A Reconstruction of the Mathematical Tables Project's Table Of
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Computer Oral History Collection, 1969-1973, 1977
Computer Oral History Collection, 1969-1973, 1977 Interviewee: John H. Curtiss Interviewer: Henry S. Tropp Date: March 9, 1973 Repository: Archives Center, National Museum of American History TROPP: This is a discussion with Professor John H. Curtiss in his office at the University of Miami in Coral Gables. Professor Curtiss is Professor of Mathematics here at the University of Miami. [Recorder off]. I guess the first question is really quite a general one and that is: You were in the Navy during the war and on leave of absence from Cornell as a mathematician. How did you end up at the Bureau of Standards? CURTISS: Dr. W. Edward Deming, who is one of my best friends in Washington, at that time was a senior adviser, statistical adviser, at the Bureau of the Budget -- was friendly with Dr. E. U. Condon. Dr. Deming, like some other great statisticians at the time and before, was himself a trained physicist. I believe Karl Pearson was a physicist and I believe also R. A. Fisher was a physicist; and naturally the physicists more or less knew each other, and so Dr. Deming felt that there should be a statistical adviser in the Bureau of Standards just as there was one in the Census Bureau -- that is, a person qualified statistically who had the ... who had publications and who might, say, be a Fellow of the Institute and the Association, just as Morris Hanson had the same qualifications for a parallel job with Census. I believe that Dr. Deming actually brought Hanson, Mr. Hanson, to the Census Bureau. -
Hannes Werthner Frank Van Harmelen Editors
Hannes Werthner Frank van Harmelen Editors Informatics in the Future Proceedings of the 11th European Computer Science Summit (ECSS 2015), Vienna, October 2015 Informatics in the Future Hannes Werthner • Frank van Harmelen Editors Informatics in the Future Proceedings of the 11th European Computer Science Summit (ECSS 2015), Vienna, October 2015 Editors Hannes Werthner Frank van Harmelen TU Wien Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Wien, Austria Amsterdam, The Netherlands ISBN 978-3-319-55734-2 ISBN 978-3-319-55735-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-55735-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017938012 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. This work is subject to copyright. All commercial rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. -
Projects and Publications of the National Applied
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT 2688 PROJECTS and PUBLICATIONS « of the NATIONAL APPLIED MATHEMATICS LABORATORIES A Quarterly Report April through June 1953 <NBp> U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Sinclair Weeks, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS A. V. Astin, Director THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards is suggested in the following listing of the divisions and sections engaged in technical work. In general, each section is engaged in special- ized research, development, and engineering in the field indicated by its title. A brief description of the activities, and of the resultant reports and publications, appears on the inside of the back cover of this report. Electricity. Resistance Measurements. Inductance and Capacitance. Electrical Instruments. Magnetic Measurements. Applied Electricity. Electrochemistry. Optics and Metrology. Photometry and Colorimetry. Optical Instruments. Photographic Technology. Length. Gage. Heat and Power. Temperature Measurements. Thermodynamics. Cryogenics. Engines and Lubrication. Engine Fuels. Cryogenic Engineering. Atomic and Radiation Physics. Spectroscopy. Radiometry. Mass Spectrometry. Solid State Physics. Electron Physics. Atomic Physics. Neutron Measurements. Infrared Spectroscopy. Nuclear Physics. Radioactivity. X-Rays. Betatron. Nucleonic Instrumentation. Radio- logical Equipment. Atomic Energy Commission Instruments Branch. Chemistry. Organic Coatings. Surface Chemistry. Organic -
Projects and Publications of the Applied Mathematics Division: A
