Plasmopara Viticola Infection Affects Mineral Elements Allocation And
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Rpv Mediated Defense Responses in Grapevine Offspring Resistant to Plasmopara Viticola
plants Technical Note Rpv Mediated Defense Responses in Grapevine Offspring Resistant to Plasmopara viticola Tyrone Possamai 1 , Daniele Migliaro 2,* , Massimo Gardiman 2 , Riccardo Velasco 2 and Barbara De Nardi 2 1 Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; [email protected] 2 CREA - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, viale XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy; [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (R.V.); [email protected] (B.D.N.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 May 2020; Accepted: 20 June 2020; Published: 22 June 2020 Abstract: Downy mildew, caused by the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most serious grapevine diseases. The development of new varieties, showing partial resistance to downy mildew, through traditional breeding provides a sustainable and effective solution for disease management. Marker-assisted-selection (MAS) provide fast and cost-effective genotyping methods, but phenotyping remains necessary to characterize the host–pathogen interaction and assess the effective resistance level of new varieties as well as to validate MAS selection. In this study, the Rpv mediated defense responses were investigated in 31 genotypes, encompassing susceptible and resistant varieties and 26 seedlings, following inoculation of leaf discs with P. viticola. The offspring differed in Rpv loci inherited (none, one or two): Rpv3-3 and Rpv10 from Solaris and Rpv3-1 and Rpv12 from Kozma 20-3. To improve the assessment of different resistance responses, pathogen reaction (sporulation) and host reaction (necrosis) were scored separately as independent features. -
Evidence of Resistance to the Downy Mildew Agent Plasmopara Viticola in the Georgian Vitis Vinifera Germplasm
Vitis 55, 121–128 (2016) DOI: 10.5073/vitis.2016.55.121-128 Evidence of resistance to the downy mildew agent Plasmopara viticola in the Georgian Vitis vinifera germplasm S. L. TOFFOLATTI1), G. MADDALENA1), D. SALOMONI1), D. MAGHRADZE2), P. A. BIANCO1) and O. FAILLA1) 1) Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy 2) Scientific – Research Center of Agriculture, Tbilisi, Georgia Summary ability during late spring and summer usually prevent the spread of the disease (VERCESI et al. 2010). The control of Grapevine downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara downy mildew on grapevine varieties requires regular appli- viticola, is one of the most important diseases at the inter- cation of fungicides. However, the intensive use of chemicals national level. The mainly cultivated Vitis vinifera varie- becomes more and more restrictive due to human health ties are generally fully susceptible to P. viticola, but little risk and negative environmental impact (BLASI et al. 2011). information is available on the less common germplasm. Damages due to P. viticola could be reduced by using The V. vinifera germplasm of Georgia (Caucasus) is char- resistant grapevine varieties. The breeding programs are acterized by a high genetic diversity and it is different usually carried out by crossing V. vinifera with resistant from the main European cultivars. Aim of the study is species and in particular with American Vitaceae that co- finding possible sources of resistance in the Georgian evolved with the pathogen. The first generation hybrids, autochthonous varieties available in a field collection in obtained from the end of the XIXth to the beginning of the northern Italy. -
Elicitation of Grapevine Defense Responses Against Plasmopara Viticola , the Causal Agent of Downy Mildew
Elicitation of grapevine defense responses against Plasmopara viticola , the causal agent of downy mildew Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fachbereiche der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Durchgeführt am Institut für Phytopathologie und Angewandte Zoologie Vorgelegt von M.Sc. Moustafa Selim aus Kairo, Ägypten Dekan: Prof. Dr. Peter Kämpfer 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Kogel 2. Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. Tina Trenczek Dedication / Widmung I. DEDICATION / WIDMUNG: Für alle, die nach Wissen streben Und ihren Horizont erweitern möchten bereit sind, alles zu geben Und das Unbekannte nicht fürchten Für alle, die bereit sind, sich zu schlagen In der Wissenschaftsschlacht keine Angst haben Wissen ist Macht **************** For all who seek knowledge And want to expand their horizon Who are ready to give everything And do not fear the unknown For all who are willing to fight In the science battle Who have no fear Because Knowledge is power I Declaration / Erklärung II. DECLARATION I hereby declare that the submitted work was made by myself. I also declare that I did not use any other auxiliary material than that indicated in this work and that work of others has been always cited. This work was not either as such or similarly submitted to any other academic authority. ERKLÄRUNG Hiermit erklare ich, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbststandig angefertigt und nur die angegebenen Quellen and Hilfsmittel verwendet habe und die Arbeit der anderen wurde immer zitiert. Die Arbeit lag in gleicher oder ahnlicher Form noch keiner anderen Prufungsbehorde vor. II Contents III. CONTENTS I. DEDICATION / WIDMUNG……………...............................................................I II. ERKLÄRUNG / DECLARATION .…………………….........................................II III. -
