DOCSLIB.ORG

Investment Offer

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Investment Offer Investment offer 1. Project name and information of organization: Project name: "Reconstruction of manufacture workshop with a warehouse and the household house for production organization of automobile composite cylinders for CNG" Project location: Hrodno region, Novogrudok Company full name (project initiator): JSC «Novogrudok gas equipment plant» Owner ship: non-state Registration date: 03.05.2000 Authorized fund accounts for 775,152 ths USD Authorized fund structure: state 99,82 %, non-state entities 0,18% 2. Market characteristics Description of the current tendencies of development of the industry: • market capacity: near 250,0 millions euro • key market players: public transport of the Republic of Belarus, bus plants of the RB, Gomel ARZ, "Neman"; plants of the Russian Federation: LIAZ, KAVZ. NEFAZ, GAZ Group plants, etc. extent of state regulation (price regulation, activities licensing, etc.): No. This investment project is directed on creation of production of composite gas cylinders for the compressed natural gas (CNG) on the basis of production capacities of JSC Novogrudok gas equipment plant. The basis for development of production of composite gas cylinders of CNG are: - the protocol of intentions of cooperation between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and JSC Gazprom on development of use of natural gas as motor fuel; - The resolution of Department of Economic Affairs of the Republic of Belarus dd 29.04.2013 No. 28 "On approval of a complex of actions for expansion of use of natural gas as motor fuel"; - The executive order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 767-r dd May 13, 2013 "On the order of the making motor transport run on gas motor fuel". others (to be specified): In case of agreements "Gazprom" guarantees that within 10 years the price of gas motor fuel will constitute no more than 50% of the diesel fuel cost. The analysis of development of the world market of gas fuel shows that production of metane composite cylinders is a perspective project. As the world practice shows, demand for such cylinders will only grow. For implementation of this investment project of JSC Novogrudsky Plant of the Gas Equipment has the developed production, engineering and transport infrastructure, the highly skilled personnel. For implementation of this investment project JSC Novogrudok gas equioment plant has the developed production, engineering and transport infrastructure, the highly skilled personnel. The implementation, provided by the project of the technical solutions, will allow to create high-technology modern production, to provide release of the perspective, competitive products meeting the European requirements with the minimum material, energy and labor costs per unit of products. Key economic indicators of the sector: • annual industrial output (in current prices): 409,753 billion rubles • profitability of sales in industry (in %): 11,6 • average monthly nominal salary of workers in industry: 4782,5 thousand rubles. 3. Project description: The characteristic of production planned: • main consumers: Bus manufacturers and cargo vehicles in the Russian Federation and RB, JSC Gazprom TransGas Belarus; owners of a public transport, etc. • main competitors: JSC Rugazko, Russian Federation and Norway; X-perion, Germany, Ullit, France, Santek, Turkey, etc. • products sales channels: Participation in Programms of the Russian Federation on conversion of automobile transport to CNG. State and commercial organizations • Total investment costs according to the project, in total 12466,6 ths. US dollar, including capital costs: 7730,1 ths. US dollar. Need for project financing at the expense of the investor: 12466,6 thousand USD, Type of investor participation: % of shares purchase % of authorized fund purchase joint venture creation other: (to be specified) credit resources of investor and foreign Investment structure: Research and development; Construction; Preparation for production; Equipment and license purchase; Real estate purchase; Replenishment of current assets; Other: Necessity of import: Equipment; Raw material; Production techniques; Component parts; Other: Performance indicators: Year of project 