Xiaohe Xu CV
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The Spring and Autumn Period & the Warring States Period
http://www.purpleculture.net CHINESE MUSIC Pentatonic scale friend Zhong Ziqi by Playing “Sanfen Sunyi” method It is the collective name of This was one of the ancient five musical scales: do, re, mi, the Qin have their roots in this Chinese Lü generation sol and la. All the traditional methods. Guan Zhong in the Chinese scale forms included period, which fully reflects the Spring and Autumn Period the said five scales. Various improved musical instrument invented the Sanfen Sunyi modes might be formed Method that was used to based on each tone that is playing and composing skills figure out the length of Lü considered the principal tone for the pentatonic scale. The in a sequence of music tones and the enhanced music same or similar Lü generation consisting of the pentatonic methods also appeared in scale. According to the scale appreciation skills as well. As for ancient Greek and Arabic names of the principal tones, countries. Based on length modes could fall into different playing the ancient qin, ancient of the vibrating bodies, categories, such as do-mode, qin players also attributed the Sanfen Sunyi method re-mode, mi-mode, sol-mode included two aspects: “sanfen and la-mode. superb qin performance to true sunyi” and “sanfen yiyi.” Cutting one-third from a and deep feelings. According certain chord meant “sanfen sunyi,” which could result in to historical records, the singing of famous musician the upper fifth of the chord Qin Qing in the Zhou Dynasty could “shock the trees tone; And increasing the chord by one-third meant and stop clouds from moving,” and the singing of the “sanfen yiyi,” which generated the lower quarter of the folk singer Han E could “linger in the mind for a long chord tone. -
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THE ST. JdfflJS NEWS. VOLUME XVIU—Na 38. THE ST. JOHNS ^NEWS, THURSDAY AFTERNOON. Maj 2. PAGES. ONE DOUJM A TBAB. BURIED LAST FRIDAY IMV M me SOCIAL EVENTS mSTALUTNW BONN lDMRi m I Hl VimKR.\i« HKRVIC’ES <IF l^\TIC NAI>PE:NIN€4H tiE THE WEEK IN MELD TFKSDAY BY 'THE NATIUK- I IE MlUi. .RARV Mc<liKK. IN HT. 4€»HNH WMTETl'. FUKIlin .AL PRflTKCTYVK UBOfON. lit*. Mftry A. McKee, whose death \l4»Hk ON THE CHAPMAN P.YC- MUs Anna Kyan and Miss MInnis AIMIII. KNDN BTITN THt^NDMR The new officers of the local lodge YKAK IMY WWUi MB OD April It. was related In last week's Harrinston entertained the teachers of National ProtectIre Laglon were C'RliUNAL AND CIVIL MA*] 111 m. JOHNS. laana, buried Friday. The fun- 1(;||Y TO BE ItCMHEII. of the city schiMds PrUlay evenInK In NWIRM AND PRRieBE. Installed Tuesday eeenlng by suite OP THE PART WEB erml aanrfces were conducted at the a ver>' pleasant an«l nx»vel manner. deputy J. It. Wyckoff of Grand Rap raaUMlce of her eon K. M> K«*e by At 7:10 the guests all In costume as ids as follows: Raw. O. 8. Northrop, the Iniermeni be- sembled at the home of Ml«s Ityan. Past president. Gserge O. Wilson: READY m THE HDUDAYS Um m*de In the Victor cemetery be- BY THE FIRST OF HIRE corner of Ottawa gnd Baldwin streets, THE COLDEST IN » YEARS pres.. Rosetta M. Drake; rice pram., it. NNSm B OONNi OVBt akla her husl»and who |uiee«-«l swax where they were ushered Into a room Herton K, Clark; eec'y. -
Five Phases Belief in Chu 楚: Sacrificing White Dogs to Save The
Name: Xueying Kong Department: East Asian Languages and Literatures 30th Hayes Graduate Research Forum (February, 2016) Five Phases Belief in Chu 楚: Sacrificing White Dogs to Save the Kingdom? Abstract: This paper is a corpus-based study on excavated bamboo-slip inscriptions from Chu state around 700 BCE. -300 BCE. It examines in detail a particular sacrifice made of white dogs and the historical and religious contexts for this ritual. The results show that this occult practice was performed as part of the five-god ritual system of Chu state. In the ritual Chu people singled out white dogs as appropriate sacrifice because in their belief, the energy flow from white dogs were able to destroy Chu state. The whole idea was based on the Five Phases theory, which served as a logical foundation for many cultural practices and social custom in early China. Key words: White dog sacrifice, five phases theory, Chu Bamboo-slip Inscriptions, five-god ritual system Introduction “Offering on the road a white dog, wine, and food as sacrifice,” reads a bamboo strip from Chu state (770BCE.-223 BCE.) in ancient China. 1 The same sentence or sentence structure with a dog (usually white) in it, recurs frequently in other bamboo slips from this time. For example, on bamboo slip No. 229 from Bao-shan Mountain, it reads: “making a sacrifice with a white dog, wine, and food” (Figure 2). Bamboo slip No. 233 says: “making sacrifice with a white dog, wine and food, killing the white dog at the main gate” (Figure 3). Bamboo-slip inscriptions (hereafter BSI) are one of the earliest types of written Chinese.2 From the beginning of 20th century, BSI have been unearthed from multiple ancient tombs, creating successive archeological sensations in China. -
