Petrol Engines in the BMW Group/ PSA Peugeot Citroën Cooperation
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BMW Group 12/2004 Page 2 Petrol Engines in the BMW Group/ PSA Peugeot Citroën Cooperation. Contents. 1. Successful Cooperation. (Short Story) ...................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Successful Cooperation. (Long Story) ....................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Curtains Open for a New Engine Family. .................................................................................... 7 2.2. A New Standard Ensured by Successful Implementation of Innovative Solutions. ...................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 The Engine Block: Setting the Foundation for Two Very Different Variants in Technology. ......................... 11 2.4 Naturally Aspirated Power Unit with Fully Variable Valve Drive: Best-in-Class in Every Respect. .................................................................................................. 16 2.5 The High-Performance Power Unit: A Turbocharged Engine with Direct Fuel Injection. .............................................................. 19 3. Specifications. ............................................................................................................................. 21 4. Torque and Output Diagram. ................................................................................................. 23 BMW Group 12/2004 Page 3 1. Successful Cooperation. (Short Story) In a cooperation the BMW Group and PSA Peugeot Citroën have joined forces in developing a new family of gasoline engines. These power units featuring the most advanced engine technology will be seen in future in models from Peugeot, Citroën, and future versions of MINI. The new engine family is a significant move for both partners in fulfilling the self-commitment assumed by European car makers within their European Association (ACEA), promising to reduce fleet consumption and, as a result, CO2 emissions to 140 g/km by the year 2008. The engines developed within the Project are able for the first time to elegantly solve the conflict of interests between demanding engine technologies and cost pressure in the small and compact car segment. The Project confirms that it is by all means economically possible to build fuel-efficient power units with innovative technologies also in the lower car segments. New segment leader making its debut. In developing the concept for the new family of engines, the Project Team has opted for two variants in technology. Without making the slightest concession in terms of performance and refinement, the normal-aspiration power unit with fully variable valve drive as well as the turbocharged direct-injection engine will set a new standard in their displacement category in terms of both technology, dynamism, economy, and their overall package. The engines created by this new joint venture come with numerous features carried over from BMW’s latest generation of straight-six gasoline power units. Examples are fully variable valve drive, the volume flow-controlled oil pump, single-belt drive of the engine’s ancillaries, individual coils, and composite camshafts. At the same time a whole series of innovative solutions is being implemented for the first time in this class. These include direct gasoline injection for even more power, the twin-scroll exhaust gas turbocharger, the on-demand mechanical coolant pump, and the new tightening unit for the poly-V-drive belt. 12/2004 Page 4 Both technology variants resting on a strong foundation. The engine block as such meets all the demands and requirements of both partners in the joint venture. In terms of stiffness and acoustic features, the aluminium crankcase with its bedplate construction is absolutely unique and unparalleled. Optimisation of the crankdrive bearings and conversion of all mechanical valve drive transmission units to anti-friction rollers serve to provide the lowest level of frictional losses in this class. Integration of numerous functions and ancillaries in the cylinder head as well as the crankcase make many of the usual add-on components superfluous, improve the engines’ acoustics, and reduce both engine weight and dimensions. Single-belt drive of the engine units also helps to make all dimensions very compact. Controlled volume flow for even greater fuel economy. On-demand oil supply delivers exactly the amount of engine oil required, no more and more and no less. Accordingly, the oil pump controlled as a function of volume flow reduces fuel consumption by up to 1 per cent. Together with the oil/water heat exchanger, the on-demand water pump serves to further reduce fuel consumption and emissions. This again saves drive power and warms up the engine more quickly, coolant only being circulated when the engine has reached its operating temperature. Normal-aspiration power unit with fully variable valve drive: The benchmark in fuel economy and concept harmony. Featuring innovative valve drive and 1.6 litres displacement, the normal-aspira- tion engine develops maximum output of 85 kW/115 bhp at 5,700 rpm. Engine torque reaches an impressive 140 Nm (103 lb-ft) at just 2,000 rpm, peaking at 160 Nm (118 lb-ft) at 4,250 rpm. Without requiring a throttle butterfly, fully variable valve management controls engine output by infinite adjustment of valve lift and the intake valve opening times. This loss-free load management again reduces fuel consumption, cuts back exhaust emissions, and ensures superior engine response combined with enhanced motoring refinement. Apart from valve management, the overall control concept comprising a fully controlled oil pump and on-demand water pump as well as the optimisation of frictional losses makes the normal- aspiration engine the most efficient power unit in its entire segment. 12/2004 Page 5 High-performance turbocharged engine with direct gasoline injection. Displacing 1.6 litres, the direct-injection high-performance gasoline engine with exhaust gas turbocharger and intercooler develops maximum output of 105 kW/143 bhp from 1.6 litres engine capacity at 5,500 rpm and maximum torque of 240 Nm/177 lb-ft from 1,400 rpm maintained consistently all the way to 4,000 rpm. The cylinder head comes with conventional valve drive featuring two overhead camshafts, roller-type drag arms, and hydraulic valve play compensation. Fully variable adjustment of the intake camshaft ensures optimum output and torque on low fuel and clean emissions. This is the first engine in its class to feature a twin-scroll turbocharger separating the ducts of two cylinders at a time from one another in the exhaust gas manifold and turbocharger. This serves to build up the charge effect from a low speed of approximately 1,400 rpm, torque developing virtually just as fast as in a compressor engine. Direct gasoline injection with common-rail technology, together with the turbocharger, is the main contributing factor ensuring the high level of engine output, superior fuel economy, outstanding refinement and exemplary emission management. The high-pressure valves inject fuel from the side directly into the combustion chamber at a pressure of up to 120 bar, ensuring a homogeneous fuel mixture within the chamber (λ = 1.0). BMW Group 12/2004 Page 6 2. Successful Cooperation. (Long Story) Joining forces in the joint venture, the BMW Group and PSA Peugeot Citroën have developed a new family of small petrol engines. These power units featuring the most advanced engine technologies are intended for use in Peugeot and Citroën models as well as future versions of MINI cars. The new engine family is a significant step for both partners in maintaining the self-commitment assumed by European car makers within the ACEA Association of Car Manufacturers, promising to reduce fleet consumption and, as a result, CO2 emissions to 140 g/km by the year 2008. For the first time the project is able to elegantly solve the conflict of interests between demanding engine technologies, on the one hand, and the usual cost pressure in the small and compact car segment, on the other. Advantageous for both sides. Both partners have contributed their know-how in technology and their experi- ence in large-volume production to the project, and now both parties benefit in the same way. In other words, this is a win-win situation to which each partner has contributed all its know-how and expertise. The project proves that fuel-efficient power units with innovative engine technology may also be built economically in the lower car segments. Each manufacturer has contributed special competences and skills both in the area of engine development and in using the world’s best and most advanced production methods. PSA Peugeot Citroën will be building the new engines at its plant in Douvrin, France. Planned capacity in production is up to 2,500 units a day. 12/2004 Page 7 2.1 Curtains Open for a New Engine Family. Developing the concept for the new engine family, the project team has opted for two technology variants. The derivatives of these two very different variants will define a new standard in their class in technological terms and in terms of their dynamism, economy, and long running life. The engines are characterised by the exchange of know-how between engine development specialists on both sides, since, in developing and implementing the engine concept, the same attention was given to both BMW’s