Investigating University Ecosystems As a Key Factor for Entrepreneurial Education and Behavior
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TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK DEPARTMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP I N V E S T I G A T I N G U N I V E R S I T Y E C O S Y S T E M S A S A K E Y F A C T O R F O R E N T R E P R E N E U R I A L E D U C A T I O N A N D B E H A V I O R M A S T E R T H E S I S Marta Sabadell Marín, S196644 M.S.c Eng. Industrial Engineering Master Thesis Supervisors: Carina Lomberg Lasse Skovgaard Jensen February 3rd - July 3rd 30 ECTS II Master Thesis Technical University of Denmark Department of Entrepreneurship Investigating University ecosystems as a key factor for entrepreneurial education and behavior Danish title: Undersøgelse af universitets økosystemer med fokus på deres indvirkning på entreprenant uddannelse og adfærd Project: Thesis for the degree of MSc in Industrial Engineering Number of ECTS: 30 credits Author: Marta Sabadell Marin, s196644 Supervisors: Carina Lomberg and Lasse Skovgaard Jensen Start Date: 03/02/2020 Submission Date: 03/07/2020 Investigating University ecosystems as a key factor for entrepreneurial education and behavior Page III Abstract The emergence of university-based makerspaces and innovation hubs along with the introduction of new entrepreneurship courses, have created novel dynamics and cultures within educational institutions. The aim of introducing these new initiatives is to create an ecosystem that supports innovation and entrepreneurship (I&E) education and behavior in all levels of the institution to engage students in creating startup companies as well as developing their competences as innovators and entrepreneurs. However, among their community, the impact of these ecosystems in relation to the progress of entrepreneurial education is unclear. This thesis seeks to face the uncertainty of the impact with respect to the student body. To begin with, through a relaxed literature review, knowledge about the entrepreneurial ecosystems is established to formulate an evaluation template that analyzes the main domains of a university’s ecosystem; Leadership & Governance, Finance, Culture, Infrastructure, Human Capital, Markets & Networks and Metrics. This approach strives to determine the research framework for the project, which is based on five main areas of investigation: context, evolution, metrics, configuration and entrepreneurial education. In addition, three hypotheses (a, b, c) are established to delimitate the focus of the project. Subsequently, a case-study outline is determined from the evaluation of existing research within the field to study DTU’s ecosystem. The assessment is made through a desk- research analysis where the current infrastructure is characterized. Beyond this assessment, thanks to semi-structured interviews, insights about the dynamics are gained. In addition, a comparison with other ecosystems endeavors the enrichment of the study. The collected data and findings are grouped into sub-groups under the seven main domains and brought together to detect key areas of improvement by identifying gaps, overlaps and contradictory points among relevant stakeholders. As a result, this evaluation can be used as a basis to further analyze the present challenges from which proposals can be developed. Eventually, three improvement areas are emphasized: 1) The current ecosystem’s configuration has led to a lack of cooperation and competitive dynamics, resulting in a chaotic ecosystem difficult to navigate if not familiar with; 2) The integration of entrepreneurial education (EEd) does not guarantee a gradual development of I&E capabilities; and 3) There is no common monitoring of the EEd impact on students’ I&E IV Master Thesis journeys. These three improvement areas provide a new perspective on the current situation of DTU’s I&E ecosystem regarding students’ behavior and education. The project suggests several proposals with the common goal of displaying the ecosystem as an appealing environment for students to develop their competences. It can be concluded that in order to acquire this target the tracking of the impact of the ecosystem is essential for optimizing its performance. Finally, the assessment of the implemented hypothesis leads to the following conclusions; a) Building an entrepreneurial ecosystem takes time, therefore, it can be permitted to have a chaotic configuration as long as the coopetition dynamic is balanced. b) The commitment towards entrepreneurship can be presumed by the relevant stakeholders, however, it won’t be fully validated until specific objectives are set. c) The integration of entrepreneurship education into the students’ curriculum is not a priority since DTU is a technical institution. Consequently, the ecosystem plays a crucial role in shaping the students