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Intra-District Educational Scenario in Ganga Delta of West Bengal Jayatra Mandal Part-Time Lecturer, Dept

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Intra-District Educational Scenario in Ganga Delta of West Bengal Jayatra Mandal Part-Time Lecturer, Dept Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-6, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Intra-District Educational Scenario in Ganga Delta of West Bengal Jayatra Mandal Part-time Lecturer, Dept. of Geography, P. K. H. N. Mahavidyalaya, Howrah, W.B., India Abstract: Education is fundamental in INTRODUCTION maintaining economic growth, infrastructure and social development. Naturally, availability of Development of a region, country or a district has existing educational institutions of block level various facets. Broadly speaking development plays important role to delineate the balanced or constitutes the elements like economic growth, imbalanced scenario of the district. infrastructure and social development. The status In this paper six districts of Ganga delta were of education is an integral part of social assessed for identification of deficient blocks by development. Education is an important avenue residual mapping. The co-efficient of correlation which provides a wide range of opportunities for 2 (r) and the coefficient of determination (r ) ware all round development. Recognizing the value of used for determined of degree of relationship education, our central government has always tried between educational institution and total to reconstruct the educational system for population. betterment of the masses. Deep attention was paid The result show that the blocks of Hariharpara, to education as a factor vital to national progress Farakka, Samserganj, Suti – II, Raghunathganj – II and security. For the harmonious development of and Domkal in Murshidabad; Nakashipara, the society, education is imparted in different Santipur and Chakdaha in Nadia; Chanditala-I levels through various institutions. In West Bengal and Chanditala-II in Hoogly; Bally and Sankrail in the general educational structure is divided into Haora; Barasat-I, Barasat-II, Rajarhat, Haroa and five stages, viz. primary school (class I - IV), Minakhan in North 24 Praganas; Budge-Budge-I, middle school (class V - VIII), high school (class Bhangar-II and Canning-II in South 24 Paraganas IX - X), higher secondary school (XI - XII), have deficiency of educational institutions. It is college (3 years in B.A/ B.Sc. / B.Com.) and also found that Nadia have almost perfect positive university (2 years in M.A/ M.Sc. /M. Com.). The relation (r) between educational center and qualitative outcome of each and every stages based population whereas Murshidabad, Hoogly, Haora on availability of spatial distribution of educational and North 24 Paraganas have strong positive institution. This reasons induced the author to wage relation (r) and South 24 Paraganas have the present study on a district level. The study is moderate positive (r) relation. designed to recognize the variation in the As per coefficient of determination, Murshidabad distribution of educational institution in Ganga belong with 63 percent of the total variation Delta. This is the region where 44.74 percent in y can be explained by the linear relationship people (excluding Kolkata) of West Bengal are between total population (x) and total educational resided in 31 percent geographical area. So, score (y). Similarly, Nadia-96 percent, Hoogly- 83 education system of this area is really important. percent, Haora-79 percent, North 24 Paraganas - 89 percent and South 24 Paraganas -43 percent STUDY AREA can be explained. These deficiencies are not fruitful towards planning for development. To alleviate such The study area (fig.1) geographically lies between situation, few new and high-quality schools and 21°29′00″ to 24°50′20″ north latitude and colleges are needed to be established. 87°30′20″ to 89°06′00″ east longitude. The Ganges delta consists of district Murshidabad, Keywords: residual mapping, co-efficient of Nadia, Kolkata, Hooghly, Haora, North and South 2 24 Parganas. But in current study, district Kolkata correlation (r), coefficient of determination (r ), have not counted. River ganges passes through this educational institutions, surplus-deficit vast area and divides into three distinct parts – the old delta (i.e. Murshidabad and Nadia), the mature delta (i.e. Kolkata, Hooghly, and Howrah and part Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 762 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-6, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in of north 24 Parganas) and the active delta (i.e. DATA BASE AND METHODOLOGY Northern portion of south 24 Parganas district). It is cover an area of 27,921sq.km. and 40,868,973 The present study was conducted based on populations with the density of population 1464 secondary data sources