Views of the Qin Instructor: Anthony Barbieri-Low Tuesdays, 9:00Am-11:50 Am Office: HSSB 4225 Location: HSSB 2252 Office Hours: Mon
History 184R: Views of the Qin Instructor: Anthony Barbieri-Low Tuesdays, 9:00am-11:50 am Office: HSSB 4225 Location: HSSB 2252 Office hours: Mon. 12:00-2:00 pm [email protected] Course Description: The Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC) was the first imperial house to rule the bulk of the territory we now think of as China. The Qin established the pattern for the imperial bureaucratic state that would rule China for the next two thousand years, and its unification of the various written scripts and metal currencies of feudal China ensured the cultural and economic unification of the land as well. But the Qin Dynasty has also been disparaged by later writers for its harsh laws, its excessive labor mobilizations, the autocratic rule of its emperors, and of course, the famous “burning of the books,” one of the most notorious literary inquisitions in history. In this course, students will look at the Qin Dynasty from a wide variety of perspectives. They will come to learn how this brief period in Chinese history has been viewed by later authors and through the lens of contemporary culture. The types of material that students will read or view in this course include primary historical documents, legal codes and casebooks, legends and literature, historical essays, archaeological materials, historical fiction, movies, comic books, and video games. Course Goals: The primary purpose of this course is to train you in the research and writing of a polished historical paper. This course will take you through the stages of a complete research paper -
Proof of Investors' Binding Borrowing Constraint Appendix 2: System Of
Appendix 1: Proof of Investors’ Binding Borrowing Constraint PROOF: Use the Kuhn-Tucker condition to check whether the collateral constraint is binding. We have h I RI I mt[mt pt ht + ht − bt ] = 0 If (11) is not binding, then mt = 0: We can write the investor’s FOC Equation (18) as: I I I I h I I I I i Ut;cI ct ;ht ;nt = bIEt (1 + it)Ut+1;cI ct+1;ht+1;nt+1 (42) At steady state, we have bI (1 + i) = 1 However from (6); we know bR (1 + i) = 1 at steady state. With parameter restrictions that bR > bI; therefore bI (1 + i) < 1; contradiction. Therefore we cannot have mt = 0: Therefore, mt > 0; and I h I RI thus we have bt = mt pt ht + ht : Q.E.D. Appendix 2: System of Steady-State Conditions This appendix lays out the system of equilibrium conditions in steady state. Y cR + prhR = + idR (43) N R R R r R R R UhR c ;h = pt UcR c ;h (44) R R R R R R UnR c ;h = −WUcR c ;h (45) 1 = bR(1 + i) (46) Y cI + phd hI + hRI + ibI = + I + prhRI (47) t N I I I h I I I h [1 − bI (1 − d)]UcI c ;h p = UhI c ;h + mmp (48) I I I h I I I r h [1 − bI (1 − d)]UcI c ;h p = UcI c ;h p + mmp (49) I I I [1 − bI (1 + i)]UcI c ;h = m (50) bI = mphhI (51) 26 ©International Monetary Fund. -
(And Misreading) the Draft Constitution in China, 1954
Textual Anxiety Reading (and Misreading) the Draft Constitution in China, 1954 ✣ Neil J. Diamant and Feng Xiaocai In 1927, Mao Zedong famously wrote that a revolution is “not the same as inviting people to dinner” and is instead “an act of violence whereby one class overthrows the authority of another.” From the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 until Mao’s death in 1976, his revolutionary vision became woven into the fabric of everyday life, but few years were as violent as the early 1950s.1 Rushing to consolidate power after finally defeating the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, or KMT) in a decades- long power struggle, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) threatened the lives and livelihood of millions. During the Land Reform Campaign (1948– 1953), landowners, “local tyrants,” and wealthier villagers were targeted for repression. In the Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries in 1951, the CCP attacked former KMT activists, secret society and gang members, and various “enemy agents.”2 That same year, university faculty and secondary school teachers were forced into “thought reform” meetings, and businessmen were harshly investigated during the “Five Antis” Campaign in 1952.3 1. See Mao’s “Report of an Investigation into the Peasant Movement in Hunan,” in Stuart Schram, ed., The Political Thought of Mao Tse-tung (New York: Praeger, 1969), pp. 252–253. Although the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) was extremely violent, the death toll, estimated at roughly 1.5 million, paled in comparison to that of the early 1950s. The nearest competitor is 1958–1959, during the Great Leap Forward. -
