Culex Annulirostris

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Mosquito Fact Sheet 2: Culex annulirostris Prepared by Stephen Fricker, Mosquito and Public Health Research Group, University of South Australia 2 1 1 3 3 2 Larva distinctive features; Adult Female distinctive features; 1. Typically with two dark patches on abdomen. 1. Proboscis with pale band in middle. 2. Long siphon (7-8 X long as wide) with 6 hair tufts. 2. Abdomen with distinctive pattern 3. Antennae pale with end third dark 3. Leg segments with pale bands. Ecology This medium sized brown species is found throughout Australia, particularly in warmer weather following rain flooding. Studies have demonstrated adult dispersal of 7 km although the in reality it is possibly further. The larvae of this species are typically found in fresh and brackish water environments including swamps , lagoons, transient pools. It is an opportunistic feeder bitting a variety hosts including humans, other mammals and birds during the day and at dusk. Identification Adults are a medium sized brownish mosquito with a distinct pale band at the midpoint of the proboscis, a rounded abdomen, and pale bands at the base of each leg segment. The larvae have a long siphon, antennae pale on the basal ⅔ and typical with two dark dorsal patches on abdomen. Disease Risk This species is considered to be one of the most significant vectors of arbovirus such as Ross River Virus and Barmah Forest virus in Australia. Further information : Mosquitoes and Public Health Research Group UNISA: http://www.unisa.edu.au/sansominstitute/mosquito/ Department of Medical Entomology, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital ; http://medent.usyd.edu.au/ .

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The Efficiency of Various Collection Techniques For
502 J. A*. Mosg. Coxrnol Assoc. Vor. l, No.4 THE EFFICIENCYOF VARIOUS COLLECTION TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING CULEX ANNULIROSZRIS IN SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA RICHARD C. RUSSELL School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia ABSTRACT. Dry-ice (COr) baited EVS (Encephalitis Virus Surveillance) light traps collected significantly more Culex annulirostris than unbaited EVS or CDC light traps, chicken-, guinea pig- and rabbit-baited EVS traps, or cubic foot resting boxes. Results from the animal-baited traps indicated a preference for bird versus mammal bait. Females sampled by the resting boxes had significantly lower parity rates than females sampled by dry-ice baited EVS traps. Parity rates were generally similar among females sampled by dry-ice baited EVS traps, unbaited CDC light traps and animal baited EVS light traps. INTRODUCTION trap) similar to the model of Goodwin (1942)1. Traps were set in pairs 20 m apart across the The mosquito Culex annulirostris Skuse is an prevailing breeze, and each test was replicated important vector of arboviruses from both bird three times. The traps were situated approx- and mammal reservoirs in Australia (Doherty imately 250 m from the major larval habitats at 1974). Mosquito populations can be monitored Appin, and approximately 2 km from the larval to predict seasons when above average abun- habitats at Echuca. dance can occur, and investigate the bionomics Female Cx. annulirosfris were counted and of the vector species that relate to its involve- parity status was determined according to the ment in virus cycles. The use of different tech- dissection technique of Detinova (1962).
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1997 Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 13(2):153-155' Copyrighi @ lgg7 by the American Mosquito Control Association, Inc' ACUTE AND SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF (^'-METHOPRENE ON SOME AUSTRALIAN MOSQUITOES SCOTT A. RITCHIE,T'' MICHAEL ASNICAR3 rNo BRIAN H' KAY' 7 species ABSTRACT. Laboratory bioassays were used to determine the efficacy of (S)-methoprene against to 6'54 of Australian mosquitoes. The gOVo lethal concentration (LC*) ranged from 0.17 ppb for Aedes vigilax ppb for Culex sitiins. The survival of adults exposed as larvae to 2 sublethal dosages of (S)-methoprene was co-purea to a control group. Little effect was noted for Cx. sitiens and Culex annulirostris. However, survival of male and female Ae. vigilax was significantly reduced and appeared to be dose related. Bloodfeeding success of female Ae. vigilctx was also significantly reduced. INTRODUCTION iprasasna et al. 1996). Methoprene is also docu- mented to affect body size (wing length) and sex The insect growth regulator methoprene has been ratio (Robert and Olson 1989). We investigated the successfully used to control many species of mos- effects of sublethal amounts of (S)-methoprene on (for quitoes, with minimal nontarget toxicity a re- adult longevity in Ae. vigilax, Cx. annulirostis, and view see Ross et al. 1994a, 1994b). Methoprene Cx. sitiens, and on bloodfeeding success in Ae. vi- occurs in 2 forms, the (R) and (S) isomers, with gilax, the primary target for mosquito control pro- (.f)-methoprene having the greatest insecticidal ac- grams in coastal Australia. tivity. (,S)-methoprene is available in many formu- lations. Liquid formulations (ALTOSID@ Liquid MATERIALS AND METHODS Larvicide tA.L.L.l) provide control over a limited period, whereas sustained-release formulations Laboratory bioassays: Laboratory bioassays such as ALTOSID@ Pellets and XR Briquets can were used to determine the effectiveness of (S)- control mosquitoes for several months (Kramer et methoprene (A.L.L., 5Vo active ingredient) against al.
