DOCSLIB.ORG

President of Guinea Olusegun OBASANDJO, General, President Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
President of Guinea Olusegun OBASANDJO, General, President Of 1978 Ahmed SEKOU TOURE (2nd award), President of Guinea 1979 Olusegun OBASANDJO, General, President of Nigeria 1979 Seyni KOUNTCHE, General, President of Niger 1979 E1 Haj Dawda Kairaba JAWARA, President of Gambia 1979 E1 Haj Omar BONGO, President of Gabon NEPAL Order of Ojaswi Rajanya The following list contains the names of recipients of the Order in the period bet~¢een 1951 and 1974. YEAR OF NAME OF THE RECIPIENT AND HIS FUNCTION AT THE AWARD TIME OF AWARD 1951 HIMALAYA Bir Bikram Shah, Prince of Nepal 1951 BASUNDARA Bir Bakram Shah, Prince of Nepal 1954 KANTI Rajya Laxmi Devi Shah, Queen Grand Mother of Nepal 1954 ISHWORI Rajya Laxmi Devi Shah, Queen Grand Mother of Nepal 1960 HIROHITO, Emperor of Japan 1960 NAGAKO, Empress-Consort of Japan 1960 PHILIP, Prince Consort of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Duke of Edinburgh 1960 AKIHITO, Crown Prince of Japan 1960 MICHIKO, Crown Princess Consort of Japan 1961 Mohammad AYUB Khan, Field Marshal, President of Pakistan 1964 RATNA Rajya Laxmi Devi Shah, Queen Mother of Nepal 1964 Dr. Heinrich LUEBKE, President of the Federal Republic of Germany 1967 BERNHARD, Prince Consort of the Netherlands, Prince of Lippe Biesterfeld 1967 BEATRIX, Crown Princess of the Netherlands 1970 HITACHI, Prince of Japan 1970 HANAKO, Princess of Japan 1970 Agha Mohammad YAHYA Khan, President of Pakistan 1972 AISHWARYA Rajya Laxmi Devi Shah, Queen Consort of Nepal 1974 Josip BROZ Tito, Marshal, President of Yugoslavia 1974 Anwar E1 SADAT, Field Marshal, President of Egypt 19 MALI Grand Cross of the National Order The following list contains names of recipients of the Order in the highest class, Presidents of Mall, being Grand Masters of the Order, are recipients ~x ofie~o (during the tenure of their magis- tracy they wear the Collar; afterwards they remain Grand Crosses). YEAR OF NAME OF THE RECIPIENT AND HIS FUNCTION AT THE AWARD TIME OF AWARD 1971 Leopold SEDAR SENGHOR, President of Senegal 1972 Georges POMPIDOU, President of France 1973 Yakubu GOWON, General, President of Nigeria 1973 Moamer el GHADHAFI, Leader of Libya 1973 Norodom SIHANOUK, Prince of Cambodia, Head of State of Cambodia 1973 MONIQUE, Princess Consort of Cambodia, wife of Cambodian Head of State 19?? Sir Dawda Kairaba JAWARA, President of Gambia 1976 KIM Ii Sung, Marshal, President of North Korea 1977 Valery GISCARD D’ESTAING, President of France 1978 Ahmed SEKOU TOURE, President of Guinea 1979 Josip BROZ Tito, President of Yugoslavia EGYPT Grand Collar of the Order of the Nile The following list contains the names of all recipients of this single class order in the period between 1954 and 1978. YEAR OF NAME OF THE RECIPIENT AND HIS FUNCTION AT THE AWARD TIME OF AWARD 1954 SAUD bin Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman al-Faisal al-Saud, King of Saudi Arabia 1954 Juan Domingo PERON, General, President of Argentina 1954 Carlos IBA~EZ DEL CAMPO, President of Chile 1955 NUSSEIN ibn Talal, King of Jordan 1955 Dr. Eng. Ahmed SOEKARNO, President of Indonesia 1955 Shukri aI-QUWATLY, President of Syria 1955 Josip BROZ Tito, Marshal, President of Yugoslavia 1956 Gamal Abdel NASSER, General, President of Egypt 1956 Gamaluddin Mustafa SALIM, Wing Commander, Member of the Revolutionary Committee of Egypt 1956 Abdullatif Mahmood aI-BAGHDADI, Wing Commander, Member of the Revolutionary Committee of Egypt 1956 Zaqariah Abdulmajid MUHIEDDIN, Colonel, Member of the Revolutionary Committee of Egypt 20 1956 Mohammad Anwar el SADAT, Member of the Revolution- ary