Projects and Publications of the NATIONAL APPLIED MATHEMATICS LABORATORIES A QUARTERLY REPORT April through June 1949 NATIONAL APPLIED MATHEMATICS LABORATORIES of the NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS . i . NATIONAL APPLIED MATHEMATICS LABORATORIES April 1 through June 30, 1949 ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE John H. Curtiss, Ph.D., Chief Edward W. Cannon, Ph.D., Assistant Chief Myrtle R. Kellington, M.A., Technical Aid Luis 0. Rodriguez, M.A. , Chief Clerk John B. Tallerico, B.C.S., Assistant Chief Clerk Jacqueline Y. Barch, Secretary Dora P. Cornwell, Secretary Vivian M. Frye, B.A., Secretary Esther McCraw, Secretary Pauline F. Peterson, Secretary INSTITUTE FOR NUMERICAL ANALYSIS COMPUTATION LABORATORY Los Angeles, California Franz L. Alt, Ph.D. Assistant and Acting Chief John H. Curtiss, Ph.D Acting Chief Oneida L. Baylor... Card Punch Operator Albert S. Cahn, Jr., M.S ...... Asst, to the Chief Benjamin F. Handy, Jr. M.S Gen'l Phys’l Scientist Research Staff: Joseph B. Jordan, B.A. Mathematician Edwin F. Beckenboch, Ph.D Mathematician Joseph H. Levin, Ph.D. Mathematician Monroe D. Donsker, Ph.D Mathemat ician Michael S. Montalbano, B.A Mathematician William Feller, Ph.D Mathematician Malcolm W. Oliphant, J A Mathematician George E. Forsythe, Ph.D Mathemat ician Albert H. Rosenthal... Tabulating Equipment Supervisor Samuel Herrick, Ph.D Mathemat ician Lillian Sloane General Clerk Magnus R. Hestenes, Ph.D Mathemat ician Irene A. Stegun, M.A. Mathematician Mathemat ician Mark Kac , Ph.D Milton Stein Mathematician Cornelius Lanczos, Ph.D Mathematician Ruth Zucker, B.A Mathematician Alexander M. Ostrowski, Ph.D Mathematician Computers Raymond P. Peterson, Jr., M.A Mathematician John A. -
Projects and Publications of the Applied Mathematics
Projects and Publications of the NATIONAL APPLIED MATHEMATICS LABORATORIES A QUARTERLY REPORT October through December 1949 NATIONAL APPLIED MATHEMATICS LABORATORIES of the NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS : . .. NATIONAL APPLIED MATHEMATICS LABORATORIES October 1 through December 31, 1949 ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE John H. Curtiss, Ph.D., Chief Edward W. Cannon, Ph.D., Assistant Chief Olga Taussky-Todd, Ph.D., Mathematics Consultant Myrtle R. Wellington, M.A., Technical Aid Luis 0. Rodriguez, M.A., Chief Clerk John B. Taller ico, B.C.S., Assistant Chief Clerk Jacqueline Y. Barch, Secretary Dora P. Cornwell, Secretary Esther McCraw, Secretary Pauline F. Peterson, Secretary INSTITUTE FOR NUMERICAL ANALYSIS COMPUTATION LABORATORY Los Angeles, California J. Barkley Rosser, Ph.D Director of Research John Todd, B.S Chief Albert S. Cahn, Jr., M.S Assistant to Director Franz L. Alt, Ph.D Assistant Chief Arnold N. Lowan, Ph.D .... Consultant Research Staff Jack Belzer, B.A . Mathematician Forman S. Acton, Ph.D Mathematic 1 an Donald 0. Larson, B.S . Mathematician George E. Forsythe, Ph.D Mathematician Joseph H. Levin, Ph.D . Mathematician Magnus R. Hestenes, Ph.D Mathematic 1 an Herbert E. Salzer, M.A . Mathematician William Karush, Ph.D Mathematician Irene A. Stegun, M.A . Mathematician Cornelius Lanczos, Ph.D Mathematician Computing Staff: Alexander M. Ostrowski, Ph.D . Consultant Otto Szasz, Ph.D Mathematician Oneida L. Baylor Lionel Levinson, B. M.E. Wolfgang R. Wasow, Ph.D.*... Mathematician Ruth E. Capuano Dav IdS. Li epman Natalie Coplan, B.A. Michael S. Montalbano, B.A. Graduate Fellows: Bernard C. Dove Malcolm W. Oliphant, M.A. George E. Gourrich, B. -
Appendix I: on the Early History of Pi
Appendix I: On the Early History of Pi Our earliest source on 7r is a problem from the Rhind mathematical papyrus, one of the few major sources we have for the mathematics of ancient Egypt. Although the material on the papyrus in its present form comes from about 1550 B.C. during the Middle Kingdom, scholars believe that the mathematics of the document originated in the Old Kingdom, which would date it perhaps to 1900 B.C. The Egyptian source does not state an explicit value for 7r, but tells, instead, how to compute the area of a circle as the square of eight-ninths of the diameter. (One is reminded of the 'classical' problem of squaring the circle.) Quite different is the passage in I Kings 7, 23 (repeated in II Chronicles 4, 21), which clearly implies that one should multiply the diameter of a circle by 3 to find its circumference. It is worth noting, however, that the Egyptian and the Biblical texts talk about what are, a priori, different concepts: the diameter being regarded as known in both cases, the first text gives a factor used to produce the area of the circle and the other gives (by implication) a factor used to produce the circumference.1 Also from the early second millenium are Babylonian texts from Susa. In the mathematical cuneiform texts the standard factor for multiplying the diameter to produce the circumference is 3, but, according to some interpre tations, the Susa texts give a value of 31.2 Another source of ancient values of 7r is the class of Indian works known as the Sulba Sfitras, of which the four most important, and oldest are Baudhayana, .Apastamba, Katyayana and Manava (resp. -
Journey Through Mathematics: Creative Episodes in Its History, 1 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-92154-9 1, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 2 Trigonometry Chapter 1
