DOCSLIB.ORG

Introducción

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Introducción UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AGROPECUARIAS POSGRADO EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PATRONES DE VARIACIÓN QUÍMICA DE POBLACIONES DEL COMPLEJO PINUS AYACAHUITE-PINUS STROBIFORMIS Por LETICIA MAYA ZEPEDA Tesis presentada como requisito parcial para obtener el grado de MAESTRO EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS (ÁREA DE ECOLOGÍA) LAS AGUJAS, ZAPOPAN, JALISCO MAYO DEL 2006 PATRONES DE VARIACIÓN QUÍMICA DE POBLACIONES DEL COMPLEJO PINUS AYACAHUITE-PINUS STROBIFORMIS Por LETICIA MAYA ZEPEDA Tesis presentada como requisito parcial para obtener el grado de MAESTRO EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS (ÁREA DE ECOLOGÍA) UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AGROPECUARIAS MAYO DE 2006 Aprobada por: ________________________________________________ _________________ Dra. Alma Rosa Villalobos Arámbula Fecha Asesor del Comité Particular __________________________________________________ _________________ M. en C. Antonio Rodríguez Rivas Fecha Asesor del Comité Particular __________________________________________________ _________________ Dr.a Anne Santerre-Lucas Fecha Sinodal del Comité Particular __________________________________________________ ________________ Dr. Jorge A. Pérez de la Rosa Fecha Sinodal del Comité Particular __________________________________________________ ________________ Dr. Fernando A. López Dellamary Fecha Presidente del Comité Particular Este trabajo se llevo a cabo en el Laboratorio de Cromatografía del Departamento de Madera Celulosa y Papel y en el Laboratorio de Bioprocesos del Departamento de Ingeniería de la División de Ingenierías del Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías; Universidad de Guadalajara y forma parte del proyecto, “PINOS BLANCOS MEXICANOS: DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA, QUÍMICA Y UBICACIÓN TAXONÓMICA”. financiado SEP-CONACYT (33129-B) (Responsable Dra. Alma Rosa Villalobos Arámbula), con la Beca de Proyectos de Investigación Número 3204 para Leticia Maya Zepeda. v CONTENIDO ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS..................................................................................................vi ÍNDICE DE TABLAS....................................................................................................ix RESUMEN.....................................................................................................................x SUMMARY...................................................................................................................xii INTRODUCCIÓN..........................................................................................................1 ANTECEDENTES..........................................................................................................3 1. Descripción del Complejo Pinus ayacahuite-P. strobiformis. 2. Variación de la Composición Química de los Pinos. 3. Quimiotaxonomía de Pinos. 4. Monoterpenos reportados en Pinos de México y Mesoamérica. 5. Biogeografía 6. Metabolómica OBJETIVO GENERAL.................................................................................................11 OBJETIVOS PARTICULARES....................................................................................11 HIPÓTESIS....................................................................................................................11 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS......................................................................................12 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN...................................................................................15 CONCLUSIONES.........................................................................................................40 BIBLIOGRAFÍA...........................................................................................................42 ANEXOS ….………………………………………………………………………….45 vi ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura 1. Características morfológicas de acículas, conos y semillas del complejo P. ayacahuite-P. strobiformis. ............................................................................17 Figura 2. Mapa de localización de los sitios de colecta ...............................................12 Figura 3. Perfiles cromatográficos en diferentes extractos de acículas de P. ayacahuite Ehrenberg ex Schlechtendal, localizado en el Departamento de Madera Celulosa y Papel ……….................................................................................15 Figura 4. Perfiles cromatográficos de ramas y acículas de P. ayacahuite y P. strobiformis ....................................................................................................16 Figura 5 . Perfiles cromatográficos de muestras de acículas extraídas sonicación ..........................................................................................................................17 Figura 6. Compuesto sugerido conforme a su índice de similitud ...................................................................................................................... 