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THE UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OURNAL THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY ASPECTS OF PUBLIC HEALTH January-June 2018 FirstJ Record of Aedes (Stegomyia) malayensis Colless (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Based on Morphological Diagnosis and Molecular Analysis 1 Maysa T. Motoki, PhD; Elliott F. Miot, MS; Leopoldo M. Rueda, PhD; et al Mosquito Surveillance Conducted by US Military Personnel in the Aftermath of the Nuclear Explosion at Nagasaki, Japan, 1945 8 David B. Pecor, BS; Desmond H. Foley, PhD; Alexander Potter Georgia’s Collaborative Approach to Expanding Mosquito Surveillance in Response to Zika Virus: Year Two 14 Thuy-Vi Nguyen, PhD, MPH; Rosmarie Kelly, PhD, MPH; et al An Excel Spreadsheet Tool for Exploring the Seasonality of Aedes Vector Hazard for User-Specified Administrative Regions of Brazil 22 Desmond H. Foley, PhD; David B. Pecor, BS Surveillance for Scrub Typhus, Rickettsial Diseases, and Leptospirosis in US and Multinational Military Training Exercise Cobra Gold Sites in Thailand 29 Piyada Linsuwanon, PhD; Panadda Krairojananan, PhD; COL Wuttikon Rodkvamtook, PhD, RTA; et al Risk Assessment Mapping for Zoonoses, Bioagent Pathogens, and Vectors at Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 40 Thomas M. Kollars, Jr, PhD; Jason W. Kollars Optimizing Mission-Specific Medical Threat Readiness and Preventive Medicine for Service Members 49 COL Caroline A. Toffoli, VC, USAR Public Health Response to Imported Mumps Cases–Fort Campbell, Kentucky, 2018 55 LTC John W. Downs, MC, USA Developing Medical Surveillance Examination Guidance for New Occupational Hazards: The IMX-101 Experience 60 W. Scott Monks, MPAS, PA-C Missed Opportunities in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Uptake Among US Air Force Recruits, 2009-2015 67 COL Paul O. Kwon, MC, USA; Jenny Lay, MPH; David Hrncir, MD, MPH; Lynn Levin, PhD, MPH Barriers to Physical Activity Among Military Hospital Employees 76 Darren Hearn, DPT, MPH; Anna Schuh-Renner, PhD; Michelle Canham-Chervak, PhD, MPH; et al Hydration Strategies for the Female Tactical Athlete 83 Capt Taylor K. Zak, USAF, MC; MAJ Christina M. Hylden, MC, USA; COL Anthony E. Johnson, MC, USA Spurgeon Neel Annual Writing Award Top Essays America’s Guerilla Hospitals in the Vietnam War: the CIDG Experience 91 Justin Barr, MD Ambiguous Duty: Red Cross Nurses and the First World War 99 CPT Denis L. Alfin, USA The Figures of Experience: A Brief History of Risk and Planning Within the Army Medical Community 106 MAJ Michael H. Mobbs, USA A Professional Publication THE UNITED STATES ARMY of the AMEDD Community MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OURNAL Online issues of the AMEDD Journal are available at http://www.cs.amedd.army.mil/amedd_journal.aspx January – June 2018 US Army Health Readiness Center of Excellence PB 8-18-1/2/3/4/5/6 LTG NadjaJ Y. West The Surgeon General Commander, US Army Medical Command MG Patrick D. Sargent Commander US Army Medical Department Center and School US Army Health Readiness Center of Excellence By Order of the Secretary of the Army: Edward A. Lindeke Official: Director Borden Institute GERALD B. O’KEEFE Mark A. Milley Richard Burton Administrative Assistant to the General, United States Army Secretary of the Army Chief of Staff Editor US Army Medical Department Journal DISTRIBUTION: Special 1806411 The Army Medical Department Journal [ISSN 1524-0436] is published high quality, print medium to encourage dialogue concerning healthcare quarterly for The Surgeon General by the Borden Institute, USAMEDDC&S, DOTAA initiatives. 3630 Stanley RD Attn: AMEDD JRNL, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234-6100. Appearance or use of a commercial product name in an article published Articles published in The Army Medical Department Journal are listed and in the AMEDD Journal does not imply endorsement by the US Government. indexed in MEDLINE, the National Library of Medicine’s premier bibliographic Views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect database of life sciences and biomedical information. As such, the Journal’s official policies or positions of the Department of the Army, Department of articles are readily accessible to researchers and scholars throughout the the Navy, Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense, nor any other global scientific and academic communities. agency of the US Government. The content does not change or supersede CORRESPONDENCE: Manuscripts, photographs, official unit requests to information in other US Army Publications. The AMEDD Journal reserves the receive copies, and unit address changes or deletions should be sent via right to edit all material submitted for publication (see inside back cover). email to [email protected], or by CONTENT: Content of this publication is not copyright protected. Reprinted regular mail to the above address. Telephone: (210) 221-6301, DSN 471-6301 DISCLAIMER: ma-terial must contain acknowledgement to the original author(s) and the The AMEDD Journal presents clinical and nonclinical AMEDD Journal. professional information to expand knowledge of domestic & international military medical issues and technological advances; promote collaborative OFFICIAL DISTRIBUTION: This publication is targeted to US Army Medical partnerships among Services, components, Corps, and specialties; convey Department units and organizations, other US military medical organizations, clinical and health service support information; and provide a peer-reviewed, and members of the worldwide professional medical community. First Record of Aedes (Stegomyia) malayensis Colless (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Based on Morphological Diagnosis and Molecular Analysis Maysa T. Motoki, PhD Khamsing Vongphayloth, MD Mustapha Debboun, PhD