transport Intelligent Traffic Buildings and Metering Technologies Technologies Management Technologies Technologies and e-mobility Technologies

All data from use cases in the city is gathered and the respective KPIs calculated. The various technological solutions are also providing data through a data system, thus the City Cockpit aggregates data from various sources outlining the most relevant for the user

City Cockpit dashboard Explanation

. A city cockpit is a way to monitor the performance of a city or a city district . The performance is based on predefined KPIs in the corresponding infrastructure areas . If the respective features are enabled the capability of the city cockpit advances from a sheer monitoring & controlling tool to a more intelligent level with the capability of prediction, modeling & simulation

Source: Siemens © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 67 September 2013 To bridge the gap between the status quo to our vision for both districts, an integrated planning process was used

Major components of city planning Description

. City planning process follows 3 steps: Public Objectives . Regional planning opinion of the area . Master planning . Detailed city planning . In every part of the process we need further cooperation with the stakeholders and citizens in order to improve the services and technical solutions. City . Process involves: planning . City planners . Public opinion . Political decision-making . Building planners . System planners . Construction companies Technical . Financing Stakeholders . Service planners and operators solutions

Agreeing on common goals and ways to measure and monitor the achievements, is essential for a successful cooperation

The ten reference districts which were analyzed in the Study on European Eco-districts were further evaluated regarding a Assessment set of themes/categories of sustainability. The 7 of the performances of the districts were assessed in the seven themes23 categories of energy, buildings, transport, waste & water, sustainabi performance social issues, actors & green policies and issues in city level of the (page X: Deriving KPIs..). These categories included 23 lity individual qualitative indicators, each of which consists of a indicators reference Introduction set of criteria that describe the indicator in question. 33 criteria districts

The indicators were mainly based on the European Green City Index conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit in cooperation with Siemens, which assesses the environmental impact of Europe’s major cities. The findings of the Study on European Eco-districts and the objectives of the cooperation project of the City of Turku and Siemens also influenced the creation of the set of indicators.

Basis of indicators

Out of the 23 sustainability indicators, the nine most relevant indicators for the planning of Skanssi and Castle Town (page X) were selected. The districts which were the most successful regarding these indicators are presented on page X (The most relevant...). The selected finished reference districts showcase the areas in which the results of the practices used were highly successful compared to other European cities, while the chosen districts under development demonstrate the districts where the indicator was planned to be used extensively. These most successful districts are good examples of creating sustainability in urban environments.

Based on the analysis of the sustainability indicators for the reference districts and the selection of the relevant indicators for Turku, a set of examples of KPIs for Skanssi & Castle Town were formulated (p. X: Key…). These Key Performance Indicators are good indicators of how the objectives for the districts can be reached. Applying KPIin Turku

Sustainability categories and indicators

Common areas/activities for the

Renewable energy consumption residents

Local energy production Good service supply

Energy Key Perfor- Smart grid applications Subsidized/less-expensive housing mance

Energy-efficient buildings Social Issues A moderate amount of rental housing Indicators

for - Buil dings Making use of existing buildings/areas Business involvement Skanssi &

Restriction of private car parking/usage Development of partnership models Linnakau- punki Promotion of green transport Public participation in green policy Actors &

Services for cyclists Policies Green Green policies

Mobility

Car sharing model Decrease of CO2 emissions

KPIs relevant most the Deriving

Sustainable storm water management Increase in population

Efficient waste treatment Level Economic growth Impact on

waste & Water Planning Issues in City in City Issues Impact on the image of the city Policies

© City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 70 September 2013 Overview of the most relevant sustainability indicators for Skanssi and Castle Town and the most successful reference districts regarding these indicators

Best Performances

Category Sustainability Indicator Finished districts Districts under development results targets Energy Renewable energy consumption . Bo01 (Malmö, Sweden) . Vuores (Tampere, Finland) . Vauban (Freiburg, Germany) . Skaftkärr (Porvoo, Finland) . Hyllie (Malmö, Sweden) Local energy production . Bo01 . Vuores . Skaftkärr . Hyllie Smart grid applications – . Stockholm Royal Seaport (Stockholm, Sweden) . Hyllie . Aspern (Vienna, Austria) Buildings Energy-efficient buildings . Vauban . Stockholm Royal Seaport . Hyllie . Aspern Mobility Restriction of private car parking / usage . Bo01 – . Rieselfeld (Freiburg, Germany) . Vauban Promotion of green transport . Hammarby Sjöstad (Stockholm, Sweden) . Vuores . Bo01 . Stockholm Royal Seaport . Rieselfeld . Aspern . Vauban Services for cyclists . Vauban . Skaftkärr . Stockholm Royal Seaport . Hyllie . Aspern Car sharing model . Hammarby Sjöstad . Stockholm Royal Seaport . Vauban Social Issues Common areas / . Eco-Viikki (Helsinki, Finland) . Vuores © City of Turku & Siemensactivities for AG the 2013. residents All rights reserved. . Rieselfeld Page 71 September 2013 . Vauban Content 2 / 2

Chapter Content Page

Skanssi & Castle Town 1 • Status quo and goals 58 - 71 • KPI systems to monitor and control

2 Smart Buildings in Smart Grids – The backbone of sustainability 72 - 121

Mobility & Logistics – Connectivity and sustainable 3 122 - 160 on-site transport

4 Social Issues 161 - 190

5 Smart City Services 191 - 203

6 Implementation 204 - 210

Pre-selection phase Our methodological approach during the workshop

Filter 1 Filter 2 Filter 3

• All possible • General solutions district across all the relevant • District • District To be urban solutions solutions solutions prioritized infrastructure matching to matching to & areas on city strategy district profile regional, integrated (mega-) city- into and district- planning level Expert Selection selection of district on sus- relevant tainable City infrastruc innovative district ture district planner domains criteria selection

Continuous challenging of infrastructure solutions – living lab initiative Continuous innovation dialogue with infrastructure providers

Skanssi photo photo photo photo (picture today) or planning pic or planning pic or planning pic or planning pic

Castle Town photo photo photo (picture today) or planning pic or planning pic or planning pic

2013 2020 2025 2030 2035 1st phase: first residents 2nd phase: districts 3rd phase: grow 4th phase: grow business construction installations for transport & residents & first park energy, as well as businesses community living focus of report

development focus in 1st focus on enrgy and Key automation of future outlook path for residential building transport solutions buildings & energy infrastructure & basic  not too fancy, realistic grid solutions infrastructure scenarios, available  current solutions solutions to scale, e.g. LR connectivity

Key questions to be answered for a sustainable district Social issues . How is a comprehensive Transport chain City • people & goods • Urban connectivity ensured? • efficient . Are the mobility needs of all • functional transport transport District 1 City connection groups of residents covered? • accessible • PT & IT solutions • sustainable . Will this config. serve to achieve • comfort., safe • sustainable 2 Within district transport mode mix Urban the ecol. targets? water 3 (inter-)regional access solutions Energy flows 1 Energy storage . How can we realize sustainable solutions • Urban • reliable • generation but still affordable energy? • grid mamgt energy • secure . How can we plan with reliable • autonomous • storage Grid solutions • sustainable local 2 3 energy supply if the energy market management Urban is shifting? energy waste generation solutions . Can interconnected buildings Building flows • consumption • Urban increase the energy-efficiency? • energy-efficient 2 1 . • secure • heating buildings How can we combine future-ready • lighting solutions and versatile buildings make • comfortable 3 • design • cooling Public secure and comfortable? furniture Urban . design In what way are the services City smart services soltuions• IT Comm beneficial for the residents? • smart services Dev 2 • information . provision & Do the services support achieving • community Apps Services • data mgmt • Smart City the ecol. or social targets? • safety 1 • quality of life DC NW • guidance Services • IT based SW 3 © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. citizen services social economic growth ecol. responsibility Page 75 Septemberresponsibility 2013 CAPEX & OPEX calc. CO2 saving potential Through our chosen buildings and energy solutions, we are able to address the district’s most urgent requirements

Ranked challenges & requirements towards the buildings & energy infrastructure

1 Innovative districts through innovative solutions 2 Sustainable living 3 Enabling Smart Services 4 Reliable energy supply 5 Low energy costs 6 Versatile infrastructure

Sustain- Smart Low energy 1 Innovative 2 3 4 Reliable 5 6 Versatile able Services costs . Smart Buildings . Electricity . Standardized . Energy . Decentralized . Open . Automation Storage Security Distribution Energy Standards in using weather . Solar panels Systems Automation Management Buildings forecast . Communication Network Infrastructure

Energy & Buildings Solutions Explanation .Basic solutions are Advanced solutions enable Basic / enabling solutions prerequisite to implement Smart Building solutions advanced solutions Open Standards in Standardized Security Buildings .“Standardized Security Systems Systems“ and Energy Distribution “Automation using Automation using weather Automation weather forecast“ are part forecast of the “Smart Building Communication network Solutions“ Electricity storage infrastructure .“Decentralized Energy Management“ is a Solar panels management solution through which all other solutions can be steered Decentralized Energy Management & controlled

Cumulated CO2 abatement potential in the energy & Explanation buildings infrastructure area .Total CO2 emission -42% saving potential = 10000 24.948 6.728 tons per year (42%) in tons Skanssi’s and Castle CO2/year Town’s combined 3.742 residential area 5 14.474 .Solar panels are the biggest lever and can save up to 6.7 tons .Through Smart Buildings we can save CO2 emissions of up to 3.7 tons in Skanssi and Castle Town Baseline Solar Smart Pred. Optimized panels Buildings autom. Baseline .Predictive automation has using only a very small impact, weather up to 5 tons of CO2 forecast savings possible per year

Situation of Energy in Turku Objectives of Energy in Turku .Only central Energy infrastructure for Power and .Optimization of property specific energy Heat available production .New bio mass based power plant in tender phase .Reduction of energy consumption . .Current waste-energy plant’s environmental .Reducing the carbon footprint of construction license is ending .Introduction of distributed energy sources .Distribution network does support future (solar, wind) in order to complement central investments on smart solutions energy production

Specific objectives of Energy in Skanssi & Castle Town .Utilization of smart energy network in properties/apartments .Focus on local energy production .Skanssi: Smart Distribution network to be developed (greenfield area) .Castle Town: Existing distribution network to be upgraded (ie. feeder automation, support of two way energy flow)

Case for action Description of solution

. Minimize energy losses, Enables . Black start capability for . Electricity-storage systems are able to act as a buffer in effective storage of distributed guaranteeing electrical power grids energy continuous power supply . The aim is to provide a buffer against short-term fluctuations . Peak Load Management, . Improvement of power quality in output from renewable energy sources. Such fluctuations Combining local energy . Black start capability for can last for seconds or several minutes long. production with central needs guaranteeing . As a result, there's no need to adjust controls at power management continuous power supply stations - a procedure that reduces efficiency and increases . Distributed energy with fluctuating . Optimizing tariffs and improve costs. supply, Improvement of System energy autonomy . Modern energy storage combines cutting-edge power Average Interruption Duration . e-Car Quick Charging electronics for grid applications and the latest high- Index (SAIDI) performance Li-Ion batteries. It provides power up to several Power system stability Mega Watts at capacities from 0.2 up to 2 MWh. The Output modular designs enables power and capacity to be adapted Prerequisites Overload to specific demands and ensures for the district a high availability and reliability. . Comprehensive energy Load Underload . Recommendation1): 1 device per district management system available . Cooperation with Skanssi shopping mall for certain periods . Distributed power generation possible done Time . The devices require a lot of space but can be placed . Intelligent network components Example: Placement in shopping center anywhere: Basement of buildings, subway stations, installed outside, etc. . Secure communication infrastructure set up

Source: Turku, Siemens expert estimation basing on reference in Kalasatama Helsinki © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 81 September 2013 Electricity storage for Skanssi & Castle Town at a glance

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential

. . Milestones Time Citizens . Question of device ownership: City, . . Seamless system, does not require end user participation Legal construction company, residents? ~ 1 year . . Safety / Insurance concept High system availability and power quality . > 6 months . Enabling storage of privately produced energy Financial . Pricing concept . Lower energy costs through more efficient energy usage . Maintenance concept . Battery choice (lifetime, capacity, …) . 3 months Technical . Location of devices . Safety concept rollout . 1 – 2 years Investors Pilot . Interdependency with DEM Implementationplan . New business models: Private storage, energy market, . Batteries have to be replaced . Continuously peak load management, etc City . Steady adaptation of set-up and number development . Energy storage may be used in co -operation with Fingrid of devices to energy roadmap Oyj by offering frequency regulation services

City administration Requirements / prerequisites . Enough space for devices required Geographical / . Supports large scale distributed energy production . Suitable location for devices needed spatial fit . Enables optimization of grid investments . Cooling system in devices are noisy, social acceptance required (acoustic

. fit) Cleaner environment Profile fit . In case of outside location, the devices have to optically fit into the district‘s . Less supply losses landscape (esthetic fit) . With the current generation of electricity storage it is not yet possible to . Improvement peak load handling Economical fit earn money => The city needs to be willing to subvention this solution

Rollout potential Technical fit . Without demand & supply deviations, there is no need for storage => peak loads necessary . As soon as the new generation of electricity storage devices and the Overall technological process increase the economical attractiveness, the rollout transferability potential will increase from a medium to a high level

Challenge for Energias de Portugal (EDP)

.First pilot project: Enel, an Italian electric utility company, uses the energy storage system for the efficient integration of photovoltaic power plants and for an e-vehicle charging station.

.Enel connected the first pilot system with a performance of 1 MVA (megavolt-ampere) and a capacity of 500 kWh to the medium-voltage grid. The company is Italy’s largest energy distributor.

.The energy storage system was successfully commissioned in February 2012 and is used to explore new smart grid solutions.

