Mosquito Vector Competence for Japanese Encephalitis Virus
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Distribution and Abundance of Aedes (Finlaya) Japonicus Japonicus (Theobald) in Five Districts on the Island of Hawaii
Aproceedingsedes j. jAponicus of the in h HAawaiiwAiiAn entomologicAl society (2010) 42:9–14 9 Distribution and Abundance of Aedes (Finlaya) japonicus japonicus (Theobald) in Five Districts on the Island of Hawaii Linda Burnham Larish1,3, Pingjun Yang2, and Bernard A. Asuncion1 Hawaii State Department of Health, Vector Control Branch, 11582 Kamehameha Avenue, Hilo, HI 96720; 2Vector Control Branch, 99-945 Halawa Valley Street, Aiea, HI 96701. 3Present address: PO Box 1337, Keaau, HI 96749; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Subsequent to the detection of Aedes (Finlaya) japonicus japonicus (Theo- bald) on the island of Hawaii, a survey was conducted over the span of twelve months from June 2005 until June 2006, to determine its distribution and abundance on the island. Ae. j. japonicus was the third most abundant species encountered employing gravid traps and the fourth most abundant using New Jersey light traps in the districts surveyed. In addition, gravid mosquito traps which used a bait of infused leaf detritus were more effective at catching Ae. j. japonicus than New Jersey light traps. Key words: Aedes japonicus japonicus, Hawaii, gravid traps, New Jersey light traps Introduction Since the arrival of Europeans to the Hawaiian Islands in the late 1700s, there has been a rapid increase in the flow of alien arthropod species into the islands. Hawaii was without mosquitoes until 1826 when Culex quinquefasciatus was accidentally introduced (Hardy 1960). Aedes aegypti was first noticed in 1892 and closely followed by Aedes albopictus in 1986 (Hardy 1960). There were no further mosquito introductions until 1962, when Aedes vexans nocturnus was found on the island of Oahu (Joyce and Nakagawa 1963). -
Data-Driven Identification of Potential Zika Virus Vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad a Dallas1,3, Barbara a Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8
RESEARCH ARTICLE Data-driven identification of potential Zika virus vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad A Dallas1,3, Barbara A Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8 1Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 2Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 3Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California-Davis, Davis, United States; 4Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, United States; 5Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 6Center for Tropical Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 7Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 8River Basin Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States Abstract Zika is an emerging virus whose rapid spread is of great public health concern. Knowledge about transmission remains incomplete, especially concerning potential transmission in geographic areas in which it has not yet been introduced. To identify unknown vectors of Zika, we developed a data-driven model linking vector species and the Zika virus via vector-virus trait combinations that confer a propensity toward associations in an ecological network connecting flaviviruses and their mosquito vectors. Our model predicts that thirty-five species may be able to transmit the virus, seven of which are found in the continental United States, including Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens. We suggest that empirical studies prioritize these species to confirm predictions of vector competence, enabling the correct identification of populations at risk for transmission within the United States. *For correspondence: mvevans@ DOI: 10.7554/eLife.22053.001 uga.edu Competing interests: The authors declare that no competing interests exist. -
Identification Key for Mosquito Species
‘Reverse’ identification key for mosquito species More and more people are getting involved in the surveillance of invasive mosquito species Species name used Synonyms Common name in the EU/EEA, not just professionals with formal training in entomology. There are many in the key taxonomic keys available for identifying mosquitoes of medical and veterinary importance, but they are almost all designed for professionally trained entomologists. Aedes aegypti Stegomyia aegypti Yellow fever mosquito The current identification key aims to provide non-specialists with a simple mosquito recog- Aedes albopictus Stegomyia albopicta Tiger mosquito nition tool for distinguishing between invasive mosquito species and native ones. On the Hulecoeteomyia japonica Asian bush or rock pool Aedes japonicus japonicus ‘female’ illustration page (p. 4) you can select the species that best resembles the specimen. On japonica mosquito the species-specific pages you will find additional information on those species that can easily be confused with that selected, so you can check these additional pages as well. Aedes koreicus Hulecoeteomyia koreica American Eastern tree hole Aedes triseriatus Ochlerotatus triseriatus This key provides the non-specialist with reference material to help recognise an invasive mosquito mosquito species and gives details on the morphology (in the species-specific pages) to help with verification and the compiling of a final list of candidates. The key displays six invasive Aedes atropalpus Georgecraigius atropalpus American rock pool mosquito mosquito species that are present in the EU/EEA or have been intercepted in the past. It also contains nine native species. The native species have been selected based on their morpho- Aedes cretinus Stegomyia cretina logical similarity with the invasive species, the likelihood of encountering them, whether they Aedes geniculatus Dahliana geniculata bite humans and how common they are. -
