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1. Laporan-2020-Loka Litbang P2B2

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1. Laporan-2020-Loka Litbang P2B2 LAPORAN AKHIR PENELITIAN PENGARUH PENEBARAN IKAN NILA MERAH (Oreochromis niloticus ) TERHADAP KEPADATAN NYAMUK Anopheles DI KECAMATAN MERAPI BARAT, LAHAT DAN DI KECAMATAN SEMIDANG AJI, OGAN KOMERING ULU TAHUN 2020 Penyusun: Yahya,SKM.,M.Si. dan Tim BALAI PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN KESEHATAN BATURAJA BADAN PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN KESEHATAN KEMENTERIAN KESEHATAN 2020 2 3 4 5 6 7 SUSUNAN TIM PENELITI Panitia Pembina Ilmiah Pusat III: 1. Dra. Shinta., M.Si 2. Jusniar Ariati, S.Si. M.Si Keahlian / Kedudukan No N a m a Uraian Tugas Kesarjanaan dalam Tim Ketua Entomologi Bertanggung jawab terhadap 1 Yahya Pelaksana Kesehatan/ S2 seluruh aspek penelitian. Membantu dalam kegiatan Lasbudi P. survei entomologi dan 2 S2 Kesehatan Anggota Ambarita wawancara mendalam dan FGD Membantu merancang metode penelitian, kuesioner 2 Milana Salim S2 Kesehatan Anggota penelitian, analisa data, serta kegiatan lapangan. Bertanggung jawab pada R. Irpan 3 S2 Kesehatan Anggota kegiatan penangkapan namuk Pahlevi dan identifikasi Anopheles Bertanggung jawab pada Yanelza pembuatan prosedur 4 S2 Kesehatan Anggota Supranelfy penelitian dan penangkapan nyamuk. Bertanggungjawab pada Indah 5 S1 Sosiologi Anggota kegiatan FGD, analisis Margarethy tematik data kualitatif Bertanggung jawab pada Rizki kegiatan pengumpulan data 6 Nurmaliani S1 Kesehatan Anggota di lapangan, penyiapan ikan nila merah, dan penyiapan laporan Membantu pengumpulan data kepadtaan populasi Surakhmi S1 Kesehatan jentik Anopheles dan 7 Anggota Oktavia Masyarakat membantu dalam identifikasi nyamuk Anopheles hasil pembiakan dari jentik Membantu dalam analisis Dheli data, kegiatan pemetaan dan 8 S1 Statistik Anggota Ofarimawan membantu pembuatan laporan Membantu dalam penyiapan Kesehatan 9 Desi Asyati Anggota alat untuk penangkapan Lingkungan survei jentik, pengamatan 8 lingkungan, membantu pembuatan laporan, membantu penyiapan ikan nila merah yang akan ditebar Membantu dalam identifikasi habitat Anophele s, untuk Vivin intervensi penebaran ikan 11 S1 Biologi Anggota Mahdalena nila merah, serta membantu dalam membuat peta lingkungan. Membantu dalam kegiatan Hendri penangkapan nyamuk 12 SLTA/litkayasa Anggota Erwadi dewasa, identifikasi nyamuk Anopheles Membantu dalam pengumpulan data populasi Katarina Sri jentik di lapangan, 13 SLTA/litkayasa Anggota Rahayu menyiapkan alat survei dan membantu menyiapkan ikan nila merah Membantu dalam penyiapan alat untuk penangkapan Rahayu Hasti Kesehatan survei jentik, pengamatan 14 Anggota Komaria Lingkungan lingkungan, membantu kegiatan penangkapan nyamuk dewasa Himawan Membantu aspek 15 S1 Ekonomi Admintrasi Sutanto administrasi penelitian. Membantu aspek 16 Sutiman SLTA Administrasi administrasi penelitian. 