A Sustainable Funding for the Heart of Borneo

THE HEART OF BORNEO A SUSTAINABLE FUNDING FOR THE HEART OF BORNEO

THE HEART OF BORNEO 1 The purpose of this document Dokumen ini bertujuan untuk is to outline the approach being menjelaskan pendekatan yang undertaken by the Government dilakukan oleh Negara Indonesia of Indonesia to develop and dalam mengembangkan dan to highlight investment needs menggarisbawahi kebutuhan to continue to move towards investasi dalam mewujudkan sustainably financing the Heart of pendanaan yang berkelanjutan Borneo landscape. bagi Heart of Borneo.

Photo by @ Andri Tambunan

2 THE HEART OF BORNEO THE HEART OF BORNEO “THREE COUNTRIES ONE CONSERVATION”

THE HEART OF BORNEO 3 Heart of Borneo is Sustainable Development and Heart of Borneo (HoB) merupakan inisiatif dalam Conservation Initiative in a very large landscape of pembangunan dan pelestarian yang berkelanjutan tropical forest in Borneo of 26.5 million Ha located in bagi kawasan seluas 26,5 juta hektare yang terletak Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia State of di bagian wilayah negara Brunei Darussalam, Sabah and Sarawak. A large portion of this land – of Indonesia dan negara bagian Sabah dan Sarawak- which 72% is dominated by tropical rain forests – is Malaysia. Wilayah HoB sebagian besar berada di located in Indonesia. Indonesia yaitu sekitar 72% yang didominasi oleh hutan hujan tropis.

Brunei Darussalam

Indonesia

Malaysia

Borneo Forest Fragmentation 2015 ©WWF Indonesia_GIS Team

4 THE HEART OF BORNEO HEART OF BORNEO

The HoB initiative’s goal is to preserve Tujuan inisiatif HoB adalah untuk and maintain the sustainability of mempertahankan dan memelihara one of Borneo’s best remaining rain keberlanjutan manfaat salah satu forests, for the welfare of present and kawasan hutan hujan terbaik future generations. In Indonesian the yang masih tersisa di Kalimantan Heart of Borneo was transferable in to bagi kesejahteraan generasi JANTUNG KALIMANTAN. sekarang dan mendatang. Dalam Starting March 2008, upon the Bahasa Indonesia Heart of Borneo enactment of Government Regulation kemudian diterjemahkan menjadi No. 26 of 2008 about Rencana Tata JANTUNG KALIMANTAN. Ruang Wilayah Nasional (RTRWN), the Mulai Maret 2008, melalui peraturan HoB area was designated as one of Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. the 40 National Strategic Area (NSA) in 26/2008 mengenai Rencana Tata Indonesia1. Ruang Wilayah Nasional (RTRWN), Jantung Kalimantan ditetapkan menjadi salah satu dari 40 Kawasan Strategis Nasional (KSN) di Indonesia1.

1 National Working Group (2014), National Strategic Plan of Action Heart of Photo by @© Andri Tambunan Borneo 2015-2019

THE HEART OF BORNEO 5 2007 – 2017 10 YEARS MILESTONE HEART OF BORNEO

Heart of Borneo (HoB) is an initiative Jantung Kalimantan adalah inisiatif of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia tiga negara yaitu Brunei Darussalam, and Malaysia based on the principles Indonesia dan Malaysia untuk of conservation and sustainable mengelola kawasan hutan tropis development for the tropical dataran tinggi di Borneo yang highland forests in Borneo. Over the didasarkan pada prinsip konservasi last 10 years, Indonesia, Malaysia and dan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Brunei Darussalam has been working Selama 10 tahun terakhir, Indonesia, together to develop opportunities to Malaysia dan Brunei Darussalam telah achieve the economic sustainability bekerja sama dalam mengembangkan that is essential to ensure the success peluang untuk mencapai perekonomian of a united commitment to the Heart yang berkelanjutan yang menjamin of Borneo’s “Three Countries, One kepastian pelaksanaan komitmen Conservation Vision”. Heart of Borneo bersama yaitu “Three Countries, One Conservation Vision”.

February 2007, October 2009, September 2011, Bali, Indonesia Kota Kinabalu, Balikpapan, HoB Declaration Malaysia Indonesia Signed 3th HoB 5th HoB Deklarasi HoB Trilateral Meeting Trilateral Meeting Ditandatangani Pertemuan Pertemuan Trilateral Trilateral HoB HoB ke lima ke tiga

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

April 2008, April 2010, September 2012, Pontianak, Indonesia Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuching-Sarawak, Brunei Darussalam Malaysia 2nd HoB Trilateral Meeting 4th HoB 6th HoB Trilateral Meeting Trilateral Meeting Pertemuan Trilateral HoB ke dua Pertemuan Trilateral Pertemuan Trilateral HoB ke empat HoB ke enam

6 THE HEART OF BORNEO THE SHARED VISION FOR THE HoB : “BRIDGING CONSERVATIONS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THREE COUNTRIES”

A MAJOR ACHIEVEMENT: CAPAIAN:

� The initiative of HoB, vision and mission � Inisiatif HoB, visi and misi sudah mulai have been known at global level dikenal di tingkat global