Mildew (Peronospora Sparsa)
A review into control measures for blackberry downy mildew (Peronospora sparsa) Guy Johnson and Ruth D’Urban-Jackson ADAS Boxworth, Battlegate Road, Cambridgeshire, CB23 4NN Background Control of downy mildew in commercial blackberry production is becoming increasingly difficult. Losses of effective spray control products in recent years, particularly close to harvest, have exacerbated the problem. Novel and alternative approaches will be required in future. AHDB has already funded several projects to assess new control measures, but this desk study aims to identify additional ideas. Summary of main findings • Use of protected cropping to reduce leaf wetness will help minimise infection • Good site selection to maximise light interception, maintain good air movement and avoid natural sources of infection is important • Maintain good air movement by removing weed growth in the crop vicinity and managing the crop to avoid excessive vegetative growth • Reduce relative humidity below 85%. The use of air fans in glasshouse crops improves air movement • Manage nitrogen application carefully to avoid excessive leaf growth • Photoselective polythene to alter the wavelength of light reaching the crop could affect the infection rate, but this requires further study • The efficacy of the currently approved biopesticide control agents Serenade ASO, Sonata, Amylo X and Prestop requires further assessment • Elicitors (such as potassium phosphite) and plant extracts are known to offer varying levels of control, but these need further screening to assess -
Aphanomyces Euteiches Laurent Camborde
Fuctional characterization of different candidate effectors from the root rot oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches Laurent Camborde To cite this version: Laurent Camborde. Fuctional characterization of different candidate effectors from the root rot oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches. Vegetal Biology. Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2020. English. NNT : 2020TOU30227. tel-03208760 HAL Id: tel-03208760 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03208760 Submitted on 26 Apr 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Abstract Oomycetes are eukaryote pathogens able to infect plants and animals. During host interaction, oomycetes secrete various molecules, named effectors, to counteract plant defence and modulate plant immunity. Two different classes of cytoplasmic effectors have been described to date, Crinklers (CRNs) and RxLR proteins. The translocation process allowing the entrance into the host cells is still unclear, and while extended research gave insight into some molecular targets and role during infection, most of effectors have not been characterized. In the root rot pathogen of legumes Aphanomyces euteiches, only the CRNs are present. Based on a previous study reported by our research group, we published an opinion paper focused on the emergence of DNA damaging effectors and their role during infection. -
I. Albuginaceae and Peronosporaceae) !• 2
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE PERONOSPORALES OF OHIO (I. ALBUGINACEAE AND PERONOSPORACEAE) !• 2 C. WAYNE ELLETT Department of Plant Pathology and Faculty of Botany, The Ohio State University, Columbus ABSTRACT The known Ohio species of the Albuginaceae and of the Peronosporaceae, and of the host species on which they have been collected are listed. Five species of Albugo on 35 hosts are recorded from Ohio. Nine of the hosts are first reports from the state. Thirty- four species of Peronosporaceae are recorded on 100 hosts. The species in this family re- ported from Ohio for the first time are: Basidiophora entospora, Peronospora calotheca, P. grisea, P. lamii, P. rubi, Plasmopara viburni, Pseudoperonospora humuli, and Sclerospora macrospora. New Ohio hosts reported for this family are 42. The Peronosporales are an order of fungi containing the families Albuginaceae, Peronosporaceae, and Pythiaceae, which represent the highest development of the class Oomycetes (Alexopoulous, 1962). The family Albuginaceae consists of the single genus, Albugo. There are seven genera in the Peronosporaceae and four commonly recognized genera of Pythiaceae. Most of the species of the Pythiaceae are aquatic or soil-inhabitants, and are either saprophytes or facultative parasites. Their occurrence and distribution in Ohio will be reported in another paper. The Albuginaceae include fungi which are all obligate parasites of vascular plants, causing diseases known as white blisters or white rusts. These white blisters are due to the development of numerous conidia, sometimes called sporangia, in chains under the epidermis of the host. None of the five Ohio species of Albugo cause serious diseases of cultivated plants in the state. -