9 10 PERSETUJUAN ATASAN YANG BERWENANG Baturaja, Desember 2020 PENGARUH PENEBARAN IKAN NILA MERAH (Oreochromis niloticus ) TERHADAP KEPADATAN NYAMUK Anopheles DI KECAMATAN MERAPI BARAT, KABUPATEN LAHAT DAN DI KECAMATAN SEMIDANG AJI, OGAN KOMERING ULU TAHUN 2020 Pengusul, Yahya, SKM, M.Si NIP. 197905012002121006 Mengetahui, Ketua PPI Puslitbang Ukesmas Kepala Puslitbang Upaya Kes. Masy. Dr. Miko Hananto, SKM.,M.Kes Ir. Doddy Izwardy, MA NIP. 197105151997031003 NIP. 196302161986031005 11 Lembar Pengesahan Laporan Penelitian Judul Penelitian: PENGARUH PENEBARAN IKAN NILA MERAH (Oreochromis niloticus ) TERHADAP KEPADATAN NYAMUK Anopheles DI KECAMATAN MERAPI BARAT, KABUPATEN LAHAT DAN DI KECAMATAN SEMIDANG AJI, OGAN KOMERING ULU TAHUN 2020 Ketua Pelaksana : Yahya, S.K.M., M.Si NIP : 197905012002121006 Satuan Kerja : Balai Litbang Kesehatan Baturaja Disetujui Komisi Pembina Pembina I Pembina II Dra. Shinta., M.Si Jusniar Ariati, S.Si. M.Si NIP. 196201181992032001 NIP. 196907151997032003 Diketahui Ketua PPI Puslitbang Ukesmas Kepala Puslitbang Upaya Kes. Masy. Dr. Miko Hananto, SKM.,M.Kes Ir. Doddy Izwardy, MA NIP. 197105151997031003 NIP. 196302161986031005 12 KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena berkat dan rahmat-Nya maka laporan hasil penelitian yang berjudul: “Pengaruh Penebaran Ikan Nila Merah ( Oreochromis niloticus ) Terhadap Kepadatan Nyamuk Anopheles di Kecamatan Semidang Aji, Ogan Komering Ulu dan Kecamatan Merapi Barat Tahun 2020 ”dapat diselesaikan tepat pada waktunya. Laporan hasil penelitian ini memiliki kekurangan dan keterbatasan, sehingga kami mengharapkan kritikan dan saran yang membangun guna perbaikan di masa datang. Laporan yang disampaikan merupakan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan tim peneliti maupun tim pendukung yang telah bekerjasama dengan kemampuan masing-masing secara maksimal. Penulis menyampaikan terima kasih kepada Prof. Dr. M. Sudomo yang telah memberikan masukan mengenai metode penelitian. Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Panitia Pembina Ilmiah dari Puslitbang Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat (Ibu Dra. Shinta, M.Si dan Jusniar Ariati, S.Si,. M.Si) yang telah memberi masukan dalam proses pembuatan proposal dan protokol penelitian. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Kepala Balai Litbang Kesehatan Baturaja (Bapak Yulian Taviv, S.K.M,.M.Si) yang telah memberikan kepercayaan penuh kepada kami sehingga penelitian ini dapat diselesaikan. Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Kepala Dinas Kesehatan Kab. OKU dan Kab. Lahat beserta jajarannya, Kepala Dinas Perikanan dan Peternakan Kab. OKU beserta jajaranya, Kepala Dinas Perikanan Kab. Lahat beserta jajarannya, Kepala Puskesmas Ulak Pandan, Kepala Puskesmas Merapi II, serta para pengelola program malaria dan surveilans di Puskesmas Ulak Pandan dan Puskesmas Merapi II yang telah memfasilitasi sehingga penelitian ini berjalan lancar. Tidak lupa penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Kepala Desa Tubohan, Kepala Desa Padang Bindu, Kab. OKU dan Kepala Desa Merapi, Kab. Lahat yang telah membantu kelancaran pelaksanaan penelitian ini. Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu pelaksanaan kegiatan penelitian serta pembuatan laporan hasil penelitian ini. Akhirnya penulis berharap semoga laporan hasil penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat sebagai masukan khususnya bagi Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten OKU dan Lahat dalam upaya pengendalaian penyakit malaria, sehingga program eliminasi malaria di Kab. OKU dan Lahat bisa tercapai. Besar harapan kami kiranya hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi informasi yang bermanfaat bagi semua pihak. Tim Peneliti 13 RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF Malaria merupakan penyakit menular yang menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, karena menimbulkan angka kesakitan dan kematian yang tinggi serta menurunkan produktivitas sumber daya manusia dan pembangunan nasional. 