18 Figura 7. Perfil cromatográfico de P. strobiformis 138, localidad de Creel en Chihuahua .......................................................................................................24 Figura 8. Perfil cromatográfico de P. ayacahuite, muestra 45b, comparado con el perfil cromatográfico de P. oocarpa, muestra 151 ..................................................25 Figura 9. Perfil cromatográfico de P. ayacahuite, muestra 45b (arriba), comparado con el perfil cromatográfico del P. ayacahuite localizado en el DMCyP (abajo) ..........................................................................................................................26 vii Figura 10. Perfil cromatográfico de acículas de P. ayacahuite, localidad: Las Palmas, municipio de Los Reyes, Michoacán ..........................................................27 Figura 11. Perfil cromatográfico de acículas de P. ayacahuite, localidad: Comunidad de Palo Hueco, municipio de Real del Monte, en el Edo. de Hidalgo ..........................................................................................................................28 Figura 12. Perfil cromatográfico de acículas de de P. ayacahuite, de la localidad Km. 228 carretera 186 Palenque-San Cristóbal, municipio de San Cristóbal Chiapas .........................................................................................................................28 Figura 13. Perfil cromatográfico de acículas de P. ayacahuite, de la localidad: Km. 4.5, 6, 9, 31 y 32 del camino Talpa-Cuale, municipio de Talpa de Allende, en el Edo. de Jalisco ................................................................................................29 Figura 14. Comparación de los perfiles cromatográficos de acículas de P. ayacahuite muestreado en diferentes localidades ............................................................29 Figura 15. Perfil cromatográfico de acículas de P. ayacahuite var. Veitchii ...............30 Figura 16. Perfil cromatográfico de acículas de P. ayacahuite var. veitchii comparado con el perfil cromatográfico de acículas P. ayacahuite ..........................................................................................................................31 Figura 17. Perfil cromatográfico de acículas de P. strobiformis, de la localidad: km 130 de la carretera 40 Durango-Mazatlán, 3 km al S por el camino a Chavaría, municipio de Pueblo Nuevo, en el Edo. de Durango ……………………………………………………...........................................32 Figura 18. Perfil cromatográfico de acículas de P. strobiformis, de la localidad: Observatorio INAOE, en el municipio de Cananea, en el Edo. de Sonora ..........................................................................................................................33 viii Figura 19. Perfil cromatográfico de acículas de P. strobiformis, de la localidad: Carretera Creel-Divisadero, en el municipio de Boycona, Chihuahua ...........33 Figura 20. Comparación de los perfiles cromatográficos de acículas de P. strobiformis muestreado en diferentes localidades ..............................................................34 Figura 21. Perfil cromatográfico de acículas de P. strobus var. chiapensis Martínez, de la localidad: Parada La Reforma, 8 km al oeste de Tlapacoyan, municipio de Tlapacoyan , Edo. de Veracruz .......................................................................35 Figura 22. Perfil cromatográfico de P. strobus var. chiapensis Martínez, de la localidad: Km. 200 carretera 195 en el municipio de Bochil, Estado de Chiapas ..........................................................................................................................35 Figura 23. Identificación de los compuestos elegidos ..........................................................................................................................36 Figura 24. Correlación de los pinos blandos analizados en el estudio ………………………......................................................................................37 ix ÍNDICE DE TABLAS Tabla 1. Compuestos sugeridos en ramas del complejo P. ayacahuite-P. strobiformis.......................................................................................................19 Tabla 2. Compuestos sugeridos para acículas del complejo P. ayacahuite-P. strobiformis ......................................................................................................21 Tabla 3. Resumen de las funciones canónicas discriminante ....................................38 Tabla 4. Coeficientes estandarizados de las funciones discriminantes canónicas ……………………………………………………………………………......38
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pines in the Arboretum
    UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MtJ ARBORETUM REVIEW No. 32-198 PETER C. MOE Pines in the Arboretum Pines are probably the best known of the conifers native to The genus Pinus is divided into hard and soft pines based on the northern hemisphere. They occur naturally from the up­ the hardness of wood, fundamental leaf anatomy, and other lands in the tropics to the limits of tree growth near the Arctic characteristics. The soft or white pines usually have needles in Circle and are widely grown throughout the world for timber clusters of five with one vascular bundle visible in cross sec­ and as ornamentals. In Minnesota we are limited by our cli­ tions. Most hard pines have needles in clusters of two or three mate to the more cold hardy species. This review will be with two vascular bundles visible in cross sections. For the limited to these hardy species, their cultivars, and a few hy­ discussion here, however, this natural division will be ignored brids that are being evaluated at the Arboretum. and an alphabetical listing of species will be used. Where neces­ Pines are readily distinguished from other common conifers sary for clarity, reference will be made to the proper groups by their needle-like leaves borne in clusters of two to five, of particular species. spirally arranged on the stem. Spruce (Picea) and fir (Abies), Of the more than 90 species of pine, the following 31 are or for example, bear single leaves spirally arranged. Larch (Larix) have been grown at the Arboretum. It should be noted that and true cedar (Cedrus) bear their leaves in a dense cluster of many of the following comments and recommendations are indefinite number, whereas juniper (Juniperus) and arborvitae based primarily on observations made at the University of (Thuja) and their related genera usually bear scalelikie or nee­ Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, and plant performance dlelike leaves that are opposite or borne in groups of three.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Trials at the Waiakea Arboretum, Hilo, Hawaii. Berkeley, Calif., Pacific SW
    Species Trials at the Waiakea Arboretum Hilo, Hawaii George B. Richmond U. S. FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH PAPER PSW- 4 1963 Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station - Berkeley, California Forest Service - U. S. Department of Agriculture Acknowledgments This report was prepared in cooperation with the Forestry Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources. The author wishes to acknowledge with gratitude the assistance of those who helped collect data upon which this report is based and those who reviewed the report and offered suggestions for its improvement. G. D. Pickford, forest ecolo- gist, Hawaii Forestry Division, assisted in preliminary planning and gath- ering field data and offered valuable suggestions in the planning of the report. Review and criticism were offered by M. F. Landgraf, district forester for the island of Hawaii, and by L. W. Bryan, retired district forester for the island of Hawaii — both of the Hawaii Forestry Division. Mr. Bryan planned and supervised the planting of the Waiakea Arboretum. A special tribute is due these and other farsighted members of the State Forester's office whose vision and energy have made this arboretum a reality. Richmond, George B. 1963. Species Trials at the Waiakea Arboretum, Hilo, Hawaii. Berkeley, Calif., Pacific SW. Forest & Range Exp. Sta. 21 pp., illus. (U.S. Forest Serv. Res. Paper PSW- 4 ) Survival counts were made of 84 exotic tree species planted during 1956-1960 in a cleared rain-forest area near Hilo, Hawaii. Growth measurements were recorded for 5- and 6-year-old plant- ings. Most species had good survival, but some failed entirely.
    [Show full text]
  • Macedonian Pine (Pinus Peuce)
    Technical guidelines for genetic conservation and use Macedonian pine Pinus peuce Pinus peuce Pinus peuce Pinus Alexander H. Alexandrov1 and Vlatko Andonovski2 1 Forest Research Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria 2 Faculty of Forestry, Skopje, FYR Macedonia These Technical Guidelines are intended to assist those who cherish the valuable Macedonian pine gene pool and its inheritance, through conserving valuable seed sources or use in practical forestry. The focus is on conserving the genetic diversity of the species at the European scale. The recommendations provided in this module should be regarded as a commonly agreed basis to be complemented and further developed for local, national or regional conditions. The Guidelines are based on the available knowledge of the species and on widely accepted methods for the conservation of forest genetic resources. Biology and ecology brown afterward. The branch- es are relatively thick, greenish while still young and later they Macedonian pine (Pinus peuce become grey. The brachyblasts Grisb.) is a tree reaching up to contain five fine needles each. 30-35 m in height and up to These needles are grayish-green, 50-60 cm in diameter, 50-70 mm long and 1 mm wide. but certain individu- The male reproductive or- als may reach a gans are aments of a cylindrical height of 42 m and shape, on average 13 mm long a diameter of 1.20 and up to 3.5 mm wide, and yel- m. The tree height low in colour. They are situated of this species di- in groups of 10-15 at the bases minishes strongly of growing shoots.