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 realization Expected sales, $ 8626,3 28754,3 28754,3 28754,3 28754,3 ths. Expected market 3,5 12,0 12,0 12,0 12,0 share (%) Expected export of production, $ 7763,8 7763,7 7763,7 7763,7 7763,7 ths. Share of export in 90,0 90,0 90,0 90,0 90,0 total sales (%) • the expected geographic structure of export is as follows: Country (region): Russian Federation, share of export: 90%; Country (region): Ukraine, share of export: 7%; Country (region): Tajikistan, share of export: 2%; Other regions: share of export:1% • Expected number of employees for the project realization: 30 ; • other significant characteristics: Purchase of complete plant on the plug-and-produce basis on production of composite cylinders of the 4th type for storage of CNG i.e. technology, the equipment, a design of a product and certification on compliance to the European regulations of UNECE R110 is provided. 4. Exploitability and competitive advantages Description of infrastructure available: access to railway lines and roads Warehouses, logistical terminals Possibility to expand production and install additional facilities Possibility to create the necessary infrastructure via state budgetary financing other (to be specified): Degree of production availability (available industrial area, land allocation, other): there are a project business plan, floor, warehouse and other necessary spaces and infrastructure available Strategic competitive advantages Dominance at the domestic market; Complexity and continuality of the technological process; Logistical advantages; Experienced management; Price factor; Other: Implementation of this project will allow JSC Novogrudok gas equipment olant to put on the market new goods which has no analogs in the Republic of Belarus. It will allow to strengthen entities position in the market of the gas equipment and to provide sales of products in the planned amounts by release of high-quality, competitive, best-selling products. Production of composite cylinders will allow the entity to execute the program for import substitution of this type of products in the territory of the Republic of Belarus. Investor’s benefits: Market entry; Access to large contract works; Participation in the procedure of public purchases; Local raw materials; Benefits granted; Other: 5 . Preliminary performance indicators of the project Revenue, excluding VAT (after an exit to design capacity) 28754,3 thousands USD; Simple payback period of the project (PBP): 4,7 years/year; Dynamic payback period of the project (DPBP): 6,4 years/year; Internal return rate (IRR) of 22,3%; The net discounted income (NPV) of 3345,6 thousand euros. 5. Contact information Executive in charge (Full Name, position): Kasalapov Alexander Fakeevich, leading engineer of the chief mechanical engineer department Tel. +375 1597 4 07 57 GSM. +375 296 217 540 Fax 1597 34297 e-mail [email protected] Issue date of the investment offer: 21/02/2014 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Russian Automotive Market 2018 Results and Outlook
    Russian automotive market www.pwc.ru/automotive 2018 results and outlook Passenger cars | Light commercial vehicles | Trucks | Buses February 2019 Contents 1 Overview of the Russian passenger car market 3 2 Overview of the Russian commercial vehicle market 11 3 Conclusions 15 4 About PwC 17 PwC 2 1 Overview of the Russian passenger car market PwC 3 Sanctions-related risks materialising in the first half of 2018 triggered year-end declines in several key macroeconomic indicators GDP growth rate and consumer price index (CPI), Average nominal RUB/USD exchange rate, Q1 2016 to Q4 2018 Q1 2016 to Q4 2018 8.4 74.9 7.4 6.8 GDP against similar quarter last year, % 5.8 65.9 CPI against similar quarter last year, % 66.5 4.6 64.6 65.6 4.2 3.9 63.0 3.4 61.9 3.0 57.1 2.5 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.2 58.6 59.0 58.4 56.8 0.4 0.9 -0.4 -0.2 0.6 1.9 1.5 -0.5 1.3 1Q ’16 2Q ’16 3Q ’16 4Q ’16 1Q ’17 2Q ’17 3Q ’17 4Q ’17 1Q ’18 2Q ’18 3Q ’18 4Q ’18 1Q ’16 2Q ’16 3Q ’16 4Q ’16 1Q ’17 2Q ’17 3Q ’17 4Q ’17 1Q ’18 2Q ’18 3Q ’18 4Q ’18 Sources: Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, Rosstat. Source: Central Bank of the Russian Federation Consumer confidence index, Q-end Brent oil price behaviour, USD