Characterization and Gene Expression Analysis of Kazal-Type Serine Protease Inhibitors of Globisporangium Ultimum
CHARACTERIZATION AND GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF KAZAL-TYPE SERINE PROTEASE INHIBITORS OF GLOBISPORANGIUM ULTIMUM Ashok Maharjan A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 2021 Committee: Vipaporn Phuntumart, Advisor Raymond Larsen Paul Morris © 2021 Ashok Maharjan All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Vipaporn Phuntumart, Advisor An oomycete pathogen, Globisporangium ultimum (also known as Pythium ultimum), causes damping-off on a wide range of hosts. This disease is one of the major constraints on soybean production. Although fungicide seed treatments are often used to combat the disease, significant losses occur in cool and moist conditions. In addition, the emergence of fungicide- resistant isolates, the lack of resistant cultivars, and the ineffectiveness of crop rotations pose further challenges in managing the disease. Hence, new molecular targets are needed to control G. ultimum. In this study, G. ultimum and G. sylvaticum were isolated from the soybean fields (Bowling Green, Ohio). Pathogenicity assays were evaluated on two soybean cultivars: William and William 82. The seed-and seedling rot assays determined that both the isolates were pathogenic to both the seeds and seedlings of soybeans. Globisporangium ultimum showed a 100% disease severity index (DSI) on both cultivars, while G. sylvaticum had a DSI of 73.1% and 93% on William and William 82, respectively. The seedling root rot assay showed a similar rate of infection in both cultivars, based on the root surface area compared to the control (healthy plant). Kazal-type serine protease inhibitors (KPIs) are produced and secreted by many pathogens, including G. -
Fungicide Resistance Evolution and Detection in Plant Pathogens: Plasmopara Viticola As a Case Study
microorganisms Review Fungicide Resistance Evolution and Detection in Plant Pathogens: Plasmopara viticola as a Case Study Federico Massi 1,* , Stefano F. F. Torriani 2, Lorenzo Borghi 2 and Silvia L. Toffolatti 1,* 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy 2 Syngenta Crop Protection Münchwilen AG, 4334 Stein, Switzerland; [email protected] (S.F.F.T.); [email protected] (L.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.M.); [email protected] (S.L.T.) Abstract: The use of single-site fungicides to control plant pathogens in the agroecosystem can be associated with an increased selection of resistance. The evolution of resistance represents one of the biggest challenges in disease control. In vineyards, frequent applications of fungicides are carried out every season for multiple years. The agronomic risk of developing fungicide resistance is, therefore, high. Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, is a high risk pathogen associated with the development of fungicide resistance. P. viticola has developed resistance to most of the fungicide classes used and constitutes one of the most important threats for grapevine production. The goals of this review are to describe fungicide resistance evolution in P. viticola populations and how to conduct proper monitoring activities. Different methods have been developed for phenotyping and genotyping P. viticola for fungicide resistance and the different phases of resistance evolution and life cycles of the pathogen are discussed, to provide a full monitoring toolkit to limit the spread of resistance. A detailed revision of the available tools will help in shaping Citation: Massi, F.; Torriani, S.F.F.; and harmonizing the monitoring activities between countries and organizations. -
Genome-Wide Characterization of Phytophthora Infestans 47 Metabolism: a Systems Biology Approach
Uncovering oomycete metabolism using systems biology Sander Y.A. Rodenburg Thesis committee Promotors Prof. Dr F.P.M. Govers Personal chair at the Laboratory of Phytopathology Wageningen University & Research Prof. Dr D. de Ridder Professor of the Bioinformatics Group Wageningen University & Research Co-promotors Dr M.F. Seidl Assistant Professor, Theoretical Biology & Bioinformatics Utrecht University Other members Prof. Dr J.M. Wells, Wageningen University & Research Prof. Dr J.M. McDowell, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg CA, USA Prof. Dr V. van Noort, Leiden University Dr M. Suarez Diez, Wageningen University & Research This work was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences. Uncovering oomycete metabolism using systems biology Sander Y.A. Rodenburg Thesis submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Tuesday 15 September at 16:00 p.m. in the Aula Sander Y.A. Rodenburg Uncovering oomycete metabolism using systems biology 174 pages PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands (2020) With references, with summaries in English and Dutch ISBN: 978-94-6395-494-5 DOI: 10.18174/528798 Table of contents Chapter 1 General introduction 7 Chapter 2 Oomycete metabolism is highly dynamic and reflects lifestyle 17 adaptations Chapter 3 Genome-wide characterization of Phytophthora infestans -
Plasmopara Viticola