.Stored electrical energy is used for load regulation and voltage stabilization. .Furthermore, the system’s enables the start-up of the grid when the main supply is not available

Case for action Description of solution

. Solar panels generate electricity out . Equipping the districts with . Solar panels generate electricity out of sun light of sun light panels will make the . Solar panel = Packaged, connected assembly of photovoltaic . Solar panel = Packaged, connected residents decrease the cells residents dependency assembly of photovoltaic cells . The electricity produced can either be used for own from energy providers . The electricity produced can either consumption or it can be fed back into the energy grid . Affordable energy costs be used for own consumption or it . Potential location of panels: Roof tops, house walls, public are important to attract can be fed back into the energy grid transport stations various groups of . Potential location of panels: Roof . The energy output of solar panels relies on the quality of the tops, house walls, public transport residents and push green energy demand panels, the exposition to sunlight and the efficiency of the stations grid

. The exact location of panels is a critical success factor and Solar forest Prerequisites should be considered from an early phase of planning . Panels in the Turku region produce ~ 900 kWh/m² per year . Social acceptance of energy . Today‘s solutions show an efficiency factor of up to 20% solutions (e.g. panels at bus . New solutions show the potential to achieve much higher stations) factors: E.g. CPV (concentrated photovoltaic): Similar to a . Metering strategy for all loupe, sunlight is bundled before it hits the panels thus consumption and energy sources increasing the intensity of the light and the power generated . Energy reporting strategy => efficiency factor of ~ 40% Example:E-Car solar Placement charging in shopping center . Solar panels can be installed on every building with sunshine access . Public places (e.g. bus stop stations can also be equipped with panels) . Long term goal: 20,000 m² solar power plant on Skanssi‘s roofs, 37,500 m² in Castle Town

Source: Siemens experts, http://www.trendsderzukunft.de http://www.ornl.gov http://daybreakmagazine2.wordpress.com © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 85 September 2013 Impact evaluation – Residential – Solar panels

Potential earnings & energy production Assumptions € p.a. .8,000 residential inhabitants 6.000.000 Skanssi .15,000 residential inhabitants 4.000.000 Castle Town 2.000.000 .50m²/inhabitant 0 .1% of residential area would 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 be directly available used for solar panels from 2015 on Skanssi .Up to 5% to be implemented in Linnakaupunki the long run (starting in 2025, GWh p.a. Skanssi & Linnakaupunki 4 years rollout duration, 1% 60 increase per year) .Solar panels in Turku regions 40 create ~ 900 kWh/m² of 20 electricity per year .90 €/MWh energy price for 0 end consumer 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

Source: Turku Energy, Siemens (master thesis Sanna Pasens: “Comparing energy production options for a new district”), , Fortum, http://www.scanvac.net/2010/11/finland- launching-new-energy-performance-regulation-2012-and-era17-action-plan-for-2010-2017/ © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 86 September 2013 Impact evaluation – Residential – Solar panels

CAPEX & OPEX Assumptions

.1.150.000m² residential area € in Skanssi & Castle Town 1.200.000 .1% of residential area would 1.000.000 be directly available used for solar panels from 2015 on 800.000 .Up to 5% to be implemented in the long run (starting in 2025, 600.000 4 years rollout duration, 1% increase per year) 400.000 .CAPEX (today) ~ 100 €/m² 2) .OPEX (today) ~ 2.5 €/m² 2) 200.000 .CAPEX (from 2025 on) ~ 61 0 €/m² 2,3) 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 .OPEX (2025) ~ 1.5 €/m² per year 2,3) CAPEX (Skanssi + Linnakaupunki) . Life span of solar panels = 25 OPEX (Skanssi + Linnakaupunki) years 2)

Source: 1): Siemens Singapore Study 2): Prices & features today: ISC Konstanz 3) Prices in 2025: Near Zero,How Low Will Photovoltaic Prices Go? An Expert Discussion, Mason Inman, 6 December 2012 © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 87 September 2013 Impact evaluation CO2 - Residential

Annual CO2 abatement Assumptions

.Castle Town + Skanssi residential space = 1,150,000 m² -27% 24.948 .1% thereof used for panels in the short-term, 5% in the long run tons 2.340 CO2/year .Electricity consumption = 36,4 4.388 18.220 kWh/m² .Electricity emission = 130 gCO2/kWh .Heating consumption = 66 kWh/m² .Heating emission = 257 gCO2/kWh .Solar panels in Turku regions create ~ 900 kWh/m² of electricity per year .Zero emissions through solar panels Baseline Skanssi 5% Linnakaupunki Optimized .Implementation at 100% 5% Baseline

Source. Turku Energy, Siemens (master thesis Sanna Pasens: “Comparing energy production options for a new district”), , Fortum, http://www.scanvac.net/2010/11/finland- launching-new-energy-performance-regulation-2012-and-era17-action-plan-for-2010-2017/ © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 88 September 2013 Solar panels for Skanssi & Castle Town at a glance

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential

. . Milestones Time Citizens . N.a. . . Consumers become prosumers, thus having to buy less Legal N.a. energy from the providers . Subvention of panels by city to be clarified . . 12 months Financial New business models check (e.g. maintaining companies, degree of investor involvement, etc.) . Investors Maintaining concept . 6 months Technical . Operational safety concept . New business opportunities & business models emerge: . 1% 2015, 1% more pear year from 2025 on Installation, management as well as smart city services finishing in 2028 . Skanssi & Castle Town could serve as pilots for . 24 months Pilot (e.g. monitoring applications, automated maintenance) Implementationplan a city-wide rollout

. Adjustment of solutions to changing prices (e.g. . Annual check City strong increase of used solar panels in the development District coming decades) . Panels have to fit into the overall look of the . The sustainability character of Skanssi & Castle Town district becomes directly recognizable if the majority of roof-tops is . Adapting to new technology trends

transformed into a district wide solar energy plant Requirements / prerequisites . Exposition to sun is a critical success factor. Solar panels in Lapland, for Geographical / example, will produce less electricity spatial fit Society . The local society needs to accept the panels as part of the districts profile

. Cleaner environment (profiling acceptance) Profile fit . Panels have to optically fit into the overall district landscape (esthetic . Decreased dependency from fossil energy acceptance) . The community needs to be willing to make high initial investments . If solar panels in the two district are a pilot for a city-wide Economical fit rollout, the districts will be installed as green pioneers for

Rollout potential . Grid infrastructure needs to be ready the whole region Technical fit

. Nowadays, the rollout potential is medium. If energy prices rise in the future Overall and panels become cheaper, the rollout potential will become very high transferability

Solution approach in Helsinki ABB rooftop, Helsinki .In 2010, an 181 kilowatt (kW) solar power system was launched on the rooftop of ABB’s low voltage AC drives factory at Pitäjänmäki, in Helsinki. The electricity it generates is to be used for charging the batteries of the factory’s fork lift trucks, and for cutting energy consumption peaks at the factory.

.The electricity generated is equivalent to the annual energy consumption of about 30 residential homes (without electrical heating) and is fed directly to the grid within the factory for powering the battery chargers of the forklift trucks. Any excess electricity is Figures used by other loads within the factory grid .1,200 m² .181 kW .The project, which costs approximately 500,000 euros, is partly .160,000 kWh electricity funded by Finland’s Ministry of Employment and the Economy from generation per year its renewable energy system investment fund that invests in future .Equivalent to the and renewable technologies as part of its strategy to create new consumption of 30 technologies and jobs within these sectors. residential homes .Project costs ~500,000€

Case for action Description of solution

. Enables two way communication . Real Time Data Sharing . Effective data communication is a basic requirement for a . Fiber Optic communication . Two way communication Smart Grid and intelligent Energy solutions referable . Enabling the grid to . Smart Network infrastructure is a prerequisite of Smart Grid. . Current Standard technologies intercommunicate => . Installation of communication network infrastructure (fiber . Mixing of different technologies Smart Grid optic cabling and or wireless communication 2G, 3G, 4G shall be possible GSM Modems, intercommunicating ring main units) . Scaleable . Citizens will demand significant control over access to data . Easy access on data (ie. third party about their electricity usage, both to supply third-party service services) that they consider valuable and restrict other usage that they consider detrimental. . The ability of utilities to incorporate technological Skanssi illustration developments in electric grid systems and components on an Prerequisites ongoing basis will be critical to mitigating the data communications and cyber security challenges associated . Smart Grid Vision and Strategy with grid modernization. Development and selection . Distributed power generation processes for interoperability standards must strike a balance setup between allowing more rapid adoption of new technologies . Intelligent network components and enabling continuous innovation Data communications . Smart grid communication features: Two-way communication, Network Architecture, Communication media, Communication protocols, Communication Standards, Cyber Security, Accessibility

Benefits Implementation plan

. . Milestones Time Citizens . Ownership of communicational data . . Seamless, secure & fast communication network Legal . Data protection Several months infrastructure (internet, phone, etc.) . Cyber security concept

. N.a. . N.a. . Enables real time access, e.g. for Financial power consumption data . Choice of communication media . 12 months (fiber optic . Technical Cabling planning & rollout cabling) . Security, maintenance & service concept . 3 months (wireless) Investors / Businesses . N.a. . N.a. Pilot . State-of-the-art communication network improves the Implementationplan districts‘ attractiveness for IT companies (e.g. internet . Steady updating of communication network to . Whenever a new City the utmost standard technology emerges café) and startups development . Fiber optic: Higher investment but less changes . Improved cyber security required

City administration . The district is granted the opportunity for innovative offerings like free internet, outdoor internet, etc.

bidirectional energy flow generation / consumption in the LV grid

generation in the MV grid

smart meter e-car infrastructure energy regulated storage distribution transformer

Case for action Description of solution

. Short down time and high selectivity . Automatic supply voltage . Distribution Automation = Automated & intelligent control over the required management energy distribution network . Push sustainability to its next level . Fault localization . Nowadays, 3 different intelligence levels of energy distribution are by minimizing energy losses . Condition monitoring defined: . Combining local energy production . The first level just comprises of monitoring, required for example, with central needs management to achieve higher availability (SAIDI, CAIFI) or faster fault . Distributed energy with fluctuating localization supply . Apart from monitoring, the second level additionally offers the . Improvement of System Average possibility of remote control, thus minimizing the downtimes. Long Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) ways of the fault-clearing teams to often distant transformer substations are therefore a thing of the past . The third level provides the option of complete power-flow control Prerequisites by the secondary transformer substation. This refers, for example, to the activation of reactive-power compensation or the . Local regulators demand management of decentralized power supplies by actively triggering . Distributed power generation needs to be installed the inverters . Intelligent network components working . Totally new solution to be implemented in Skanssi (start from . Secure communication infrastructure in place scratch). In Castle Town this would be an upgrade, basic solution

Distribution kiosk is already existing. 500 kVA per distribution transformer; 15 – 25 Example: Placement in shopping center distribution transformers 1) . Possible focus areas: Automation units, voltage and current sensors, monitoring devices (temperature, etc), distribution transformer with voltage regulation, communication, security, . Distribution Automation system may be owned by Turku Energy. . System operation and maintenance may be outsourced for services provider

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential

. . Milestones Time Citizens / Businesses . Distance from residential buildings (noise) . . Increased reliability Legal . Fire safety concept Several months

. . Shorter outage times N.a. . N.a. Financial . Skanssi: First installation concept . Several months Operators Technical . Castle Town : Upgrade concept . Less maintenance required because of shorter outage . Maintenance concept (usually third party), easy access time => Higher customer satisfaction as well as lower . N.a. . N.a. Pilot maintenance costs Implementationplan . Location of ring main units (e.g. inside / outside) . Several weeks City . Alignment of planning and utility has to part of development City administration the implementation plan . Enables large scale distributed energy production . Longer audit intervals . Higher power quality Requirements / prerequisites . Room for ring main units required, either inside or outside of buildings . Increased safety Geographical / spatial fit . Outside location of transformers: Social acceptance required of the optical

fit into district landscape (esthetic fit) Profile fit . Inside location: Social acceptance of potential risk, e.g. fire, required (safety fit) . District needs to be able to bear initial investment costs Economical fit

Rollout potential . N.a. Technical fit

. High, all requirements can be easily met. Overall transferability

Challenge for Energias de Portugal (EDP) EDP RMU

.A major requirement on electricity supply systems is high supply reliability for the customer – which is mainly determined by the distribution network. Supply reliability is influenced by various technical and organizational factors, and typically quantified by criteria such as SAIDI and SAIFI. In general, customer and regulator expectations on supply reliability are steadily increasing. .Moreover, in liberalized markets, regulators typically require the utilities to report on the reliability performance, or define explicit performance targets – that are even penalized in case of violations.

Technical Details of Solution Approach Facts & Figures .Monitoring and controlling inside the Secondary Substation: Feeder control and monitoring (switchgear and alarms), Phase Short Circuit detection (Dedicated DO to eMic), earth fault detection (Dedicated DO to eMic), transformer .328 ring main units delivered in protection monitoring (Temperature, Pressure and Gases), door open and 2011 Intrusion Detection, general alarms (about five indications), measurement .334 ring main units delivered in acquisition through fault detection devices, communication in IEC 60870-5-104 2012 Protocol PID EDP Light, Backup Power Supply System with Battery supervision - Standby Time 5 hours with 3 full switching procedures within those 5 hours

…

Case for action Description of solution

. Optimize the electric through . Demand Response . With a decentralized energy management solution (DEM) optimized energy balance, energy Management you can network decentralized generating units in a smart storage, energy usage and reduced . Weather services and grid, control them centrally, and optimize their use both grid losses forecasts economically and ecologically . Optimize the energy mix exploiting the . Optimized use of energy . Through this solution, distributed power generating units can local reserves and sources storage. be combined to form a large-scale virtual power plant. The . Combination of local energy . Distributed energy with system uses all important information, such as weather production with central needs fluctuating supply forecasts, current electricity prices, and the energy demands. management required This data forms the basis for drawing up and monitoring a generally optimized dispatch plan . The solution is merely a management solution steering & Virtual power plant controlling other parts of the grid. Thus, the concrete Prerequisites characteristic of a DEM depend on the characteristics of the rest of the grid . Distributed power generation . Possible technical features: setup . Energy exchange, weather services, Virtual Power Plant, . Intelligent network components demand response, invoicing, etc. . Energy storage . DEM is either owned by Turku Energy or a third party . Secure Communication provider infrastructure . Thus, the solution would not be placed in the districts itself . Energy (consumer) market place . The solution is scalable but from a synergy standpoint a city- is required wide rollout would be the best solution

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential

. . Milestones Time Citizens . Question of ownership Public . . Households become able to sell their produced energy Legal tender for public ownership) 2-3 years power . Taxation . Business case check for owner . Starting after . Enabled demand response Financial . Pricing completion of legal . Insurance issues: 6-12 months . Decreased energy costs through optimized energy use . Location and control of DEM . 3 months (basic Technical . Scale clarification), 3 months . Functionalities (technical clarification) Investors Pilot . Early start with first houses . 3 years . New business opportunities due to the value chain Implementationplan . Integration of new energy sources… . Continuously changes => E.g. enabling start-ups to participate in the City energy business development . Provider access to new business model

City administration Requirements / prerequisites . Size of district (if it‘s too small, it might not cover the costs. If it‘s too big, it . Geographical / Cleaner Environment might not be able to cope with the complexity) . spatial fit Less CO2 emissions . N.a.

. Optimized & supported of distributed energy => Pushing Profile fit the districts sustainability image forward . Investment and operating costs have to covered Economical fit . Energy demand needs to be at a level that makes the solution economical attractive

Rollout potential Technical fit . Required technical infrastructure has to be installed in advance

. High. Spatial and economical requirements will rarely be a deal breaker for Overall modern districts transferability

Challenge for utility company Munich, Germany Hydro Power Plant

.Munich city utilities owns several distributed energy production facilities .Without a central management tool, a lot of the produced distributed energy was either wasted or overloaded the grid

Solution approach in Munich, Germany Facts & Figures .Munich city utilities is using a Siemens “distributed energy management” system called DEMS, which makes note of weather forecasts, current .Total Capacity of 20MW electricity prices, and demand, and then plans production accordingly. A windy .12 small scale plants, 5 hydro forecast, for instance, would cue more reliance on the wind farm. stations, 1 wind farm and 6 unit .The calculated deployment schedule consequently minimizes the costs of type cogenerating stations. generation and operations the interconnected plants making up the virtual

power station

.The system makes use of software in communications technologies that connect the 12 plants, including LAN, WAN, GPRS and ISDN.