    [Show full text]
  • Mistletoes of North American Conifers
    United States Department of Agriculture Mistletoes of North Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station American Conifers General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-98 September 2002 Canadian Forest Service Department of Natural Resources Canada Sanidad Forestal SEMARNAT Mexico Abstract _________________________________________________________ Geils, Brian W.; Cibrián Tovar, Jose; Moody, Benjamin, tech. coords. 2002. Mistletoes of North American Conifers. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS–GTR–98. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 123 p. Mistletoes of the families Loranthaceae and Viscaceae are the most important vascular plant parasites of conifers in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Species of the genera Psittacanthus, Phoradendron, and Arceuthobium cause the greatest economic and ecological impacts. These shrubby, aerial parasites produce either showy or cryptic flowers; they are dispersed by birds or explosive fruits. Mistletoes are obligate parasites, dependent on their host for water, nutrients, and some or most of their carbohydrates. Pathogenic effects on the host include deformation of the infected stem, growth loss, increased susceptibility to other disease agents or insects, and reduced longevity. The presence of mistletoe plants, and the brooms and tree mortality caused by them, have significant ecological and economic effects in heavily infested forest stands and recreation areas. These effects may be either beneficial or detrimental depending on management objectives. Assessment concepts and procedures are available. Biological, chemical, and cultural control methods exist and are being developed to better manage mistletoe populations for resource protection and production. Keywords: leafy mistletoe, true mistletoe, dwarf mistletoe, forest pathology, life history, silviculture, forest management Technical Coordinators_______________________________ Brian W. Geils is a Research Plant Pathologist with the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff, AZ.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Cavitation Resistance in Conifers Maximilian Larter
    The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers Maximilian Larter To cite this version: Maximilian Larter. The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers. Bioclimatology. Univer- sit´ede Bordeaux, 2016. English. <NNT : 2016BORD0103>. <tel-01375936> HAL Id: tel-01375936 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01375936 Submitted on 3 Oct 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE DE BORDEAUX Spécialité : Ecologie évolutive, fonctionnelle et des communautés Ecole doctorale: Sciences et Environnements Evolution de la résistance à la cavitation chez les conifères The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers Maximilian LARTER Directeur : Sylvain DELZON (DR INRA) Co-Directeur : Jean-Christophe DOMEC (Professeur, BSA) Soutenue le 22/07/2016 Devant le jury composé de : Rapporteurs : Mme Amy ZANNE, Prof., George Washington University Mr Jordi MARTINEZ VILALTA, Prof., Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Examinateurs : Mme Lisa WINGATE, CR INRA, UMR ISPA, Bordeaux Mr Jérôme CHAVE, DR CNRS, UMR EDB, Toulouse i ii Abstract Title: The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers Abstract Forests worldwide are at increased risk of widespread mortality due to intense drought under current and future climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • Status and Conservation of Old-Growth Forests and Endemic Birds in the Pine-Oak Zone of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico
    VERSLAGEN EN TECHNISCHE GEGEVENS Institute for Systematics and Population Biology (Zoological Museum) University of Amsterdam P.O. Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam The Netherlands No. 69, October 1996 Status and conservation of old-growth forests and endemic birds in the pine-oak zone of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico J.M. Lammertink J.A. Rojas-Tome F.M. Casillas-Orona and R.L. Otto ISSN 1385-3279 Status and conservation of old-growth forests and endemic birds in the pine-oak zone of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico Estatus y conservacion de los bosques maduros y las aves endemicas en la zona de pino-encino de Ia Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico by J.M. Lammertink, J.A. Rojas-Tome, F.M. Casillas-Orona and R.L. Otto cartography: Hubert Kivit photography: Martjan Lammertink addresses: Martjan Lammertink Institute for Systematics and