Story of Romulus and Remus

Homework Overview for Topic 1 – Romans

Week Taught Content Knowledge Organiser Homework Class Test Questions 1 Roman inventions and Romulus A Questions on Roman inventions and Remus and Romulus and Remus 2 Roman army B Questions on Roman inventions, Romulus and Remus and Roman army 3 Pompeii C Questions on Roman army and Pompeii 4 Family and Roman goods D Questions on family and Roman goods 5 Public health and Gladiators E Questions on public health and Gladiators 6 and 7 Fall of the Roman Empire H Questions on the fall of the Roman Empire

Roman Empire and Inventions Story of Romulus and Remus

- An empire is a collection of countries (known as colonies) that are Legend- Legends are stories about the past. They are often handed controlled by one powerful mother territory. down from parents to children, and told over and over again. - The mother territory usually imposes its laws and rules over all colonies it controls. The twin brothers Romulus and Remus were the sons of the God - Its believed to have started with the foundation of the city of Rome Mars. Mars was the god of war. When they were very young they in 753BC. were thrown into the River Tiber under the orders of Amulius, the - The rulers of Rome (known as the Romans) created a strong army ruler of Italy, who was worried they would dethrone him given they which soon conquered the rest of Italy. - Over the next 1,000 years, the Romans conquered a quarter of the had a claim to the throne through their mother, Princess Rhea Silvia. globe! Luckily, they were found by a wolf who fed them with her milk and - The land that they conquered roughly consists of 40 countries looked after them. today! - Most of these countries were in Europe, but some were also in Later a shepherd found the boys and took them home to look after Africa and Asia! them. He ended up raising the boys as his own children. The boys grew - Eventually, the Roman Empire steadily began to collapse and up to be very strong and clever and decided to build a town on the ended around 500AD. spot where the Shepherd had found them. - Romans gave us architecture- such as the leaning tower of Pisa. - Romans gave us the sewers, which kept the cities free from waste. Shortly after building the town the twins had a big argument about We still have sewers today. who should be in charge. Romulus overpowered his brother Remus - The Romans gave us underfloor heating to keep the houses warm. who died in the fight. Romulus then became the first king of this town - The Romans built roads so that their army could march from one which he named Rome, after himself. place to another. - The Romans developed a set of rules for the country, which we have today. - The Romans developed a system of money that used coins. - The Romans also gave us public toilets.

Roman Army

Filthy cities - A general commanded a group of roughly 40,000 soldiers at a time. He took orders and met with the Emperor directly to discuss his plans.

-A legate was in charge of a legion of 5,000 men.

-There would be a centurion who would command roughly 100 men each in a legion.

-A legionary was a typical soldier from Rome. -A cavalry officer fought on feedback. -A non-citizen fighter was called an auxiliary.

- All soldiers had to be at least 17 years old and 1.4 metres tall in order to join. - They had to commit to at least 25 years’ service if they wished to join. - They would have had several weeks off each year in which they could return home.

Pompeii

• - Mount Vesuvius is near Pompeii in southern Italy.

• On 24 August AD 79, the volcano suddenly erupted!

• Smoke rose 15km high into the air and ash and hot rock came pouring down onto the terrified people of Po Many choked on the toxic sulphur fumes released and died.

• Thousands of men, women and children were either burned to death and hit by rocks falling at 125mph.

• Archaeologists found body-shaped holes in the ash!

• They poured plaster into them to work out the shapes and sizes of the bodies. When this set, it formed the shape of the bodies.

• Roman Family

• Weddings • During the wedding, the bride and groom joined their right hands to say their vows and there was usually a feast which followed at the groom’s house. • Men • Ancient Rome was a man’s world. Families were dominated by men. At the head of Roman family life was the father, called the paterfamilias. He looked after the family's business affairs and property. • Women • As was common in Roman society, while men had the formal power, women had influence behind the scenes. It was accepted that the materfamilias was in charge of managing the household. Those married to wealthy husbands were also expected to assist their husband’s career by behaving with dignity and appearing with him at meetings and public events. • As soon as they were old enough, most bots were sent to work while their sisters learned how to spin wool, sew and

cook. If the family were rich though, they would often send the boys and sometimes the girls to a school called a ludus. Teaching was based on writing out what the teacher told them.

- Public Health Roman Entertainment Public health was important for the Romans as they needed a strong army. As soon as the Romans realised the importance of having fresh • There were over 175 public holidays a year in the early days of water, they built aqueducts, water channels, baths, toilets and sewers. the Roman Empire! To keep the citizens of the Empire entertained and loyal, the emperors and officials organised Fresh Water spectacular entertainments for people to see. Throughout the Empire the Romans used their engineering skills to bring fresh water from the mountains into their towns. There were 14 • These were usually free, but the best seats had to be paid for! aqueducts bringing 1350 million litres of fresh water a day into Rome! The water ran from channels which usually started in the nearest hills or • The most popular forms of entertainment were known as the mountains and went along brick and stone bridges called aqueducts. ‘games’ which took place in amphitheatres. There was usually When the water reached the cities it was used for many purposes. an amphitheatre on the edge of most Roman towns across the Public Toilets Roman towns also had public toilets. There were 150 in Rome. Each of Empire. The biggest amphitheatre by far was the Colosseum in these could accommodate many people - there were no private cubicles. Rome. Romans used to meet their friends and sit and chat while using the toilet! • There were no age limits or restrictions for the games as Sewers The city had a network of sewers. Sewers took sewage from private violence and death were part of everyday life in Roman times! houses and public toilets. They deposited sewage into the local river The games were always well attended by men, women, slaves carried it down to the sea. In Rome, the main river was called the River and sometimes even teenagers! Tiber. People didn’t need to worry about drinking from the rivers anymore as they had water coming in from the Aqueducts! • People often wanted to see their favourite Gladiators fight. Public baths They’d go to cheer them on during their fights and would place bets on who they thought would win! Most Romans agreed that people should take daily exercise to stay fit and healthy. In all Roman towns and cities. A trip to the baths could involve; a • Gladiators were usually slaves. Many were men from tribes hot bath, a cold bath, time in a steam room, a swim, time in the exercise who’d resisted the Romans in battle and had then been yard or a massage. Men and women either had separate public baths, or captured and sold on to slave owners. there were different opening times for both sexes People often went to • Some might have even been Roman soldiers who’d deserted the baths with friends where they’d socialise and gossip. their legion! If they were seen on their own, they were often captured by slave owners.

• As the Empire expanded, it meant the Romans had far more land to control which was very difficult! • Enemy tribes such as the Barbarians and Vandals therefore found it easier to fight back. • By 455AD, the Roman Empire had completely collapsed as these tribes set the major cities across the Empire ablaze!

• Cities and towns that had belonged to the Romans were abandoned. • Roman inventions like aqueducts, toilets, public baths, education and coins were lost when libraries containing books on how to build/repair them were destroyed and Roman engineers were murdered. • The next 500 years (roughly 500-1000AD) were known as the ‘Dark Ages’ as wars raged between tribes across Europe and there was no government in place to impose laws, education and public health. • Around the time the Roman Empire collapsed in 455AD, Anglo-Saxons (a mixture of tribes called the Angles, Jules and Saxons) began arriving from Germany and France. • The Vikings then began arriving from Holland, Norway and Sweden from around 500AD!