Q1 2016 - Q4 2018 Q1 2016 - Q4 2018 82.7 79.4 70.3 -8.0% -8.0% 66.9 -11.0% -11.0% 56.8 57.5 -15.0% -14.0% -14.0% 52.8 53.8 -18.0% -17.0% -19.0% 49.7 49.1 47.9 39.6 -26.0% -30.0% 1Q ’16 2Q ’16 3Q ’16 4Q ’16 1Q ’17 2Q ’17 3Q ’17 4Q ’17 1Q ’18 2Q ’18 3Q ’18 4Q ’18 1Q ’16 2Q ’16 3Q ’16 4Q ’16 1Q ’17 2Q ’17 3Q ’17 4Q ’17 1Q ’18 2Q ’18 3Q ’18 4Q ’18 Source: Rosstat Source: Bloomberg PwC 4 In 2018, the passenger car market continued to recover, demonstrating 13% growth despite the slowdown in the Russian economy In 2018, sales of new Sales among Russian makers Sales of foreign brands Imports accounted for around passenger cars in Russia increased by 14%, driven by surging assembled in Russia grew by 16% of total sales in 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran and South Asia, the World's #1 NGV Sub-Region
    Volume V Number 38 April 2010 Iran and South Asia, the world’s #1 NGV sub-region Iran India 3 million converted 150 new stations in and OEM NGVs by 2010 and 3.3 M 2014 NGVs by 2015 2 April 2010 Summary Strong players from South Asia 04 and Iran Asian NGV Communications is a publication Iran and the countries in South Asia, of NGV Communications Group, publishing Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, house and fairs-conferences organizer: together form a strong market in the www.ngvgroup.com NGV industry. South Asia itself, ... In Europe, we print The Gas Vehicles Report, GVR, and www.ngvguide.com, the International NGV Guide. India is set to see 3.3 millions In Argentina, the Group publishes Prensa 18 NGVs by 2015 Vehicular, Argentine CNG Guide, maps, books and brochures while in Brazil, Folha As the economic condition is starting do GNV, Brazilian NGV Guide, maps and to look up, the demand for natural posters, among others. In Peru Prensa Vehicular Peru. More info: www.ngvgroup.com gas as a fuel for industries and The signed articles are exclusive responsibility of automotives is increasing. ... the authors, as well as advertising companies and agencies are responsible for the published ads. is member of the Iran Khodro to produce ANGVA (Asia Pacific 20 CNG-electric hybrid cars NGV Association) Iran's number one carmaker, KOREA Iran-Khodro, (IKCO), announced that it has decided to increase its products to 680,000 vehicles in 2010. ... 300-5, Changchon-Ri ■ Namsan-Myun Chuncheon-Si ■ Kangwon-Do ■ 200-911 Tel.
    [Show full text]
  • Volkswagen Truck & Bus and Russian GAZ Group Sign Letter of Intent
    Volkswagen Truck & Bus and Russian GAZ Group sign letter of intent • The core of the letter of intent is to look into possibilities of a strategic partnership between Volkswagen Truck & Bus and GAZ Group • Signing with the participation of the Governor of Nizhniy Novgorod, Valery Shantsev • Andreas Renschler: “With this bilateral letter of intent, we are taking another important step in our Global Champion strategy and are clearly demonstrating our commitment to the Russian market.” • Manfred Eibeck: “Expansion of cooperation between the GAZ Group and Volkswagen Truck & Bus will make it possible to explore our capabilities for the development in commercial transport segments.” Nizhniy Novgorod, June 15, 2017 – Today, Volkswagen Truck & Bus and the GAZ Group, a part of Russian Machines Corporation consolidating the machine-building assets of the Basic Element Group, signed a letter of intent in Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia, which will enable the companies to identify the possibilities for a long-term strategic partnership. The main focus will be on the delivery and joint assembly of components as well as joint product concepts. The Volkswagen Truck & Bus Group with its brands MAN, Scania, and Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus as well as the GAZ Group, which is the largest manufacturer in Russia of light-, medium- and heavy-duty commercial vehicles, already have a long-standing partnership in the bus sector. Now, this relationship of trust is to be intensified to the mutual benefit of both companies. Volkswagen Truck & Bus has a comprehensive portfolio of technologies as well as an extensive international sales network. As the largest manufacturer of vans, trucks, buses, and passenger cars in its home market, the GAZ Group has an excellent local competence and infrastructure.