� Significant international attention and � Mendapatkan perhatian dan dukungan support dari dunia internasional

� Trilateral and national HoB initiative in place � Kerja sama HOB secara Trilateral maupun � Political supports from each member Nasional telah ditetapkan

country as well local stakeholders � Dukungan politik dari masing-masing � Strategic plans of HoB from each country negara anggota serta pemangku

� Trans-border cooperation within HoB in kepentingan lokal place � Setiap negara HoB telah memiliki rencana strategis

� Kerja sama lintas batas negara telah ditetapkan

September 2013, Agustus 2009, October 2017, Brunei Darussalam Sabah, Malaysia Tarakan, Indonesia 7th HoB Trilateral Meeting 9th HoB Trilateral Meeting 11th HoB Trilateral Meeting Pertemuan Trilateral HoB Pertemuan Trilateral HoB ke Pertemuan Trilateral HoB ke ke tujuh sembilan sebelas

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

April 2014, September 2016, Palangkaraya, Indonesia Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam 8th HoB Trilateral Meeting 10th HoB Trilateral Meeting Pertemuan Trilateral HoB ke delapan Pertemuan Trilateral HoB ke sepuluh

Photo by © WWF Indonesia_Victor Fidelis Santosa

THE HEART OF BORNEO 7 AREA OF INDONESIA’S HOB BASED ON PROVINCE AND DISTRICT

PROVINCE DISTRICT AREA (HA) North Kalimantan Nunukan 956,642.93 Malinau 3,493,256.73 Bulungan 552,591.30 East Kalimantan Berau 651,586.35 Kutai Timur 394,131.54 Kutai Kartanegara 850,097.32 Kutai Barat 1,977,054.42 Mahakam Ulu* n.a. Central Kalimantan Murung Raya 2,038,698.14 Kapuas 127,376.81 Gunung Mas 250,701.89 Katingan 530,489.83 Barito Utara 42,873.04 Seruyan 34,336.15 West Kalimantan Kapuas Hulu 3,088,025.81 Melawi 432,305.69 Sintang 1,372,187.48 Total Area 16,792,355.43 Map & Data Source: National Working Group (2014), Data Source: National Strategic Plan Of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019 National Strategic Plan Of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019

The HoB area in Indonesia is covering four administrative Di Indonesia, wilayah Jantung Kalimantan secara provinces in Kalimantan: North Kalimantan, East administratif berada di bawah empat provinsi yaitu: Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan. Kalimantan Utara, Kalimantan Timur, Kalimantan The size of area covered by HoB is approximately 16.8 Tengah, dan Kalimantan Barat. million ha, spreads out in 17 districts and 82 sub- Luas wilayah yang dicakup oleh Jantung Kalimantan districts. sekitar 16,8 juta ha, tersebar di 17 Kabupaten/Kota The area covers 13 mountain areas which have elevation dan 82 kecamatan. varies from 1,681 meter above sea level at Cemaru Daerah ini mencakup 13 daerah pegunungan yang Mount in West Kalimantan to 2,987 m above sea level at memiliki ketinggian bervariasi dari 1.681 meter di atas Makita Mount at Kayan Mentarang National Park. permukaan laut di Gunung Cemaru di Kalimantan The area also has three big lakes: Jempang Lake (15,000 Barat sampai 2.987 m dpl di Gunung Makita di Taman ha), Semayang Lake (13,000 ha) and Melintang Melintang Nasional Kayan Mentarang. (11,000 ha). Kawasan ini juga memiliki tiga danau besar: Danau The annual rainfall between 2,800 mm to 3,600 mm and Jempang (15.000 ha), Danau Semayang (13.000 ha) dan temperatures varies between 22°C during wet season Melintang Melintang (11.000 ha). which falls from September to March, and 33°C during Curah hujan tahunan antara 2.800 mm sampai 3.600 the dry period between April to August. mm dan suhu bervariasi antara 22°C selama musim hujan yang turun dari bulan September sampai Maret, dan 33°C selama periode kering antara bulan April sampai Agustus.

8 THE HEART OF BORNEO Photo by ©FORMADAT_Edwin Meru

The population growth in districts within the HoB in Pertumbuhan penduduk di kabupaten-kabupaten the 17 districts only 6 districts which show the growth rate di 17 kabupaten hanya 6 kabupaten di wilayah HoB equal or below the national level, the rest of the districts menunjukkan tingkat pertumbuhan sama atau di bawah indicated their rate level are high and very high. tingkat pertumbuhan nasional, lainnya menunjukkan The majority of local community in HoB area belongs tingkat pertumbuhan yang tinggi dan sangat tinggi. to Dayak tribes. There are of course other community Mayoritas masyarakat lokal di daerah HoB adalah suku groups such as Malay or Malayu and Chinese origin or even Dayak. Kelompok masyarakat lain adalah Malay atau Javanese who migrated in to the HoB in the early 1960’s. Melayu serta suku Cina atau bahkan orang Jawa yang As for the Dayak tribes, there are at least seven ethnic bermigrasi ke wilayah HoB pada awal tahun 1960an. groups of Dayak community in the HoB area: Kayan, Setidaknya ada tujuh kelompok etnis masyarakat Dayak Kenyah, Iban, Penan or Punan, Lundayeh or Lun Bawang, di daerah HoB: Kayan, Kenyah, Iban, Penan atau Punan, Kelabit and Barito-Ngaju. They vary in languages, Lundayeh atau Lun Bawang, Kelabit dan Barito-Ngaju. traditional knowledge, cultures and geographic location. Mereka memiliki keragaman dalam bahasa, pengetahuan tradisional, budaya dan lokasi geografis.