Committee of Egypt 1956 Hussein Mahmood al SHAFFEI, Colonel, Member of the Revolutionary Committee of Egypt 1956 Mohammad Abdul Haqqim el AMAR, General, Member of the Revolutionary Committee of Egypt 1956 Kamaladdin HUSSAIN, Member of the Revolutionary Committee of Egypt 19S6 Hassan IBRAHIM, Wing Commander, Member of the Revolutionary Committee of Egypt 1957 MOHAMMAD AL-AMIN al Awal, Bey of Tunisia 1958 A1 Nasr if-Din Allah AHMED, Imam, King of Yemen 1958 A1 Amir Sejf-ul-Islam Mohammad al BADR, Crown Prince of Yemen 1958 Dr. Arturo FRONDIZI, President of Argentina 1958 Alfredo STROESSNER, General, President of Paraguay 1958 Adolfo LOPEZ MATEOS, President of Mexico 1959 Ahmed LUTFI al-Sayid, Professor, President of the Egyptian Linguistic Committee 1959 A1 Farik Aziz ALl aI-MASRI, President of the Egyptian Committee for the Armed Forces 1959 HAILE SELASSIE I, Emperor of Ethiopia 1960 MOHAMMAD V, King of Morocco 1960 Mohammad AYUB Khan, Field Marshal, President of Pakistan 1960 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ARABIC WORKERS SYNDICATES 1960 Dr. Oswaldo DORTICOS TORRADO, President of Cuba 1960 Alberto LLERAS CAMARGO, President of Colombia 1960 Jorge ALESANDRI RODRIGUEZ, President of Chile 1960 Ernesto de LAGUARDIA, President of Panama 1960 Dr. Hernan SILES SUAZO, President of Bolivia 1960 Bensito (?) NARDONI, President of the Committee of the Popular Government of Uruguay 1960 Ibrahim ABBOUD, Field Marshal, President of the Supreme Committee of the Armed Forces of Sudan 1960 MOHA~BIAD ZAHEER Shah, King of Afghanistan 1960 Jouscelino KUBITSCHEK DE OLIVEIRA, President of Brazil 1961 Ahmed SEKOU TOURE, President of Guinea 1961 MAKARIOS III, Archbishop, President of Cyprus 1961 Modibo KEITA, President of Mall 1960 PAUL I, King of the Hellenes 1962 Yuri GAGARIN, First Cosmonaut, USSR 1962 (Posthumous Award) Salah SALIM, Editor of the Newspaper "AI Gumhuriya", and President of the Press, Print and Advertising Committee of Egypt 1962 ~madou AHIDJO, President of Cameroun 21 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Colonial Army Formats in Africa and Post-Colonial Military Coups
    Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 35, Nr 1, 2007. doi: 10.5787/35-1-31 99 COLONIAL ARMY RECRUITMENT PATTERNS AND POST-COLONIAL MILITARY COUPS D’ÉTAT IN AFRICA: THE CASE OF NIGERIA, 1966-1993 ___________________________________________ Dr E. C. Ejiogu, Department of Sociology University of Maryland Abstract Since time immemorial, societies, states and state builders have been challenged and transformed by the need and quest for military manpower.1 European states relied on conscript armies to ‘pacify’ and retain colonies in parts of the non-European world. These facts underscore the meticulous attention paid by the British to the recruitment of their colonial forces in Africa. In the Niger basin for one, conscious efforts were made by individual agents of the British Crown and at official level to ensure that only members of designated groups were recruited into those colonial forces that facilitated the establishment of the Nigerian supra- national state. The end of colonial rule and shifts in military recruitment policies hardly erased the vestiges of colonial recruitment from the Nigerian military. The study on which this article is based and which examines Britain’s policies on military human resource recruitment as state-building initiatives, argued that military coups d’état in Nigeria can be traced back to colonial and post-colonial recruitment patterns for military human resources. Introduction Nigeria, built in the late nineteenth century by British colonial intervention, is Africa’s most populous country.2 Events in Nigeria3 since October 1, 1960, when it acquired political independence from Britain, furthermore attest to the political instability that the country experiences.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Analysis of the Gowon, Babangida and Abacha Regimes