Elliott F. Miot, MS Nothasine Phommavanh, BS LCDR Jeffrey C. Hertz, USN Leopoldo M. Rueda, PhD Khaithong Lakeomany, BS Paul T. Brey, PhD ABSTRACT This is the first confirmed record of Aedes (Stegomyia) malayensis Colless from the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Its larvae were collected from rock pools and rock holes along the Nam Noy River in the Nakai Nam Theun National Protected Area, Khammuane Province. Larvae were reared in the laboratory and emerged adults were identified based on morphological characters and mitochondrial DNA analysis, using data from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. Detailed photographs of the morphological diagnostic charac- ters and information on the bionomics of Ae. malayensis are included. The Nakai Nam Theun National Protected Area (NNT The subgenus Stegomyia of genus Aedes has 128 valid NPA), known as the Watershed Management and Pro- species worldwide,11 with 24 species found in the Great- tection Authority area bordering Vietnam, is located er Mekong subregion of Asia (Cambodia, China, Laos, in Nakai District, Khammuane Province, Lao People’s Myammar, Thailand, and Vietnam), including 12 spe- Democratic Republic (PDR). It is an important South- cies from Lao PDR. Several species of subgenus Stego- east Asian biodiversity area, containing mammals, birds, myia are major vectors of various organisms that cause reptiles, amphibians,1 and insects, including mosquitoes. human infectious diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, It is also the home of a number of rare or newly discov- chikungunya, Zika viruses, and filariasis.12-14 ered species of animals.2-5 Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue through- Rueda et al6 reported a total of 101 species from Laos, out the tropical and subtropical regions of the world.15 including newly recorded Aedes (Stegomyia) species Aedes albopictus is also an important vector in dengue collected from Khammuane province, ie Aedes (Stego- epidemics.16-18 Aedes malayensis Colless is widely dis- myia) albopictus (Skuse) and Ae. (Stg.) pseudoscutel- tributed in many parts of Asia,19 particularly Cambodia, laris (Theobald), and those reported in the literature, India, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Viet- ie, Ae. (Stg.) aegypti (Linnaeus), Ae. gardnerii imitator nam.11 A recent study showed a high susceptibility of Ae. (Leicester), Ae. (Stg.) seatoi Huang, Ae. (Stg.) annanda- malayensis and its vectorial capacity for both dengue se- lei (Theobald), Ae. (Stg.) craggi (Barraud), Ae. (Stg.) ma- rotype 2 and chikungunya.20 This species is recorded for likuli Huang, Ae. (Stg.) perplexus (Leicester), Ae. (Stg.) the first time in the Lao PDR. In this study, we confirmed desmotes (Giles), Ae. (Stg.) pseudalbopictus (Borel).7-9 the identification of Ae. malayensis from Laos based on All voucher specimens of these newly recorded species, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial as reported by Rueda et al,6 were deposited in the Smith- gene and the morphological diagnostic characteristics of sonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, adults, and compared them with Ae. albopictus. Washington, DC, and in the Entomology Laboratory, In- MATERIALS AND METHODS stitut Pasteur Laos. Tangena et al10 added an additional 51 species to the list of Lao mosquito fauna. However, Specimen Collection all voucher specimens from that report were, unfortu- Larvae of mosquitoes were collected from aquatic nately, damaged or lost, and we were not able to conduct habitats along the Nam Noy River (17.768548°N, any further morphological examinations or DNA analy- 105.381989°E), Lao PDR (Figure 1) in March 2017, using sis of those specimens from this study. standard larval dippers (350 ml, 13 cm diam ( BioQuip, January – June 2018 1 FIRST
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  • Increased Female Mortality As a Barrier To

    Increased Female Mortality As a Barrier To

    JUNE 1987 Hygntolzmton Bennren tr.l :{gpps scvtELLARrs Corupr.px INCREASEDFEMALE MORTALITY AS A BARRIER TO HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN MEMBERS OF THE AEDES SCUTELLARIS COMPLEX OF MOSQUTTOES R. E. DUHRKOPF Department of Bialagy, Ba.ylor Uniuersity, Waro, TX 76798 ABSTRACT. Interspecific crosses between the mosquitoeg Aedes polyncsiensis and Aedes mdnyensis have shown a unidirectiona_l pattern of compatibility. Aedes plynesicnsis females inseminated by Ae. nwlayercb males fail to produce viable offspring while the reciprocal cross is viable. In both crosses, rates of insemination are comparable to control rates. The Ae. polynesbnsis females fail to lay eggs.One apparent reason for thig is that the Ae. plynesiensis females have a high rate of mortality aftcr inseminatioiAy Le. malayensis males. Such mortality is an effective barrier to hybridization in that-croes, and is a new cliss of isolating mechanism. INTRODUCTION unidirectional pattern of compatibility (Yen and Barr 1973, Wright and Barr 1980, Wright anc The Aedes scutellaris complex of mosquitoes Wang 1980,Trpis et al. 1981b). is comprised ofabout 30 speciesdistributed from During attempts at these crosses it was ob- Andaman the Islands in the west to the Mar- served that the Aedespolynesi.ensis females in- quesas and Tuamoto Archipelago in the east, seminated by Ae. m.ahyenslsmales apparently and reaching as far north as Okinawa. Several had a higher rate of mortality than colony fe- members have been implicated as important males. This was true in a variety of attempts vectors of filariasis in the South Paciftc. Aedes involving several different laboratory strains. polyncsiensis Marks has been shown to be highly Even in attempted crossesof very large numbers susceptible to both Brueia Whnnqi and,Bngia (>500 females) mortality was so great that few, malayi (Duhrkopf and Trpis 1980).It is distrib- if any, eggswere laid.