Data source: (Profil Fisik dan Ekosistem Kawasan Heart of Borneo, WWF File-unpublished report) in National Strategic Plan of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019

THE HEART OF BORNEO 9 BIODIVERSITY HEART OF BORNEO The 16.8 million ha of HoB mostly are tropical mountain forests. It is an immensely biodiversity corridor which connects four major protected areas with a total of 4.465 million ha: Kayan Mantarang National Park, Danau Sentarum National Park, Bukit Baka - Bukit Raya National Park, and Betung Kerihun National Park. These 40.89% protected areas in HoB, is an extremely important habitat wildlife species, as well as plant species. These areas also serve as important catchment for the major rivers in Kalimantan Mahakam River, Barito River, Kahayan River, Katingan River, Sesayap River, Sembakung River, Melawi River and Kapuas River, which provides freshwater to the downstream area in the province of East Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and West Kalimantan1.

THE FOREST HEART OF BORNEO IS RICH WITH THE THOUSANDS PLANT SPECIES More than 3,000 tree species including 267 species of Dipterocarps the most important group of commercial timber in Southeast Asia, more than 200 species of orchids, and at least 1,000 species of ferne2.

HEART OF BORNEO IS AN IMPORTANT HABITAT OF ABOUT 900 WILDLIFE SPECIES The wildlife in HoB is habitat for includes 222 mammals (including of 13 primates), 358 bird species, fresh water mammals, 32 species of snakes, 27 species of lizards, 2 species of monitor lizards, 7 species of freshwater turtles, 2 species of marine turtles, and 2 species of crocodiles recorded occur in Kalimantan. There are also 148 species of amphibian identified in Kalimantan. The area also confines three critical endangered species: Orangutan (Pongo Pygmaeus) and Pigmy Elephant Elephas Maximus Borneensis as well as Sumatran Rhino Dicerorhinus Sumatrensis2. Photo by: © Albert Teo

10 THE HEART OF BORNEO KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI JANTUNG KALIMANTAN Jantung Kalimantan seluas 16,8 juta Ha merupakan hutan pegunungan. Kawasan ini menjadi koridor keanekaragaman hayati yang sangat besar dan menghubungkan 4 kawasan lindung seluas 4,465 juta Ha terdiri atas; Taman Nasional Kayan Mantarang, Taman Nasional Danau Sentanum, Bukiy Baka-Bukit Raya National Park, dan Taman Nasional Betung Kerihun. 40,89% luas kawasan lindung di Jantung Kalimantan ini merupakan habitat yang sangat penting baik bagi satwa liar, maupun tanaman. Photo by ©WWF Indonesia Photo by © WWF-Indonesia/Jimmy Syahirsyah Kawasan ini juga merupakan daerah tangkapan air yang penting bagi sungai-sungai utama di Kalimantan yaitu: Sungai Mahakam, Sungai Barito, Sungai Kahayan, Sungai Katingan, Sungai Sesayap, Sungai Sembakung, Sungai Melawi dan Sungai Kapuas. Sungai-sungai ini memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih di kawasan bagian hilir Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, Kalimantan Tengah, dan Kalimantan Barat 1.

HUTAN DI JANTUNG KALIMANTAN SANGAT KAYA DENGAN RIBUAN SPESIES TUMBUHAN Terdapat lebih dari 3.000 jenis pohon termasuk 267 spesies Dipterocarps jenis Photo by © WWF Indonesia_Sugeng Hendratno Photo by © WWF- Alain Compost kelompok kayu komersil yang paling penting di Asia Tenggara, lebih dari 200 spesies anggrek, dan setidaknya ada 1.000 spesies pakis2.

JANTUNG KALIMANTAN MERUPAKAN HABITAT PENTING BAGI SEKITAR 900 SPESIES SATWA LIAR Kawasan Jantung Kalimantan merupakan habitat satwa liar diantaranya 222 mamalia (termasuk 13 primata), 358 spesies burung, mamalia air tawar, 32 spesies ular, 27 spesies kadal, 2 spesies biawak, 7 spesies kura-kura air tawar, 2 spesies penyu, dan 2 spesies buaya terlihat di Kalimantan. Terdapat pula 148 spesies amphibi yang teridentifikasi di Kalimantan.

Kawasan ini juga merupakan habitat dari tiga Photo by © Philippa George Photo by © WWFID_Victor Fidelis Santosa spesies hewan terancam punah yaitu Orangutan Pongo Pygmaeus dan Gajah Pigmy Pigmy Elephant Elephas Maximus Borneensis serta Badak Sumatera Dicerorhinus Sumatrensis2.

