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Cotton Facts CottonFacts M. Rafiq Chaudhry Andrei Guitchounts International Cotton Advisory Committee CottonFacts CottonFacts Technical Paper No. 25 of the Common Fund for Commodities M. Rafiq Chaudhry Andrei Guitchounts International Cotton Advisory Committee Cotton Producing Areas in the World Europe Americas iv Asia Africa Oceania by Carmen S. León v Copyright © 2003 Common Fund for Commodities International Cotton Advisory Committee All rights are reserved. "Fair use" of the information in this book is permitted provided the reference is properly acknowledged. For additional permission contact the International Cotton Advisory Committee at [email protected]. First Edition 2003 ISBN 0-9704918-3-2 Library of Congress Control No. 2003107604 Contents Cotton Map . .iv Foreword . .xi Introduction . .xiii Acknowledgements . .xv 1. The Cotton Plant and its Organs . .1 The Plant . .1 Taxonomy . .1 Nodes . .3 Branches . .3 Flower . .4 Root . .5 Seed . .6 Leaf . .10 Boll . .13 Yield . .14 Production Technology . .15 Organic Cotton . .15 Precision Agriculture . .16 2. Breeding . .17 Breeding Methods . .18 Hybrid Cotton . .22 Biotechnology . .25 Genetic Engineering . .25 Milestones in Genetic Engineering of Cotton . .31 Natural Outcrossing . .32 Gossypol . .33 Colored Cotton . .34 Contents vii 3. Agronomy and Physiology . .35 Growth and Fruit Formation . .35 Nutrition . .40 Weed Control . .43 4. Diseases . .45 5. Insects . .57 Insect Identification, Biology and Nature of Damage . .57 Sucking Insects . .57 Feeders . .62 Bollworms . .68 Natural Enemies (Beneficials) . .73 Insect Parasites . .76 Pathogens . .77 Insecticide Resistance . .77 Insect Control Methods . .79 Commonly Used Terms in Insect Pest Control . .83 6. Fiber Quality . .85 Fiber Formation . .85 Fiber Quality Parameters . .87 Machine Picking . .90 Ginning . .92 Cotton Cleaning . .93 Cotton Baling . .94 7. Spinning and Weaving . .95 8. Pricing and Price Risk Management . .101 9. Cotton Exchanges . .110 viii CottonFacts 10. International Cotton Organizations and Associations . .116 11. Trade and Shipping . .129 Contract for Sale of Cotton . .130 Contracted Quality . .130 Terms of Sale . .130 Shipping . .131 Insurance . .134 Payments and Documents . .135 Weighing, Sampling and Classing . .136 Common Fund for Commodities Projects on Cotton . .137 Conversion Factors . .142 Production and Trade Statistics . .145 References . .147 Index . .151 Contents ix Foreword Cotton is a major agricultural and industrial crop that provides employment and income for hundreds of millions of people involved in its produc- tion, processing and marketing in more than 60 countries. For many countries in the developing world, cotton forms the economic base and is a major foreign exchange earner. The Common Fund for Commodities and the International Cotton Advisory Committee, within their specific mandates, have established a fruitful co- operation in providing support to the cotton growers in developing countries through projects ranging from crop protection, cotton variety development and post-harvest activities to by-product development and market oriented activities. Cotton Facts, which is an example of this co-operation, aims at providing a concise overview of definitions and terminology commonly used in cotton production, processing, marketing and use. The book contains a wealth of factual information and is directed to practitioners, researchers, scholars and students who wish to have a quick reference guide on specific cotton-related issues. This publication has been prepared by senior staff of the International Cotton Advisory Committee, supported by information from.
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