Source: Siemens & Stadtwerke München: http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/intelligent-energy/munich-smart-grid-for-smart-city/14802 © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 101 September 2013 Smart Buildings Buildings, Skanssi & Castle Town

Situation of Buildings in Turku Objectives of Buildings in Turku .All buildings have different building management systems .Energy saving of 9% 2016 (baseline 2005) (BMS) .Lifecycle cost reduction .BMS systems are currently not able to intercommunicate .More efficiency in building services .Need for trained user for every single system .Outsourcing in building services is required .Buildings have different security systems, currently without any interaction

Specific objectives about the buildings in Skanssi & Castle Town .Ca. 8000 residents planned in Skanssi, ca. 15,000 residents planned in Castle Town .Building infrastructure to be build from scratch in Skanssi (only shopping center currently existing), existing buildings to be upgraded in Castle Town .Around 10% of the permitted building volume of the residential blocks of the area should allow working places and services .The demands of smart services and commerce are considered in the buildings .Reduction of energy consumption (about 80% low-energy houses 65 kWh/m2/a or passive houses 15 kWh/m2/a) .Utilization of smart energy network in properties/apartments

Case for action Description of solution

. Each inhabitant can influence, monitor & optimize to their energy . Installation of building infrastructure that is able to consumption and circumstance communicate with and execute on command of the user . Save energy through individual optimization . On the other hand, “Smart Buildings“ can also be steered . Control your home through devices like smart phones, tablets from a defined centre, e.g. in case of emergency . Possible capabilities of an exemplary „“Smart Building“ solution: Room Optical Control for comfort and energy efficiency in the room (Cross-discipline, intelligently linked efficiency function; automatic detection of unnecessary energy usage in the room; notifies room user of inefficiency) . Can potentially be implemented in all of Skanssi‘s & Castle Town’s buildings Integrated building . Open standards required Prerequisites operation

. Guidelines for building technical planers have to be ready in Security advance Centre . Large recreation areas . Complete & fast internet access . Open standards Smart Buildings

Security Centre

Potential earnings Assumptions

.8,000 residents Skanssi €/p.a. .15,000 residents Castle Town 1.077.435 .50m² per resident 1.000.000 .Electricity cost (per year) = 90€/MWh 718.290 .Electricity consumption = 36,4 kWh/m² .Heating costs (per year) = 45 €/MWh .Heating consumption = 66 kWh/m² time .Experts estimates savings of 10 - 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 15% through smart buildings solutions (studies showed savings of up to 20% for electricity and up Skanssi + Castle Town 10% to 25% for heating) Skanssi + Castle Town 15% .Starting in 2020, implementation at 100% in 2035

Source. TU Munich, Turku Energy, Siemens (master thesis Sanna Pasens: “Comparing energy production options for a new district”), Fortum, http://www.scanvac.net/2010/11/finland-launching-new-energy-performance-regulation-2012-and-era17-action-plan-for-2010-2017/ © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 105 September 2013 Impact evaluation – Residential

CO2 savings (tons per year) Assumptions

.Castle Town + Skanssi residential space = 1,150,000 -10% -15% m² .Electricity consumption = 36,4 24.948 24.948 kWh/m² 2.495 22.453 3.742 21.206 .Electricity emission = 130 gCO2/kWh Baseline .Heating consumption = 66 10% savings kWh/m² Optimized Baseline .Heating emission = 257 gCO2/kWh .Calculation based on 10% as well as on 15% saving .CO2 savings are calculated at a 100% implementation level (year 2035 and later)

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential

. . Milestones Time Citizens . N.a. . . Increased comfort due to automated & individualized room Legal N.a. settings (heating, cooling, air regulation, etc.) . N.a. . N.a. . Saving energy cost through intelligent automated systems Financial

. Open standards need to be implemented . 12 months Technical . Internet connection available Businesses . Maintenance concept defined . Smart Buildings as an enabler of Smart Service Business Pilot . Already done: Derby project . 12 months in the districts Implementationplan . . N.a. . N.a. Lower energy costs for businesses City . Smart Building solutions might attract IT related business development & employees

City district administration Requirements / prerequisites . Possible in buildings of any size . CO2 abatement through lower energy consumption, Geographical / e.g. intelligent use of sunlight spatial fit . Overall fit to city & district development plan

. Smart Building solutions might attract IT related business . Target group fit: Not every resident strives for innovative buildings and Profile fit & employees rooms and is thus willing to bear the costs . Smart, communicating and self regulating buildings . More expensive than standard solution Economical fit highlight the districts relevance as innovative lighthouse projects Rollout potential Technical fit . Standardized Automation required

. Rollout potential medium because of the technical and economical Overall prerequisites transferability

Situation & solution in case study ZVEI1)

.One big office building planned with construction costs of 14 million € .High operating costs of 2 million €/year .By increasing the construction costs by 0.5 million €, from 14 to 14.5 million, smart building solutions (SBS) where implemented .Through these smart building solutions the OPEX decreases by 10%

Cost overview with & without SBS Business case .Lifecycle costs without SBS 0,5 = 14 mio. (construction) + 20 years * 2 mio €/year (OPEX) without SBS 14,0 = 54mio.€ with SBS 0,2 .Lifecycle costs with SBS = 1,8 14 mio. (construction) + 20 construction costs operating costs years * 2 mio €/year (OPEX) (per year) = 50.5mio.€

Source: ZVEI = Zentralverband Elekrotechnik- und Elektronikindustrie e.V. - Central association for electrical engineering and electronic industry © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 108 September 2013 Predictive automation using weather forecast Buildings, Skanssi & Castle Town

•Temperature •Cloudiness % •Rain probability % •Rain “condition” •Cumulative rain amount (h) •Wind direction •Wind “power” •Relative humidity •Sun emission (w/m2)

FTP Server Building weather forecasts Management (Foreca etc) System

Case for action Description of solution

. Sensing, forecasting & self-optimizing buildings represent a new . Building Management Systems gather weather forecast data generation of building automation from a public provider via internet and then distribute this . Buildings become self-adapting to short-term weather fluctuations as information to the different building automation devices well as to long-term climatic change . Typical applications are: . Reduction of energy consumption through improved planning by using . Night cooling, heating optimization, cooling and heating weather forecast demand calculation (for the next day), blinds and sunshades control, car ramp heating and: . Pedestrian area heating in winter: If the snow fall has already begun, it is too late to start heating pedestrian areas, and it takes much more energy to melt snow than if the street temperature was high enough when the snow fall started. To Integrated operation avoid this problem, it is possible to use weather forecasts to Prerequisites start heating earlier, so that when snow begins to fall, it melts immediately. Correspondingly, it is possible to stop heating . Heating tubes have to be earlier if the end of snow fall is known in advance installed, e.g. at ramps and . Open Standards required pedestrian areas . All systems are integrated e.g. via BACnet together . Control system has to be installed . Public provider (e.g. Foreca) delivers data for BMS . Reliable data has to be available (e.g. Foreca) . Add-on for solutions that depend on outside weather conditions . Guidelines for building technical planers have to be ready in . For all buildings, where cooling and heating systems are advance installed . Complete & fast internet access . For outside areas with lots of pedestrians

Potential earnings Assumptions

€/p.a. .In the South of Finland, the total operating time of the outdoor heating 2.000 systems is about 1,000 hours a year .The system can be heated by district 1.500 heat or electricity and a thermal effect of 300 W/m² is enough to keep the surface 1.000 of the road free of snow until an outdoor temperature of -13 °C. 500 .The reduction potential of weather forecast control amounts to 10 to 15 % time through optimizing start/stop commands and heating temperature (Siemens tests 2030 2035 2040 2045 with TABS-control in Germany). .Total street area Skanssi + Castle Town 10% savings on electricity heating = 391m² 15% savings on electricity heating .Heating price for city = 0,02€/kWh, 10% savings on district heating electricity price for city = 0,11€/kWh 15% savings on district heating

Source: Siemens Helsinki Study 2012

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential

. . Milestones Time Citizens . N.a. . . Increased comfort because of optimized hooting & cooling Legal N.a. regulation . For some pilots (e.g. pedestrian areas), an . 6 months . Increase security e.g. on the pedestrian areas via pathway Financial insurance concept might be necessary

heating . Can be implemented before as well as after . building construction is completed 12 months . Lowered energy costs Technical . Location of solutions (which pathways/ buildings, etc.) . Totally new solution Pilot . 24 months Implementationplan . Different pilots required for winter and Businesses summer . Lowered operating costs through energy savings . Reconfiguration every year . 12 months City . When isolation of buildings improve, this . New business models: Setting optimizing applications, etc. development solution will help to decrease cooling costs – even to a larger amount than heating City / district administration . Districts will become weather- seizing, self-regulating Requirements / prerequisites . All outside areas, where heating is used nowadays (auto ramps, Geographical / External: and innovative, creating a positive image as sustainable pedestrian areas etc) spatial fit districts . Suitable for countries with climate deviations between seasons . Internal: Suitable for all buildings using heating & cooling

. The utilization of weather and climate changes leads to a Profile fit . Overall fit to city & district development plan decreased total energy consumption and thus protecting . Everywhere, where peak demand limiting is required the environment: CO2 savings: 1.5 – 4.5 tons depending . Additional costs have to be covered on assumptions Economical fit

Rollout potential Technical fit . Basic solutions are already available

. Rollout potential is high as there are no big or problematic requirements to Overall be fulfilled. Weather forecast information in automation can basically be transferability used anywhere

Solution approach in Ylivieska, Finland Pilot Building

.In March 2010 weather-forecasting solutions was implemented in an 8 floor building which has 50 flats in Ylivieska city region, Finland.

.Pilot saved 47,4 MWh (2760€) in one year

.In future for energy optimization is necessary to incorporate weather forecast to building management system (BMS system) to control different energy saving functions witch are dependent of weather conditions, e.g. temperature, rain, humidity wind direction etc.

.Several institutions provide forecast data to the customers which can be obtained using FTP technology. These data are usually in the .csv data format and include data for several days.

Total Building Solution

Security management Building management

Fire Intrusion Access Video Time Eva- Scanning Venti- Heating AC Light Water Power cuation lation

Case for action Description of solution

. Standardized & communicating . Communicating security . The integration of traditional security disciplines – access security devices enable many smart systems push security as control, intrusion detection and video surveillance with fire service applications like remote- well as a general safety safety and building automation systems –gives operators the control, automated security, feeling to a new level while benefits of continuous situational awareness along with interaction with neighbor security, etc. reducing the stress level of centralized management and alarm handling. Such security . Lifetime for standardized automation emergencies through management solutions can already help prevent crime, is very long and guarantees future optimized guidance accidents or attack, detect and warn of any dangers before compatibility they occur, and enable staff and external agencies to communicate effectively to deal with any incident or potential threat. Or simply ensure that things run smoothly and safely. . To be implemented inside of buildings

Option 1 . Special security systems needed for public places (school, Prerequisites etc.) . Functional descriptions of different systems have to be . Guidelines for building technical written as a guideline planers have to be ready in advance . Cameras outside will not be accepted by the community, they might be in commercial/business areas outside (e.g. harbor area) – Option 2 common practice nowadays . Complete & fast internet access Skanssi

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential

Citizens . . Milestones Time

. Improving overall security level Implementation . Systems get implemented at the end of the . during construction phase – when cabling is done in More comfortable security construction entire building

Implementation . Systems can also be implemented in existing . < 3 months Construction companies after buildings with “not-yet standardized” solutions. construction Guidelines and descriptions have to be ready . Lower life cycle cost in advance. . . Regular maintenance Less fault alarms City . Every year Implementationplan . Improving overall security level development

Businesses . New business models: Se-curity center in districts, re-mote security center, security applications etc. Requirements / prerequisites

. N.a. Geographical / City / district administration spatial fit . . Social acceptance of the planned level of surveillance required (supervision

Lower life cycle cost Profile fit fit) . Improving overall security level . Security needs to be a worthy investment for society Economical fit

. Investment and operating costs have to covered Rollout potential Technical fit . Energy demand needs to be at a level that makes the solution economical attractive . Rollout potential is high, no problematic requirements to be expected for a Overall rollout of standardized security transferability

Challenge Derby, Helsinki

.Maximize security level in order to protect the property and create a safe working environment .Reduce building lifecycle cost .Pilot for Siemens security solution

Solution approach in Business Park Derby Facts & Figures

.500 people working in new building as of August 2013 .Integrated systems for fire safety & security

.Same systems and products to be used in the future in all Siemens .7 level building premises around Finland

.Easy to handle and maintain .Full standardized security systems implemented

Source: Siemens

Case for action Description of solution

. New solutions are compatible to existing systems . Open communication standards and interfaces enable the . Infrastructure is future ready and easy to upgrade integration of a wide choice of different building control . Enabling more innovative and state-of-the art solutions to be disciplines like heating, ventilation, air conditioning implemented in the future applications, lights and blinds, up to fire and safety systems and equipment. . Lifetime for standardized automation is very long and guarantees future compatibility . Thus, independency from suppliers and future developments is gained. . Enabling energy efficient solutions . Moreover, open Standards enable Smart Services and modern building solutions . Standards have to be part of the technical descriptions of buildings systems Prerequisites . Possible open Standards: BACNET, KNX, Modbus BACnet . This solution should be implemented in every building to . Guidelines for building technical enable smart service, smart grid & smart building solutions planers have to be ready in and to make the buildings future-ready advance . European Norm 15232 recommends this solution in order to . Integrated involvement of different achieve the highest sustainability classification of buildings stakeholders involved in planning (class A) . Complete & fast internet access . Working cyber security concept

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential

. . Milestones Time Citizens . N.a. . . Future-proofing their system will increase the security of Legal N.a. investment, with reduced cost of ownership - through . N.a. . N.a. simplified installation and lower integration costs Financial

. . 1 week - 2 months Technical Open standards have to be Manufacturers / Software vendors implemented in construction phase . Interoperability with other manufacturers’ products - . Done (Skanssi shopping center) Pilot . Pilot for residential buildings remains to be . 12 months without loss of their own brand identity - and extended Implementationplan done market opportunities . City district requirements have to be . 3 months City defined . Lower development costs as well as increased market development . Engineering guidelines and interest descriptions have to be written

House owners / construction companies Requirements / prerequisites . . N.a. Installing state-of-the art solutions makes the buildings Geographical / more attractive to potential buyers spatial fit

. Social acceptance of the planned level of surveillance required (supervision Profile fit fit) City / district administration . Security needs to be a worthy investment for society . Open standards allow steady updating the buildings Economical fit solutions to the utmost and modern level. This will . Investment and operating costs have to covered

push Skanssi’s image as a leading innovative district. Rollout potential Technical fit . Energy demand needs to be at a level that makes the solution economical attractive . Rollout potential is high, no problematic requirements to be expected for a Overall rollout of standardized security transferability

Initial situation & challenge

.The city of Lappeenranta used to have 5 different building management systems in its buildings infrastructure .For every single system, people needed to be trained and dedicated .Maintenance used to be difficult for all the different systems .Moreover, the systems were operating ineffective

Solution approach in Lapeenranta Lappeenranta

.More than 55 public buildings connected to one Management Station via BACnet

Benefits: .Reduction of dedicated training . Reduction of maintenance costs . Energy savings due to better overview of consumptions . Comfort increase

Chapter Content Page

Skanssi & Castle Town 1 • Status quo and goals 58 - 71 • KPI systems to monitor and control

2 Smart Buildings in Smart Grids – The backbone of sustainability 72 - 121

Mobility & Logistics – Connectivity and sustainable 3 122 - 160 on-site transport

4 Social Issues 161 - 190

5 Smart City Services 191 - 203

6 Implementation 204 - 210

Passenger travel process . The chosen Last mile solutions offer Trip Level of First mile On board & post planning applicability value for both journey operator and passenger along Integrated Mobility Platform (IMP) . City level their specific Car sharing . District level . Cross district travel chain Park & charge level . The travel chain E-Buses solution . City level indirectly Bike sharing . District level benefits the passenger and Operator planning & operations process directly benefits the transport Strategic & Operation Maintena long term al Transport operator. nce planning planning . City level . . District level All other mobility Travel chain . Cross district solutions directly level benefits the passengers and Mobility Solutions residents.

Mobility Solutions Explanation . The single solutions resemble . accessible state-of-the-art technology, but Bike sharing . sustainable Skanssi . all-age all-age-oriented the combination of them with integrated PT orientation respect to the districts‘ profiles . accessible makes them sustainable. Car sharing . sustainable green transport accessible . All the solutions have been . integrated modern design innovative chosen to their high fit to the sustainable . Sustainable districts‘ profile characteristics Park & charge . accessible and the requirements of the . integrated Castle Town future residents.

cycling lanes . Sustainable E-buses . accessible integrated PT orientation . modern viivd accessible modern design innovative Transport flows . Sustainable City Travel chains . accessible sustainable . integrated District 1 City connection

2 Within district transport 3 (inter-)regional access

Source: City of Turku, expert opinions © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 124 September 2013 The mobility solutions show a potential of decreasing residential CO2 emissions by 69%

Cumulated CO abatement potential in the mobility 2 Explanation infrastructure area

. Total CO2 emission saving potential = 8.600 t /yr -69% (69%) in Skanssi’s & 1000 12.400 Linnakaupun-ki’s combined tons residential area CO / 2 . Park & charge is the year 5.660 biggest lever & can save up to 5.600t 217 760 . For both the park & charge 14 3.812 & the travel chains solution 1.377 560 only abatement due to technological innovation has been calculated. Baseline Park & E-Car Bike E-Buses Travel IMP Optimized . For the remaining solutions charge sharing sharing chains baseline abatement due to technolo-gical innovation and modal shift has been calculated. . Interdependencies were not taken into account.