    [Show full text]
  • Fuel Consumption Standardization Technique For
    Petrov, N., Andreev, S., Ivanov, M., Degtyarev, A. /Vol. 8 Núm. 23: 476 - 486/ Noviembre - diciembre 2019 476 Artículo de investigación Fuel consumption standardization technique for LiAZ-5256.57 buses using the example of the municipal unitary enterprise “Yakut Passenger Transport Company”, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Методика нормирования расхода топлива для автобусов ЛиАЗ-5256.57 на примере муниципального унитарного предприятия «Якутская пассажирская автотранспортная компания» Республики Саха (Якутия). Técnica de estandarización del consumo de combustible para los autobuses LiAZ-5256.57 utilizando el ejemplo de la empresa municipal unitaria "Yakut Passenger Transport Company", República de Sakha (Yakutia) Recibido: 9 de agosto del 2019 Aceptado: 15 de septiembre del 2019 Written by: Petrov Nikolay Vadimovich196 Andreev Sergey Vasilievich197 Ivanov Mikhail Semenovich198 Degtyarev Aytal Vasilievich199 Abstract Абстрактные The article analyzes suburban bus transportation В статье анализируются пригородные with specific routes in the Republic of Sakha автобусные перевозки по конкретным (Yakutia). For the experimental study, the route маршрутам в Республике Саха (Якутия). Для No. 101, “Yakutsk – Tabaga” with a total length экспериментального исследования был of 31 km was chosen. The schedule of buses of выбран маршрут № 101 «Якутск - Табага» Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Yakut Passenger общей протяженностью 31 км. Показан Transport Company (YAPAK)” on the suburban график движения автобусов муниципального route is shown. The basic technical data of the bus унитарного предприятия «Якутская LiAZ-5256.57 was studied. In accordance with пассажирская транспортная компания international regulations for the buses, the (ЯПАК)» на пригородном маршруте. determination of fuel consumption and specific Изучены основные технические данные emissions of normalized toxic components is автобуса ЛиАЗ-5256.57. В соответствии с carried out using a riding cycle on running drums.
    [Show full text]
  • Passenger Cars – 109 898 Units in February 2021, up 1.7% YOY; 205 903 Units in January-February 2021, Down 2.4% YOY
    PRESS-RELEASE 17 MARCH 2021 AUTOMOBILE MARKET OF RUSSIA IN FEBRUARY AND JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2021 In February 2021, sales of new MOTOR VEHICLES in Russia, based on registration data, grew by 2.4% year- on-year to 125 936 vehicles. In January-February 2021, the total sales were 235 280 vehicles*, down 2.4% year-on-year, of which: • Passenger cars – 109 898 units in February 2021, up 1.7% YOY; 205 903 units in January-February 2021, down 2.4% YOY. Among them electric vehicles – 75 units in February 2021, up 435.7% YOY; 186 units in January-February 2021, up 675.0% YOY. • Light commercial vehicles including light trucks (N1 category, without pickups) and minibuses (M2 category) – 8 590 units in February 2021, up 16.5% YOY; 15 603 units in January-February 2021, up 7.2% YOY. • Picku ps – 610 units in February 2021, down 23.8% YOY; 1 090 units in January-February 2021, down 37.6% YOY. • Truck s (except N1 category) including special-purpose vehicles – 6 093 units in February 2021, up 10.5% YOY; 10 984 units in January-February 2021, down 3.4% YOY. • Buses (except М2 category) – 745 units in February 2021, down 39.9% YOY; 1 700 units in January-February 2021, down 27.0% YOY. *without sales to military, law enforcement and diplomatic agencies in RF COMMENT: Alexander Kovrigin, Deputy Managing Director of ASM Holding, commented: Sales of passenger cars in February 2021 were up 1.7% year-on-year and down 2.4% year-to-date. We expect a slight decrease of sales in March, to be followed by beginning of growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Car Market Situation and Policies in Russia