1 National Working Group (2014), National Strategic Plan of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019 2 Soehartono and Mardiastuti (2017)

THE HEART OF BORNEO 11 THE RESOURCES I SUMBER DAYA ALAM

FOREST RESOURCES: TIMBER, SUMBER DAYA HUTAN: PEYIMPANAN LARGE CARBON SEQUESTRATION & STORAGE KARBON DAN PRODUKSI KAYU There are about 9.08 million ha of permanent Terdapat sekitar 9,08 juta ha hutan produksi permanen production forest and limited production forest within dan hutan produksi terbatas di wilayah HoB. Konsesi the HoB area. The current registered forest/timber hutan / kayu yang terdaftar saat ini dan beroperasi di concession operated in HoB area is 79 units, of wilayah HoB adalah 79 unit, dimana 10 unit dioperasikan which 10 units are operated under Industrial Forest dalam skema Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI). Konsesi Plantation (HTI) scheme. The concessions occupied tersebut menguasai 4,48 juta ha produksi dan hutan about 4.48 million ha of production and limited produksi terbatas1. production forest areas1. Data yang diposkan dari emisi tahunan LULUCF pada The posted data of annual LULUCF emission in the periode 2009 sampai 2014 di 17 kabupaten yang terletak period of 2009 to 2014 within 17 districts located in the di HoB adalah 494 juta ton2. HoB was 494 million ton2. SUMBER DAYA AIR: PERIKANAN, AIR BAKU, WATER RESOURCES: FISHERIES, PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA AIR DRINKING WATER, HYDROPOWER Kawasan lindung HoB juga berfungsi sebagai daerah The protected areas are also serve as important tangkapan air yang penting bagi 14 sungai besar di catchment areas for the 14 major rivers in Kalimantan Kalimantan ( mendukung kelangsungan 9 daerah aliran (managed in 9 watersheds and 8 sub-watersheds)1. sungai dan 8 daerah aliran sungai)1. MINING: GOLD & COAL TAMBANG: EMAS & BATUBARA At this moment there are 486 mining companies Saat ini terdapat 486 perusahaan pertambangan yang registered to operate in the HoB areas with the concession terdaftar untuk beroperasi di wilayah HoB dengan area of 2.05 million ha, of which 11 are big coal companies. luas konsesi 2,05 juta ha, dimana 11 perusahaan Indonesia’s Borneo has been known to have a high batubara besar. Borneo di Indonesia diketahui deposit of coal: 25,131 million tons in East Kalimantan and memiliki deposit batu bara yang tinggi: 25.131 juta North Kalimantan Provinces, 1,227 million ton in Central ton di Kalimantan Timur dan Kalimantan Utara, 1.227 Kalimantan, and 527 million ton in West Kalimantan1. juta ton di Kalimantan Tengah, dan 527 juta ton di 1 PLANTATION Kalimantan Barat . There are four major types of commercial plantations PERKEBUNAN occurring in the HoB area: oil palm, rubber, coffee Ada empat jenis perkebunan komersial utama yang and cacao2. dikembangkan di daerah HoB yaitu: kelapa sawit, karet, ECO TOURISM kopi dan kakao2. The natural pristine forest of HoB and the the cultural ECO WISATA life of the Dayak tribe becomes HoB ecotourism market. The well development of ecotourism will create a Hutan alam asli HoB dan kehidupan budaya suku lasting economic benefits and help preserve the Dayak menjadi daya tarik bagi pasar ekowisata HoB. biodiversity of the area2. Pengembangan ekowisata yang baik akan menciptakan manfaat ekonomi yang berkelanjutan dan membantu melestarikan keanekaragaman hayati daerah tersebut2.

1 National Working Group (2014), National Strategic Plan Of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019 2 Soehartono and Mardiastuti (2017) 3 WWF HoB Global Initiative (2012)

12 THE HEART OF BORNEO Photo by © Andri Tambunan

THE HEART OF BORNEO 13 NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN RENCANA AKSI STRATEGIS OF ACTION NASIONAL Indonesia has developed and Indonesia telah mengembangkan adopted National Strategic dan mengadopsi Rencana Aksi Plan of Action (NSPA) for Strategis Nasional (NSPA) untuk Indonesia’s Kalimantan region wilayah Kalimantan pada bulan in July 2008 as the national Juli 2008 sebagai kerangka kerja framework for sectors, provinces nasional untuk sektor, provinsi and districts, as well as for dan kabupaten, serta pemangku relevant stakeholders in the kepentingan yang terkait dengan Heart of Borneo area. wilayah Jantung Kalimantan. In October 2015 the Government Pada Oktober of Republic of Indonesia has tahun 2015 Pemerintah Republik issued the second NSPA valid Indonesia telah menerbitkan from 2015 to 2019. The NSPA NSPA ke dua untuk periode was developed based on 2015-2019. NSPA ini disusun the combination of sectors, berdasarkan atas keterpaduan provincial programs and antara berbagai sektor, program stakeholders needs as well as pemerintah provinsi, para resources based. pemangku kepentingan serta The objectives of the HoB berbasis pada kekayaan sumber National Strategic Plan of Action daya alam. 2015-2019 is to provide a broad Rencana Aksi Strategis Nasional but clear guidance for relevant Jantung Kalimantan 2015-2019 stakeholders and key players in diharapakan dapat menjadi dealing with conservation and panduan yang menyeluruh sustainable use of resources dan jelas bagi para pemangu in the area of Indonesia’s part kepentingan dan pihak-pihak of HoB. yang terkait dengan upaya pelestarian dan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam di Kalimantan secara berkelanjutan.