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Aspects of the Ecology of the Common Banded Mosquito, Culex Annulirostris, a Major Vector of Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus
ASPECTS OF lHE ECOLOGY OF lHE CCJrvM>N BANDED r-t:>SQUITOJ CULEX ANNULIROSTRIS~ A MAJOR VECTOR OF MURRAY VALLEY ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS by GARRICK McDONALD Dip.Ag.Sci. (Dookie), B.Sc. (La Trobe} A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Agricultural Science, in the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Melbourne. December, 1981. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS i ABSTRACT iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND STATEMENT OF SOURCES vi LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 1 1.1 CuZex annuZirostris Skuse 1 1.1.1 Importance 1 1.1.2 Distribution 3 1.1.3 Description 4 1.1.4 Life cycle and biological studies 8 1.1.5 Habitat preferences 10 1.1.6 Relative abundance 11 1.1.7 Host preferences 12 1.1.8 Vector status and disease epidemiology 12 1.2 Age specific life and fecundity tables and PoPUlation growth potential 15 1.2.1 The theory 15 1.2.2 Use in mosquito studies 18 CHAPTER 2: EXPERIMENTAL 20 General Introduction 20 2.1 The influence of temperature on development, survival and fecundity of CuZex annuZirostris in the laboratory 21 (a) Juvenile development and survival 22 (b) Adult survival and fecundity 23 (c) ·Age specific life and fecundity tables, and population" statistics 27 2.2 The behaviour of Culex annuZirostris larvae in the laboratory 42 2.3 Field studies of juvenile CuZex annuZirostris 47 2.3.1 .Ecology of Culex annulirostris within a fresh water pond - Mildura 48 (a) Colonization, larval survival and development 50 (b) Time-specific life tables 50 (c)
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Mosquito-Borne Viruses and Non-Human Vertebrates in Australia: a Review
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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 75(4), 2006, pp. 659–663 Copyright © 2006 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF CULEX ANNULIROSTRIS, CULEX GELIDUS, AND AEDES VIGILAX WITH A YELLOW FEVER/JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS VACCINE CHIMERA (CHIMERIVAX™-JE) MARK REID,* DONNA MACKENZIE, ANDREW BARON, NATALIE LEHMANN, KYM LOWRY, JOHN AASKOV, FARSHAD GUIRAKHOO, AND THOMAS P. MONATH Australian Army Malaria Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Acambis Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts Abstract. Australian mosquitoes from which Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has been recovered (Culex annu- lirostris, Culex gelidus, and Aedes vigilax) were assessed for their ability to be infected with the ChimeriVax™-JE vaccine, with yellow fever vaccine virus 17D (YF 17D) from which the backbone of ChimeriVax™-JE vaccine is derived and with JEV-Nakayama. None of the mosquitoes became infected after being fed orally with 6.1 log10 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL of ChimeriVax™-JE vaccine, which is greater than the peak viremia in vaccinees (mean peak vire- days). Some members of all three 11–0 ס PFU/mL of 0.9 days mean duration, range 30–0 ס PFU/mL, range 4.8 ס mia species of mosquito became infected when fed on JEV-Nakayama, but only Ae. vigilax was infected when fed on YF 17D. The results suggest that none of these three species of mosquito are likely to set up secondary cycles of transmission of ChimeriVax™-JE in Australia after feeding on a viremic vaccinee. INTRODUCTION tralia,7–9 and all three species of mosquito have been infected experimentally by membrane feeding with JEV isolates ob- Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a member of the fam- tained from the Torres Strait of Australia.10 ily Flaviviridae and is a leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia.
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