1,2,3 Sebagian besar wilayah di Sumatera masuk dalam kategori endemis rendah (artinya API < 1/1.000 penduduk berisiko), namun ada beberapa kabupaten yang masih termasuk dalam kategori endemis sedang (API 1-5/1.000 penduduk berisiko). Hingga tahun 2018, dari 17 kabupeten/kota yang ada di Sumatera Selatan, baru delapan kabupaten/kota yang mencapai program eliminasi malaria. Pada tahun 2018, kasus malaria tertinggi di Sumatera Selatan adalah Kabupaten Lahat (408 kasus), Kabupaten Muara Enim (181 kasus), OKU Selatan (223 kasus) dan OKU Timur (70 kasus), sedangkan di OKU (15 kasus). Berbagai upaya pengendalian vektor malaria telah dilakukan di Sumatera Selatan meliputi Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) dan penggunaan kelambu berinsektisida. Upaya pengendalian vektor malaria melalui pemanfaatan ikan pemakan jentik perlu digalakkan di Sumatera Selatan dalam upaya memutus mata rantai penularan malaria. Pengendalian biologi dengan penebaran ikan nila merah ( Oreochromis niloticus ) dipilih untuk menurunkan populasi nyamuk Anopheles sebagai upaya untuk memutus rantai penularan malaria. Pemilihan ikan nila merah karena telah ada penelitian sebelumnya yang menunjukkan hasil bahwa jenis ikan tersebut efektif menurunkan populasi jentik Anopheles . Hasil penelitian Ghosh et al. di India tahun 2004 menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan larva dan pupa Anopheles pada parit buatan yang diamati pada hari ke-30 dan hari ke-45 setelah dimasukkan ikan nila merah. Penelitian Ghosh (2017) menunjukkan bahwa Oreochromis niloticus juga mampu menuurnkan jumlah larva Culex quinquefasciatus . Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Sudomo (1998) menunjukkan hasil bahwa kolam yang diisi dengan ikan nila merah dan ikan mas, jentik nyamuknya lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan kolam yang diisi dengan ikan mas saja. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membantu pemutusan rantai penularan malaria dengan upaya menurunkan populasi jentik Anopheles dan populasi Anopheles dewasa di Kecamatan Semidang Aji Kabupaten OKU dan Kecamatan Merapi Barat Kabupaten Lahat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di satu desa endemis malaria dan memiliki variasi jenis genangan air. Pada satu desa akan dilakukan intervensi dengan penebaran ikan nila merah. Selanjutnya akan dibandingkan kepadatan jentik Anopheles dan Anopheles dewasa melalui survei entomologi yang terdiri atas penangkapan jentik dan Anopheles dewasa. Selain penebaran ikan nila 14 merah, akan dilakukan juga pendampingan kepada masyarakat melalui kelompok tani, agar masyarakat mau memanfaatkan ikan nila merah dan menjaga kelangsungan ikan tersebut. Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua tahap, tahap pertama merupakan studi pendahuluan (preliminary studi ), tahap kedua merupakan pelaksanaan uji intervensi. Melalui kegiatan studi pendahuluan diharapkan dapat diperoleh informasi mengenai ukuran/umur ikan nila merah dan jumlah ikan nila merah yang efektif ditebar di tiap jenis breeding places pada hitungan luas per meter persegi, sehingga
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