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A multi-omics study of the grapevine-downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) pathosystem Received: 8 June 2017 Accepted: 15 December 2017 unveils a complex protein coding- Published: xx xx xxxx and noncoding-based arms race during infection Matteo Brilli 1,2, Elisa Asquini1, Mirko Moser 1, Pier Luigi Bianchedi1, Michele Perazzolli 1 & Azeddine Si-Ammour 1 Fungicides are applied intensively to prevent downy mildew infections of grapevines (Vitis vinifera) with high impact on the environment. In order to develop alternative strategies we sequenced the genome of the oomycete pathogen Plasmopara viticola causing this disease. We show that it derives from a Phytophthora-like ancestor that switched to obligate biotrophy by losing genes involved in nitrogen metabolism and γ-Aminobutyric acid catabolism. By combining multiple omics approaches we characterized the pathosystem and identifed a RxLR efector that trigger an immune response in the wild species V. riparia. This efector is an ideal marker to screen novel grape resistant varieties. Our study reveals an unprecedented bidirectional noncoding RNA-based mechanism that, in one direction might be fundamental for P. viticola to profciently infect its host, and in the other might reduce the efects of the infection on the plant. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an important commodity and comprises varieties for wine production and table grape for human consumption1. Wine production is a very lucrative activity and the world wine trade is worth almost US $30 billion. France, Italy and Spain are the largest European wine producing countries representing altogether half of the world production (http://www.oiv.int/). -
Integration of Early Disease-Resistance Phenotyping
Peng et al. Horticulture Research (2021) 8:108 Horticulture Research https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00543-w www.nature.com/hortres ARTICLE Open Access Integration of early disease-resistance phenotyping, histological characterization, and transcriptome sequencing reveals insights into downy mildew resistance in impatiens Ze Peng1,2, Yanhong He3,4, Saroj Parajuli 1,QianYou1, Weining Wang1, Krishna Bhattarai1, Aaron J. Palmateer5,6 and Zhanao Deng 1 Abstract Downy mildew (DM), caused by obligate parasitic oomycetes, is a destructive disease for a wide range of crops worldwide. Recent outbreaks of impatiens downy mildew (IDM) in many countries have caused huge economic losses. A system to reveal plant–pathogen interactions in the early stage of infection and quickly assess resistance/ susceptibility of plants to DM is desired. In this study, we established an early and rapid system to achieve these goals using impatiens as a model. Thirty-two cultivars of Impatiens walleriana and I. hawkeri were evaluated for their responses to IDM at cotyledon, first/second pair of true leaf, and mature plant stages. All I. walleriana cultivars were highly susceptible to IDM. While all I. hawkeri cultivars were resistant to IDM starting at the first true leaf stage, many (14/16) were susceptible to IDM at the cotyledon stage. Two cultivars showed resistance even at the cotyledon stage. Histological characterization showed that the resistance mechanism of the I. hawkeri cultivars resembles that in 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; grapevine and type II resistance in sunflower. By integrating full-length transcriptome sequencing (Iso-Seq) and RNA- Seq, we constructed the first reference transcriptome for Impatiens comprised of 48,758 sequences with an N50 length of 2060 bp. -
Studies in Plasmopara Halstedii
Title Studies in Plasmopara Halstedii Author(s) NISHIMURA, Makoto Citation Journal of the College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, Sapporo, Japan, 11(3), 185-210 Issue Date 1922-12-28 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/12565 Type bulletin (article) File Information 11(3)_p185-210.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Studies in Plasmopwra Halstedii BY llJnkoto Nishimura, Ph. D. Profe3S0r of Bot.J.ny, Fishery Department, The Hokkaido Imperial Univer<>ity, Sapporo, Japan. With Plates I-VI and Figures 1-7 in the Text. I. THE INFECTION OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L. BY ZOOSPORES. The writer has, during the last three years had an opportunity to study Plasmopara Halstedii as it occurs on Heliantltus an1tuus in the garden at Columbia University. The results of the study will be reported under three heads: 1. The study of the infection of Heliantltus an1tuus by Plasmopara Halstedii; II. A study of the fertilization processes; III. A cytological study of zoospore formation in conidia. In this paper it will be shown that a new type of infection for the Pero1tosporacece is found in Plasmopara Halstedii, namely, root infec tion by means of zoospores. A detailed study of fertilization processes of this species which has not been hitherto made will also be included. The cytological study of spore formation will be taken up in a later paper. Historical. Plasmopara Halstedz'i Farlow, was found by HALSTED first on Eupatorium purpureum near the Bussey Institution in May, 1876, and 12 F ARLOW ) referred to it in 1882.