THE GOALS OF NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN OF ACTION (NSPA)

� Prosperity of people in Heart of Borneo � Kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat yang tinggal di � Sustainable economic development in Heart Jantung Kalimantan of Borneo � Pembangunan Ekonomi yang berkelanjutan di � Biodiversity conservation in Heart of Borneo Jantung Kalimantan � Konservasi keanekaragaman hayati di Jantung Kalimantan

Reference: National Working Group (2014), National Strategic Plan of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019

14 THE HEART OF BORNEO photo by © Andri Tambunan

THE HEART OF BORNEO 15 Photo by © Andri Tambunan

16 THE HEART OF BORNEO NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN OF ACTION HEART OF BORNEO (2015 -2019)

ENABLING CONDITION Integration and Harmonization of FOR HEART OF BORNEO Sector and Provincial/ District IMPLEMENTATION & Programs and Approach PROGRAM ACCELERATION

• Best Practice for Sustainable SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF Development of Natural Resources • Appropriate Fund Use Management NATURAL RELEVANT RESOURCES • FPIC SECTOR

PROTECTED AREA • Develop Shared Governance MANAGEMENT • Improve Support Systems PRACTICES HoB COORDINATING IMPLEMENTATION MINISTRY OF & GOALS TRANS-BORDER • Strengthening Local Capacity ECONOMIC SUSTAINABLE • Develop Creative Economy AFFAIRS ECONOMIC • Develop Infrastructure and System DEVELOPMENT Connectivity RELEVANT PROVINCES • Develop TDA ECOTOURISM • Participation of Local Community DEVELOPMENT • Reviving Culture, Traditional Culture and Heritage Sites RELEVANT DISTRICTS

Cooperation and Enlightenment from CAPACITY BUILDING Relevant Competent Parties on Capacity Building

STRATEGIC APPROACH HEART OF BORNEO PROGRAMS COORDINATION & IMPLEMENTATION

SIX PROGRAMS FOR HEART OF BORNEO IN ENAM PROGRAM UNTUK JANTUNG KALIMANTAN NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN AND ACTION OF DALAM RENCANA AKSI STRATEGIS NASIONAL 2015 2015 TO 2019 ARE1: SAMPAI 2019 ADALAH1: PROGRAM 1: Enabling condition for HoB PROGRAM 1: Mempersiapkan Kodisi Dalam Pelaksanaan implementation and program acceleration & Percepatan Program Jantung Kalimantan Objective: to lay out the foundation of programs and Tujuan: untuk menyusun dasar program dan kegiatan activities in developing the HoB dalam mengembangkan PROGRAM 2: Sustainable development of natural PROGRAM 2: Pembangunan sumber daya alam resources outside the protected area in HoB yang berkelanjutan di luar kawasn lindung Jantung Objective: to manage sustainably natural resources Kalimantan. located outside the protected area networks within the Tujuan: Mengelola Sumber Daya Alam yang bekerlanjutan di Indonesian part of Heart of Borneo luar kawasan lindung Jantung Kalimantan.

Reference: National Working Group (2014), National Strategic Plan of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019

THE HEART OF BORNEO 17 Photo by © Andri Tambunan

18 THE HEART OF BORNEO RENCANA AKSI STRATEGIS NASIONAL JANTUNG KALIMANTAN (2015 -2019)

MEMPERSIAPKAN KODISI Integrasi dan Harmonisasi Sektor dan DALAM PELAKSANAAN & Program Pendekatan Provinsi / PERCEPATAN PROGRAM Kabupaten/Kota HEART OF BORNEO

• Best Practice Pengembangan SDA PENGELOLAAN yang Berkelanjutan SUMBER DAYA ALAM • Pengelolaan Penggunan Dana YANG BERKELANJUTAN • FPIC SEKTOR TERKAIT • Mengembangkan “Share PENGELOLAAN Governance” KAWASAN LINDUNG • Peningkatan Kapasitas Sistem Pendukung KEMENTERIAN HoB COORDINATOR IMPLEMENTASI BIDANG & GOAL PENGEMBANGAN • Peningkatan Kapasitas Lokal PEREKONOMIAN EKONOMI YANG • Membangun Ekonomi Kreatif BERKELANJUTAN PADA • Membangun Infrastuktur dan DAERAH PERBATASAN jaringanjaringan- penghubung PROVINSI YANG TERKAIT • Membangun TDA PENGEMBANGAN • Partisipasi Komunitas Lokal ECO WISATA • Menghidupkan Kembali Budaya, Situs Budaya dan W arisan T radisional KAB/KOTA YANG TERKAIT

Meningkatkan Kerjasama dengan PENINGKATAN pihak-pihak terkait dalam KAPASITAS peningkatan kapasitas

