AnAlytics 25–27 октября 2016 • Москва • МВЦ «КрокусЭкспо»

of these vehicles have been manufactured in 2015. Thanks to the wide bodywork, the interior layout can accommodate four rows, increasing the number of passenger seats to 18 (plus one person RUSSIAN BUS MARKET REVIEW standing). The model is only available in diesel engine and the price tag starts from €16,350. However, Gazelle Next microbuses, There are two news from the Russian bus market: one good, one bad. The bad news is that based on all­metal wagon, have become the premiere model of last year. The vehicle was launched at COMTRANS 2015 the market shrinkage continued in 2015. In particular, the sales of new vehicles -small, medium exhibition in September. The plant has already completed the and large capacity (excluding microbuses)- have all fallen below the psychological mark production preparations and manufactured the first pilot of 10,000 vehicles. The good news, on the other hand, is that the bus manufacturers not only samples. The model will be put on the market as soon as possible. avoided losses last year, but also some of them even achieved to update their model ranges. The 16­seater version with three­row cabin layout will be Judging by the sales figures, the implementation of the government programme, subsidising the available in the market at the first stage. Modifications, allowing standing passengers, will be possible in future. purchases of natural gas fuelled buses, has played an important role in this achievement. It’s not without reason that gas modifications appeared in the production lines of all leading bus factories. A short overview, introducing the main range of buses manufactured in Russia in 2015, is below.

Nikolai Markov [1] Photo of the author, Nikolai alexaNdrov, GAZ Group / GAZ Sergei aNdreev, GAZ Group, which incorporates five automobile plants: GAZ, 12­seater minibuses. In addition, GAZ manufactures the regular eduard WolMaN, PAZ, KAVZ, LIAZ, Ural, maintains its position as the largest bus route version of 13­14 passenger capacity Gazelle Business with alexander ereMiN, manufacturer in Russia. The main volume of sales in bus produ c­ high plastic roof, in cooperation with the contractor PKF Luidor. laushkin alexei, Nicholas StarygiN, tion belongs to microbuses, manufactured at Gorky Car Factory The prices of Gazelle Business range between €10,000 ­ €14,500, [2] konstantin ChiStyakov, (GAZ) in Nizhny Novgorod. Currently, the factory manufactures depending on the type of modification. Interestingly, both Sobol manufacturers two lines of LCV: old and new. The old line is formed of two fami­ and Gazelle Business can be delivered as 4x4 with 2­speed and resource www.fotobus.msk.ru lies: Sobol (2.8­3.05 tonnes gross weight, single tyres, indepen­ transfer gearbox (full­time or part­time depending on customer dent spring front suspension) and Gazelle Business (3.5 tonnes choice) and rear axle differential lock, for an extra payment of gross weight, dual rear axle, dependent spring front suspension). just €470. Frankly, no other manufacturer in Europe can boast of The remaining features of the vehicles are the same: 2.9lt UMZ converting a vehicle to four­wheel­drive for such a small addit­ petrol engine, which is also available as hybrid, or Chinese product­ ional charge today. The total production figure of old model ion Cummins ISF 2.8 diesel engine. Gearbox: 5­speed manual range LCV for 2015 is around 7,000 units. only. Sobol microbuses, up to 6 passengers carrying capacity, are Gazelle Next is the new brand name for the LCV range of GAZ. available as either the low­roof version with rising trunk lid or The main differences from the previous generation of vehicles medium­roof version with hinged luggage compartment doors. are the completely new cabin and the upgraded bodywork The selected body type doesn’t have an effect on prices, which (independent front suspension, rack­and­pinion steering gear [4] start from €9400. The model range for Gazelle Business micro­ etc.). The microbus with completely original bodywork, [3] buses is wider. Two versions of medium roof height vehicles are specifically designed for regular­route traffic, has become the ê GAZ Gazelle NEXT [1] GAZ Sobol 4x4 with frame body available: corporate transportation for 8 and 13 passengers or first passenger vehicle of the family in 2014. Approximately 2000 [2] GAZ Gazelle Business GAZ Group / pAZ (PKF Luidor) [3] GAZ Gazelle NEXT Another venture of GAZ Group: Pavlovski Bus Factory (PAZ) with all-metal body specialises in the production of small and medium size buses. As [4] GAZ Gazelle Business in GAZ factory, the production scheme of PAZ can also be divided into two main model ranges: old and new. The 7­metre PAZ­3205, developed in 1979, is the flagship model of the factory. The sales volume of PAZ­3205 is more than double the è PAZ-3205 total sales figure of all the remaining models manufactured at ê PAZ-4234 the factory! According to our data, 4000 vehicles have been assembled last year. The key factors of the market success of this model are its reliability in bad road conditions, simplicity of structure and economic price. Despite having a maximum ca­ pacity of 42 passengers, the price of PAZ­3205 is comparable to microbuses, which carry less than half that number. The factory offers a number of basic designs for PAZ­3205, which differ in number of passenger doors (1 or 2), cabin layout and seat types. There’s also a small but steady demand for modifications for student transportation and off­road conditions (PAZ­3206 with 4x4 wheel formula­ 92 units were registered in Russia in 2015). Only a small percentage of PAZ­3205 buses roll off the assembly line with diesel engines. Almost all of the customers opt for the version with carburetted V8 engine, the construction of which dates back to the end of the 50’s. Over the years, the mo der ni­ sation in the production of PAZ­3205 only affected the technical components of the vehicle. The model has been restyled for the first time only very recently, receiving a new body front and new

44 2 [126] 2016 КОММЕРЧЕСКИЙ ТРАНСПОРТ www.ktmagazine.ru 45 AnAlytics 25–27 октября 2016 • Москва • МВЦ «КрокусЭкспо» lighting technology. The assembly of the last party of pre­restyled buses has been completed during the second half of 2015. The GAZ Group / liAZ different features of the more unified and larger model: PAZ­4234 LIAZ plant, established in the city of Likino­Dulyovo in Moscow in comparison to PAZ­3205 are as follows: 1.2m longer body, Region, had been specialised only in city buses with high or stronger powerplant and strengthened chassis. PAZ­4234 has extra­high capacity, until recently. However, the production of a maximum capacity of 50 passengers and can be equipped with the intercity and tourist bus models has been transferred to LIAZ, either of the following diesel engines: Cummins, MMZ or YaMZ. from the redesigned Golitsyn Bus Plant in 2014. The model range The total production for 2015 is at least 570 units. has also been expanded with the addition of the shortened [1] The new range of PAZ factory: Vector 4 is more diverse. The [2] version of the city buses, which belong to medium­class. A total vehicles, which come in four different body lengths: 7.1m, 7.6m, number of 894 buses have been manufactured in the plant in 2015. 8.5m and 8.8m, have not been modified for 4x4 yet. The pro duc­ LIAZ­5292 was the most demanded model (about 587 units). tion figures, on the other hand, are more modest. The total figure Initially, LIAZ­5292 was a 12­metre, low­floor bus with up to 114 for all buses from this line has reached approximately 1200 ve­ passenger carrying capacity, however, a down­sized 10.5m mo­ hicles in 2015. Vector 4 buses, as in PAZ­3205, also have a front­ del for 75 passengers with completely unchanged technical com­ drive layout, but the height of the floor level is much lower and ponents (including the power unit and axles with suspension), is [1] the working conditions are significantly improved for the driver. being manufactured on the basis of the vehicle for the last couple The buses are manufactured in two types of design and have sig­ of years. Currently, LIAZ­5292 is available with MAN or YaMZ diesel [3] [4] nificant differences in passenger capacities, depending on body engines or MAN gas engine. The model has two body designs. dimensions. For example, the shortest model, designed for The second most popular series is LIAZ­5256. The high­floor 43 passengers, doesn’t come with diesel engine. The options are: buses with up to 110 passenger capacity are available in urban, the carburetted V8 ZMZ or (since 2015) the gas­operated “quad” suburban and intercity versions. The series has reached a sales Isuzu 4HV1. (The Japanese engine has joined the lineup, as a re­ figure of more