entrepreneurial mindset through their participation in extracurricular activities. Investigating University ecosystems as a key factor for entrepreneurial education and behavior Page V Learning objectives The learning objectives proposed for the project are the following: Objective 1 is about identifying and analyzing relevant literature about entrepreneurial ecosystems and documenting the underlying motivations and their effect on the engaged stakeholders. Objective 2 is about developing a model for comparison of relevant literature using relevant categories. Objective 3 is about planning and executing a participatory and case study research to investigate DTU’s ecosystem and understand its dynamics, challenges and key focus areas. Objective 4 is about analyzing and comparing other existing ecosystems both locally and abroad through a desk-research study. Objective 5 is about evaluating the collected data and the insights using comparative methods to identify key areas for improvement by identifying gaps, overlaps or conflicting points of view of relevant stakeholders. Objective 6 is about creating ideas and concepts for how DTU’s ecosystem can be improved, in terms of entrepreneurial education and behavior, based on the prior analysis. Objective 7 is about designing criteria and metrics for evaluating generated concepts and further detail most relevant concepts to progress DTU’s ecosystem. Objective 8 is about testing and evaluating parts of the detailed concepts with relevant stakeholders in DTU’s ecosystem. Objective 9 is about communicating the process and findings in a larger project report and oral presentation. VI Master Thesis Acknowledgments Writing this project has been an interesting and challenging experience that has had a meaningful impact on me. For this reason, I would like to thank all those people who have helped and supported me during this process. A special thanks to my supervisors Carina Lomberg and Lasse Skovgaard Jensen for trusting in me to carry out this project. I am especially grateful for the constructive critiques and suggestions facilitated along the way. Moreover, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to all the interviewees who were willing to allocate some of their time to contribute to this project. I felt extremely welcomed and accompanied during the interviews. Your contributions have entailed me to understand the ecosystem’s dynamics and inner-culture to carry out this project. Finally, I would also like to thank my family and friends who have supported me specially in the finalization of this project. A particular gratitude to Patricia Imaz and Andrea Esteve with whom I have been able to discuss many aspects of the project in order to improve it. Investigating University ecosystems as a key factor for entrepreneurial education and behavior Page VII Reading guideline This thesis is meant to be read in sequence from section 1 to section 9. Section 1 introduces the thesis, the research topic and the motivation for choosing it. Furthermore, the objectives and scope of the project are presented. Section 2 reviews the current literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems and it covers the fundamentals needed in the succeeding chapters. Section 3 presents the research framework in order to evaluate DTU’s ecosystem. In addition, it establishes the working hypothesis this project discusses. Section 4 introduces the main aspects considered when choosing the research methodologies for the explorative case study. Section 5 presents the case study analysis following the research framework. In this section, an extensive analysis of DTU’s innovative and entrepreneurial ecosystem is provided. Besides, a comparative desk-research analysis is also described. Section 6 displays an evaluation of DTU’s ecosystem extracted from comparing the collected data and insights obtained from the literature review, the desk-research and the interviews. Section 7 exposes suggestions for progressing DTU’s ecosystem and a validation process to test the concepts. Section 8 presents the conclusion on the working hypothesis formulated in Section 3. Furthermore, recommendations on future work are discussed. Section 9 argues the implications and limitations of this thesis as well as it reviews the project’s process. Section 10 provides the list of articles, papers, reports and webpages used. A section of Appendices, which is divided in internal and external sources, is provided for optional review. The internal appendices are cited as Appendix [Letter] and the external appendices are cited as Appendix [0_RefNº. Name of specific part]. In Appendix [0] specific instructions are displayed for further information. VIII Master Thesis Glossary This section gathers abbreviations and specific terms used in the project in order to clarify any doubts that can emerge through the reading of this document. Abbreviations