STRATEGI PENDEKATAN PROGRAM HEART OF BORNEO KOORDINASI & IMPLEMENTASI

PROGRAM 3: Protected areas management practices PROGRAM 3: Praktek-praktek pengelolaan kawasan Objective: to improve the effectiveness and participations lindung of stakeholders in managing protected areas within the Tujuan: meningkatkan efektivitas dan partisipasi pemangku HoB area for conserving biodiversity and their ecosystems kepentingan dalam mengelola kawasan lindung di PROGRAM 4: Trans-border sustainable economic dalam kawasan Jantung Kalimantan untuk melestarikan development keanekaragaman hayati dan ekosistemnya. Objective: wellbeing of the people in border area based PROGRAM 4: Pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan di on sustainable development of natural resources kawasan perbatasan PROGRAM 5: Ecotourism development Tujuan: peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat di daerah Objective: Identify and promote sustainably development perbatasan berdasarkan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam of ecotourism in HoB area berkelanjutan PROGRAM 6: Capacity building PROGRAM 5: Pengembangan Ekowisata Objective: strengthening local capacity in dealing with Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi dan mendukung pengembangan sustainable resources of natural resources, protected area Ekowosata di Jantung Kalimantan management and ecotourism development PROGRAM 6: Peningkatan Kapasitas Tujuan: Penguatan kapasitas lokal dalam menangani sumber daya alam yang berkelanjutan, pengelolaan kawasan lindung dan pengembangan ekowisata.

THE HEART OF BORNEO 19 GREEN ECONOMY - A LOW EKONOMI HIJAU – CARBON SUSTAINABLE KONSEP PEMBANGUNAN DEVELOPMENT FOR HEART OF BERKELANJUTAN RENDAH BORNEO KARBON UNTUK JANTUNG “Toward a green and sustainable KALIMANTAN Indonesia”, is one of Indonesia “Mewujudkan Indonesia yang development vision state on Act. hijau dan lestari” merupakan No 17 of 2007 about Long-Term salah satu visi pembangunan National Development Plan. The Negara Indonesia yang tertuang National Medium Term Development dalam Undang-Undang No.17 Plan (RPJMN) valid for 2014-2019, Tahun 2007 mengenai dalam state the forestry sector became Rencana Pembangunan Nasional one of development priorities Jangka Panjang (RPJP). Dalam and has established its vision “ A RPJMN 2014-2019, sektor lead to improve people welfare, kehutanan menjadi salah satu through productive and competitive prioritas pembangunan dan telah sustainable forest management”1. menetapkan visinya “Menjadi The Heart of Borneo natural capital is terdepan dalam meningkatkan a high value, not only for national but kemakmuran rakyat melalui also global economic development. pengelolaan hutan lestari, 1 Shifting to a green economy that produktif dan berdaya saing tinggi” . values and invests in natural capital Sumber daya alam Jantung would help to sharply reduce many Kalimantan memiliki nilai yang of these negative trends, while tinggi bukan hanya dalam supporting climate change mitigation mendukung pembangunan and adaptation2. ekonomi nasional, namun juga pada The role of the economic sector tingkal global. Dengan beralih ke is becoming more important and konsep Ekonomi Hijau dan investasi green economy should be the dalam pengelolaan sumber strategy for the development of daya alam, diharapakan mampu the forestry sector. Recognizing mengurangi dampak negatif dari the high value of natural resources eksploitasi sumber daya alam of the HoB it is important to sekaligus mendukung mitigasi dan 2 incorporate environmental factors adaptasi perubahan iklim . into the economic system to Peran sektor ekonomi ensure the continuity of the menjadi penting, dan konsep functions of the environment and or ekonomi hijau menjadi strategi natural resources. pengembangan untuk sektor kehutanan. Menyadari akan tingginya nilai sumber daya alam di Jantung Kalimantan, maka dirasakan penting untuk dapat mengintegrasikan faktor All photo © Andri Tambunan lingkungan ke dalam sistem pengembangan ekonomi untuk menjamin keberlanjutan fungsi

lingkunan dan ketersediaan sumber

daya alam.

Reference: 1 National Working Group (2014), National Strategic Plan of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019 2 WWF HoB Global Initiative (2012) Heart of Borneo Investing in Nature for A Green Economy A Synthesis Report

THE HEART OF BORNEO 21 GREEN ECONOMY IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

THEME BUSINESS AS USUAL (BAU) GREEN ECONOMY (GE)

Spatial Planning Limited enforcement or reconciliation Coherent land use plans including the creation of a category for of land use plans leads to deforestation degraded land, expanding community forests and implementation of and forest degradation watershed protection Protected Areas Poorly managed protected areas Effective protection of natural habitats with improved connectivity lead to loss of biodiversity and among protected areas fragmentation of natural habitats

Forestry Widespread conventional logging and Reduced impact logging, international certification of sustainable forest plantation within High Conservation management, plantations limited to highly degraded or deforested areas Value Forest (HCVF) that are not HCVF.