than 139 vehicles last year. All versions have the sult of the recently signed agreement, proposing cooperation bet­ same length, but the body of the intercity bus has been manu­ ween GAZ Group and Isuzu Motors). The gearbox is mechanical factured as high­floor. The model can be equipped with Cummins only and the suspension is all­wheel spring. The 7.6m bus can hold or YaMZ diesel or Cummins gas engines paired with the ZF, Voith [2] [3] up to 10 extra passengers and equipped with either of the fol lo­ or Allison gearboxes. Practically, LIAZ­5293 is indistinguishable wing diesel engines: YaMZ or Cummins. The last one can be sup­ from LIAZ­5256 in appearance. The only difference lies in the plied paired with Allison automatic gear. The 8.5m version can body base, which has a low­floor in the front part of the cabin hold up to 70 passengers. The specific features of the model are and in the construction of the front axle, as a consequence. The [5] as follows: sprung ­ air­power rear wheel suspension and the op­ rest of the design is the same. In 2015, more than 90 of these tion to order Spanish Dana axles instead of Russian KAAZ and gas buses have been manufactured. The factory also manufactures operated Cummins instead of a diesel engine. The 8.8m ver sion, [1] PAZ-3206 (4x4) differs from Vector 4 with its substantially smaller body width. Ac­ articulated models on the basis of LIAZ­5256 and 5293, however, modified for schools used in city or long distance passenger transport, is the largest cordingly, the interior layout is designed as three­rows, instead of no such orders have been received during the previous year. of the Vector 4 range (up to 64 and 50 passengers, respectively). [2] PAZ Vector 4 (7,1 m) four. The model will be positioned as a competitor to minibuses The factory has launched LIAZ­4292, the new medium­size A feature of the inner­city version is the double­winged rear [3] PAZ Vector 3 in the market, built on the basis of the all­metal European brand model with 75 passenger capacity in 2015. The model with 9.5m door, which allows the steps of the cassette lift to be mounted for [4] PAZ Vector NEXT vans. The new bus model Vector NEXT has been launched at the body length either comes with three doors and a fully low floor the wheelchair users. The intercity version is equipped with [5] PAZ Vector 4 (8,8 m) COMTRANS 2015 exhibition. The model is based on the special (urban version) or with two doors and 60% lower floor level in adjustable seats with folding armrests and seat belts and has an bus chassis of GAZon NEXT, on which the original 7.64m long the front part of the cabin. Lighter versions of YaMZ engines and isolated luggage compartment at the rear part of the body. body is placed. The vehicle has a maximum passenger carrying ZF axles have been used, in comparison with the 10.5m version Up to now we have spoken about the current conditions at capacity of 53 people. Despite being the most modern model and the front suspension is independent. The 4292 model, which PAZ. Now it’s time for a few lines about the future, in other words, out of all buses manufactured at PAZ (YaMZ­534 Euro­5 standard is the most contemporary urban vehicle manufactured by LIAZ the latest developments. The test production of the first party of diesel engine, disc brakes on all wheels, ZF integral steering mecha­ factory currently in terms of technical capacity, can be supplied [4] Vector 3 buses has been made in the factory in 2015. This 7.36m [6] KAVZ Aurora (8,4 m) nism and the air­powered rear suspension ASR), Vector NEXT is in a version with multiplex wiring and CAN bus, full self­diagnosis long, 33­seater city bus, built on diesel frame Isuzu chassis, [7] KAVZ Aurora (10 m) compatible with all roads, irrespective of the pavement type. system and VDO instrument panel, according to customer demand. The model complies with the European standards, as to [1] LIAZ-5292 designed for 47 passengers. Both models use Scania chassis, ho­ the working conditions of drivers in public transport. In total, [2] LIAZ-5256 wever, with different engine sizes (250 hp and 400 hp res pecti vely). three pilot samples of LIAZ­4292 have been produced over the [3] LIAZ-5251 Voyage In addition, Cruise is available with Opticruise automatic gearbox GAZ Group / KAVZ past year. [4] LIAZ-4292 only, whereas Voyage can be ordered with a conventional ma­ KAVZ factory, based in the Siberian