The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history. -
Heng Xian and the Problem of Studying Looted Artifacts
Dao (2013) 12:153–160 DOI 10.1007/s11712-013-9323-4 Heng Xian and the Problem of Studying Looted Artifacts Paul R. Goldin Published online: 10 April 2013 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Abstract Heng Xian is a previously unknown text reconstructed by Chinese scholars out of a group of more than 1,200 inscribed bamboo strips purchased by the Shanghai Museum on the Hong Kong antiquities market in 1994. The strips have all been assigned an approximate date of 300 B.C.E., and Heng Xian allegedly consists of thirteen of them, but each proposed arrangement of the strips is marred by unlikely textual transitions. The most plausible hypothesis is one that Chinese scholars do not appear to take seriously: that we are missing one or more strips. The paper concludes with a discussion of the hazards of studying unprovenanced artifacts that have appeared during China’s recent looting spree. I believe the time has come for scholars to ask themselves whether their work indirectly abets this destruction of knowledge. Keywords Heng Xian . Chinese philosophy . Shanghai Museum . Looting Heng Xian 恆先 (In the Primordial State of Constancy) is a previously unknown text reconstructed by Chinese scholars out of a group of more than 1,200 inscribed bamboo strips purchased by the Shanghai Museum on the Hong Kong antiquities market in 1994 (MA Chengyuan 2001: 1). The strips have all been assigned an approximate date of 300 B.C.E., and Heng Xian consists of thirteen of them. The first published version was edited by the veteran palaeographer LI Ling 李零 (LI Ling 2003). -
U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, CIC RESIDUAL PRESSURIZED
.-!:. NANE OF PESTICIDE PRODUCT NOTICE OF PESTICIDE: o ftEGISTRATION o M:EREGUTRATION (Under the Federal Insecticide, Fun~/"ide. CIC Residual Pressurized and Rodcnlicidt· A d. a:>: amended) Spray No. 1 NAME AND ADDRESS OF REGISTRANT ({ndudo ZIP code) r Coulst.on International Corporation 1'.0. Box 3lJ-' Palmer, I'A lH043 L NOTE: Changes in labeling formula difrering in substance (rom that accepted in connection wilh this registration must be submitted to and accepted by the Registration Division prior to use of the label in commerce. tn any correspondence on this product alwsys refer to the ahove U.S. EPA registration number. On the basis of inCormalion furnished by the registrant, the above named pesticide is hereby Registered/Reregistered under the FederallnsecUcide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. A copy of the labeling accepted in connection with this Registration/Reregistration is returned herewith. Registration is in no way to be construed as an indorsement or approval d this product by this Agency. In order to protect health and the environment, the Administrator, on his motion, may at any time suspend or cancel the registration of a pest icide in accordance with the Act. The acceptance of any name in connection with the registration of a product under this Act is not to be construed as giving the registrant a right 10 exclusive use of the name or to its use if it has been covered by others. '£his product is conditionally rt!gisterl!d in accordance .... ith FU'RA seeth:n 3(e)(7)(A) provided that you: 1. Submit and/or ci te all data required for registration/reregistration of your preduct under PIFRA section 3(c)(S) when the Agency requires all registrants of similar products to submit such data. -
Possibility That They Are Virtually Synchronous Sapiens. in Order To