e.g. persons/sq.km. 1. DCHB of Murshidabad, Nadia, , Hoogly, Haora, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas (2011) 2. DSHB of Murshidabad, Nadia, , Hoogly, Haora, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas (2012) Firstly, the block-wise data of total no. of educational institutions (i.e., primary school, middle school, high school, higher secondary school and college or university) of each block in the districts are collected and tabulated (Table 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) to get individual scores. Secondly, based on the score of educational institutions (y) with respect to the total populations (x) the residual value was calculated and tabulated (Table 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12). Residual mapping: Residual is used to identify and regionalize the areas having negative and positive impact over y. There are two variables are taken as independent (total population) and dependent (total score of educational institutions). They are considered as x and y. The equation is: Yc = a+bx Where, a= y intercept, b= regression coefficient and yc = estimated score. The constant a and b are determined by: Now, residual is being calculated by differentiation between actual score (Y) to estimated score (Yc). Thirdly, isopleths map has been drawn to portrait Fig.1 Location of the study area the intra-district diversity with the help of residual value. OBJECTIVES Finally, the degree of relationship among districts shown by Correlation Co-efficient (r) and The major objectives are as follows: Coefficient of Determination (r 2) 1. To analyze the block-wise disparity in the Correlation Co-efficient (r): distribution of educational institutions. The quantity r, called the linear correlation 2. To locate the gap where there is surplus or coefficient, measures the strength and the direction deficit of educational institutions. of a linear relationship between two variables. The 3. To identify the degree of relationship among linear correlation co-efficient is sometimes referred districts of north Bengal. to as the Pearson product moment correlation Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 763 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-6, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in coefficient in honor of its developer Karl Pearson. Lalgola 131 21 6 11 1 170 The mathematical formula for computing r is: Bhagwangol 81 12 5 5 - a - I 103 Bhagwangol 76 9 6 4 - a - II 95 Murshidaba Where, n is the number of pairs of data. d-Jiaganj 167 4 10 16 3 200 Nabagram 150 17 13 12 1 Coefficient of Determination (r 2) : 193 The coefficient of determination of a linear Domkal 124 10 13 13 1 161 regression model is the quotient of the variances Jalangi 112 24 7 10 - 153 of the fitted values and observed values of the Raninagar - 77 17 7 6 1 dependent variable. If we denote yi as the I 108 observed values of the dependent variable, as Raninagar - 89 15 9 3 - its mean, and as the fitted value, then the II 116 coefficient of determination is: Source: Compiled by the Author Table-2 Score of Total Educational Institutions of Nadia district, 2012 Table-1. Score of Total Educational Institutions of Murshidabad district, 2012 CDBlock Total Score Total High School High CDBlock Middle School Middle and University and PrimarySchool Total Score Total High School High Middle School Middle PrimarySchool Secondary School Secondary College Higher Secondary School Secondary Higher College andUniversity Higher Karimpur-I 96 7 5 9 1 118 Karimpur-II 112 9 5 13 - Behrampore 306 34 20 33 3 396 139 Tehatta-I 132 8 3 17 1 Beldanga - I 138 11 14 11 1 175 161 Beldanga - Tehatta-II 83 3 2 8 - 96 105 17 7 9 - II 138 Kaliganj 175 13 8 17 1 214 Nowda 109 10 6 10 1 136 Nakashipara 184 12 12 22 1 231 Hariharpara 75 16 8 10 1 110 Chapra 155 19 6 18 1 199 Kandi 162 18 9 13 2 204 Krishnaganj 95 7 5 10 1 118 Khargram 148 15 20 8 1 192 Krishnanagar- I 243 16 12 33 4 308 Burwan 174 34 14 9 1 232 Krishnanagar- 76 10 2 8 - Bharatpur - I 101 23 6 7 - 137 II 96 Bharatpur - 94 8 12 7 1 Nabadwip 139 8 6 15 2 170 II 122 Santipur 169 10 11 16 1 207 Farakka 91 7 2 11 1 112 Hanskhali 166 14 8 23 1 212 Samserganj 118 13 6 10 1 148 Ranaghat-I Suti - I 84 4 2 8 - 98 179 6 13 25 1 224 Ranaghat-II Suti - II 73 1 3 7 1 85 192 16 13 19 1 241 Raghunathg Chakdaha 308 14 14 55 3 394 anj - I 125 8 6 10 1 150 Haringhata 120 11 8 10 1 150 Raghunathg 97 7 3 8 - Source: Compiled by the Author anj - II 115 Sagardighi 156 18 11 13 1 199 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 764 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-6, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Table-3 Score of Total Educational Institutions Panchla 100 6 12 12 1 131 of Hoogly district, 2012 Sankrail 113 8 9 12 1 143 Jagatballavp 144 13 8 15 1 ur 181 Howrah CDBlock 315 14 76 75 4 Total Score Total High School High (M.C.) 484 Middle School Middle Uluberia-I
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