Population Biology P.O. Box 94766 1090 GT Amsterdam, The Netherlands fax:(## 31) 20 525 7238 e-mail: [email protected] Jorge Rojas-Tome Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biologia UNAM Apartado Postal 70-153 04510 Mexico D.F. Del. Coyoacan, Mexico fax:(## 52) 5 550 0164 e-mail: [email protected] Federico Casillas-Orona SEMARNAP Durango Calle Pasteur 620 nte 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico fax(## 52) 18 12 72 26 Roger Otto Calle Tecnologico 205-1 Col. Olga Margarita 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico tel. (##52) 18 176924 or: 420 E-main Pierce, Nebraska 68767 USA © Institute for Systematics and Population Biology University of Amsterdam P.O. Box 94766 1090 GT Amsterdam, The Netherlands ISSN 1385-3279 Table of contents Summary.....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Polly Hill Arboretum Plant Collection Inventory March 14, 2011 *See
    Polly Hill Arboretum Plant Collection Inventory March 14, 2011 Accession # Name COMMON_NAME Received As Location* Source 2006-21*C Abies concolor White Fir Plant LMB WEST Fragosa Landscape 93-017*A Abies concolor White Fir Seedling ARB-CTR Wavecrest Nursery 93-017*C Abies concolor White Fir Seedling WFW,N1/2 Wavecrest Nursery 2003-135*A Abies fargesii Farges Fir Plant N Morris Arboretum 92-023-02*B Abies firma Japanese Fir Seed CR5 American Conifer Soc. 82-097*A Abies holophylla Manchurian Fir Seedling NORTHFLDW Morris Arboretum 73-095*A Abies koreana Korean Fir Plant CR4 US Dept. of Agriculture 73-095*B Abies koreana Korean Fir Plant ARB-W US Dept. of Agriculture 97-020*A Abies koreana Korean Fir Rooted Cutting CR2 Jane Platt 2004-289*A Abies koreana 'Silberlocke' Korean Fir Plant CR1 Maggie Sibert 59-040-01*A Abies lasiocarpa 'Martha's Vineyard' Arizona Fir Seed ARB-E Longwood Gardens 59-040-01*B Abies lasiocarpa 'Martha's Vineyard' Arizona Fir Seed WFN,S.SIDE Longwood Gardens 64-024*E Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica Subalpine Fir Seedling NORTHFLDE C. E. Heit 2006-275*A Abies mariesii Maries Fir Seedling LNNE6 Morris Arboretum 2004-226*A Abies nephrolepis Khingan Fir Plant CR4 Morris Arboretum 2009-34*B Abies nordmanniana Nordmann Fir Plant LNNE8 Morris Arboretum 62-019*A Abies nordmanniana Nordmann Fir Graft CR3 Hess Nursery 62-019*B Abies nordmanniana Nordmann Fir Graft ARB-CTR Hess Nursery 62-019*C Abies nordmanniana Nordmann Fir Graft CR3 Hess Nursery 62-028*A Abies nordmanniana Nordmann Fir Plant ARB-W Critchfield Tree Fm 95-029*A Abies nordmanniana Nordmann Fir Seedling NORTHFLDN Polly Hill Arboretum 86-046*A Abies nordmanniana ssp.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinus Strobiformis Engelmann: NUEVA LOCALIDAD PARA GUANAJUATO, MÉXICO
    Pinus strobiformis Engelmann: NUEVA LOCALIDAD PARA GUANAJUATO, MÉXICO Pinus strobiformis Engelmann: A NEW LOCATION IN GUANAJUATO, MEXICO Mario A. Villagómez-Loza1*, Miguel Á. Bello-González2, Eloy Isarain-Chávez1 1Consultor e Investigador. CTO Laguna Zacoalco No. 134, Fraccionamiento Brisas del Lago. 37207. León, Guanajuato. México. ([email protected]). 2Facultad de Agrobiología Pre- sidente Juárez, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Uruapan, Michoacán, México. RESUMEN ABSTRACT Como resultado de una serie de exploraciones realizadas en As a result of a series of explorations in the municipality el municipio de San José Iturbide, Guanajuato, se localizó of San José Iturbide, Guanajuato, a population of Pinus una población de Pinus strobiformis Engelmann que fue strobiformis Engelmann was located which was identified identificada a través de claves, descripción y cotejado con through keys, description and checked against herbarium material de herbario. Actualmente la especie se reporta en material. At present, the species is reported in the Mexican la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 Official Standard NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 (Official (Diario Oficial, 2010), dentro de la Categoría de Riesgo Pr Journal, 2010), within the Category of Risk Pr referring que refiere a las especies que podrían llegar a encontrarse to species that could potentially be threatened by factors amenazadas por factores que inciden negativamente en su that adversely affect their viability. Thus, to incorporate viabilidad. Así, para incorporar a P. strobiformis al acervo P. strobiformis into the repository of biodiversity of de la biodiversidad del estado de Guanajuato se respalda su Guanajuato state identification and location is supported, identificación y ubicación, el cual al actualizarse evidencia which when updated evidence the southernmost la distribución más austral de los registros antes conocidos.