Areas with inactive forestry concessions Concession management is improved. Inactive forestry land is result in degradation due to lack of protected to reduce degradation. Forest restoration concessions are management implemented within natural forest areas following logging

Palm oil Oil palm expansion is permitted in Oil palm plantations do not expand in any area of natural forest. Land Plantation natural forest areas and HCVF swaps for permits granted within natural forest, to ensure expansion on degraded land only. No improvement in oil plantation management Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) ensures that management practices are improved, including improved fertilizer and pesticide application management Mining Mining causes forest degradation Mining follows international good practice guidelines, with improved within concessions and air and water waste management treatment reducing impacts on air and water quality pollution Agriculture No improvement in agricultural Sustainable agriculture practices maintain and restore soil quality, practices, increasing reliance use of chemical fertilizers is reduced, larger biodiversity gene bank on chemical fertilizers, use of provides wild varieties that may be hybridized to ensure greater monocultures results in greater resilience to pest and diseases vulnerability to pests and diseases

Energy Energy consumption grows, reducing Increased energy efficiency reduces domestic consumption (especially exports and increasing the cost of of fossil fuels), renewable energy use expands, costs and impacts of energy use fossil fuel consumption are reduced

Power is mostly generated from coal Investments in non-hydro renewable energy power plants are and other fossil fuels, limiting exports implemented to decentralize power generation and to reduce and generating GHG emissions consumption of coal for electricity supply and lower GHG emissions

Biodiversity Based Limited infrastructure and support to Sustainable biodiversity products from legal community forests (NTFP Enterprises advance biodiversity-based products and agro-forestry), bioprospecting and biotechnology supports soil such as NTFP and agro-forestry quality, minimizes erosion and sedimentation and secures forest carbon by reducing pressure to convert forests

Innovative Green Limited infrastructure and support to New business models build local economies, e.g., using ‘waste Sectors advance innovative green sectors products’ from waste produced by current HoB industries Sektor Inovasi Hijau

22 THE HEART OF BORNEO THE HEART OF BORNEO 23 THE GREEN ECONOMY IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTASI EKONOMI HIJAU IN HEART OF BORNEO1: DI JANTUNG KALIMANTAN1: West Kalimantan: Kalimantan Barat: Memperkuat basis ekonomi produktif Strengthening Productive Economy Base Implementasi ekonomi hijau di bidang ekonomi kreatif Green economy implementation in the field of innovative yang inovatif di Kalimantan Barat dilakukan secara sinergis creative economy in West Kalimantan is carried out dengan pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat setempat. in synergy with the economic empowerment of local Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Barat bekerja sama dengan communities. The government of West Kalimantan pemerintah kabupaten setempat juga telah merencanakan Province in collaboration with the province’s local pengembangan pertanian berkelanjutan. district governments has also planned the sustainable Kalimantan Tengah: Agroindustri Kelapa Sawit agriculture development. Berkelanjutan Central Kalimantan: Sustainable Palm Oil Agro- Industri perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kalimantan Tengah Industry masih menghadapi banyak tantangan terutama dalam The oil palm plantation industry in Central Kalimantan hal kelestarian lingkungan dan pelestarian. Provinsi ini is still facing a lot of challenges especially in terms of membutuhkan investasi swasta dalam jumlah besar untuk environmental sustainability and preservation. The mengembangkan agroindustri berbasis kelapa sawit dan province needs large amounts of private investment menerapkan prinsip-prinsip ekonomi hijau yang lebih ramah to develop its palm oil-based agro-industry and lingkungan. apply the principles of green economy that is more Kalimantan Timur: Rencana Tata Ruang, environmentally friendly. Satu Data Satu Peta East Kalimantan: Spatial Plan, One Data One Map Basis data dan informasi merupakan aspek penting dalam Data base and information is an important aspect pengembangan perencanaan pembangunan yang terukur in developing a measurable and comprehensive dan komprehensif. Database pengembangan yang akurat, development planning. The accurate, centralized and terpusat dan terpadu akan meningkatkan analisis kebijakan integrated development database will enhance a pembangunan yang benar, aktual, berkualitas dan akuntabel correct, actual, quality and accountable development untuk provinsi, kabupaten / kota dan pemangku kepentingan. policy analysis for the province, districts / cities Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur telah secara tegas and stakeholders. The East Kalimantan Provincial menjelaskan, untuk mencapai visi pembangunan, harus Government has firmly outlined, to achieve the vision of mengacu pada basis data spasial “One Data, One Map” yang development, has to refers to an accurate, up to date, akurat, lengkap, lengkap, akuntabel”. integrated, complete, accountable “One Data, One Map” Kalimantan Utara: Jasa Lingkungan dan Lumbung Pangan spatial data base. Implementasi ekonomi hijau melalui pengembangan jasa North Kalimantan: lingkungan hutan sangat dimungkinkan di Kaltara, meng- Environmental Services and Food Granaries ingat Taman Nasional Kayan Mentarang (TNKM) terletak North Kalimantan has also planned the construction di provinsi ini. Kalimantan Utara juga telah merencanakan of large-scale food granaries comprising an area of pembangunan lumbung pangan skala besar yang terdiri dari 50,000 hectares known as Delta Kayan Food Estate 50.000 hektar yang dikenal dengan nama Delta Kayan Food (DKFE). there are at least three agricultural companies Estate (DKFE). that have invested in rice and non-staple food crops farming.