    OICA Round Table “The World Auto Industry: Situation and Trends” Green car market situation and policies in Russia Igor Korovkin Yuri Kravtsov Seoul, 23 October 2014 1 CURRENT SITUATION ON THE GREEN VEHICLE MARKET IN RUSSIA MOTOR VEHICLES ON ALTERNATIVE FUELS The current parc of CNG-fueled commercial vehicles in Russia is about 86,000 units, or 1.5% of the total CV fleet. Until recently, no one OEM produced gas-fueled vehicles, all of them being retrofitted by a few small businesses. At present, CNG-fueled CVs are manufactured by 7 Russian OEMs belonging to either GAZ Group (GAZelle vans, Ural trucks, PAZ, LiAZ and KAVZ buses) or KAMAZ Group (KAMAZ trucks and NEFAZ buses). However, the total annual oputput of CNG-fueled vehicles still does not exceed 5000 units. HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES (HEV) Conventional hybrids are mainly passenger cars. Their sales were 1307 units in 2013 and 631 units in January-August 2014. Eight brands are selling in this segment, the biggest share (over 80%) being cartured by Lexus. All hybrids are imported ones. Source: AEB PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES (PHEV) AND FULL BATTERY-ELECTRIC VEHICLES (BEV) The Russian market of EVs charged from the electrical grid is in its first stages. The number of plug-in hybrids sold in Russia was only 6 units in 2013 and 193 units in January-August 2014, while the sales of all-electric cars were 118 units in 2013 and 72 units in 2014. The plug-in hybrids sold were mostly Infiniti-branded, and the sales of all-electric cars were divided between the i-MiEV model from Mitsubishi and the EL LADA from AVTOVAZ.
    [Show full text]
  • Truck Market 2024 Sustainable Growth in Global Markets Editorial Welcome to the Deloitte 2014 Truck Study
    Truck Market 2024 Sustainable Growth in Global Markets Editorial Welcome to the Deloitte 2014 Truck Study Dear Reader, Welcome to the Deloitte 2014 Truck Study. 1 Growth is back on the agenda. While the industry environment remains challenging, the key question is how premium commercial vehicle OEMs can grow profitably and sustainably in a 2 global setting. 3 This year we present a truly international outlook, prepared by the Deloitte Global Commercial 4 Vehicle Team. After speaking with a selection of European OEM senior executives from around the world, we prepared this innovative study. It combines industry and Deloitte expert 5 insight with a wide array of data. Our experts draw on first-hand knowledge of both country 6 Christopher Nürk Michael A. Maier and industry-specific challenges. We hope you will find this report useful in developing your future business strategy. To the 7 many executives who took the time to respond to our survey, thank you for your time and valuable input. We look forward to continuing this important strategic conversation with you. Using this report In each chapter you will find: • A summary of the key messages and insights of the chapter and an overview of the survey responses regarding each topic Christopher Nürk Michael A. Maier • Detailed materials supporting our findings Partner Automotive Director Strategy & Operations and explaining the impacts for the OEMs © 2014 Deloitte Consulting GmbH Table of Contents The global truck market outlook is optimistic Yet, slow growth in key markets will increase competition while growth is shifting 1. Executive Summary to new geographies 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Adressverzeichnis
    ADRESSVERZEICHNIS ANHÄNGER & AUFBAUTEN . .Seite 11–13 BUSSE. .Seite 13–16 LKW und TRANSPORTER . .Seite 16–19 SPEZIALFAHRZEUGE . .Seite 19–22 ANHÄNGER & Aebi Schmidt ALF Fahrzeugbau Andreoli Rimorchi S.r.l. Deutschland GmbH GmbH & Co.KG Via dell‘industria 17 AUFBAUTEN Albtalstraße 36 Gewerbehof 12 37060, Buttapietra (Verona) 79837 St. Blasien 59368 Werne ITALIEN Acerbi Veicoli Industriali S.p.A. Tel. +49.7672-412-0 Tel. +49.2389 98 48-0 Tel. +39 045 666 02 44 Strada per Pontecurone, 7 www.aebi-schmidt.com www.alf-fahrzeugbau.de www.andreoli-ribaltabili.it 15053 Castelnuovo Scrivia (AL) ITALIEN Agados spol. s.r.o. ALHU Fahrzeugtechnik GmbH Andres www.acerbi.it Rumyslová 2081 Borstelweg 22 Hermann Andres AG 59401 Velké Mezirici 25436 Tornesch Industriering 42 Achleitner Fahrzeugbau TSCHECHIEN Tel. +49.4122 - 90 67 00 3250 Lyss Innsbrucker Straße 94 Tel. +420 566 653 311 www.alhu.de SCHWEIZ 6300 Wörgl www.agados.cz Tel. +41 32 387 31 61 Asch- ÖSTERREICH AL-KO www.andres-lyss.ch wege & Tönjes Aucar- Tel. +43 5332-7811-0 Agados Anhänger Handels Alois Kober GmbH Zur Schlagge 17 Trailer SL www.achleitner.com GmbH Ichenhauser Str. 14 Annaburger Nutzfahrzeuge 49681 Garrel Pintor Pau Roig 41 2-3 Schwedter Str. 20a 89359 Kötz GmbH Tel. +49.4474-8900-0 08330 Premià de mar, Barcelona Ackermann Aufbauten & 16287 Schöneberg Tel. +49.8221-97-449 Torgauer Straße 2 www.aschwege-toenjes.de SPANIEN Fahrzeugvertrieb GmbH Tel. +49.33335 42811 www.al-ko.de 06925 Annaburg Tel. +34 93 752 42 82 Am Wallersteig 4 www.agados.de Tel. +49.35385-709-0 ASM – Equipamentos www.aucartrailer.com 87700 Memmingen-Steinheim Altinordu Trailer www.annaburger.de de Transporte, S Tel.