    [Show full text]
  • A. Summary List and Discussion of Single Fossils. Small Fossil Set Additional Fossils of the Large Fossil
    A. Summary list and discussion of single fossils. Small fossil set - Pinus baileyi. 45 Ma; stem section Pinus - Pinus canariensis. 12.8 Ma; stem P. canariensis - P. roxburghii (clade) - Pinus crossii. 27 Ma; stem subsection Balfourianae - Pinus densiflora. 1.1 Ma; P. densiflora – P. sylvestris divergence - Pinus florissantii. 34 Ma; stem subsection Strobus - Pinus fujiii. 15 Ma; stem MRCA of P. kesiya and P. tabuliformis - Pinus haboroensis. 65 Ma; stem subgenus Pinus - Pinus halepensis. 12.8 Ma; P. halepensis – P. brutia divergence - Pinus hazenii. 5 Ma; P. coulteri – P. sabiniana divergence - Pinus prekesiya. 5.3 Ma; P. yunnanensis – P. kesiya divergence - Pinus radiata. 0.4 Ma; P. radiata – P. muricata divergence - Pinus storeyana. 12 Ma; stem or within Attenuatae clade - Pinus triphylla. 90 Ma; stem subgenus Pinus - Pinus yorkshirensis. 129 Ma; stem Pinus Additional fossils of the large fossil set - Pinus delmarensis. 38 Ma; stem subsection Strobus - Pinus lindgrenii. 6 Ma; MRCA of P. edulis - P. johannis clade - Pinus premassoniana. 5.3 Ma; stem of P. massoniana - Pinus riogrande. 27.2 Ma; Ponderosae clade - Pinus sanjuanensis. 27 Ma; stem of subsection Cembroides - Pinus truckeensis. 12 Ma; subsection Ponderosae within P. ponderosa - clade - Pinus weasmaii. 3 Ma; stem of P. contorta Genus Pinus Pinus yorkshirensis Location: Wealden Formation, NE England Age: 131-129 Ma. Discussion: These are the earliest well-dated cones that belong to the genus Pinus, based on internal anatomy and external morphology, such as the presence of cone scales with apophyses and umbos, features unique to Pinus among extant Pinaceae (Ryberg et al., 2012). Another early representative from the Wealden Formation (P.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Los Soportes De Madera En Esculturas Policromadas Mexicanas, Restauradas En La Encrym
    Intervención, Revista Internacional de Conservación, Restauración y Museología ISSN: 2007-249X [email protected] Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia México Cruz Chagoyán, Gabriela; Olvera Coronel, Lilia Patricia; Velasco Figueroa, Irais Los soportes de madera en esculturas policromadas mexicanas, restauradas en la ENCRyM Intervención, Revista Internacional de Conservación, Restauración y Museología, vol. 1, núm. 2, julio- diciembre, 2010, pp. 34-45 Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia Distrito Federal, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=355632769006 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto INVESTIGACIÓN Los soportes de madera en esculturas policromadas mexicanas, restauradas en la ENCRyM Gabriela Cruz Chagoyán Lilia Patricia Olvera Coronel Irais Velasco Figueroa esde su llegada al continente americano, los españoles trajeron escul- turas de madera policromada manufacturadas en Europa; y, una vez Destablecido el régimen colonial, importaron la tecnología, las estruc- turas gremiales y las ordenanzas que prevalecían en España en el siglo XVI. Sin embargo, esta tecnología se adaptó a la disponibilidad de materias primas en la Nueva España, incorporando el uso de maderas locales como soporte de las esculturas policromadas (Maquívar 1994: 301-325). De igual manera ciertas tecnologías prehispánicas fueron adaptadas para producir esculturas al estilo español, como es el caso de la caña de maíz empleada para producir escultu- ras ligeras (Amador 2002: 25). No hay material más noble y más gratificante para los sentidos que la ma- dera.