KroeberAnthropological Society Papers, Nos. 71-72, 1990 A Case Study of the "erectus" - "sapiens" Transition in Asia: Hominid Remains from Hexian and Chaoxian Counties, Anhui Province, China Dennis A. Etler Newly discoveredfossil hominidsfrom the late middle Pleistocene ofChina demonstrate that archaic forms of Homo sapiens were either coexistent with or slightly more recent than advancedforms of Homo erectus. This is most clearly seen at sites in Hexian and Chaoxian counties, Anhui province, which date to between 150-200,000 YBP by uranium series tests. The replacement of H. erectus by archaic H. sapiens in China is characterized by the retention of a significant component of heritage features in archaic H. sapiens, overlaid by a mosaic of changes in craniofacial anatomy that trend towards modern humans. This new evidence givespowerful support to the regional continuity theory of human evolution in eastAsia. Furthermore, it suggests that the transitionfrom H. erectus to archaic H. sapiens in China was relatively quick andpossibly modulated by a heightening ofgeneflow between western and eastern Asia at approximately 250,000 YBP. INTRODUCTION per layers at ZKD Locality 1 (Chen et al. 1987; Chen and Yuan 1988). The uranium series The accelerated pace of discovery of late analyses, based on the internal concordance of middle Pleistocene - early late Pleistocene human 230Th/234U and 231pa/235U activity ratios of fossil remains in China over the last two decades bones and teeth associated with the human makes it possible to approach the question of the remains, date the Hexian site to between 150- "erectus" - "sapiens" transition in east Asia from 190,000 YBP and the Chaoxian site to between an entirely new empirical basis. -
AFRICA in CHINA's FOREIGN POLICY
AFRICA in CHINA’S FOREIGN POLICY YUN SUN April 2014 Yun Sun is a fellow at the East Asia Program of the Henry L. Stimson Center. NOTE: This paper was produced during the author’s visiting fellowship with the John L. Thornton China Center and the Africa Growth Initiative at Brookings. ABOUT THE JOHN L. THORNTON CHINA CENTER: The John L. Thornton China Center provides cutting-edge research, analysis, dialogue and publications that focus on China’s emergence and the implications of this for the United States, China’s neighbors and the rest of the world. Scholars at the China Center address a wide range of critical issues related to China’s modernization, including China’s foreign, economic and trade policies and its domestic challenges. In 2006 the Brookings Institution also launched the Brookings-Tsinghua Center for Public Policy, a partnership between Brookings and China’s Tsinghua University in Beijing that seeks to produce high quality and high impact policy research in areas of fundamental importance for China’s development and for U.S.-China relations. ABOUT THE AFRICA GROWTH INITIATIVE: The Africa Growth Initiative brings together African scholars to provide policymakers with high-quality research, expertise and innovative solutions that promote Africa’s economic development. The initiative also collaborates with research partners in the region to raise the African voice in global policy debates on Africa. Its mission is to deliver research from an African perspective that informs sound policy, creating sustained economic growth and development for the people of Africa. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: I would like to express my gratitude to the many people who saw me through this paper; to all those who generously provided their insights, advice and comments throughout the research and writing process; and to those who assisted me in the research trips and in the editing, proofreading and design of this paper. -
Weaponry During the Period of Disunity in Imperial China with a Focus on the Dao
Weaponry During the Period of Disunity in Imperial China With a focus on the Dao An Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty Of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE By: Bryan Benson Ryan Coran Alberto Ramirez Date: 04/27/2017 Submitted to: Professor Diana A. Lados Mr. Tom H. Thomsen 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 List of Figures 4 Individual Participation 7 Authorship 8 1. Abstract 10 2. Introduction 11 3. Historical Background 12 3.1 Fall of Han dynasty/ Formation of the Three Kingdoms 12 3.2 Wu 13 3.3 Shu 14 3.4 Wei 16 3.5 Warfare and Relations between the Three Kingdoms 17 3.5.1 Wu and the South 17 3.5.2 Shu-Han 17 3.5.3 Wei and the Sima family 18 3.6 Weaponry: 18 3.6.1 Four traditional weapons (Qiang, Jian, Gun, Dao) 18 3.6.1.1 The Gun 18 3.6.1.2 The Qiang 19 3.6.1.3 The Jian 20 3.6.1.4 The Dao 21 3.7 Rise of the Empire of Western Jin 22 3.7.1 The Beginning of the Western Jin Empire 22 3.7.2 The Reign of Empress Jia 23 3.7.3 The End of the Western Jin Empire 23 3.7.4 Military Structure in the Western Jin 24 3.8 Period of Disunity 24 4. Materials and Manufacturing During the Period of Disunity 25 2 Table of Contents (Cont.) 4.1 Manufacturing of the Dao During the Han Dynasty 25 4.2 Manufacturing of the Dao During the Period of Disunity 26 5.