city of Kurgan, specialises in The remaining two models are: the 12.5m Voyage bus, used in nual gearbox as well. The production figure of Cruise and Voyage the production of rear­drive, mid­size Aurora family buses with suburban and intercity routes and the 12m high­floor coach Cruise, ê LIAZ-5291 Cruise is 72 units. high floor level, the production of which was transferred to the plant from PAZ in 2003. The line has two types of body lengths (8.4m and 10m) and two variants of front design. The shorter bus is available in urban, suburban and intercity versions (up to 56 pas­ GAZ Group / urAl sengers) and the longer one in suburban, intercity and school [6] The last plant belonging to GAZ Group: Ural, established in service types (up to 44 passengers). All modifications are equip­ Miass, does not manufacture “buses”, as in the conventional ped with manual gearbox only (ZF or Eaton) and Cummins engi nes sense of the word. For more than half a century, the plant has (4­cylinder diesel for short version and 6­cylinder diesel or gas for been specialised in the production of all­terrain trucks (the range the long version). The production volumes exceeded 4000 units consists of 4x4, 6x6 and 8x8 models, with bonnets or cab­over at KAVZ during the best years of the last decade, however, the cabins). However, a shop, manufacturing passenger vehicle company has manufactured just 318 Aurora buses in 2015, three bodies for the purpose of assembly on truck chassis, has been in quarters of the figure belonging to the 10­metre version. By the operation in the plant for some time. The resulting vehicles are way, the factory also had the 10­metre, urban, semi­low floor called “shift buses” and most commonly used for the transport KAVZ­4270 model with Cummins gas engine in store in 2014, of workers (gas, oil industry etc.) in off­road conditions. however, no decision as to the production of the model has been Sometimes the shift buses run on regular roads, transporting [7] made yet, due to the current conditions of falling demand. passengers in remote regions of Siberia and Far­East. For

46 2 [126] 2016 КОММЕРЧЕСКИЙ ТРАНСПОРТ www.ktmagazine.ru 47 AnAlytics 25–27 октября 2016 • Москва • МВЦ «КрокусЭкспо» example, when the journey involves long routes with unpaved roads or crossing river fords. The model range of Ural shift buses consists of two body types. The shorter version is designed for 22 seats and mounted on 4x4 or 6x6 chassis with any type of cabin, whereas the longer version is provided with 30 seats and on a long 6x6 chassis only. There are also passenger­and­freight versions of both models, with enclosed luggage compartment at the rear. The total production figure for 2015 is 275 vehicles. sollErs / ForD For Ford Sollers plant, the year 2015 was marked by the launching of the production of the latest generation of full­cycle technology Ford Transit vans, with welded and coloured bodies. Besides all­ URAL-3255 on URAL NEXT chassis with gas and diesel engine metal vans, the model range of standard Ford products includes several variants of passenger and school minibuses, the sales figure of which reached approximately 1000 vehicles in 2015, out Intercity NEFAZ-5299 of the total sales number of 4754 Ford Transit of all modifications in Russia. However, it should be noted that subsequent altera­ tions have been implemented on a portion of the approximately 3000 Ford Transit all­metal vans in passenger transport, as de­ nEFAZ man ded by outside contractors. LIAZ factory faces serious competition from NEFAZ, based in Neftekamsk, in Russian large buses market. Being one of the subsidiaries of KAMAZ, it’s only natural that almost all of NEFAZ products, including buses, are based on KAMAZ chassis. A sollErs / uAZ minimum number of 400 large capacity (12m) NEFAZ­5299 Sollers is the main competitor of GAZ Group in microbus and buses have been manufactured in Neftekamsk in 2015, in ten minibus production in Russia, with its UAZ factory in Ulyanovsk versions. The gas engine version formed the largest number of and Ford Sollers Holding in Elabuga. UAZ manufactures a family School bus on the basis of Ford Transit, Elabuga Assembly production. In particular, approximately 30% of the total of utility 4x4 light commercial vehicles with cab­over layouts. production belongs to the three­door urban semi­low floor Microbuses and freight­and­passenger vehicles are also included By