Adjusted cumulated CO abatement potential in the 2 Explanation mobility infrastructure area

. Total CO2 emission saving potential = 7.138 t /yr -58% (58%) in Skanssi’s & 1000 12.400 Linnakaupun-ki’s combined tons residential area CO / 2 . Adjustment rate is 17% to year 7.138 mitigate overlaps and interdependencies. 5.262

Baseline Adjusted cumulated Optimized baseline savings potential

Situation of mobility in Turku Objectives of mobility in Turku . 453 cars / 1000 persons, close to average in Finnish . Make public transport more green and sustainable cities. . Reduce CO2 emissions . Plans to build underground parking facilities in the . Minimization of the carbon footprint in all activities center, time consuming decision process. . Environmentally friendly transport solutions . Provide attractive and comfortable means of transport

Specific objectives of Mobility & Logistics for Skanssi . The parking areas may not control the city space & the area should be preserved from the drive-through traffic of private cars. . Smart, ICT based solutions for consumers and transport control . Building 25% less parking spaces than in comparable areas, i.e. 25% less than 0.5 parking spaces per household . Possibilities for charging of electric cars are paid attention to . Noise values of outdoor and indoor spaces should not exceed the regulations

Case for action Description of solution

. Skanssi needs an intelligent concept . To optimize mobility . The Park & Charge concept can be built as public, semi- for e-car parking & charging to solutions the charging public or private system provide accessibility of district from costs could be integrated . Public: Open space, charging poles with card/phone payment outside and within to parking costs, or free use. Semi-Public: Restricted access to space either . Fits in to the expectations of low individuals home electricity by key or payment system ( for example mall or office emission of CO2 and noise values bill, subsidized by parking). Free usage of poles or card/phone payment. . Noise reduction, environmentally community etc. Private: Inhabitants own only yard or private access lots, friendly, green attitude. charging systems connected to house electricity systems. As the close by area has shops, mall, offices, homes, all 3 solutions are possible. . Encourages not only pure eCars but also hybrid charging. . Dynamic displays inform about the parking situation at the Prerequisites charging poles. This means: decrease and less waste of time of searching for a parking space steady occupancy of . Sufficient funds charging poles. . Need to plan the electricity grid to support the charging. . Moreover, parking space management and parking tariffs can . Space for the charging poles – In 2020s, the estimated share of hybrid be used to steer traffic flows in the desired way. When com- and eCars is 50-80% of all vehicles bined with parking guidance systems, an even stronger effect . Accepted and favoured by citizens – One of Skanssi´s visible can be achieved. differentiators as a modern district? . Application for charging management for the local energy company ( roaming, invoicing) plans underway in Finland. . Smartphone applications to show and reserve vacant charging points ( some available already) . 3 charger types: Home charging AC 4-10Kw, 8h full battery, Routine charging AC 20kw, 2h full battery, Quick charging DC 50Kw, 15-30min full battery

Source: Siemens; Electric traffic Finland initiative © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 129 September 2013 Impact evaluation (only taking into account the invest due to charging not due to parking guidance)

CAPEX & OPEX Assumptions

Capex - Linnakaupunki . Cars per inhabitant: 0,459 Capex - Skanssi . Thereof e-cars & hybrids: 80%, Opex which is 5.508 cars in Linnaka- 138 138 138 138 140 140 upunki & 2.938 cars in Skanssi 120 . Home charging 80%, public 74 74 74 74 65 70 70 charging: 20% 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . Public charging: 3 cars per unit = 367 units in Castle Town, 195

2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 units in Skanssi . 5000€/public charging . 1000€/ home charging, but in- Benefits vestments for home charging in million €: 8.5 mil. neglectable due to private investments . Savings on individuals fuel costs . Investments for public charging . Environmentally friendly traffic in million €: 1,84 + 0,98 to be . Supporting the smart grid, an energy reserve / storage stretched over 4 years . Independent from crude oil prices . OPEX: 0,5 FTE for . Managed traffic flows in the CBD and around administration & maintenance

Annual CO2 abatement Assumptions

. Traffic CO2 emissions in Turku in 2035 will be 128.000t CO /yr -46% 2 under the constraint that every 12.400 citizen has the same travel pattern regardless their age. 3.690 . Baseline of Castle Town & Skanssi is then 12.400tCO2/yr for 15.000 + 8.000 residents 1.970 6.740 . Travel pattern in the districts is similar to the whole of Turku. . Thus, we will have an optimized baseline of 6.740 t CO2 emissions in Castle Town and Skanssi

Baseline (tCO2/a) Saving potential Saving potential Optimized (tCO2/a) in (tCO2/a) in baseline (tCO2/a) Linnakaupunki Skanssi

Source: Turku Light Rail Impact Study; http://www.ltaacademy.gov.sg/doc/IS02-p23%20Bike-sharing.pdf © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 131 September 2013 Park & charge for Skanssi & Castle Town at a glance

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential Overall time frame: City . . Milestones Time 12-18 months . Public tender . . The park & charge system sup-ports electricity as energy Legal . System ownership 9 months . Invoicing the electric charging, a country wide initiative exists for vehicles, reduces CO2 emissions & can be payment . 4 months . Financing model: Energy companies, shopping center, offices, city wise connected to public transportation. Financial . Management system, local energy company to decide joining to country wide roaming system? . Best practices, winter conditions etc . 3 months Technical . Detail concept Citizens . Maintenance responsibilities . Detailed management system requirements . Reduces transportation energy costs. . 2-5 charging poles . 3 months Pilot . Creates the opportunities for more environmentally friendly Implementationplan . First phase: Free usage . Available Management system tests lifestyle . Electric grid planning City . 2 months . Evaluation of amount of parking spaces development . Management system requirements, info from country wide EMO initiative to local energy company Environment

. Emissions are reduced, fossil-based resources are protected, also supporting the country wide initiative of Requirements / prerequisites . Sufficient space to set up the charging systems reducing oil dependency in energy. Geographical / . Plan for cables to be placed in advance spatial fit . Fits to reduction of traffic and emissions. Electric network Profile fit . Target group: all private car owners . Cars can be used as reserve energy (batteries) . Required market / district size: all sizes ok . More stability in the network Economical fit . GDP per capita required:?

. Required complementary systems / support: maintenance and system Rollout potential Technical fit monitoring . Availability of electric grid . Rollout potential is high. Existing and developing technology, local planning Overall (Finland) skills available, project funding possibilities, support from transferability technology providers, positively visible case with limited costs to start piloting.

Objectives Details . In addition to including environmental concern in general travel policy and promoting use of public transport, UiO is promoting the use of electric cars. . Blindern . The charging stations are a contribution to environmental protection efforts. The service is . 14 charging poles meant to reach as many owners of electric cars as possible. We encourage users of these . Gaustad & Sendrum stations to only use them as necessary. . 8 charging poles . Private use: priority, reserved and free parking at several locations charging at no cost. General policy: if you need a parking place it will be arranged.

Solution approach Picture . The University has several charging stations for electric cars. Students and employees can use these free of charge. . The charging stations are locked. You get the key for the outlet by contacting the Technical Department's operations office for the area to which the parking spot belongs. You must show your student or employee card and sign for the key. The spots display signs marking them as "Reserved parking for electric cars being charged".

. …

. The spots can only be used by plated electric cars that are being charged. They are not meant to be reserved parking for electric cars. Any other parking is subject to the regular inspection fee. It is a prerequisite that the vehicle has a valid parking permit for UiO. UiO is making available a park of 5 electric cars for all students and employees through collaboration with a private service provider. Easy access online booking system, Taking care of reserva-tions and necessary documentation in a single-visit system. Job-related use will be charged employer directly and automatically. Private use is possible and will be charged by the hour or day directly by the company. Electric vehicles are in use within the park department. Test trials of electric lawn-mover robots is an ongoing project.

Source: http://sahkoinenliikenne.fi/latauspisteet/, http://www.uio.no/english/for-employees/operational/transport/charging-stations/ © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 133 September 2013 E-car sharing Mobility & Logistics, Skanssi & Castle Town

Situation of mobility in Turku Objectives of mobility in Turku . 453 cars / 1000 persons, close to average in Finnish . Lifespan thinking as part of all cost assessing. cities. . Minimization of the carbon footprint in all activities . Car sharing ”kimppakyyti” has for some years been of . Minimizing the energy consumption of the regional interest among students, but no large scale constant or technology stable offering base exists. . Environmentally friendly transport solutions

Specific objectives of Mobility & Logistics for Skanssi & Castle Town . Car ownership 25% below the average (cf. Freiburg -33%, Rieselfeld -40% & Vauban -65% less than in Turku curr.) . Car sharing models & minimizing the need for a second car . Use of private cars, transport percentage <40% of the journeys (currently in the Turku city region intensive public transport zone is 46,9%, in Helsinki transport percentage of cars is 40%) . Enhancing the attractiveness of other forms of transport . Car transport within the area is restricted in terms of speed limits and drive-through . Accessibility of other forms of transport easier than of parking spaces . Parking spaces are not included in the price of a house . Building 25% less parking spaces than in comparable areas

Case for action Description of solution

. Location fit for the purpose, close to public transport, mall, walking . It is a model of car rental where people rent e-cars for short distance from homes. Wrong location destroys the case. periods of time, often by the hour, on a self service basis. . Fits into the expectations of reducing amount of cars/inha-bitant. They are attractive to customers who make only occasional Supports better use of capacity, pay as you use, not for owning the use of a vehicle, as well as others who would like occasional vehicle access to a vehicle of a different type than they use day-to- . To optimize the solutions the car sharing reservations and payments day. It is a complement to existing PT systems by providing should be integra-ted to monthly payments like public transport or the first or last leg of a journey, with integrated ticketing electricity. Also point sales needs to be managed, vending machines, solutions. Cars are reserved via a Internet based system smart phone payment etc. where vacant cars and their charging level are seen. Payments / use or monthly. . Connected to Integrated Mobility Platform (IMP) idea . The car sharing concept can be built by giving some

advantages like free parking, use of bus lanes, free charging Prerequisites etc. . Encourages to not purchase a 2nd car and gives savings for . Location planning, both within and around the district families. Shared cars should be eCars and/or hybrids. . Terms and conditions of the car sharing, local business Environmentally friendly, green attitude. . The role of the city – Car provider? Maintenance? . City provides facilities (space, charging infra, basic security) . Defining the entrepreneur & business model. Business case for the . 23.000 inhabitants in Skanssi & Castle Town local population to gain support. City's own use in their transportation . 2% will use car sharing: 430 users needs. . car-to-user ratio: 6%; 30 cars . Commitment to keep the vehicles and spaces clean and tempting for . 10 stations users. . 50 charging poles . replacement of cars to be approx. 231

CAPEX & OPEX Assumptions

Capex - Linnakaupunki . 15.000 & 8.000 residents, 2% Capex - Skanssi will be using the system Opex . no. of eCars needed: 31 261 261 261 261 261 261 261 261 261 261 261 261 261 261 261 261 . no. of charging poles: 51 192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192 192 . no. of pick-up stations: 10

60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 . Invest stretched over 4 years, but nevertheless ongoing due to short life span of shared cars 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040

Potential earnings Assumptions

800 . No. of users: 483 700 . Membership fee 50€ p.a. 600 . Ramp up of membership (25%, 500 50%, 75%, 100%) until a total 400 300 of 483 will be reached in 2037 200 . 450.000 km driven per year 100 . Earnings per km € 1,13 0 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040

Annual CO2 abatement Assumptions

. Traffic CO emissions in Turku in -2% 2 2035 will be 128.000t CO2 /yr 12.400 12.184 under the constraint that every 141 75 citizen has the same travel pattern regardless their age. . Baseline of Castle Town & Skanssi is then 12.400tCO2/yr for 15.000 + 8.000 residents . Travel pattern in the districts is similar to the whole of Turku. . 231 cars will be replaced in the districts . Car sharing leads to a reduced mileage for its users of an avg. of 20% Baseline (tCO2/a) Saving potential Saving potential Optimized . Thus, we will have an optimized (tCO2/a) in (tCO2/a) in baseline (tCO2/a) baseline of 12.184 t CO2 Linnakaupunki Skanssi emissions in Castle Town and Skanssi

Source: Turku Light Rail Impact Study; http://www.ltaacademy.gov.sg/doc/IS02-p23%20Bike-sharing.pdf © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 138 September 2013 E-car sharing for Skanssi & Castle Town at a glance

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential Overall time frame: 8-12 months . . Milestones Time Citizens . Should there be similar to taxi permissions? . . The car sharing system enables road-users to cover short Legal . Public tender? 12 months distances easily while using public transpor-tation and can

. Financing model, charge per time, or fixed monthly . 3 months also be linked to traf-fic information and control systems. Financial

. Cost of a 2nd car can be used to other investments . Fine tuning the car types, based on customer needs, rough . technical concept (# of cars, car models, parking stations) 3 months Technical . Detailed concept (maintenance, prices, …) . 10 cars (2-3 models) Investors . City promoting by encouraging employees to use . 6 months Pilot . Feasible business opportunities with high paybacks due to Implementationplan . Testing with a university, other education institutions . First phase: Free usage, second phase: Priced usage an oligopolistic market structure . Adjustment of solutions to changing prices (e.g. Ensuring . 12 months City facilities development . Setting technical requirements ( emission level etc) Environment . No. of cars & emissions are reduced. . Fossils are protected & traffic flows & the use of Requirements / prerequisites . Sufficient space to set up the charging systems infrastructure & means of transport for people & goods are Geographical / optimized in a cost-effective way. spatial fit

. Overall fit to city & district development plan

Profile fit . Target group: all private car owners City / district administration . Required market / district size: all sizes ok . Less parking places needed Economical fit . GDP per capita required:? . City image is improved . Required complementary systems / support: maintenance and system . Higher share for PT Rollout potential Technical fit monitoring . Availability of electric grid . Rollout potential is high. Existing and developing technology, local planning Overall ( Finland) skills available, project funding possibilities, support from transferability technology providers, positively visible case with limited costs to start piloting.

Objectives Map of available cars

. Providing new options to the growing number of urban consumers interested in transportation alternatives and/or environmentally friendlier lifestyles . Reducing the amount of cars and time spent on searching for parking spaces . Developing a flexible and high quality car sharing system to attract the potential residents to actually use the service . Promoting an alternative replacement for little-used and inefficient vehicles

Solution approach

. BMW Group and the car rental company Sixt AG bundled their car sharing activities in the DriveNow joint venture. . The modern mobility concept combines high-quality vehicles and service with simple and flexible usage. In Germany, vehicles can be picked up and dropped off wherever the customer needs them, and thus the system is not dependant on fixed car hire stations. Customers can Facts & Figures find available vehicles via Internet, a smart phone application or simply at the roadside. Booking may be done in advance or cars can be used spontaneously without prior reservation. A conventional car key is not necessary as vehicles are opened with a chip on the driving . Since initial launching in Munich in license. The concept started off in Munich with 300 cars to ensure that customers usually have June 2011, the concept has taken no more than 500 meters to walk to the nearest available vehicle. root in four German cities and San . Customers pay a base fee for the first 30min of usage, followed by a per minute rate (starting Francisco, USA at 0.24€ in Germany) for every minute afterwards. Rates are discounted for parked car, multi- . As of December 2012, DriveNow hour and daily usage. The rates are all-inclusive and cover rental, gas, insurance, parking and operates over 1,000 vehicles which maintenance costs. There is also a one-time registration fee of 29€. serve over 60,000 customers . Offering of a variety of BMW group vehicles – gasoline and electric in Germany, in San . The business is expected to prove its Francisco only electric vehicles. In San Francisco, 70 ActiveE electric cars are available for profitability this year hourly rental and parked at nine garages in the city area.