    [Show full text]
  • GAZ Group Annual Report 2008
    Annual Report 2008 GAZ Group 1 Contents Statement of the Chairman of the Management Board ........................................................................ 3 GAZ Group general information .......................................................................................................... 5 GAZ Group profile ........................................................................................................................... 5 GAZ Group mission and strategy..................................................................................................... 7 Organizational structure ................................................................................................................... 9 Key events of 2008......................................................................................................................... 10 Key events of the beginning of 2009.............................................................................................. 17 Main lines of business ........................................................................................................................ 19 Light commercial vehicles (LCV) and medium commercial vehicles (MCV) .............................. 19 Buses............................................................................................................................................... 25 Trucks ............................................................................................................................................. 30 Construction
    [Show full text]
  • Autobusiness N 138 Eng.Pdf
    content Content Car Marke……………………………………………………………..……………………………………...………….. 3 Commercial Vehicles………………………………………...….……………………………………………………. 21 Foreign Investors: Business Organization in Russia ……………………………………………..…….……… 27 Auto component sector – no way out?………………………….……….………………………………………… 31 DMS: Auto Dealers’ Experience …………………………………………………………………………………….. 34 A Car on Demand …………………………………………………………………………………………………..…. 38 Power Plant ……………………………………………………………………....………………………...………….. 43 Model Highway Initiative ……………..…………………………………………………………………...………….. 43 Autobusiness [138] June 2013 | 2 first quarter results Car Market The car segment of the first quarter of 2013 is characterized by a pronounced stability of its indices. The production and sales growth was insignificant, in comparison with the first quarter of 2012. The increase in the share of foreign cars in the car production and sales structure also slowed down. Car Production Over the first three months of 2013, in Russia, 452.5 thousand cars were manufactured, which is only a 0.62% increase on the production result for the same period of 2012. Shares of Russian and foreign cars in the production structure also remained almost unchanged. In January-March 2013, 140.6 thousand cars of Russian brands were produced, which amounted to 31.07% of the total production volume. For comparison, In January-March 2012, their share was equal to 31.11%. Despite the total production volume stability, in the first quarter of 2013, the dynamics of cars, produced by various manufacturers, differed significantly. So, most enterprises, producing cars of Russian brands, showed the negative production dynamics. AVTOVAZ’s car production decreased by 4.63%, in particular, due to the assembly termination of Lada Kalina cars of the previous generation and preparation for the production of a new model of Kalina cars. The car production of Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant also decreased, by 14.1%.