The Fukushima Nuclear Accident and Crisis Management
e Fukushima Nuclearand Crisis Accident Management e Fukushima The Fukushima Nuclear Accident and Crisis Management — Lessons for Japan-U.S. Alliance Cooperation — — Lessons for Japan-U.S. Alliance Cooperation — — Lessons for Japan-U.S. September, 2012 e Sasakawa Peace Foundation Foreword This report is the culmination of a research project titled ”Assessment: Japan-US Response to the Fukushima Crisis,” which the Sasakawa Peace Foundation launched in July 2011. The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant that resulted from the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011, involved the dispersion and spread of radioactive materials, and thus from both the political and economic perspectives, the accident became not only an issue for Japan itself but also an issue requiring international crisis management. Because nuclear plants can become the target of nuclear terrorism, problems related to such facilities are directly connected to security issues. However, the policymaking of the Japanese government and Japan-US coordination in response to the Fukushima crisis was not implemented smoothly. This research project was premised upon the belief that it is extremely important for the future of the Japan-US relationship to draw lessons from the recent crisis and use that to deepen bilateral cooperation. The objective of this project was thus to review and analyze the lessons that can be drawn from US and Japanese responses to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, and on the basis of these assessments, to contribute to enhancing the Japan-US alliance’s nuclear crisis management capabilities, including its ability to respond to nuclear terrorism. -
Financial Regionalism
NOVEMBER 2010 FINANCIAL REGIONALISM: A REVIEW OF THE ISSUES DOMENICO LOMBARDI Domenico Lombardi is the president of the Oxford In- stitute for Economic Policy and a nonresident senior fel- low at the Brookings Institution. Acknowledgments: The author acknowledges helpful comments from Masahiro Kawai, Mario Lamberte and other participants to the High- Level International Workshop on Financial Regionalism: Lessons and Next Steps, cohosted in Washington by the Asian De- velopment Bank Institute (ADBI) and the Brookings Institution, on October 13 and 14, 2010. He gratefully acknowledges the ADBI’s support for this project and the excellent research assistance provided by Ana Maria Salamanca. The views expressed in this paper are personal and do not involve the ADBI or the Brookings Institution. THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION | ISSUES PAPER DOMENICO LOMBARDI FINANCIAL REGIONALISM: A REVIEW OF THE ISSUES INTRODUCTION of the IMF that could both compete with the Fund and offer an alternative to its regulatory role. Perhaps In an unprecedented effort to counteract the in acknowledgment of this, and as a sign of a shifting spread of the financial crisis in Europe, its finance attitude, an IMF communiqué released on October 9, ministers have announced the establishment of 2010, pointed out that it is important for the Fund “to the European Stabilization Mechanism, which cooperate . with regional financial arrangements.”1 can mobilize up to $1 trillion. Earlier, in 2009 in Asia, the finance ministers of the Association of Against this backdrop, the present paper aims to provide Southeast Asian Nations Plus Three announced the basic elements to inform current discussions. However, multilateralization of the Chiang Mai Initiative and, though the paper focuses on the latest developments in in April 2010, the establishment of a surveillance Europe and Asia, and their implications for an “optimal” unit, in effect laying the foundation for an Asian regional architecture, an exhaustive treatment of Monetary Fund. -
A Review of the Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) of Bangladesh Seth R
Irish et al. Parasites & Vectors (2016) 9:559 DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1848-z RESEARCH Open Access A review of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) of Bangladesh Seth R. Irish1*, Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin2, Mohammad Shafiul Alam2 and Ralph E. Harbach3 Abstract Background: Diseases caused by mosquito-borne pathogens remain an important source of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. To better control the vectors that transmit the agents of disease, and hence the diseases they cause, and to appreciate the diversity of the family Culicidae, it is important to have an up-to-date list of the species present in the country. Original records were collected from a literature review to compile a list of the species recorded in Bangladesh. Results: Records for 123 species were collected, although some species had only a single record. This is an increase of ten species over the most recent complete list, compiled nearly 30 years ago. Collection records of three additional species are included here: Anopheles pseudowillmori, Armigeres malayi and Mimomyia luzonensis. Conclusions: While this work constitutes the most complete list of mosquito species collected in Bangladesh, further work is needed to refine this list and understand the distributions of those species within the country. Improved morphological and molecular methods of identification will allow the refinement of this list in years to come. Keywords: Species list, Mosquitoes, Bangladesh, Culicidae Background separation of Pakistan and India in 1947, Aslamkhan [11] Several diseases in Bangladesh are caused by mosquito- published checklists for mosquito species, indicating which borne pathogens. Malaria remains an important cause of were found in East Pakistan (Bangladesh). -
