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Eggplant Integrated Pest Management

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Eggplant Integrated Pest Management Eggplant Integrated Pest Management AN ECOLOGICAL GUIDE TRAINING RESOURCE TEXT ON CROP DEVELOPMENT, MAJOR AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, DISEASE AND INSECT ECOLOGY, INSECT PESTS, NATURAL ENEMIES AND DISEASES OF EGGPLANT FAO Inter-Country Programme for Integrated Pest Management In Vegetables in South and Southeast Asia June 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS WHY THIS GUIDE? .................................................................................................................................... 1 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT: BEYOND BUGS….......................................................................... 2 1.2 THE VEGETABLE IPM PROGRAMME .................................................................................................. 2 1.3 DEVELOPING VEGETABLE IPM BASED ON RICE IPM ........................................................................... 3 1.4 EGGPLANT: A BIT OF HISTORY........................................................................................................... 3 2 EGGPLANT CROP DEVELOPMENT..................................................................................................... 4 2.1 EGGPLANT GROWTH STAGES............................................................................................................ 5 2.2 SUSCEPTIBILITY OF EGGPLANT GROWTH STAGES TO PESTS ............................................................... 5 3 MAJOR AGRONOMIC PRACTICES...................................................................................................... 8 3.1 CLIMATE AND SITE SELECTION .......................................................................................................... 9 3.2 SELECTING A VARIETY...................................................................................................................... 9 3.2.1 Hybrids and open pollinated varieties.................................................................................... 9 3.2.2 Resistant varieties................................................................................................................ 10 3.3 SEED SELECTION........................................................................................................................... 11 3.4 SEED EXTRACTION......................................................................................................................... 12 3.5 SEED GERMINATION....................................................................................................................... 12 3.6 SEED TREATMENTS........................................................................................................................ 12 3.6.1 Physical seed treatment ..................................................................................................... 13 3.6.2 Chemical seed treatment.................................................................................................... 14 3.6.3 Botanical seed treatment .................................................................................................... 14 3.6.4 Biological seed treatment ................................................................................................... 14 3.7 SOIL ............................................................................................................................................. 15 3.7.1 The living soil ...................................................................................................................... 15 3.7.2 Soil type .............................................................................................................................. 15 3.7.3 Soil infection........................................................................................................................ 16 3.7.4 Soil sterilization................................................................................................................... 17 3.7.5 Soil pH ................................................................................................................................ 17 3.7.6 Measuring and adjusting soil pH......................................................................................... 18 3.7.7 Soil conservation and erosion control................................................................................. 19 3.8 FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT.............................................................................................................. 20 3.8.1 Macro and micro nutrients .................................................................................................. 20 3.8.2 Soil testing .......................................................................................................................... 21 3.8.3 Role of organic matter and micro-organisms...................................................................... 21 3.8.3.1 Compost ............................................................................................................................ 22 3.8.3.2 Cover crops, Green manure, and Living mulch................................................................. 27 3.8.3.3 Manure............................................................................................................................... 28 3.8.3.4 Organic mulches................................................................................................................ 29 3.8.4 Chemical fertilizers.............................................................................................................. 30 3.8.5 Comparing organic and chemical fertilizers........................................................................ 30 3.8.6 Foliar fertilizers.................................................................................................................... 31 3.8.7 Fertilization needs of eggplant............................................................................................ 31 3.9 PLANTING TIME AND PEST OCCURRENCE......................................................................................... 32 3.10 NURSERY MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................ 32 3.10.1 Soil sterilization................................................................................................................... 32 3.10.1.1 Burning organic material on the soil ................................................................................ 33 3.10.1.2 Solarization...................................................................................................................... 33 3.10.1.3 Use of sub-soil................................................................................................................. 34 3.10.1.4 Biofumigation................................................................................................................... 34 3.10.1.5 Biological soil sterilization................................................................................................ 34 3.10.1.6 Boiled water..................................................................................................................... 35 3.10.2 Sowing ................................................................................................................................ 35 3.10.2.1 Flat field and raised seedbeds......................................................................................... 35 3.10.2.2 Sowing in pots ................................................................................................................. 36 3.11 FIELD PREPARATION ...................................................................................................................... 37 i Eggplant Ecological Guide 3.11.1 Working the soil .................................................................................................................. 37 3.11.2 Transplanting ...................................................................................................................... 38 3.11.3 Planting density................................................................................................................... 39 3.11.4 Mulching.............................................................................................................................. 39 3.12 PRUNING, RATOON CROPS, AND STAKING........................................................................................ 40 3.13 GRAFTING..................................................................................................................................... 41 3.14 WATER MANAGEMENT.................................................................................................................... 42 3.14.1 Drainage ............................................................................................................................. 42 3.14.2 Irrigation .............................................................................................................................. 42 3.15 INTERCROPPING AND TRAP CROPS ................................................................................................. 43 3.15.1 Intercropping and barrier crops........................................................................................... 43 3.15.2 Trap crops..........................................................................................................................
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