Source: Drive Now. Available: https://www.drive-now.com/international Accessed: March 20th 2013; LeSage, Jon. Available: http://green.autoblog.com/2013/02/12/bmws-drivenow- carsharing© City of-arm Turku-now- turning& Siemens-a-profit/ AG. Accessed: 2013. MarchAll rights 20th 2013 reserved. ; CNBC. Available: http://www.cnbc.com/id/48726385. Accessed: March 20th 2013 ; BMW blog. Available: http://www.bmwblog.com/2011/03/21/bmw-and-sixt-establish-drivenow-joint-venture-for-premium-car-sharing/. Accessed: March 20th 2013 ; Wikipedia. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DrivenowPage 140 September 2013. Accessed: March 20th 2013. Bike sharing Mobility & Logistics, Skanssi & Castle Town

Situation of bike sharing in Turku Objectives of mobility in Turku . There are several bike rental possibilities mainly for . Minimizing the carbon footprint in all activities needs of tourism in Turku, both private bike shops and . Minimizing the energy consumption of the regional even promoted by city tourist office technology . Many people in Turku own bikes – modal share of 11% . Environmentally friendly transport solutions in 2007 (in Helsinki area 6-8%, national average 12%) . Comfortable and attractive mobility solutions

Specific objectives of Mobility & Logistics for Castle Town . Shortest routes for pedestrians, cyclists and public transportation . Good supply of services within walking and biking distance: day care centre, primary school, grocery shop . Cycling, transport percentage >15 % of the journeys (currently in the Turku city region intensive public transport zone: 12,7 %) . High-quality bicycle parking close to apartments, public transport stops and main activities . All bicycle paths accessible . Walking, transport percentage >30 % of the journeys, (currently in the Turku city region intensive public transport zone: 25,9 %) . Pedestrian and biking links to the main destinations (grocery shops, public transport stops, schools, day care centers) do not intersect with the main streets or busy collector streets (> 8000 drives/day?)

Source: Poljin – Kotimaisia tilastoja pyöräilystä ja kevyestä liikenteestä. Website: http://www.poljin.fi/tilastoja/tilastot_kotimaa. Accessed: Feb 12th 2013 © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 142 September 2013 Bike sharing for Skanssi & Castle Town at a glance

Case for action Description of solution

. Castle Town needs an intelligent concept for short journeys within the . The basic idea underlying the city bike-sharing is to provide districts sustainable transport and cover the last mile travel in Castle . Opportunity to drop off bikes also at important points outside the Town. There are two possible concepts: Firstly the bikes district could be rented at one station and be either returned there or . Mobility within Castle Town shall be provided with low CO2-, PM- & at another station or as another possible concept they can be noise-emission,. picked up/dropped off everywhere in the designated district area . Bike sharing serves for last mile mode of transport . As a last mile means of transport they provide fast and easy . Integration with other modes to foster the objective of maximizing non- access to nearby destinations within or at the district borders car transport or areas close to SkanssiTo make usage easy as possible . Enabling elder citizens to take part in bike sharing as well by provision they should make use of smart technology (smart cards of e.bikes and easy renting modalities and/or mobile phones) and can be run by diverse business modelsRental fees are time-based or annual, monthly, weekly or daily fees and in some systems the first minutes Prerequisites are free of charge. Bike “pick up” and“return” stations operate 24 hours per day, 7 days a week. . Bike stations or pick-up/drop-off anywhere . If stations are used for rental pick up and drop off then the . Spatial fit – spaces for bikes included? Rather even grounds, not too stations should be strategically placed at regular intervals hilly, otherwise consideration of e-bikes throughout the city, making them easily accessible from . Acceptance by citizens – are they willing to participate in the bike public transport stations as well as residential, office and sharing concept? shopping areas. The latest systems operate with smart . Low rate of cycle ownership technologies and provide users with real-time bike availability . During winter substitute service for bikes required information on the internet. These “smart” bike-sharing systems provide the missing link between existing points of public transportation and desired destinations, offering a new form of mobility that complements the existing public transport systems.

Source: bike-sharing.blogspot.com; http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/bikes/; www.fta.dot.gov; Migdley, P. (2009), p. 23 © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 143 September 2013 Impact evaluation for Castle Town

CAPEX & OPEX Assumptions

Capex - Linnakaupunki . 15.000 & 8.000 residents, 20% Capex - Skanssi will be using the system Opex . 1 shared bike for 30 residents 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 225 . 1 station per 10 bikes 140 140 . Invest: per station € 41.000; per 110 110 110 110 120 60 60 60 60 65 70 70 bike € 300, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . Invest stretched over 4 years plus additional irreg. invest for

2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 refurbishment of stations Potential earnings Assumptions

350 . Membership fee 50€ p.a. 300 . Ramp up of membership (25%, 250 50%, 75%, 100%) until a total 200 of 3000 and 1.600 will be 150 reached in 2037 100 . 7.000 km driven per bike 50 . Fee per km € 0,03 0 . Earnings for ads approx. € 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 400,- per station per month

Annual CO2 abatement Assumptions

. Traffic CO2 emissions in Turku in 2035 will be 128.000t CO2 /yr -6% under the constraint that every 12.400 citizen has the same travel 11.640 496 264 pattern regardless their age. . Baseline of Castle Town & Skanssi is then 12.400tCO2/yr for 15.000 + 8.000 residents . Travel pattern in the districts is similar to the whole of Turku. . 7% of travelers switch from car to cycling . Thus, we will have an optimized baseline of 11.640 t CO2 emissions in Castle Town & Skanssi Baseline (tCO2/a) Saving potential Saving potential Optimized (tCO2/a) in (tCO2/a) in baseline (tCO2/a) Linnakaupunki Skanssi

Source: Turku Light Rail Impact Study; http://www.ltaacademy.gov.sg/doc/IS02-p23%20Bike-sharing.pdf © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 145 September 2013 Bike sharing for Skanssi & Castle Town at a glance

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential

. . Milestones Time Citizens . Legal founding of the company . . Additional mobility option Legal . Application for concession 6 months . . Health benefits Financing model . 3months . No own bike needed, no threat of theft, no maintenance Financial . Rough concept (# of bikes, booking and . 3 months Technical billing system) Investors . Detailed concept (maintenance, prices, etc) . . First phase: Allowance on pricing to promote . 3 months Advertising opportunities Pilot Implementationplan usage . Relatively inexpensive and quick-to-implement . Second phase: Priced usage . Incorporate space for bike stations in spatial . 12 months City . Add-on option for existing operators to cover the last mile planning development . Promote bike sharing concept, maybe with incentives Environment . Roll-out concept to other districts if possible . Reduced CO2-emissions Requirements / prerequisites . Livable, car free streets . only applicable with the suitable spatial prerequisites Geographical / . Suitable weather conditions, not too windy, not applicable on frozen spatial fit grounds. Thus, in winter a substitute might be needed. . Fits to target of Turku of providing low emission transport, thus overall fit to City / district administration Profile fit city & district development plan . Target group fit and fit to customers due to high share of usage by young . Increased cycling modal share people and families, elderly by e-bikes . . Critical mass of user required for solution to be profitable, but as the Make cycling more visible Economical fit reference case shows applicable on a small scale . Savings with reduction of car infrastructure, i.e. less traffic . Investment is relatively low . Fits into the overarching traffic concept of fostering bike transport in Castle lights, parking space, enforcement, administration, etc. Rollout potential Technical fit Town. Fits best when citizens show a low share of privately owned bikes . The overall transferability of the solution for the other districts of the City of Overall Turku is estimated to be rather high due to the same topography and transferability weather conditions as well as the corresponding target of promoting other means of transport than by individual car. . Transferability to other regions is dependent on topography and climate.

Objectives Biel in brief

. The city of Biel aims at motivating both citizens and tourists for using bike . Core of Biel: ~ 52.000 citizens transport. . Greater Biel: ~104.000 citizens . By this means the disadvantage of owning a bike, such as theft or . Hinterland: ~150.000 citizens maintenance do not show. People coming to Biel by car or PT can use the . Not too uneven, applicable for opportunity of flexible last mile transport. bike sharing solutions . The city aims at a higher modal split towards green transport solutions and thus supports the usage of bike sharing. . The city enhances combined mobility and the creation of attractive modal interfaces

Solution approach in Biel

. Provision of 50 bikes during the pilot phase, afterwards a ramp up to 400 Facts & Figures

bikes on 50 stations, where bikes can be picked up & returned. . Pilot of 50 bikes in the centre in . Businesses can support the system by setting up a station in the very front 2010 of their office and by financing a couple of bikes for the whole system. . In 2011 increase to 400 bike at . A communication entity steers & monitors the information flow between the 50 stations bike and the central communication server. . Businesses have the opportunity . The users are registered in advance and have either a daily, monthly or to support the system by setting annual membership. Operations are run by Biel city planning authorities and up a station in the very front of the employment programme agency. their office.

Situation of mobility in Turku Objectives of mobility in Turku . Currently ~ 180 diesel buses operate public transport. . Reducing the need for transport Alternative technologies are being evaluated. . Use of public transport, transport percentage >15 % . Use of private cars is common in Turku of the journeys . Regional authority established . Use of private cars, transport percentage <40% of the journeys . Minimization of the carbon footprint in all activities . Environmentally friendly transport solutions

Specific objectives of Mobility & Logistics for Skanssi & Castle Town . Sufficient population for efficient public transport (5000/8000 inhabitants) . More than 60% of the residents live within 250 m from the public transport stops of the bus rapid transit system . More than 90% of the residents live within 450 m from the public transport stops of the bus rapid transit system . Smart, ICT based solutions for consumers and transport control . Car ownership to be 25% below the average

Case for action Description of solution

. Public transport need to be an . Public transport need to be . The concept has several variations, depending on the role of ecological mode of transport attractive and need to be combustion engine, most common today is serial hybrid . Low emissions the choice of modal share which has electric motor as 100% power supplier to vehicle . Integration to future light rail solution . Comfortability improves the . From combustion supported to pure battery to fuel cell . Skanssi is outside of city center but attractiveness technology need to serve fast and easy access to . The eBus lines can be planned to run either within normal the working areas and city center traffic lanes or in separate BTR Bus Rapid Transit line from . Less car traffic within district satellite centers to city. . Full bus line solution: Need to ensure the adequate charging possibilities in the pit or turnaround places to ensure continuous service. Option 1 . Serial Hybrid: Prerequisites Hybrid up to 30- 50% emission reduction on PT - depending on which Euro X norm to compare . Charging infrastructure - to diesel buses (Euro 2-4): Up to 40-50 % . Comfortable environment of bus - to new Diesel bus (EEV): Up to 25-30 % stops . Today 8 to full size 18 meter buses . Sufficient travel chain . Thousands of deliveries, hybrid . Short enough intervals ======. City bys with electric charging: Electric buses (Battery with PlugIn / Charge) . Battery (and Ultracapacitor) . Fuel cell with battery

CAPEX & OPEX Assumptions

Capex Opex . no. of buses in Skanssi & Castle Town: 21 . no. of charging stations: 2 4.600 4.600 4.600 4.600 4.600 4.600 4.600 4.600 4.600 4.600 4.600 4.600 4.600 4.600 4.600 4.600 . labor cost (installation, maintenance, administration) 2.140 2.140 2.140 2.140 2.140 2.140 2.140 2.140 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040

Benefits Assumptions . Earnings will be same as with ordinary buses . Savings on fuel costs . Environmentally friendly traffic . Supporting the smart grid, an energy reserve / storage . Independent from crude oil prices

Annual CO2 abatement Assumptions

. Traffic CO2 emissions in Turku in 2035 will be 128.000t CO2 /yr -11% under the constraint that every 12.400 citizen has the same travel 898 11.023 pattern regardless their age. 479 . Baseline of Castle Town & Skanssi is then 12.400 tCO2/yr for 15.000 + 8.000 residents . Travel pattern in the districts is similar to the whole of Turku. . Bus km in Turku 12 mil. . Hybrids reduce emissions by 30% & eBuses reduce emissions by 90% compared to normal buses . 100% of eBuses . Baseline (tCO2/a) Saving potential Saving potential Optimized Thus, we will have an optimized (tCO2/a) in (tCO2/a) in baseline (tCO2/a) baseline of 11.023 t CO2 Linnakaupunki Skanssi emissions in Castle Town and Skanssi

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential Overall time frame: 8-12 months Citizens . . Milestones Time . . . Silent, reliable transport Legal Responsibilities of the energy providing vs. bus 12 months services level . . A visibly environmentally friendly mode of transport Financial expectations for further routes / . 6 months Financial hybrid & eBuses . Costs for the city to build larger eBus infrastructure Investors . Analyze the runtime, services level etc . 3 months Technical . . Local bus manufacturers can fully participate Make decisions accordingly . Either a joint test with research centers, . . 3 months Local innovations & tech. to fit local needs Pilot Universities, VTT and local bus companies Implementationplan . Or include 1 eBus line to a public tendering for bus companies, or both . 3-10 months City . Internal planning of possible eBus routes Environment development . Discussions with local bus companies

. 25-100% reduction on public transport CO2 (hybrid-full eBus) . Significant noise reduction Requirements / prerequisites

Geographical / . Winter conditions, adequate charging facilities City / district administration spatial fit . No special geographical issues. . . A very visible sign for low emission attitude Fuel costs reduction Profile fit . Will raise interest from other cities towards Turku way of solving the issues . More silent . Can be included into public tendering with emission level requirements for . Charging of eBuses can take advantage of tram routes Economical fit certain lines . May also be calculated / tested in co-operation with local research institutes and bus companies . Technologies exist Rollout potential Technical fit . Winter conditions needs to be discussed . Local tests jointly with research institutes and bus companies . Rollout potential is high, Turku is already testing some hybrid bus types Overall solution. When building a new district makes it relatively easy to set the transferability infrastructure ready for future eBus lines. . International examples and even some national pilots exists

Challenges Trolley in Arnhem, Holland

. Improving air quality and reducing noise disturbance in cities . Creating environmentally friendlier public transport solutions . Increasing the modal share of public transport

Solution approaches in other towns and cities

Plans for almost total elimination of fossil fuel powered buses for environmental reasons for example in Salzburg, Austria. References show potential for Facts & Figures . No idling energy losses (stopping at bus stops, traffic lights) . Regeneration resulting energy savings of 30% on average . Increase in ridership on converted . Reducing air and noise pollution routes to trolleybuses on ”like-for-like”

basis - Arnhem, Holland: +17%; Ecolobus Project in Quebec City, Canada, promoting traffic reduction, sustainability and Salzburg, Austria: +16%; similar results social benefits since 2008. Anecdotal evidence from local officials suggest succeeding in also in San Francisco . Reducing the number of cars and buses in Old Quebec . Overall positive customer feedback: . Helping to create a more pedestrian friendly environment 82% of participants in Quebec City In Arnhem, Holland, six trolleybuses an hour was found cheaper to operate than six were very satisfied or satisfied motorbuses . Electric minibus case in Oxford, . Lower and more predictable operating costs (compared to imported fuels) England, in 1990’s reported reduced air pollution of -21% CO2, -98% CO, - Recharging the vehicle for example while running under the wires or mainly during off-peak 42% acid gases, -93% hydrocarbons hours (typically overnight) as in Genoa and Turin, Italy and -95% particulates after 500 days of . Overnight charging reducing issue of capacity for electrical generation operation

Source: Simon P Smiler and others. City Transport – Electric Bus. Website: http://citytransport.info/Electbus.htm. Accessed: March 7th 2013. The© City Quebec of City Turku Écolobus & SiemensSystem. Website: AG http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/programs/environment 2013. All rights reserved. -utsp-casestudypublictransit-1707.htm. Accessed: March 7th 2013. 10 years of electric buses with IPT Charge. Website: http://www.conductix.com/en/news/2012-05-31/10-years-electric-buses-iptr-charge. Accessed: March 7th 2013. Page 154 September 2013 Reference case – BRT-busline 550 in Helsinki area

Challenge Busline 550 Route Map . Improving quality of Helsinki area public transport between suburbs . Reducing the travel time to minimum . Attracting especially working people to use public transport