    University of Pretoria etd - Hoogenraad-Vermaak, S THE ENVIRONMENT DETERMINED POLITICAL LEADERSHIP MODEL: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE GOWON, BABANGIDA AND ABACHA REGIMES by SALOMON CORNELIUS JOHANNES HOOGENRAAD-VERMAAK Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER ARTIUM (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULTY OF HUMAN SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA January 2001 University of Pretoria etd - Hoogenraad-Vermaak, S ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The financial assistance of the Centre for Science Development (HSRC, South Africa) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the Centre for Science Development. My deepest gratitude to: Mr. J.T. Bekker for his guidance; Dr. Funmi Olonisakin for her advice, Estrellita Weyers for her numerous searches for sources; and last but not least, my wife Estia-Marié, for her constant motivation, support and patience. This dissertation is dedicated to the children of Africa, including my firstborn, Marco Hoogenraad-Vermaak. ii University of Pretoria etd - Hoogenraad-Vermaak, S “General Abacha wasn’t the first of his kind, nor will he be last, until someone can answer the question of why Africa allows such men to emerge again and again and again”. BBC News 1998. Passing of a dictator leads to new hope. 1 Jul 98. iii University of Pretoria etd - Hoogenraad-Vermaak, S SUMMARY THE ENVIRONMENT DETERMINED POLITICAL LEADERSHIP MODEL: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE GOWON, BABANGIDA AND ABACHA REGIMES By SALOMON CORNELIUS JOHANNES HOOGENRAAD-VERMAAK LEADER: Mr. J.T. BEKKER DEPARTMENT: POLITICAL SCIENCE DEGREE FOR WHICH DISSERTATION IS MAGISTER ARTIUM PRESENTED: POLITICAL SCIENCE) The recent election victory of gen.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chair of the African Union
    Th e Chair of the African Union What prospect for institutionalisation? THE EVOLVING PHENOMENA of the Pan-African organisation to react timeously to OF THE CHAIR continental and international events. Th e Moroccan delegation asserted that when an event occurred on the Th e chair of the Pan-African organisation is one position international scene, member states could fail to react as that can be scrutinised and defi ned with diffi culty. Its they would give priority to their national concerns, or real political and institutional signifi cance can only be would make a diff erent assessment of such continental appraised through a historical analysis because it is an and international events, the reason being that, con- institution that has evolved and acquired its current trary to the United Nations, the OAU did not have any shape and weight through practical engagements. Th e permanent representatives that could be convened at any expansion of the powers of the chairperson is the result time to make a timely decision on a given situation.2 of a process dating back to the era of the Organisation of Th e delegation from Sierra Leone, a former member African Unity (OAU) and continuing under the African of the Monrovia group, considered the hypothesis of Union (AU). the loss of powers of the chairperson3 by alluding to the Indeed, the desirability or otherwise of creating eff ect of the possible political fragility of the continent on a chair position had been debated among members the so-called chair function. since the creation of the Pan-African organisation.