Laboratory Colonization of Aedes Lineatopennis
LABORATORY COLONIZATION OF AEDES LINEATOPENNIS Atchariya Jitpakdi1, Anuluck Junkum1, Benjawan Pitasawat1, Narumon Komalamisra2, Eumporn Rattanachanpichai1, Udom Chaithong1, Pongsri Tippawangkosol1, Kom Sukontason1, Natee Puangmalee1 and Wej Choochote1 1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai; 2Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Abstract. Aedes lineatopennis, a species member of the subgenus Neomelaniconion, could be colonized for more than 10 successive generations from 30 egg batches [totally 2,075 (34-98) eggs] of wild-caught females. The oviposited eggs needed to be incubated in a moisture chamber for at least 7 days to complete embryonation and, following immersion in 0.25-2% hay-fermented water, 61-66% of them hatched after hatching stimulation. Larvae were easily reared in 0.25-1% hay-fermented water, with suspended powder of equal weight of wheat germ, dry yeast, and oatmeal provided as food. Larval development was complete after 4-6 days. The pupal stage lasted 3-4 days when nearly all pupae reached the adult stage (87-91%). The adults had to mate artificially, and 5-day-old males proved to be the best age for induced copulation. Three to five-day-old females, which were kept in a paper cup, were fed easily on blood from an anesthetized golden hamster that was placed on the top- screen. The average number of eggs per gravid female was 63.56 ± 22.93 (22-110). Unfed females and males, which were kept in a paper cup and fed on 5% multivitamin syrup solution, lived up to 43.17 ± 12.63 (9-69) and 15.90 ± 7.24 (2-39) days, respectively, in insectarium conditions of 27 ± 2˚C and 70-80% relative humidity. -
ACADEMIC ENCOUNTER the American University in Japan and Korea R
ACADEMIC ENCOUNTER The American University in Japan and Korea r ACADEMIC ENCOUNTER The American University in Japan and Korea By Martin Bronfenbrennet THE FREE PRESS OF GLENCOE, INC. A division of the Crowell-Collier Publishing Co. New York t BUREAU OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL RESEARCH Michigan State University f East Lansing, Michigan I Copyright@ 1961 BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY East Lansing, Michigan Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 61-63703 i t , PREFACE • This study of some 18 American university affiliations with Japanese and Korean institutions is a small part of a larger study of the American university overseas. The larger study l is undertaken by the Institute for Research on Overseas Pro grams at Michigan State University. What is said here about programs in Japan and Korea can be compared with what other staff members of the Institute have saidabout programs in other countries, particularly other Asian countries such as India and !t Indonesia. , Many believe with ex-President Eisenhower that the American university should expand its foreign affiliations as a contribution t to economic and cultural reconstruction and development over seas, and to better international understanding between America and other countries. In this view, university affiliations are an j important type of "people to people" contacts across national boundaries. Others believe that the American university should f concentrate its limited manpower and resources on the domestic job it does best, and reduce the scale of its commitments abroad. Part of the decision (or compromise) between these viewpoints should be based on a knowledge of what the existing international programs are in fact attempting or accomplishing. -
Screening of Insecticides Susceptibility Status on Anopheles Vagus & Anopheles Philipinensis from Mizoram, India
id10806250 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com ISSN : 0974 - 7532 Volume 9 Issue 5 Research & Reviews in BBiiooSScciieenncceess Regular Paper RRBS, 9(5), 2014 [185-192] Screening of insecticides susceptibility status on Anopheles vagus & Anopheles philipinensis from Mizoram, India K.Vanlalhruaia1*, G.Gurusubramanian1, N.Senthil Kumar2 1Departments of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl- 796 004, Mizoram (INDIA) 2Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl- 796 004, Mizoram (INDIA) E-mail- [email protected] ABSTRACT KEYWORDS An. vagus and An. philipinensis are the two dominant and potential vec- Anopheles; tors of malaria in Mizoram. These mosquito populations are continuously Control; being exposed directly or indirectly to different insecticides including the Malaria; most effective pyrethroids and Dichloro-diphenyl-trochloroethane. There- Disease; fore, there is a threat of insecticide resistance development. We subjected Mosquitoes; these vectors to insecticides bioassay by currently using pyrethroids viz. Resistance. deltamethrin and organochlorine viz. DDT. An attempt was also made to á- esterase, correlate the activities of certain detoxifying enzymes such as â-esterase and glutathione-S transferase (GST) with the tolerance levels of the two vectors. The results of insecticide susceptibility tests and their biochemical assay are significantly correlated (P<0.05) as there is eleva- tion of enzyme production in increasing insecticides concentrations. Char- acterization of GSTepsilon-4 gene resulted that An. vagus and An. philipinensis able to express resistant gene. 2014 Trade Science Inc. - INDIA INTRODUCTION and/or genetic species of Anopheles in the world[7]. In India, 58 species has been described, six of which have Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and mosquito- been implicated to be main malaria vectors. -