Solution approach in Helsinki area

. BRT-busline ("Jokeri-linja") serving traffic between suburbs as a ring line since 2003. Originally light rail planned instead but idea replaced with BRT to reduce costs. Now planned to be changed to light rail to increase capacity. Facts & Figures . Short intervals first to attract customers, later to provide enough capacity . In 2003, 7min interval introduced during peak hours, 10 min during the day. . On average 27.000 travelers Peak hour interval increased to 5min in 2006. Since 2010, two buses per day on weekdays, 11 000 departing together every 5min during peak hours. on Sat, 7 000 on Sun in 2010- . Traveler amount immediately higher than expected 2012 . 40% increase in trips per day between 2006-2010 (2006, 19 600; 2008, 24 . Average speed in 2010 was 000; 2010, up to 30 000) 29km/h which is considered . Solutions to improve average speed very good for a busline . Only 38 bus stops for 27km line . Positive customer feedback . Exclusive public transport lanes . In Aug 2012, 37 new environ- . Bus priority traffic lights, special priority light for Jokeri mentally friendly Scania buses will start operating

Source: Jokeirliikenne – Kaupunkiliikenne. Website: http://www.kaupunkiliikenne.net/Helsinki/jokeri.html. Accessed: March 7th 2013. HSL. Website: http://www.hsl.fi. Accessed: March 7th 2013. Wikipedia© City of – Jokeri.Turku Website: & Siemens http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jokeri AG 2013. All rights- linjareserved.. Accessed: March 7th 2013. Page 155 September 2013 Travel chains Mobility & Logistics, Skanssi & Castle Town

Situation of mobility in Turku Objectives of mobility in Turku . 85% of public transport journeys within the Turku . Build an end-to-end journey focused approach region take place within city boundaries. . Make public transport more green and sustainable . 2 Railway stations . Reduce CO2 emissions . 7 Service levels for public transport are defined per . Reduce congestion network sections . Reduce private driving, increase modal shift . City owned and several private bus companies with service contracts

Specific objectives of Mobility & Logistics for Skanssi & Castle Town . Bus stop intervals so that the speed of public transport is compatible with private cars . More than 90% of the residents live within 450 m from the bus rapid transit system stop . Enhancing the attractiveness of other forms of transport to private cars . Flexible public transport travelling, change of transport mode

Case for action Description of solution

. Careful location planning for bus stops . Well working and efficient . By shifting mobility demand to public transport, the attractiveness of and connections to other modes of travel chain, i.e. optimized public transport services needs a boost most of the time in terms of transport interfaces between modes journey times & timekeeping. . Well working and efficient travel to reduce waiting times . The installation of a module for prioritizing public transport at signal chain, i.e. optimized interfaces . Transport management controlled intersections serves in two ways. An appropriately equipped guidance system not only increases travel speeds & between modes to reduce waiting system to optimized route improves punctuality on public transport services with minimal times and make travellign by PT planning impact on private vehicles, but it also allows public transport convenient to support other transport . Incident management operators to economize on use of vehicles, or alternatively to means than private car usage improve services using the same number of vehicles. Guaranteed right of way for public transport is usually managed locally. . The bus or tram determines its position (using markers or GPS technology) &, as it approaches the stop line, relays its position to the local controller. This adjusts the signaling by extending or Prerequisites Facts & figures shortening of a green phase or even by inserting a new phase, so that on reaching the stop line, the bus or tram re-ceives a green . High data availability & data . - 10% in the total travel time light. On the one hand, the task of the guaranteed-right-of-way processing on a given public transport system for public transport is to dispatch the vehicle over the . Optimized operational and route (provided that the intersection without stops and loss of time – on the other hand administrative processes service intervals are kept the however, it is of course desirable to keep the impact on private . Overarching traffic same) can lead to a reduction transport as small as possible. management concept of vehicles required to cover . According to a study by Nürnberger Verkehrsbetriebe VAG, buses the public transport demand & trams waste up to 27% of their total travel time in waiting at . integrated traffic planning by about 9%, bringing with it intersections. For public transport, this proportion of time can be across all modes an enormous savings potential drastically reduced using guaranteed right of way. If it is politically in terms of equipment, staff desirable, the UTC (Urban Traffic Control) system can be and maintenance. programmed in such a way that public transport waiting times at intersections are cut to zero. However, this kind of solution requires the availability of a dedicated bus or tram lane, which in turn may have a massively impact on private transport.

Annual CO2 abatement Assumptions

. Traffic CO2 emissions in Turku in -0% 2035 will be 128.000t CO2 /yr under the constraint that every 12.400 -12.386 9 5 citizen has the same travel pattern regardless their age. . Travel pattern in the districts is similar to the whole of Turku. . Bus km in Turku 12 mil. . Optimized travel chains lead to a mileage reduction of 9% . Thus, we will have an optimized baseline of 12.386 t CO2 emissions in Castle Town and Skanssi

Baseline (tCO2/a) Saving potential Saving potential Optimized (tCO2/a) in (tCO2/a) in baseline (tCO2/a) Linnakaupunki Skanssi

Source: Turku Light Rail Impact Study; http://www.ltaacademy.gov.sg/doc/IS02-p23%20Bike-sharing.pdf © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 159 September 2013 Travel chains for Skanssi & Castle Town at a glance

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential Overall time frame: 8-24 months Citizens . . Milestones Time . What options to require various PT . 18 months . The travel chain enables change from private car use to Legal companies to join the system? Taxi, public transport due to more convenient , i.e. faster travel & Matkahuolto etc? . Budget, revenue growth from new passengers, . 12 months empty streets. Financial revenue growth from current passengers. Maintenance costs…

. IT project for ticketing ( if not done . 12 months Investors Technical within other City Development projects) . Higher no. of passengers . Ticketing solution . 12 months Pilot . . Implementationplan Connections to other public transport Less vehicles (VR…etc) . . 6 months Less fuel consumption City . Route planning, estimations and calculations development for passenger growth and behaviour Environment . Optimized travel chains cuts the no. of involuntary stops for buses. Scientific analyses have shown a stop is the Requirements / prerequisites . No specific spatial requirements to be given for the implementation of this equivalent of 60s waiting with a running engine. Thus, a Geographical / concept reduction in the no. of buses stopping at intersections has spatial fit a very positive impact on exhaust emissions. . The concept fits into the city strategy of making public transport more

attractive and enhancing the modal shift from private car transport towards Profile fit other means of transport. . Target group: 1st phase local, then TBD. . Adequate market / district size: 2 railway stations, passenger ship harbor, City / district administration Economical fit local and long distance bus stations, taxi companies . Working travel chain supports the city plan to grow >15% . Traffic to PT & seamless traffic reduces amount of vehicles Rollout potential Required complementary equipment / solutions are available Technical fit . Issue is the planning of all the pieces to be connected and determining what should be the starting point Overall . Rollout potential is high, Size and variables of the transport chain makes it transferability relatively easy to be planned, but required parties needs still to be defined.

Chapter Content Page

Skanssi & Castle Town 1 • Status quo and goals 58 - 71 • KPI systems to monitor and control

2 Smart Buildings in Smart Grids – The backbone of sustainability 72 - 121

Mobility & Logistics – Connectivity and sustainable 3 122 - 160 on-site transport

4 Social Issues 161 - 190

5 Smart City Services 191 - 203

6 Implementation 204 - 210

© City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 161 September 2013 The social issues measures enable the districts to be a community that includes, actively supports and engages all groups of inhabitants.

3 principles of a sustainable Vision Vision Solution district Skanssi Castle Town

The living Oasis focuses The incubator urban lab Society on young families & focuses on urban citizens creatives & working people

Measures

Green Building Monitor Social engagement in energy efficiency Living Lab

Common saunas Community Areas Market places

Economics Ecology Adapting to Mobility guide & Last-Mile Car demographic The societal factor is change & future trends Home automation interconnected to, is influenced and influences itself the Multi-functional school Family orientation center economical and ecological as part of the sustainability of a district. branding Multi-functional school center

Solutions of Infrastructure Contribution to Social Issues Social Issues Areas Solutions Solutions The consumer • Increasing understanding for energy becomes a production producer • Self-contained energy supply as an identification factor for community

Energy Solution Energy Social engagement Smart Buildings • Interconnected systems of energy in energy consumption is the basis for a centralized efficiency and user friendly control • Smart solutions to be implemented in multifunctional-school center

Standardized • Children friendly environment

Buildings Solution security systems • Satisfaction of the need of families to Family feel particularly save in their homes as orientation as part of the well as in public places Adapting to branding • Same applies for old and handicapped demographic inhabitants change & future Public Transport • Fast, easy and cheap connection to trends services and the city centre as well as the country smart information side as an advantage especially for Solution services young families and older inhabitants Mobility & Logistics Logistics & Mobility

Case for action Description of solution

. Places of encounter for all generations . Foundation of community centers by combining several . Active integration of minority groups public services in and around schools . Set basis for a save and barrier-free environment in terms of . School renting out rooms for other public services and private infrastructure as well as social indicators (e.g. criminality rate) users (e.g. businesses, church groups, dancing club) . Social inititiatives to increase the understanding for other generations . Common area for public in combination with seating places and to help overcoming prejudices and a small kitchen . Prohibit active and passive discrimination against groups and . Services should be tailored to specific target groups of the individuals two districts. . Innovative services that provide solutions for the whole family . Accessible for anyone via interactive online booking system . Special focus on vulnerable inhabitants . Users receive a bar code on their smartphone with which they get access to the room they have reserved Prerequisites Objectives . Heating and lighting is automatically regulated depending on booking times . Go into an active dialogue . Offer families a green and save . Technologies and other materials (e.g. flipcharts) are stored during planning phase with a environment or an environment in central room and can also be reserved and paid via variety of stakeholders (e.g. with an urban atmosphere interactive online booking system families, social welfare and . Implement smart services that . Multi-functionality approach needs flexible elements in charitable organízations) support young families in buildings that are comparable to an open office concept used . Build up a common organizing their daily life in companies understanding of which . provide flexibility between . „exclusive“ and „open“ areas projects should be realized private and business activities . Smart services to manage facility, e.g. time table and . Offer a broad range of leisure interactive online booking system time facilities tailored to family . Special needs recognition as an overall guidance in planning needs phase – barrier free access to all facilities

Services for Services for Castle Town Skanssi

. Leisure activity offerings for children, the youth and senior citizens Common . Evening classes (e.g. language courses, „second chance“ education) services . Possible integration of a day care center and a nursing home . Establish shops of daily needs

. Cultural events such as lectures, arts . Trade fairs and business lectures/ Specific exhibitions and concerts coachings services . Initiatives that „make use“ of the spatial . Simulation of business cases with proximity, e.g. granny au-pair interactive computer game . Integration of a family center . Business Competence Center . lending items for children, such . “exclusive” rooms to be used for as skis or buggies meetings . Short „SOS“ lendings but also . Availability of printers, small over an extended period of time selection of office equipment . Garden as the heart of the center (e.g. folders, pencils) . Establish restaurants in area

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential

Citizens . . Milestones Time . Enabling school to renting out rooms . 12 months . Many services in reachable distance Legal . Establish rules and regularities for all parties . involved For Castle Town: flexibility between working and leisure . Private investors and city of Turku deciding on joint . 6 months time Financial financing plan . For Skanssi: whole family has one centre . Implementation of interactive online . 12 months Technical booking system to manage the facilities . Start with most crucial facilities (school, Investors . 12 months Pilot

Implementationplan Business Competence Center, nursing home) . Optimum utilization of facilities . ongoing . Additional income by renting out City . Gradually implement additional services development Environment . Less energy consumption/CO2 emission due to Requirements / prerequisites . Less traffic . Technical realization without barriers for new buildings Geographical / . Greater efforts for existing infrastructure . Optimal utilization of buildings spatial fit

. Skanssi and Castle Town are successful as best practice models as a Profile fit City / district administration community of social integration and innovative public services . Prestige object in the heart of the district . Initial investment depending on location Economical fit . High long-term profitability for city when used consequently by different . Offering variety of services for less money through using service providers . synergies Rollout potential Integration of smart services to manage facilities Technical fit . . High community identification of inhabitants Renovation of buildings to make it multi-functionally usable

Overall . Transfer to other schools is realistic due to the flexibility of this approach transferability . Roll out potential: high

Case for action Description of solution

. Sustainable thinking and acting as a guiding principle in planning and . The Mobility Guide is an integrated, implementation phase of districts & continuous efforts to improve multi-modal mobility service and therefore part of the efficient resource usage Intermodal Mobility Platform (mobility & logistics solutions) . Offer places of encounter & connecting things, people and services via . Accessible from a smart phone or tablet, the system guides internet to keep up with future trends user through . Barrier-free access to all buildings, places and mobility . Multi-modal journey planning and reservations . Social initiatives to increase awareness for the needs of minorities and . Navigation to help overcoming prejudices & innovative services that foster the . Onboarding diversity approach . Proceeding to the next transport vehicle . Special focus on vulnerable inhabitants . Offers additional information such as where to find the next coffee shop, operator statistics and real-time information of Prerequisites Objectives changes to planned itinerary . Voice control and simplification of user interface for less . Commitment of all . Sustainable thinking and acting technically oriented users stakeholders to actively is one major principle . Especially older inhabitants of the district address demographic change . Aiming for a tolerant society . could make better and more comfortable use of and future trends that actively includes minorities . Public transport system by relying on the . Accepting the adaptation to and promotes diversity . demographic change and . Addressing further needs of Mobility Guide. future trends as an ongoing changing lifestyle attitudes . Service of the Intermodal Mobility Platform (further details in process . Use of smart services, mobility & logistics solutions part) . Competent and reliable especially for sick, handicapped . Uses GPS and internet connection partners for implementing and older inhabitants . App can be easily installed on own device inclusive solutions in all infrastructure areas

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential

Citizens . . Milestones Time . Clarification of data protection requirements . 6 months . Convenient inter-modal travel Legal . Set up a data protection guideline . Only one interface to transport provider . Stakeholder agreement on finance plan . 6 months . Be (and stay) mobile by relying on smart service Financial

. Realization of service will be possible . 12-18 months Technical Investors in the near future . Skanssi and Castle Town could be the pilot . . N.a. Better understanding of customers Pilot

Implementationplan districts to implement this service . Improved utilization . ongoing . Value-added service City . Gradual expansion of service to the whole city development of Turku

Environment . Optimized utilization Requirements / prerequisites of the transport infrastructure . No specific requirements Geographical / . Increased public transport utilization because of higher spatial fit attractiveness

. Districts / cities that want to implement the Intermodal Mobility Platform and Profile fit offer smart services especially for older inhabitants City / district administration . Highly attractive especially when district / city has a relatively complex Economical fit transport system . Attractive mobility services . . Active support of older inhabitants to use transport Rollout potential Transport providers implement open standards to ensure interconnection of Technical fit infrastructure and therefore to be more independent information and services

Overall . Roll out potential: high transferability

Situation of community areas in Objectives of community areas in Turku Turku . Finland has a strong tradition in public outdoor areas. . A good network of public areas in the city There has been strong regulation for them including . Smart services in public areas and public or private playgrounds, parks and other recreational areas. indoor spaces. . Indoor spaces have been implemented in certain kinds . Turku has agreed on lowering the CO2-emissions of housing, especially older and rental housing. 30% by the year 2020.