Journey through Mathematics Enrique A. González-elasco Journey through Mathematics Creative Episodes in Its History Enrique A. González-Velasco Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Massachusetts at Lowell Lowell, MA 01854 USA [email protected] ISBN 978-0-387-92153-2 e-ISBN 978-0-387-92154-9 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-92154-9 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011934482 Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 01-01, 01A05 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Cover Image: Drawing in the first printed proof of the fundamental theorem of calculus, published by Heir of Paolo Frambotti, Padua in 1668, by James Gregory in GEOMETRIÆ PARS VNIVERSALIS (The Universal Part of Geometry). Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To my wife, Donna, who solved quite a number of riddles for me. -
Annexures-Manchester
Annexure 1. (a) Manchester news release of 13 Aug 2007 and (b) some derived news reports. News item (The University of Manchester) Page 1 of 3 You are here: Home > About Us > News > News item Indians predated Newton 'discovery' by 250 years 13 Aug 2007 A little known school of scholars in southwest India discovered one of the founding principles of modern mathematics hundreds of years before Newton according to new research. Dr George Gheverghese Joseph from The University of Manchester says the 'Kerala School' identified the 'infinite series'- one of the basic components of calculus - in about 1350. The discovery is currently - and wrongly - attributed in books to Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibnitz at the end of the seventeenth centuries. The team from the Universities of Manchester and Exeter reveal the Kerala School also discovered what amounted to the Pi series and used it to calculate Pi correct to 9, 10 and later 17 decimal places. And there is strong circumstantial evidence that the Indians passed on their discoveries to mathematically knowledgeable Jesuit missionaries who visited India during the fifteenth century. That knowledge, they argue, may have eventually been passed on to Newton himself. Dr Joseph made the revelations while trawling through obscure Indian papers for a yet to be published third edition of his best selling book 'The Crest of the Peacock: the Non- European Roots of Mathematics' by Princeton University Press. He said: "The beginnings of modern maths is usually seen as a European achievement but the discoveries in medieval India between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries have been ignored or forgotten. -
Visiting Mathematicians Jon Barwise, in Setting the Tone for His New Column, Has Incorporated Three Articles Into This Month's Offering
OTICES OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY The Growth of the American Mathematical Society page 781 Everett Pitcher ~~ Centennial Celebration (August 8-12) page 831 JULY/AUGUST 1988, VOLUME 35, NUMBER 6 Providence, Rhode Island, USA ISSN 0002-9920 Calendar of AMS Meetings and Conferences This calendar lists all meetings which have been approved prior to Mathematical Society in the issue corresponding to that of the Notices the date this issue of Notices was sent to the press. The summer which contains the program of the meeting. Abstracts should be sub and annual meetings are joint meetings of the Mathematical Associ mitted on special forms which are available in many departments of ation of America and the American Mathematical Society. The meet mathematics and from the headquarters office of the Society. Ab ing dates which fall rather far in the future are subject to change; this stracts of papers to be presented at the meeting must be received is particularly true of meetings to which no numbers have been as at the headquarters of the Society in Providence, Rhode Island, on signed. Programs of the meetings will appear in the issues indicated or before the deadline given below for the meeting. Note that the below. First and supplementary announcements of the meetings will deadline for abstracts for consideration for presentation at special have appeared in earlier issues. sessions is usually three weeks earlier than that specified below. For Abstracts of papers presented at a meeting of the Society are pub additional information, consult the meeting announcements and the lished in the journal Abstracts of papers presented to the American list of organizers of special sessions. -
Projects and Publications of the Applied Mathematics