the way buses with 279 hp, automatic transmission Mercedes­Benz M in the family, besides flatbed trucks and all­metal vans. What’s 906 gas engines (available in Voith or ZF gearboxes). More than unique about these vehicles is that the structure of their body, SHIFT BUSES 12% of the production consists of the two­door, high­floor as well as the design, has remained unchanged ­just do not URAL and NEFAZ are the largest, but by gon and others, have no option but to use suburban buses equipped with 260 hp, manual gearbox KAMAZ faint­ since 1965! Since then small upgrades have taken place no means the only shift bus manufacturers 4-wheel-drive KAMAZ, URAL and GAZ V­8 gas engines. In addition, a sufficient amount of high­floor, in Russia. There are around a dozen other chassis. For instance, UralSpecTrans manu- in individual components and assemblies, the engines changed companies, making the same type of pro- fac tures shift buses on URAL 8x8 chassis, é Semi-low floor urban (always remaining petrol), but the overall architecture, duction, ho we ver, in smaller quantities. For which is not even available in URAL plant NEFAZ-5299 ergonomics and passive safety has been frozen in time. For that example, Krona-NN and Rus Com trans com- itself. A relatively new trend in the market reason, one shouldn’t be surprised that the dashboard in these panies from Nizhny-Novgorod manufac tu- is the production of shift buses for oil and re shift buses with 15-20 passenger capacity gas complexes, on the chassis of all- ç Gas engine Bravis vehicles is made of steel and the steering wheel of oak (plastic), on the chassis of GAZ trucks, using not wheel-drive European brands. AMZ (on such components not being very different from those which only 4x4, but also 4x2 chassis. Their cus to- Mercedes-Benz Zetros and IVECO-AMT mers are different types of public utilities Eurocargo chassis), Ruscomtrans (Scania, equipped the Soviet vehicles during times of World War II. è NEFAZ Cube shift bus However, the vehicles are still in demand today, due to their and main te nance crews, who generally do MAN) and Promavto (MAN) are the main with sandwich-panel not go off-road. However, most manufactu- companies, making such productions in body high performance, simplicity of design and low cost. After rers, such as: Promavto, UZST and Avto fur- recent times. all, the cargo­passenger version UAZ­3962, with folding ben­ ches for passengers alongside the lateral sides of the body is ê NEFAZ-4208 shift bus currently on the market for less than €7000 and the UAZ­2206 with welded all-metal microbus with full seating for 8 or 9 passengers, excluding body the driver, has a price tag of €7300. There were registered 2,262 microbuses UAZ­2206 and around 7,000 commercial low­floor and semi­low floor buses were manufactured for city vehicles UAZ­3962 in Russia in 2015. and suburban transportation, with diesel Cummins ISB engines. Finally, the NEFAZ­5299 family has a 42­46 passenger capacity, high­floor intercity version with Cummins ISB diesel engine, Krona-NN shift bus on GAZ-3309 chassis (4x2) AMZ shift bus on Mercedes-Benz Zetros chassis which is manufactured in small numbers. Last year’s production figure was around 20 vehicles. The production of the 8­metre, 45­50 passenger capacity Bravis buses, manufactured at NEFAZ as a joint­venture with the Brazilian company Marcopolo, stands out amongst other models. During the development of Bravis buses, the Brazilian side was responsible for the body and the Russian side for the chassis (supplied by KAMAZ, equipped with Daimler axles and ZF gearboxes). Initially, the buses were manufactured with Cummins diesel engines only, however, since the end of 2014, a gas version Promvato shift bus on KAMAZ chassis Ruscomtrans shift bus on Scania G400 chassis is also available with Chinese Yuchai engines, in order to revive UAZ-3962 the demand in times of market shrinkage. The significance of the

48 2 [126] 2016 КОММЕРЧЕСКИЙ ТРАНСПОРТ www.ktmagazine.ru 49 AnAlytics 25–27 октября 2016 • Москва • МВЦ «КрокусЭкспо» appearance of the gas engine can be understood from the following figures: a total number of a little over 80 Bravis buses have been manufactured in 2015, at least 74 being gas operated. Finally, NEFAZ remains the largest manufacturer of shift buses in Russia, for which KAMAZ supplies 4x4 or 6x6 diesel and gas trucks. Around 400 Bravis were manufactured last year.