Specific objectives of community areas in Skanssi & Castle Town . The public areas are a critical part of the image of the new areas . Common indoor and outdoor spaces to provide services and foster the community feeling . Private financing and ownership on public out-door areas and semi-public indoor-spaces. . Private services in a key role on making the local services . Smart public services in community areas . Creation of social life places for everyone as a focus for Skannsi . Business life places providing networking and business opportunities for Castle Town

Case for action Description of solution

. Meeting specific needs of district focus groups . Establish Common Saunas as an attractive alternative to . Establish flexible environments that can be adjusted to changing private ones demands . Owned by private service providers, users pay entry . Building community in leisure and business time . Two different kinds of establishments . Implement community areas that are accessible for every inhabitant of . Neighborhood saunas as single buildings that are open to district everyone . Comfortable usage in summer and winter . Saunas integrated in apartment blocks that are exclusively . Responsibility of city to ensure that minorities are included for inhabitants . Clarification of ownership and responsibilities . Not exclusive to Skanssi but focus area for this district . Combine community activity with energy savings compared to private saunas Prerequisites Objectives . Especially the neighborhood saunas have the potential to offer a complete sauna landscape including swimming pool, . Open discussion between . Sustainable thinking and acting children area etc. stakeholders in planning is one major principle phase to decide on . Aiming for a tolerant society . the needs of district that actively includes minorities . the economical solutions and promotes diversity . Owners of community areas . Addressing further needs of and their responsibilities changing lifestyle attitudes . Regular evaluation of chosen . Use of smart services, solutions and adaptations especially for sick, handicapped when necessary and older inhabitants

Building cost and potential savings Assumptions

. Building cost of Common Saunas is 1.350 € / person. . One common sauna + shower + dressing- room + toilet is app 30 m2. . Building cost 30 m2 x 4.500 €/m2 = 135.000 €. . Takes care of the needs of 100 inhabitants. . Total area built for saunas: 2.400 m2 . Building cost of private saunas is 3.500 € / person. . One private sauna is app 3,5 m2. . Building cost 3,5 m2 x 3.000 €/m2 = 10.500 €. . Takes care of the needs of 3 inhabitants. . Total area built for saunas: 9.333 m2 . The total saving on building costs in the area is 17,2 M€ (2.150 € / inhabitant, 8.000 inhabitants) . Common Saunas 80 x 135.000 € = 10,8 M€ • In practice the biggest apartments might still have private saunas, this calculation is simplified so that . private saunas 2667 x 10.500€ = 28,0 M€ none of the apartments has private saunas.

Energy consumption & potential savings Assumptions

. The heating of individual saunas: heated once / week, 1.600 10 kWh / heating, 1 sauna for 3 inhabitants 1.400 Common saunas 799 MWh . The heating of Common Saunas: heated 3 times / week, 64 kWh / heating, 1 sauna for 100 inhabitants 1.200 Private saunas 1.387 MWh . Skanssi, with 8.000 inhabitants, would either have Saving potential 588 MWh 1.000 2667 private saunas or 80 Common Saunas 800 . The energy consumption in Skanssi (normal heating for the rest of the time not included) 600 . private saunas 1.387 MWh / year 400 . Common Saunas 799 MWh / year 200 . The potential saving is 588 MWh / year 0 . Overall heating: The Common Saunas need 2.400 m2 floor-area, the private saunas need 9.333 m2. That Energy Consumption means 6.933 m2 smaller heated total area or 22.800 m3 lower building-volume in Skanssi-area. • Further savings will come from overall heating of the 6.933 m2 smaller total floor-area in Skanssi. • Energy saving potential when using exhaust air for heating the rest of the building

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential

Citizens . . Milestones Time . City master plan & Detailed city plans in phases . 12 months . Better quality and wider range of services than in private Legal . The city plan should allow to build Common Saunas over sauna the normal building-right . Financial model on the central park (Skanssi) . 6 months . Enjoying sauna experience with community Financial . Financial model in the common indoor spaces . The city plan should allow to build Common Saunas over . No high investment cost the normal building-right . . 12 months Technical Overall plans for the indoor & outdoor areas . Detailed plans for the outdoor areas . Agreement on the Common Saunas with stakeholders . First solutions concluded in housing (saunas & indoor Investors . 6-36 Pilot

Implementationplan spaces) months . Increased attractiveness of building/neighborhood . First part of the park (Skanssi) . ongoing . Additional business opportunity City . Overall planning of the central park (incl stormwaters) development . Schools outdoor-areas planned as part of the park and indoors as part of the indoor services in the area Environment

. Energy savings compared to private saunas Requirements / prerequisites . Modification of apartment blocks necessary . Less CO2 emissions Geographical / . Enough space in already established districts spatial fit

. Skanssi and Castle Town are successful as best practice models for a Profile fit City / district administration sustainably acting community . Supports image of a modern and sustainable district . Districts need to find investor or finance it themselves . Increased attractiveness through additional leisure time Economical fit facilities . Rollout potential Relatively high effort to modify already existing buildings Technical fit

Overall . The calculation of energy savings with Common Saunas can be transferred transferability to any area / development project . Overall transferability can be seen as high

Social issues Community areas – Common Saunas Challenge Eco-Viikki

. creating a sense of community in the district . overall participation of the residents in the districts’ activities . incorporating ecological mindset into the lifestyle of the residents

Solution approach in Eco-Viikki Facts & Figures

. Amount of common spaces / total area (17 houses): 5.739 m2 / 61.309 . allotment plots in the green fingers, which inhabitants can rent for gardening m2 = 9,4% purposes . Building volume / The living area in . many Eco Viikki is 4,53 (normal areas 4,1 - green spaces and parks in the area 4,2) . shared saunas and common laundries in the buildings for the residents . Amount of common areas: to use . Allotment plots are appriciated and well used

http://esi.nus.edu.sg/publications/2012/02/02/solar-potential-of-hdb-blocks-in-singapore © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 177 September 2013 Market places as a measure for Skanssi & Linnakupunki

Virtual market place Trading Anyone can offer anything to anyone via a

Business @ virtuel Shopping platform

(Physical) All-year market place Networking A place of encounter and trading

Pleasure in the heart Socialising of the district

Illustration market place during summer Description of solution

. Preferably community owned outdoor/indoor area . Focus on

.business fairs as a networking opportunity .product/services presentations, weekly market for daily needs .community events such as concerts . The same place is modifiable depending on weather conditions, outdoor market during the summer . Flexible modules close the area with a roof top and side walls in winter time . Market stands are booked via an online administrative system enabling high transparency and accessibility Illustration market place during winter

Source: http://philly.curbed.com/tags/chestnut-hill-farmers-market © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 179 September 2013 Indoor-/Outdoor market places for Skanssi & Castle Town at a glance

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential

Citizens . . Milestones Time . . Modern and flexible environment for micro businesses Legal . Clarify what the requirements are for flexible 1 month modules (hight of construction, opening hours . etc.) Urban and vibrant atmosphere . Identify private and public investors who jointly . 12 months Financial agree on a finance plan . Decide for a system and adjust it to Castle Town´s requirements . 4months Investors Technical . Increased attractiveness of district . Start with provision of place and covering system for . . 12 months Additional business opportunity Pilot the winter time Implementationplan . Implement simple online booking system . ongoing City . Gradually add additional smart services in the Environment development booking system . Optimal usage of space . High energy savings expected due to closed room and central heating system Requirements / prerequisites . No barriers in newly built districts Geographical / . Enough space in already established districts? spatial fit City / district administration

. Shift of business focus necessary depending on clientel of the district . supports image of a modern urban district Profile fit . Attracting businesses through offering a platform to get in . Initial investment is comparably high due to flexible modules which makes contact with investors and customers Economical fit strong commitment and joined investment of public and private sector necessary . Management of the marketplace as a potential challenge Rollout potential Technical fit . None

. Overall transferability is likely, mainly due to the absence of specific Overall technical requirements transferability . However, high initial investment is a challenge . Rollout potential: high

Case for action Description of solution

. Meeting specific needs of district focus groups . Community platform used as a trade and exchange market . Building community in leisure and business time online . Responsibility of city to ensure that minorities are included . Every inhabitant can be a provider and customer . Clarification of ownership and responsibilities . Virtual market place enables B2B, B2C and C2C commerce

. Possible offerings . Any kind of consumer goods (e.g. food) . Industrial products . Services such as food delivery, in-house hairdressing, language courses or babysitting . Enable B2B, B2C and C2C commerce Prerequisites Connection . … . Open discussion between . In addition, services may be offered in stakeholders in planning . exchange for another service or good without phase to decide on . the usage of money. A pensioner could, for .the needs of district . example, teach a migrant finnish who in return .the economical . does the shop for him/her. solutions . Owners of marketplace areas . „Every individual has something to offer“ is the and their responsibilities . guiding principle for this measure. . Regular evaluation of chosen . Community platform used as a trade and exchange market solutions and adaptations online when necessary . Virtual trading communities like ebay serve as a successful business model

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential

Citizens . . Milestones Time . Clarify whether public sector is able to offer such . Business but also community driven exchange platform Legal . 2 weeks services . Adding a value to society by bringing in own strengths . Identify private and public investors who jointly agree on . 6-12 months Financial a finance plan

Investors . Choose platform developer and start project . 2 months Technical . . . Increased attractiveness of district Platform „goes live“ 8 months . . Start with a basic version to gradually implement further . 1 year Additional stimulation of „local economy“ Pilot Implementationplan services

. Potential to become a regional or even national platform . ongoing City over the years development Environment . Continuous improvement necessary . No negative implications for environment

City / district administration Requirements / prerequisites Geographical / . . No specific requirements supports image of a modern and innovative urban district spatial fit . Fosters community cohesion

. Fits to any kind of district that aims at exchanging goods and services Profile fit within the close community

. Private investment partners are necessary Economical fit . Knowledge of which business will be located in district/city as a basis for that

Rollout potential . Technical fit Inhabitants have access to internet

Overall . Overall transferability is likely if district/city is able to finance it itself or finds transferability private sector investors . Rollout potential: high

Sell experiences - sweemo Business model . Platform that connects people who want to buy, sell or swap special experiences, such as a soap opera or an exclusive safari . Generates profit through sellers who pax commission on the final selling price

Sell services - Zilok Sell (used) goods - ebay Business model Busines model . Platform that connects borrower and . Platform that connects buyers and lender sellers . Idea is to buy a service which can also . Generates profit through a listing fee or mean to use a certain product only for a commission on the transactions that are limited period of time made

Situation of social engagement in Objectives of social engagement in Turku Turku . City of Turku has made an agreement to use only . Social Issues have had an important part of different electricity from renewable sources strategies in Turku for a long time in many levels . Metering of electricity has been renewed lately and is in modern state with hourly metering . Users are able to choose their electricity provider

Specific objectives of social engagement in Skanssi & Castle Town . Create a shared understanding in community of responsible energy consumption and CO2 emissions . Achieve economical and ecological advantages through individual energy savings . Use group dynamic of community as a driver for energy efficient behavior . „think and act sustainable“ as a positive image for both districts

Case for action Description of solution

. Information of inhabitants about . Lower costs, social . Concept aims at innovations that are developed and tested in . their individual energy affirmation/recognition a multifaceted real context consumption . Information access to be ensured . User-centric approach is based on the experiences and . cost of energy at any time knowledge and ideas of individuals . production source of energy . Possibility to choose between . Businesses, authorities, researchers and inhabitants work in . how to use energy more different energy providers projects to create validate and test new technologies, efficiently . Switching providers without services or business ideas . Mind shift of how to use energy barriers, Involve inhabitants in . Products or services are adjusted to the needs of the user by increasing inhabitants solution process throughout an innovation process awareness of their consumption . participative democracy . Focus on democratic and open process that includes diverse behaviour people and backgrounds . The „negotiated city“ as a new approach of developing a living environment Prerequisites . May be supported by open space technology that enables users to moderate discussions as well as generate concrete . Standardized system that meters energy for single households measures in working groups . Live energy consumption monitoring . Connecting all energy producers and consumers . Open data provision . Analyses of all data and preparation for end users in short period of time . Initiatives that enable inhabitants to motivate themselves to think and act sustainable

The Living Lab

Concept Jointly developed energy efficiency solutions for the community

Openness Influence Realism Values Sustainability Principles

Green Building Monitor To be defined To be defined

Projects

. Monitoring of energy consumption . Best practice sharing . benchmarking

© City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. PageSource: 187 http://knowledgecenter.openlivinglabs.eu; September 2013 Siemens internal Green building monitor for Skanssi & Castle Town at a glance

Case for action Description of solution

. Information of inhabitants about . Lower costs, social . The Green Building Monitor (GBM) collects a variety of . their individual energy affirmation/recognition values within building and enables user to monitor them consumption . Information access to be ensured . power and water consumption . cost of energy at any time . temperature readings . production source of energy . Possibility to choose between . greenhouse gas emissions etc. . how to use energy more different energy providers . Awareness of energy consumption motivates inhabitants to efficiently . Switching providers without use energy more efficiently . Mind shift of how to use energy barriers, Involve inhabitants in . Enable individuals to actively influence their energy by increasing inhabitants solution process consumption by installing GBM in single appartments . awareness of their consumption participative democracy . Installation in public buildings to achieve transparency and behaviour show best practice examples Prerequisites . Data center collects and analyses all data of neighbourhood/district to provide inhabitants with . Standardized system that meters benchmarking data energy for single households . Open standards required (e.g. BACnet) . Live energy consumption . Can be steered by on-the-wall-devices, tablets, from a monitoring central station etc. . Connecting all energy producers . Colour in display indicates the energy performance of the and consumers building . Open data provision . Analyses of all data and preparation for end users in short period of time . Initiatives that enable inhabitants to motivate themselves to think and act sustainable

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential

Citizens . . Milestones Time . Legal . Balance between individual data protection and Are part of the solution generation for their own community • 6 months and home knowledge sharing

. Private investors and city of Turku deciding on • 2 months . Can actively influence which and how innovations are Financial joint financing plan realised • Evaluate possible network size • 2 months . Energy cost savings Technical . High information availability . Establishment of data center and first buildings . 2 years . Full control of energy production and consumption Pilot Implementationplan equipped with Green Building Monitor . Connect single entities and start with first initiatives Investors City . Gradually extend data network development . ongoing . Direct contact to users of products and services . Benefit from innovative ideas generated by community . Cutting-edge solution with high marketing effect Environment Requirements / prerequisites . Innovations to use energy efficiently are continuously Geographical / spatial fit . Technical realization without barriers for new buildings developed further . Greater efforts for existing infrastructure

. . Less energy consumption/CO2 emission through Profile fit Skanssi and Linnakaupinki are successful as best practice models for a behavioural change sustainably acting community . High initial investment necessary Economical fit City / district administration . Long-term profitability only when used consequently . Image of being an innovative district . Standardized system for the whole city Rollout potential . Community building through joined projects Technical fit . Establishment of complex network between energy producers and consumers . Attractive for innovation oriented investors Overall . Challenging to transfer this solution to the whole city due to potential technical . Sharpening image as sustainable district transferability restrictions and high investment need . Roll out potential: medium

9 KPIs are measured / monitored 1. % of the electricity consumed so far today has been provided by the solar panels 2. kWh of electricity have been consumed so far today 3. kWh of heat generated by ground source heat pump 4. kWh of cooling generated by ground source heat pump 5. kWh of heat has been generated by the solar thermal systems The success model 6. liters of water have been . The Crystal is connected via Energy Monitoring and Controlling (EMC) to consumed so far today the Advantage Operations Center (AOC) in Frankfurt, which constantly 7. % of the water consumed has monitors the systems for efficient operation. been provided by the recycling system . Automatically transfer of current consumption information and 8. % of the water consumed so far performance indicators to the Green Building Monitors (GBM) in the today has been provided by the Crystal rainwater harvesting system . LED displays are integrated in the graphic to represent the data of 9 KPIs 9. tones of CO2 have been . The info-graphic obtains the required data directly from the EMC via an prevented from being emitted by authenticated interface. the building's system

Chapter Content Page

Skanssi & Castle Town 1 • Status quo and goals 58 - 71 • KPI systems to monitor and control

2 Smart Buildings in Smart Grids – The backbone of sustainability 72 - 121

Mobility & Logistics – Connectivity and sustainable 3 122 - 160 on-site transport

4 Social Issues 161 - 190

5 Smart City Services 191 - 203

6 Implementation 204 - 210

Smart City Services are closely interwoven with the other infrastructure areas and solutions

Infrastr. areas Solutions Explanation

. Solar panels .Smart City Services are not an independent, . Decentralized Energy Management stand-alone infrastructure area but closely Energy . Distribution Automation interwoven with the other areas and solutions . Electricity Storage .The solutions marked in bold on the left are . Communication infrastructure network either partly Smart Services or could actually be