Fontenille Powell 2020 Becomin
From Anonymous to Public Enemy: How Does a Mosquito Become a Feared Arbovirus Vector? Didier Fontenille, Jeffrey Powell To cite this version: Didier Fontenille, Jeffrey Powell. From Anonymous to Public Enemy: How Does a Mosquito Become a Feared Arbovirus Vector?. Pathogens, MDPI, 2020, 9, 10.3390/pathogens9040265. hal-03054003 HAL Id: hal-03054003 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03054003 Submitted on 11 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. pathogens Opinion From Anonymous to Public Enemy: How Does a Mosquito Become a Feared Arbovirus Vector? Didier Fontenille 1,* and Jeffrey R. Powell 2 1 MIVEGEC unit, Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), CNRS, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511-8934, USA; jeff[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 6 March 2020; Accepted: 2 April 2020; Published: 5 April 2020 Abstract: The past few decades have seen the emergence of several worldwide arbovirus epidemics (chikungunya, Zika), the expansion or recrudescence of historical arboviruses (dengue, yellow fever), and the modification of the distribution area of major vector mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti and Ae. -
Culex Annulirostris
Mosquito Fact Sheet 2: Culex annulirostris Prepared by Stephen Fricker, Mosquito and Public Health Research Group, University of South Australia 2 1 1 3 3 2 Larva distinctive features; Adult Female distinctive features; 1. Typically with two dark patches on abdomen. 1. Proboscis with pale band in middle. 2. Long siphon (7-8 X long as wide) with 6 hair tufts. 2. Abdomen with distinctive pattern 3. Antennae pale with end third dark 3. Leg segments with pale bands. Ecology This medium sized brown species is found throughout Australia, particularly in warmer weather following rain flooding. Studies have demonstrated adult dispersal of 7 km although the in reality it is possibly fur- ther. The larvae of this species are typically found in fresh and brackish water environments including swamps , lagoons, transient pools. It is an opportunistic feeder bitting a variety hosts including humans, other mammals and birds during the day and at dusk. Identification Adults are a medium sized brownish mosquito with a distinct pale band at the midpoint of the proboscis, a rounded abdomen, and pale bands at the base of each leg segment. The larvae have a long siphon, antennae pale on the basal ⅔ and typical with two dark dorsal patches on abdomen. Disease Risk This species is considered to be one of the most significant vectors of arbovirus such as Ross River Virus and Barmah Forest virus in Australia. Further information : Mosquitoes and Public Health Research Group UNISA: http://www.unisa.edu.au/sansominstitute/mosquito/ Department of Medical Entomology, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital ; http://medent.usyd.edu.au/ . -
The Efficiency of Various Collection Techniques For
502 J. A*. Mosg. Coxrnol Assoc. Vor. l, No.4 THE EFFICIENCYOF VARIOUS COLLECTION TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING CULEX ANNULIROSZRIS IN SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA RICHARD C. RUSSELL School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia ABSTRACT. Dry-ice (COr) baited EVS (Encephalitis Virus Surveillance) light traps collected significantly more Culex annulirostris than unbaited EVS or CDC light traps, chicken-, guinea pig- and rabbit-baited EVS traps, or cubic foot resting boxes. Results from the animal-baited traps indicated a preference for bird versus mammal bait. Females sampled by the resting boxes had significantly lower parity rates than females sampled by dry-ice baited EVS traps. Parity rates were generally similar among females sampled by dry-ice baited EVS traps, unbaited CDC light traps and animal baited EVS light traps. INTRODUCTION trap) similar to the model of Goodwin (1942)1. Traps were set in pairs 20 m apart across the The mosquito Culex annulirostris Skuse is an prevailing breeze, and each test was replicated important vector of arboviruses from both bird three times. The traps were situated approx- and mammal reservoirs in Australia (Doherty imately 250 m from the major larval habitats at 1974). Mosquito populations can be monitored Appin, and approximately 2 km from the larval to predict seasons when above average abun- habitats at Echuca. dance can occur, and investigate the bionomics Female Cx. annulirosfris were counted and of the vector species that relate to its involve- parity status was determined according to the ment in virus cycles. The use of different tech- dissection technique of Detinova (1962).