    [Show full text]
  • British, Russian, Chinese and World Orders, Medals, Decorations and Miniatures
    British, Russian, Chinese and World Orders, Medals, Decorations and Miniatures To be sold by auction at: Sotheby’s, in the Upper Grosvenor Gallery The Aeolian Hall, Bloomfield Place New Bond Street London W1A 2AA Day of Sale: Thursday 29 November 2012 at 10.00am and 2.30pm Public viewing: 45 Maddox Street, London W1S 2PE Monday 26 November 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Tuesday 27 November 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Wednesday 28 November 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Or by previous appointment. Catalogue no. 60 Price £15 Enquiries: James Morton or Paul Wood in association with 45 Maddox Street, London W1S 2PE Tel.: +44 (0)20 7493 5344 Fax: +44 (0)20 7495 6325 Email: [email protected] Website: www mortonandeden.com This auction is conducted by Morton & Eden Ltd. in accordance with our Conditions of Business printed at the back of this catalogue. All questions and comments relating to the operation of this sale or to its content should be addressed to Morton & Eden Ltd. and not to Sotheby’s. Online Bidding This auction can be viewed online at www.the-saleroom.com and www.invaluable.com. Morton & Eden Ltd offers an online bidding service via www.the-saleroom.com. This is provided on the understanding that Morton & Eden Ltd shall not be responsible for errors or failures to execute internet bids for reasons including but not limited to: i) a loss of internet connection by either party; ii) a breakdown or other problems with the online bidding software; iii) a breakdown or other problems with your computer, system or internet connection.
    [Show full text]
  • War Medals, Orders and Decorations Including the Suckling Collection of Medals and Medallions Illustrating the Life and Times of Nelson
    War Medals, Orders and Decorations including the Suckling Collection of Medals and Medallions illustrating the Life and Times of Nelson To be sold by auction at: Sotheby’s, in the Upper Grosvenor Gallery The Aeolian Hall, Bloomfield Place New Bond Street London W1 Day of Sale: Thursday 3 July 2008 at 12.00 noon and 2.00pm Public viewing: 45 Maddox Street, London W1S 2PE Tuesday 1 July 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Wednesday 2 July 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Thursday 3 July 10.00 am to 12.00 noon Or by previous appointment. Catalogue no. 33 Price £10 Enquiries: James Morton or Paul Wood Cover illustrations: Lot 3 (front); Lot 281 (back); Lot 1 (inside front) and Lot 270 (inside back) in association with 45 Maddox Street, London W1S 2PE Tel.: +44 (0)20 7493 5344 Fax: +44 (0)20 7495 6325 Email: [email protected] Website: www.mortonandeden.com This auction is conducted by Morton & Eden Ltd. in accordance with our Conditions of Business printed at the back of this catalogue. All questions and comments relating to the operation of this sale or to its content should be addressed to Morton & Eden Ltd. and not to Sotheby’s. Important Information for Buyers All lots are offered subject to Morton & Eden Ltd.’s Conditions of Business and to reserves. Estimates are published as a guide only and are subject to review. The actual hammer price of a lot may well be higher or lower than the range of figures given and there are no fixed “starting prices”.
    [Show full text]
  • 1892-1929 General
    HEADING RELATED YEAR EVENT VOL PAGE ABOUKIR BAY Details of HM connections 1928/112 112 ABOUKIR BAY Action of 12th March Vol 1/112 112 ABUKLEA AND ABUKRU RM with Guards Camel Regiment Vol 1/73 73 ACCIDENTS Marine killed by falling on bayonet, Chatham, 1860 1911/141 141 RMB1 marker killed by Volunteer on Plumstead ACCIDENTS Common, 1861 191286, 107 85, 107 ACCIDENTS Flying, Captain RISK, RMLI 1913/91 91 ACCIDENTS Stokes Mortar Bomb Explosion, Deal, 1918 1918/98 98 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) Death of Major Oldfield Vol 1/111 111 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) Turkish Medal awarded to C/Sgt W Healey 1901/122 122 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) Ball at Plymouth in 1804 to commemorate 1905/126 126 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) Death of a Veteran 1907/83 83 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) Correspondence 1928/119 119 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) Correspondence 1929/177 177 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) 1930/336 336 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) Syllabus for Examination, RMLI, 1893 Vol 1/193 193 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) of Auxiliary forces to be Captains with more than 3 years Vol 3/73 73 ACTON, MIDDLESEX Ex RM as Mayor, 1923 1923/178 178 ADEN HMS Effingham in 1927 1928/32 32 See also COMMANDANT GENERAL AND GENERAL ADJUTANT GENERAL OFFICER COMMANDING of the Channel Fleet, 1800 1905/87 87 ADJUTANT GENERAL Change of title from DAGRM to ACRM, 1914 1914/33 33 ADJUTANT GENERAL Appointment of Brigadier General Mercer, 1916 1916/77 77 ADJUTANTS "An Unbroken Line" - eight RMA Adjutants, 1914 1914/60, 61 60, 61 ADMIRAL'S REGIMENT First Colonels - Correspondence from Lt.