. Car Sharing and city bike rental implemented as such . Parking & charging . Electric Public Transport Mobility . Travel chains Illustration of applications of Smart City . Information management solutions Services in the respective infrastructure areas

. Standardized Automation . Standardized Security Systems Buildings . Smart Buildings . Predictive Automation using weather forecast

. Social engagement in energy efficiency . Community areas Social . Adapting to demographic change . Family orientation

Specific objectives of Mobility & Logistics for Skanssi & Castle Town . Enhancing the attractiveness of other forms of transport to private cars . Flexible public transport travelling, change of transport mode

Case for action Description of solution

. convenient first to last mile trip . All age groups in the districts . To make optimum use of the capacities of the entire traffic planning based on the traveler's must be enabled to use PT infra-structure the intermodal evaluation of the traffic system preferences facilities. is increa-singly gaining importance. Intermodal Traffic . Real-time transport information . A traveler may inquire about Management focuses on interoperable multimodal Real Time for people traveling individually as infor-mation across all Traffic & Travel Information (RTTI) services provided to well as for public transport users transportation modes (& based drivers & travelers with the goal of dra-stically reducing . Dynamic (and multimodal) routing on real-time da-ta), then select energy consumption in urban areas across the dif-ferent information one of the offered mobility modes of transport by changing the mobility behavior (modal shift) of the single traveler; resulting in: Less pollution, . Residents must be easily en- options & finally book & pay for including CO2 emissions, particle emissions and noise; Less abled to use public transport the whole trip – from one single platform traffic conges-tion; Less energy consumption; A shift away from individual trans-port towards public transport; Prerequisites Responsive and adaptive traffic ma-nagement. To enable travelers planning for a journey and booking their means of . Agreement of the different mobility providers to collaborate transport easily, Information Technology (IT) is a key element in transportation strategy. A highly innovative IT-System, . Well organised travel chains as the backend of the solution called the multimodal ‘Integrated Mobility Platform (IMP)’ will . Open data interfaces en-able travelers to use the transportation services in a . An IT architecture and solution that guarantees data security in the convenient manner – even though those transportation billing process services may include several modes & may be provided by . A feasible B2B business model various transport operators. . A customer frontend which enables easy usage . An IMP makes transport more attractive by offering end-to- end tra-vel solutions & is a lever to win new customers & to generate more revenues from existing customers. An IMP needs to be extendable & give the option to integrate more service partners mid-/long-term

Mobility & Logistics

Annual CO2 abatement Assumptions . Traffic CO2 emissions in Turku in 2035 will be 128.000t CO2 /yr -5% under the constraint that every 12.400 citizen has the same travel 365 11.840 195 pattern regardless their age. . Travel pattern in the districts is similar to the whole of Turku. . -6% of individual transport is shifted towards public transport . Thus, we will have an optimized baseline of 11.840 t CO2 emissions in Castle Town and Skanssi

Baseline (tCO2/a) Saving potential Saving potential Optimized (tCO2/a) in (tCO2/a) in baseline (tCO2/a) Linnakaupunki Skanssi

Source: Turku Light Rail Impact Study; http://www.ltaacademy.gov.sg/doc/IS02-p23%20Bike-sharing.pdf © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 197 September 2013 Integrated mobility platform for Skanssi & Castle Town at a glance

Benefits Implementation plan and rollout potential

. . Milestones Time Citizens / Travelers . System ownership (city, jointly with taxi, railway etc) . . Integrated and easy-to-use multi-modal mobility services Legal 18 months . . Convenient multi modal travel, Using without thinking Financing model . 6 months . Transparent travelling information & customized individual Financial mobility packages . Rough technical concept (payment system connections, . 12 months . Greater choice of mobility offerings & attractive prices and Technical interfaces) . Detailed concept bonus program . Interconnection and payment system with 2 transport modes . 12 months Pilot . First phase: bus & train schedule & ticket payment Implementationplan Operators / Investors . Second phase: include taxi companies & car sharing . . Route planning . 6 months Collaboration of Transport Operators to provide multi City . Bus stops, car sharing or rental car parking lots modal end-to-end travel services development . Cost reduction . Value-added services . Additional sales channels through partners Requirements / prerequisites . Increase in revenue . No specific spatial prerequisites Geographical / . Can be applied in every region . Improved utilization & better understanding of customer spatial fit

. Targets innovative and integrated solutions

District Profile fit . Focuses on the optimization of end-to-end travel . “Sustainability” oriented management of scarce resources . Subject to economies of scale and scope to support modal shift Economical fit . Needs a critical mass of both services and users . Optimized utilization of transport infrastructure . Pre-investment is rather high

Rollout potential . Needs careful technical planning and realization . Compliance with emission regulations Technical fit . Interfaces, Partnering, Clearing and billing systems . Communication with the travelling public . Rollout potential is high, as Turku is already planning an e-Ticketing system Overall . Increased control of traffic management . Volume of the IMP needs still to be defined. transferability . Information about transport needs & attractive city

Source: Siemens © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 198 September 2013 The Integrated Mobility Platform could help the city of Turku to integrate with mobility services from other providers.

Example – for illustration only

Turku

Regional National National Regional Regional Bike Bus Taxi Bus Train Route Ticket Bus Bus Car Bike Route Parking Operator Operator Operator Operator Planning System Operator Operator Sharing Sharing Planning

Case for action Description of solution

. To bring sustainable wastewater management into the district and the . This solution offers a proven and economical solution to city centre. today’s urban wastewater management challenges with its . In times of resource scarcity it is a well justified question of how to Food Chain Reactor (FCR) solution, a cost and space handle waste waters. In recent times waste water is more and more efficient facility for the treatment of sanitary wastewater. The perceived as an additional useful resource which needs to be treated water treatment reactors in the water processing unit utilize with consideration and care. carefully selected plant root structures and biofiber media to provide an ideal habitat for a unique and diverse biofilm. The majority of the biomass resides in an attached form resulting in high sludge age in the reactors. The special media invites a much more diverse biology than those already in use in the industry. In addition to the bacteria found in traditional activated sludge systems, the treatment plants are populated Technical details by over 3,000 species of microbes, aquatic flora and fauna. Several reactors are used in sequence arranged in a . Each facility is odorless with a botanical-garden like appearance that cascade configuration to optimize the development of distinct can be located anywhere, even in a city center. At the same time the ecosystems at each step of the treatment process. advanced automation solutions ensure reliable and efficient operation . The reactors are arranged in a cascade fashion with of the waste water treatment plant, each with a simple, user friendly pretreatment steps in the beginning and final polishing at the interface. end, depending on influent characteristics and effluent use. . The facility treats wastewater to local standards and is able to handle As water flows from one reactor to the other it passes extreme variations in the load both in terms of quality and quantity. through different ecologies and in each of these reactors The solution reduces the physical footprint of the waste water various components of the contaminants are broken down or treatment plant by up to 60% and at the same time its improved - to put it another way- utilized as energy (food). Thus the reliability and automated operation helps lowering operational sub-ecosystems provide for enhanced removal efficiency expenses by 30%. It has a wide processing capacity from 1,000 m3 while utilizing less energy and producing less sludge. The per day to more than 200,000 m3 per day. complex biology is managed by state of the art process control software which regulates all engineering components necessary to maintain ideal conditions in the system. http://www.worldwaterweek.org © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 201 September 2013 Decentralized waste water management for Skanssi & Castle Town at a glance

Benefits Illustration Citizens . . . Savings . Odor-free

Operators / Investors . OPEX savings . Improved efficiency . Advanced automation

District . Decentralized approach . Attractive design . Less physical space

Global references . Globally more than 30 operating references and another 15 under construction, show the significant resource saving potential of the solution for sustainable wastewater management. . In Shenzhen, China, the waste water treatment seamlessly integrates into urban settings, dramatically lowering infrastructure costs and creating opportunities for automated "smart" wastewater networks.

Waste water treatment in Shenzhen, China

Chapter Content Page

Skanssi & Castle Town 1 • Status quo and goals 58 - 71 • KPI systems to monitor and control

2 Smart Buildings in Smart Grids – The backbone of sustainability 72 - 121

Mobility & Logistics – Connectivity and sustainable 3 122 - 160 on-site transport

4 Social Issues 161 - 190

5 Smart City Services 191 - 203

6 Implementation 204 - 210

Implementation roadmap

Phase I Phase II Phase III

Defining the most Evaluating technical Implement sustainable suitable business model concept city districts

City Legal Technical development

. Evaluating the legal framework . Ensure the technical concept . Re-use sustainable solutions in city development . Defining the business model availability . Regulation of requirements

. Monitoring and feedback of results Financial Pilot

. Develop the business case . Demonstrate the technical and financial model concept . Finding the financing

Typically 3-6 month Typically 3 months Typically 12 months

Proposed project organization Roles & Responsibilities Project setup in . High-ranked sponsor and public Lighthouse projects City of Turku representation of the project

Steering committee Sounding board Steering Sounding . Overall steering . Advisory committee board and guidance . Involvement . Taking of key and alignment decisions of stakeholders

Project Lead . Overall project management . Definition of overall project targets, methodology and project standards Core team Stakeholders . Coordination & alignment of focus teams . Ongoing stakeholder involvement

. Responsible for content work with Mobility Buildings Energy ... respect to focus team topics focus team focus team focus team . Current situation . Identification of measures . Evaluation and prioritization Expert partners

Introducing new district solutions is a complex and cross-functional long-term project. General experience based on the introduction of such complex turnkey projects and the knowledge about the specific situation in Turku as well as some important critical success factors need to be highlighted. • The open and target oriented • Identify and select competent and reliable Strategic communication towards citizens and a partners for the realization of the district Governance & infrastructure solutions is of importance. Communi- convincing concept towards investors how to efficiently install new technologies Partnering cation in the City of Turku is essential.

• Citizens’ needs and lifestyle are the main • Ensure stable project funding to facilitate drivers for city services & infrastructure. implementation and to avoid unexpected Stakeholder Ensuring that actual and future requirements Project financial issues. Involvement are met by offering high quality, integrated Funding • Evaluate alternative funding possibilities such services in the new districts is an important as public private partnerships factor in district development. • Continuously integrate land use planning and • Actively influence the mobility behavior & Integrated traffic planning: these two plans should be Transporta- travel patterns of the citizens by long- Planning & revised at the same time and be strongly tion term urban planning, traffic management interconnected to implement the appropriate and traffic guidance systems, parking Solutions activities (business, residential, mix used Management policies as well as company travel plans area) at the right place. Rethink the for employers & information campaigns interconnection and integration of the regional is another key requirement; as well as public transportation system as well as the simplifying the use of public transporta- circulation in the city center will help to create tion, for inhabitants but also tourists who a smooth and functional transportation can then easily find stations & under- network. stand the network map at the 1st glance.

Turku structural model 2035: Turku structural model indicates that the . 111 new development areas or development in the city region is estimated to areas with significant changes require many changes in the land use. The . The population is estimated to model has identified over 100 areas with grow by 75 000 inhabitants significant need for development in land use and . 78 000 new dwellings are needed in new infrastructure development . 20 000 new jobs needs to be created

The implementation of city objectives and the callenges to manage them is by large similar. Utilization of a toolbox as a guideline for city district development will help the planning and implementation of these areas.

Source: Turku Structural Model 2035

Electricity Com. network Distribution Solar panels DEMS storage infrastructure automation Energy Roll-out Roll-out Roll-out Roll-out Roll-out Applicability Applicability Applicability Applicability Applicability potential potential potential potential potential Smart Predictive Standardized Standardized buildings automation sec. systems automation Buildings Roll-out Roll-out Roll-out Roll-out Applicability Applicability Applicability Applicability potential potential potential potential

Bike-sharing Car-sharing Park & charge E-Buses Travel chains Mobility Roll-out Roll-out Roll-out Roll-out Roll-out Applicability Applicability Applicability Applicability Applicability potential potential potential potential potential Green Buil- Common Mobility Multi-func. Market places Social ding Monitor saunas Guide school centre

issues Roll-out Roll-out Roll-out Roll-out Roll-out Applicability Applicability Applicability Applicability Applicability potential potential potential potential potential

IMP Water Smart services Roll-out Roll-out Applicability Applicability potential potential

high Roll-out medium © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. potential Applicability low Page 209 September 2013 Rollout of proven cities approach to the Baltic Sea Region as additional growth lever

Rollout Concept for Baltic Sea Region Developing a guideline for development of sustainable districts . Best-practice case for sustainable district development in Baltic Sea Region . Guideline for development of sustainable city districts for Union of the Baltic Cities . Feed in to UBC Urban Platform agenda

Best Practice Sharing

. Baltic Development Forum Summit . Union of the Baltic Cities . EU Baltic Sea Region program Next step: Alignment with UBC/BDF Urban Platform agenda

Content Page

Content 1 Introduction, case for action and objectives 1 - 56

Skanssi and Castle Town – Content 2 57 - 210 Cornerstones of a sustainable development concept

Content 3 Content III: Toolbox and Outlook 211 – 214

© City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Page 211 September 2013 The toolbox guides integrated city administration teams through certain development phases of sustainable district planning

Sustainable City District Planning Toolbox Introduction Illustration Explanation

. City executives Target group . Integrated teams of city administration members and involved stakeholders

.Guidance of integrated teams through the process of Goal sustainable district development

.Including the phases from an initial project setup to the monitoring of the district‘s KPIs and its improvements Scope .Excluding the phases prior to the project setup, e.g. initial political decision making, and excluding the construction phase

.Exact location and the targeted size . # … .Key milestones of time plan for the new district (start of . m² Required . temporal construction, end of construction, etc) data .Core team exists and is committed input . … .Financing issues of the development process already taken care of

Strategic district & solution planning phase Construction phase Post-construction phase

Benchmarking

Implemen- DCP 1) Improve- Require- tation Reali- Monitoring Operational ment pl- … Setup Vision Challenges Solutions ments road- zation concept Monitoring anning 2) map DSD & exec.

Illustr.

.Kick-off .Vision .Challenges .Requirements .Gather .Gather .Design and .Adapting to .… Workshop workshop workshop interviews with possible implementa- new trends .Select with Core stakeholders pathways tion of .Selection .Site visits .Mega trend Team (academia, .Describe monitoring and first .Evaluate consideration .Assessment citizens, etc.) concept .Launch of descriptions .Check of the key .Select based on bench- of best .Match and connection challenges derived marking practices adjustments of with .Describe district KPIs study district profile operational pathway with monitoring

Major Activities requirements centers

.Project plan .District .Challenges .Require- .Selected .Complete .City .… .… profile classification ments list solutions list technology monitoring .Agreement attributes list (per infra- implementa- center in on core .Detailed (heatmap) structure tion roadmap operation values of .First description area, basic + collabora- .Future hypothesis and advanced) tion inhabitant how to evaluation of groups list overcome the solutions Deliverables challenges .KPIs

1) Detailed city planning © City of Turku & Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. Out of scope Within scope Parallel process 2) Detailed solution design Page 213 September 2013 Lessons learnt − issues to be taken into account in the planning process

7 Aspects of achieving a Throughout the project After the construction of sustainable district the district

• Defining a vision and its measures • Overall vision and the means for • Sustainable lifestyle of residents: • As early as possible achieving it encouraging and informing the residents • Clear, realistic and approved by about sustainable habits

all the project partners • Involving the residents from the • Continuous monitoring also after the beginning • Implementing the sustainable construction technologies & practices in the area from the start • Full commitment & cooperation of • Clear and adequate follow up goals • Public transport, services the project partners • Emphasizing the special elements of • Comprehensive documentation of the the area since the beginning • Emphasizing the special elements of results • e.g. storm water management, the area since the beginning • open availability of the results for smart grid  e.g. storm water management, smart grid benchmarking • Cooperation among all the project partners • Implementing the sustainable • Involving the residents from the technologies & practices in the area beginning from the start • Participation of residents for creating  e.g. public transport identity/ sense of community • Long-term commitment to the project • Comprehensive research work and profitability calculations

• Taking into account the financial risks of investments in new technologies

• Adaptability to future trends