Projects and Publications of the NATIONAL APPLIED MATHEMATICS LABORATORIES A QUARTERLY REPORT April through June 1949 NATIONAL APPLIED MATHEMATICS LABORATORIES of the NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS . i . NATIONAL APPLIED MATHEMATICS LABORATORIES April 1 through June 30, 1949 ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE John H. Curtiss, Ph.D., Chief Edward W. Cannon, Ph.D., Assistant Chief Myrtle R. Kellington, M.A., Technical Aid Luis 0. Rodriguez, M.A. , Chief Clerk John B. Tallerico, B.C.S., Assistant Chief Clerk Jacqueline Y. Barch, Secretary Dora P. Cornwell, Secretary Vivian M. Frye, B.A., Secretary Esther McCraw, Secretary Pauline F. Peterson, Secretary INSTITUTE FOR NUMERICAL ANALYSIS COMPUTATION LABORATORY Los Angeles, California Franz L. Alt, Ph.D. Assistant and Acting Chief John H. Curtiss, Ph.D Acting Chief Oneida L. Baylor... Card Punch Operator Albert S. Cahn, Jr., M.S ...... Asst, to the Chief Benjamin F. Handy, Jr. M.S Gen'l Phys’l Scientist Research Staff: Joseph B. Jordan, B.A. Mathematician Edwin F. Beckenboch, Ph.D Mathematician Joseph H. Levin, Ph.D. Mathematician Monroe D. Donsker, Ph.D Mathemat ician Michael S. Montalbano, B.A Mathematician William Feller, Ph.D Mathematician Malcolm W. Oliphant, J A Mathematician George E. Forsythe, Ph.D Mathemat ician Albert H. Rosenthal... Tabulating Equipment Supervisor Samuel Herrick, Ph.D Mathemat ician Lillian Sloane General Clerk Magnus R. Hestenes, Ph.D Mathemat ician Irene A. Stegun, M.A. Mathematician Mathemat ician Mark Kac , Ph.D Milton Stein Mathematician Cornelius Lanczos, Ph.D Mathematician Ruth Zucker, B.A Mathematician Alexander M. Ostrowski, Ph.D Mathematician Computers Raymond P. Peterson, Jr., M.A Mathematician John A. -
When Computers Were Human
When Computers Were Human When Computers Were Human David Alan Grier princeton university press princeton and oxford Copyright © 2005 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 3 Market Place, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1SY All Rights Reserved Third printing, and first paperback printing, 2007 Paperback ISBN: 978-0-691-13382-9 The Library of Congress has cataloged the cloth edition of this book as follows Grier, David Alan, 1955 Feb. 14– When computers were human / David Alan Grier. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-691-09157-9 (acid-free paper) 1. Calculus—History. 2. Science—Mathematics—History. I. Title. QA303.2.G75 2005 510.922—dc22 2004022631 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Sabon Printed on acid-free paper. ∞ press.princeton.edu Printed in the United States of America 109876543 FOR JEAN Who took my people to be her people and my stories to be her own without realizing that she would have to accept a comet, the WPA, and the oft-told tale of a forgotten grandmother Contents Introduction A Grandmother’s Secret Life 1 Part I: Astronomy and the Division of Labor 9 1682–1880 Chapter One The First Anticipated Return: Halley’s Comet 1758 11 Chapter Two The Children of Adam Smith 26 Chapter Three The Celestial Factory: Halley’s Comet 1835 46 Chapter Four The American Prime Meridian 55 Chapter Five A Carpet for the Computing Room 72 Part II: -
The Genealogy of Johann Theodor Peters's Great Mathematical Tables
The genealogy of Johann Theodor Peters’s great mathematical tables Denis Roegel 29 August 2016 (last version: 4 May 2017) Abstract Johann Theodor (Jean) Peters (1869–1941) is the author of numer- ous mathematical tables, in particular the well-known 8-place tables of logarithms coauthored with Julius Bauschinger and published in 1910–1911. This article reviews Peters’s main tables, and presents their genealogy, in order to supplement Peters’s tables and their re- constructions. In 2016, we published reconstructions of almost all of the large mathe- matical tables authored by Johann Theodor Peters (1869–1941), after hav- ing earlier already reconstructed a table of factors coauthored by Peters [60]. This represents a total of 22 volumes for which we have each time written an introduction and tried to analyze as best as we could the methods employed by Peters. Working on all these tables, or even on only some of them, may give rise to some confusion and numbness, as one becomes easily drowned by the various tables, sometimes with almost identical titles. And yet, all these tables are actually different. The purpose of this article is to sort all these tables out and to give a global picture. It does also serve as a general introduction to all the tables which have been reconstructed. 1 A brief biography Peters was born Johann Theodor Peters in Köln in 1869 [33, 26, 32, 31, 30], but throughout his life he was mostly known as “Jean Peters.” He studied mathematics and astronomy at the University of Bonn. He became interested 1 Figure 1: From left to right, the astronomer Karl Heinrich Willy Kruse (1889–1945), Leslie John Comrie (1893–1950) and Peters, 1930.