    [Show full text]
  • From Hasan Al-Banna to Mohammad Morsi; the Political Experience of Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt
    FROM HASAN AL-BANNA TO MOHAMMAD MORSI; THE POLITICAL EXPERIENCE OF MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD IN EGYPT A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY AHMET YUSUF ÖZDEMİR IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES JULY 2013 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science Assoc.Prof.Dr. Özlem Tür Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science Prof. Dr. İhsan D. Dağı Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Nuri Yurdusev (METU,IR) Prof. Dr. İhsan D. Dağı (METU, IR) Assis. Prof. Dr. Bayram Sinkaya (YBU, IR) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Ahmet Yusuf Özdemir Signature : iii ABSTRACT FROM HASAN AL-BANNA TO MOHAMMAD MORSI; THE POLITICAL EXPERIENCE OF MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD IN EGYPT Özdemir, Ahmet Yusuf M.S. Program of Middle East Studies Supervisor: Prof. Dr. İhsan D. Dağı July 2013, 141 pages This thesis analyses the political and ideological transformation of the Society of Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt from its foundation in 1928 to 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Middle East - Organization of African Unity - Committee of Ten
    UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page 6 Date 16/05/2006 Time 4:44:14 PM S-0861-0001-06-00001 Expanded Number S-0861 -0001 -06-00001 items-in-Peace-keeping operations - Middle East - Organization of African Unity - Committee of Ten Date Created 30/11/1971 Record Type Archival Item Container S-0861-0001 : Peace-Keeping Operations Files of the Secretary-General: U Thant: Middle East Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit ME3VIORANDU M DE LA COMMISSION DES DIX DE L'ORGANISATION DE L'UNITE AFHTCAINE Monsieur Anouar El-SADATE President de la Republique arabe d'Egypte et a Madame Golda MEIR Premier Ministre de 1'Etat d'Israel - 2 - Les chefs d'Etat membres de la Commission de 1'O.U.A. 1) M. Moktar Ould DADDAH, President de la Republique islamique de Mauritanie, President en exercice de l'O»U.A. ; 2) Sa Majeste imperials Haile Selassie* ler, Empereur d'Ethiopie ; 3) M. Leopold Sedar SENGHOR, President de la Republique du Senegal ; 4) M. El Hadj Ahmadou AHIDJO, President de la Republique federale du Cameroun ; 5) M. le Lieutenant General Joseph Desire MOBUTU, President de la Republique du Zaire ; 6) M. le General Yakubu GOWON, Chef du Gouvernement militaire federal, Commandant en Chef des Forces armees de la Republique federale du Nigeria ; - 3 - 7) M. William TOLBERT, President de la Republique du Liberia ; 8) M. Jomo KENYATTA, President de la Republique du Kenya, represente par M. Daniel Arap MOI, • Vice-President de la Republique du Kenya ; 9) M. Felix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY, President de la Republique de C<5te d'lvoire, represente par M.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of the Military in Democratic Transitions and Succession in Nigeria
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITY STUDIES Vol 8, No 1, 2016 ISSN: 1309-8063 (Online) ROLE OF THE MILITARY IN DEMOCRATIC TRANSITIONS AND SUCCESSION IN NIGERIA E. E. Obioha Walter Sisulu University, South Africa. Email: [email protected]; [email protected] ─Abstract ─ This paper examined the military as an institution and its role in democratic succession in Nigeria. The paper articulated on how various republics in Nigeria failed and what role the military played during these periods. The study relied mainly on secondary data sources, which includes periodicals and other archival documents that provided the required information for the discourse. Data gathered were analyzed through content analysis. Critical and logical analysis of data attested that the military had played the role of distractive force in Nigeria’s democratization process. The military institution presented itself and acted in most occasions as a false custodian of democratic principles by initiating and implementing flawed elections for transition. However, emerging facts further suggest that these democratic principles and arrangements put in place by the military were usually faulty and inadequate for sustainable democratic governance to thrive on. Most general elections organized by the military to transit power have been descriptive of milidemocray, where previous military officers acquire democratic power through stage managed processes. The military institution therefore has functioned as a partisan organisation where various acts of election packaging were learnt and electioneering overtures acquired, despite its instrumental role in sustaining democracy in the country. This paper therefore concludes that the military has been more of a distractive than consolidation force of democratic transitions, and free and fair elections in Nigeria democracy, since her independence.