By the way BUSES ON ALL-METAL VAN BASIS Buses manufactured from ready all-metal vans by specialised firms, account for more than a third of bus production in Russia. Window openings are cut in the original body of the vans, embedded elements installed for the fixing of seats, heat insulation set up and the interior panels of the former cargo department are decorated. Vehicles for different pur- po ses, such as: taxis, tourist, school, funeral and social (for é Volgabus the transport of disabled people) buses are manufactured in CityRhythm 12 CNG this manner. Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Classic is the most VolGABus popular basis for such conversions (the one before the last Volgabus company, from the city of Volzhsky, offers a wide range generation of Sprin ter), manufactured at GAZ factory, to be subject to future alter ations by PKF Luidor. The following of bus models, from medium to extra large capacity, including most popular vans are: Ford Transit, FIAT Ducato and the coaches.The 12m semi­low floor city bus ­ Volgabus CityRhythm buses are completely low­floor, due to the interior layout é Volgabus current generation of Mercedes-Benz Sprinter, through 12, with Chinese gas engine YuChai, was the most manufactured designed for 167­182 passengers. The extensive use of ZF CityRhythm 18 BAW which thousands vehicles have been manufactured in 2015. model (not less than 107 vehicles). By the way, this new model components stands out in the technical plan (portal axles, BAW­RUS Motor Corporation bus factory from Ulyanovsk has Several hundred microbuses or couples of dozens have been converted on the basis of IVECO Daily, Peugeot Boxer, has been launched only in 2015. Whereas a year earlier, a more automatic gearboxes, steering), besides multiplex wiring and shown faint signs of life in 2015. The facility has been idle since Citroen Jumper and Renault Master. The lion’s share of such expensive fully low­floor version with MAN gas engine was VDO dashboard, in compliance with the European standards. the end of 2013. The plant has been established as a joint­ conversions belongs to three manu facturers: ST Nizhe go ro- supplied to transport companies, which prefer gas engine buses. In addition, Volgabus has demonstrated the prototype of the venture by Russian AMS­GROUP and BAIC Corporation of China, dets, PKF Luidor, Promtech (Samotlor-NN Holding). Gas modification also secured the demand for the medium­size 47­seater intercity bus Serpentine, at COMTRANS’2015 mainly specialised in the production of low and medium tonnage high­floor Volgabus Rhythmix family (length: 8.2m), which are exhibition. The body has been unified as much as possible with trucks. However, a small capacity bus, developed independently manufactured on Indian Ashok­Leyland chassis. The buses are the higher city model CityRhythm 12, causing a few compromises: on the chassis of BAW Fenix trucks, has been added to the equipped with 183 hp YuChai engines and ZF manual gearboxes a smaller luggage compartment and a lower ceiling in the aisle. product range in 2009. In the hope of reviving the demand, a ê [1] Volgabus and can carry 48 to 55 passengers. Around 40 gas engine The technical components are the same in many ways: 260 hp prototype of the diesel engine BAW Street Line bus has been Rhythmix CNG Rhythmix have been shipped to customers, approximately 20 of Chinese spark ignition YuChai engine, ZF front axle and Raba rear manufactured in the factory at the end of last year, specifically which were manufactured in 2015. CityRhythm 18 articulated axle. A battery of eight 123 lt metal­composite cylinders is also for the purpose of participating in the specialised exhibition: î [1] BAW Street Line ê [2] Volgabus city buses with MAN diesel engines are the last items in the fitted on the roof. The serial production of Serpentine could not with diesel-gas engine Petersburg International Gas Forum. The licenced Chinese diesel Serpentine CNG commercial release statistics of Volgabus, with 50 vehicles. The be started last year, since the model has not been certified yet. engine Deutz has been converted to diesel­gas by Russian engineers, ê [2] Intech Fox in cooperation with experts from the Italian company Lovato. Ho­

ê Nizhegorodets wever, neither any news of actual orders for the vehicle has been VSN700 heard of yet, nor any results from the certification process. ¢ é PKF Luidor public minibus taxi st niZhEGoroDEts on Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Classic basis The company has made a name for itself as a manufacturer of a [1] wide range of buses, on the basis of all­metal vans. However, the company has stepped into a new kind of operation recently, the production of “karkasniki” (buses with firm steel framework), besides alterations from vans. This process has started with the final assembly of the Serbian Fenix FBI 83 buses, based on IVECO Daily 70C chassis. What followed was the localisation of Fenix body production and the construction of the company’s own design on the chassis of the “karkasnik” has started subsequently last year. The vehicles, designed as urban fixed­run taxi buses [1] with up to 45 passenger carrying capacity, have been brand é IRITO public minibus taxi on FIAT Ducato L4H2 basis named as Nizhegorodets VSN700. The price of the vehicle is ê Nizhegorodets tourist bus on Renault Master L4H3 basis around €51,000. The first 16 samples of VSN700 have been introduced to Moscow traffic in January 2016. intEch Earlier, in 2014, another company from Nizhny­Novgorod: Intech has started the small­scale production of Fox buses with fiberglass body frames, on IVECO Daily 70C chassis. These buses are primarily aimed for long­distance intercity and tourist transportation, therefore having superior features (high adjustable seats, air­conditioning, luggage racks etc.). Depending on legroom and the interior plan, the number of seats can vary between 26 and 31. According to our information, around 20 Fox [2] [2] buses have been manufactured in 2015.

50 2 [126] 2016 КОММЕРЧЕСКИЙ ТРАНСПОРТ www.ktmagazine.ru 51