    [Show full text]
  • Benemérita Universidad Autónoma De Puebla Instituto De Ciencias Posgrado En Ciencias Ambientales “La Tierra No Es De Nosotros, Nosotros Somos De La Tierra”
    Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Instituto de Ciencias Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales “La Tierra no es de nosotros, nosotros somos de la tierra” Ecuaciones alométricas para la estimación de la biomasa en la parte aérea de la vegetación: caso de algunas especies de coníferas en la localidad de San Juan Cuauhtémoc, Tlahuapan, México. TESIS Que para obtener el grado de: Maestro en Ciencias Ambientales Presenta: Omar Andrés González Iturbe Director de tesis: Dra. Gladys Linares Fleites Codirector Dr. José Víctor Tamariz Flores Tutora Dra. Edith Chávez Bravo Integrante Comité Tutoral Mtro. Sergio Martín Barreiro Zamora Integrante Comité Tutoral Dra. María Teresa Zayas Pérez Puebla, Puebla 1 diciembre del 2019 Agradecimientos Agradezco al posgrado en ciencias ambientales del Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) Por la beca que me brindo para la realización del presente trabajo. A mis padres, Miguel Ángel González Flores y María Maricela Iturbe López Gracias por su apoyo incondicional A mi hermano Miguel Ángel González Iturbe Gracias por el conocimiento que me compartes A Mariana Gálvez Genis Gracias por el apoyo y el tiempo brindados TABLA DE CONTENIDO I. Introducción ....................................................................................................................... 7 II. Marco de referencia .......................................................................................................... 8 2.1. Carbono y el calentamiento
    [Show full text]
  • Pinus Ayacahuite)
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 7 (1), pp. 051-054, 4 January, 2008 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB ISSN 1684–5315 © 2008 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper High yield and high quality DNA from vegetative and sexual tissues of Mexican white pine (Pinus ayacahuite) Verónica Palomera-Avalos*, Patricia Castro-Félix and Alma R. Villalobos-Arámbula Departamento de Biología Celulary Molecular, Universidad de Guadalajara, 45110, Zapopan, Jalisco, México. Accepted 5 November, 2007 Pines are considered to be difficult for DNA extraction. However, from one species to the other there is variation in phenolic profiles and seed size that might affect final DNA yields and quality. Two DNA extraction protocols (CTAB and SDS based) were compared for their ability to produce DNA on leaves, gametophyte and embryo from Pinus ayacahuite, a pine species with a large seed (8 - 18 mm). The DNA obtained from both procedures was quantified and tested by PCR. The CTAB protocol provided higher DNA yields from vegetative tissue and embryo than the SDS method. Embryos (2n) and gametophytes (n) proved to be very good sources of DNA and the DNA isolated was suitable for PCR-RAPD and SSR markers. This paper reports the results and describes the modified CTAB protocol. Key words: CTAB, DNA isolation, Pinus ayacahuite, SDS, seed tissue, vegetative tissue. INTRODUCTION The Mexican White Pine (Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. ex of pines would benefit if species were genetically Schltdl) is an important source of timber, pulp and nuts. It characterized and genetic diversity values were well is also the fastest growing soft pine in Mexico (Farjon and known.
    [Show full text]