    [Show full text]
  • AP® Comparative Government and Politics Nigeria Briefing Paper
    AP® Comparative Government and Politics Nigeria Briefing Paper Paul J. Kaiser University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania connect to college success™ www.collegeboard.com The College Board: Connecting Students to College Success The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,700 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves over three and a half million students and their parents, 23,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges through major programs and services in college admissions, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SAT®, the PSAT/NMSQT®, and the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®). The College Board is committed to the principles of excellence and equity, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns. Permission to Reprint Statement The College Board intends this publication for noncommercial use by teachers for course and exam preparation; permission for any other use must be sought from the College Board. Teachers may reproduce this publication, in whole or in part, in limited print quantities for noncommercial, face-to-face teaching purposes and distribute up to 50 print copies from a teacher to a class of middle or high school students, with each student receiving no more than one copy. This permission does not apply to any third-party copyrights contained within this publication. When educators reproduce this publication for noncommercial, face-to-face teaching purposes, the following source line must be included: Nigeria Briefing Paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Propaganda in Civil War: the Biafra Experience. 1
    USE OF PROPAGANDA IN CIVIL WAR: THE BIAFRA EXPERIENCE. PATRICK EDIOMI DAVIES A Thesis in the Department of International Relations The London School of Economics and Political Science Submitted to the University of London for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) June 1995 1 UMI Number: U105277 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U105277 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 IH eS£ F 71 L\~L\-lo DC hOOrUftH- USE OF PROPAGANDA IN CIVIL WAR: THE BIAFRA EXPERIENCE. ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of propaganda in the Biaffan war. Nigeria, the show case of British colonial rule and Empire, and transfer to independence, was at the point of disintegration in 1967. A section of the country, the Eastern region had dared to do the unthinkable at that time, to secede. The British and Nigerian governments were determined that it would not happen. The break away region, which called itself Biafra was blockaded by land, air and sea, and starved of weapons and the means of livelihood.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges Facing Sub-Saharan Africa: the Problem of Governance
    International Journal of Social Science and Business Vol. 2 No. 2; April 2017 Challenges Facing Sub-Saharan Africa: The Problem of Governance Godpower O. Okereke, Ph.D. Professor of Sociology and Criminal Justice Texas A&M University-Texarkana 7101 University Avenue Texarkana, Texas 75503, USA. Abstract According to the International Monetary Fund’s Millennium Development Goals Reports, Sub- Saharan Africa lags behind other regions on development indicators (IMF, 2011) because the region still faces many challenges (United Nations, 2011). Such challenges include but are not limited to: weak infrastructure, violent conflicts and internecine wars, heavy debt burden, declining investments, capital flight, leadership crisis, etc. (Okereke, 2009). The following is an exploratory study of the performances of Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, and Congo since independence along with sporadic references to other countries in the region compared to countries in other parts of the world in an effort to shade more light as to why the region continues to lag behind. Paper reveals that people who seek public and political offices in the region do so mainly because of economic enrichment opportunities that accompany such offices; holders of public and political offices in the region are mostly interested in what they and their supporters can steal while in office in the short run. The paper concludes that the greatest impediment to social and economic development in the region is absence of good governance by committed leaders and suggests that people who hold public and political offices in the region should be held accountable for their actions. Key Words: Challenges; Development; Sub-Saharan Africa; Governance; Corruption Challenges Facing Sub-Saharan Africa: The Problem of Governance.
    [Show full text]