1 National Working Group (2014), National Strategic Plan Of Action Heart of Borneo 2015-2019 Heart of Borneo

24 THE HEART OF BORNEO CHALLENGES IN MANAGING TANTANGAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN HEART OF BORNEO JANTUNG KALIMANTAN

� Unsustainable use of natural resources � Penggunaan sumber daya alam yang � Current development tend to depend on tidak berkelanjutan � non-renewable resources Pembangunan saat ini cenderung bergantung pada sumber daya � Local capacity appear to be needing tak terbarukan substantial improvement in governance � Meningkatan kapasitas lokal dalam and technical as well as policy analysis kemampuan teknis dan perbaikan tata and formulation kelola pemerintah, serta analisa dan � Continues improvement on health and perumusan kebijakan. � education for all in HoB Memperbaiki tingkat kesehatan dan pendidikan bagi masyarakat di Jantung � Increasing of the use of sustainable Kalimantan secara terus menerus. energy throughout HoB area � Meningkatnya penggunaan energi � Developing sustainable funding to berkelanjutan di seluruh wilayah manage the HoB initiative. Jantung Kalimantan � Mengembangkan mekanisme pendanaan berkelanjutan dalam pengelolaan Jantung Kalimantan.

26 THE HEART OF BORNEO CURRENT GLOBAL SUPPORTS TO THE HOB DUKUNGAN GLOBAL UNTUK JANTUNG KALIMANTAN As the HoB is a government initiative, the majority Sumber keuangan pemerintah dan swasta dapat of funding comes from them. Funding is derived dimanfaatkan untuk menopang pengelolaan Jantung from national budget revenue & expenditure (APBN) Kalimantan. Apabila dikolaborasikan dengan and regional budget revenue & expenditure (APBD). dukungan sumber dari lembaga donor, maka In the implementation of HoB, related partners pengelolaan Jantung Kalimantan akan menuju pada have allocated funding obtained from other parties pembangunan yang rendah karbon dan berbasis (donors, for example) or from government partners1. lingkungan yang memperhatikan kelestarian Since the HoB initiative was launched the main keanekaragaman hayati, hutan, Daerah Aliran Sungai 2 financial support came from civil society such as serta pengurangan emisi karbon . WWF Indonesia and international agency (ADB and Sejak inisiatif Jantung Kalimantan diluncurkan, World Bank) as well as donor countries such as dukungan secara global diperoleh antara lain dari government of United States, German, Denmark, WWF Indonesia dan lembaga-lembaga donor (ADB the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, and World Bank) serta dana bantuan dari negara Singapore and others. Amerika, Jerman, Denmark, Belanda, Inggris, Government and market sources of finance can be Australia, Jepang, Singapura dan lainnya. utilized to sustain the Heart of Borneo landscape. HoB adalah inisiatif Pemerintah, sebagian besar Combined with donor sources, the HoB are in dana berasal dana-dana Pemerintah. Sumber position to transition towards low-carbon and green dana berasal dari APBN dan APBD. Dalam development paths that are based on biodiversity pelaksanaan Jantung Kalimantan, mitra terkait telah conservation, forest and watershed protection and mengalokasikan dana yang diperoleh dari pihak lain carbon emission reductions2. (antara lain donor) atau dari mitra pemerintah1 . IN LOOKING FOR A SUSTAINABLE KEBERLANJUTAN DUKUNGAN PENDANAAN FUNDING FOR THE HEART OF BORNEO UNTUK JANTUNG KALIMANTAN In the implementation of HoB, related Pendanaan berkelanjutan (sustainable partners have allocated funding obtained from financing) perlu dikembangkan untuk menjamin other parties (donors, for example) or from keberlangsungan kegiatan di Jantung Kalimantan. government partners. Pendanaan berkelanjutan dimaksud adalah Currently HoB is developing sustainable financing pendanaan dari pemerintah, bantuan negara lain schemes which are sourced from the government, (donor), swasta (Corporate Social Resposibility, CSR), other state donors, Corporate Social Resposibility atau lembaga non-pemerintah lainnya baik nasional or CSR from private or other non-governmental maupun internasional. institutions both nationally and internationally. Sumber pendanaan lain yaitu dari imbal jasa In addition, sustainable financing mechanisms, lingkungan (Payment for Environmental Services, based on the potential for environmental services PES). Imbal jasa lingkungan dimaksud seperti jasa (Payment for Environmental Services, PES), are air, karbon, keanekaragaman hayati, ekowisata dan being developed. PES is refered to as service water, sebagainya. carbon, biodiversity, ecotourism and so on.

1 National Working Group Heart of Borneo, Heart of Borneo 2 A partnership approach to economic sustainability financing the Heart of Borneo

THE HEART OF BORNEO 27 Further information on Heart of Borneo initiative, please contact: Kelompok Kerja Nasional (Pokjanas) Heart of Borneo Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian Republik Indonesia National Working Group Heart of Borneo Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs Republic of Indonesia Jl. Lapangan Banteng Timur No.2-4, Jakarta 10710 Telp: +62 21 3500 901 Fax: +62 21 3521 1967 Secretariat of National Working Group Heart of Borneo Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation Ministry Environment Forestry Republic of Indonesia Gedung Manggala Wanabakti Blok VII Lt.7 Telp/Fax: +62 21 5720 229

www.heartofborneo.or.id

28 THE HEART OF BORNEO