    [Show full text]
  • RUSSIAN 2017 BUS MARKET the Russian Bus Market Is Quite Conservative and the «Rules of the Game» Are Determined by the State
    А В Т О б у с ы ANALY TICS RUSSIAN 2017 BUS MARKET The Russian bus market is quite conservative and the «rules of the game» are determined by the state. In this text we will tell about what those rules are and the alignment of forces on the market in 2017 MINIBUSES A significant part of commercial passenger trans­ minibuses on the basis of vans of European brands and Mercedes­Benz Sprinter Classic are produced portation in Russian cities is made by route mini­ (according to the company ASM­holding). At the in Russia in full cycle. But the importation from buses – minivans of the M2 category, created on same time, the base vans of the Peugeot Boxer, abroad of new full­blown minibuses for commer­ the basis of LCV segment vans. From time to time Citroen Jumper, FIAT Ducato, IVECO Daily, Merce­ cial passenger transport is devoid of any economic regional authorities declare their desire to remove des­Benz Sprinter and Renault Master models sense, since such vehicles will be absolutely un­ minibuses from urban routes and replace them are imported from abroad, while the Ford Transit competitive at a price. It remains to add that the with large buses. But in fact, in the overwhelming majority of regions the picture remains the same, and small private carriers continue to operate main­ ly minibuses. For this reason, the volume of sales of minibuses is almost three times higher than sales of other «ordinary» buses (small, medium and large capacity): according to our estimates, in 2017 at least 30 thousand minibuses were delivered to the register against 11.5 thousand larger buses .
    [Show full text]
  • Modernization of the Cooling System in Tractors with Gas Engines
    E3S Web of Conferences 224, 04048 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022404048 TPACEE-2020 Modernization of the cooling system in tractors with gas engines N A Bolshakov1,*, O N Didmanidze1 , and E P Parlyuk1 1Russian State Agrarian University - MAA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Timiryazevskaya st., 49, 127550, Moscow, Russian Federation Abstract. With an increase in the power/weight ratio of vehicles in cities and towns, the thermal loads of many functional units increase significantly. This requires the organization of the removal of excess heat into the environment, since the violation of the proper thermal regime in individual functional units prevents the realization of the potential operational properties of the entire vehicle up to failure. At the same time, the variety of operating conditions for vehicles, causing a change in a wide range of factors of the working environment, especially road and climatic ones, creates a difficult, both in practical and theoretical terms, problem of ensuring the required thermal regime for functional units. In this regard, the paper presents a consistent development of the theory of hydro- thermodynamic properties of functional units based on the principles of constructing the operational properties of vehicles. The problems determining the further search and scientific substantiation of meters and indicators for assessing the efficiency of cooling systems, as well as the development of methods, tools and equipment for calculating and studying these systems are considered. At the same time, the work presents the improvement of the working process and designs of gas engines of tractors aimed at increasing reliability through the use of new production technologies.
    [Show full text]