Definiring Van De Sportindustrie

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Definiring Van De Sportindustrie 2e Licentiaat Academiejaar 2005-2006 De productieketen van de sportindustrie: Een analyse van de sportgoederenbedrijven Eindverhandeling voorgedragen door Mario Van Dyck tot het behalen van het diploma van licentiaat in de handelswetenschappen o.l.v. Prof. Dr. Trudo Dejonghe Voor Sofie 2e Licentiaat Academiejaar 2005-2006 De productieketen van de sportindustrie: Een analyse van de sportgoederenbedrijven Eindverhandeling voorgedragen door Mario Van Dyck tot het behalen van het diploma van licentiaat in de handelswetenschappen o.l.v. Prof. Dr. Trudo Dejonghe De productieketen van de sportindustrie: Een analyse van de sportgoederenbedrijven Abstract Sinds haar ontstaan staat de sportindustrie gelijk aan big business. De pioniers onder de sportgoederenproducenten pasten reeds aan het einde van de 19e eeuw diverse marketingtechnieken toe om hun producten te verkopen, waaronder het onderschrijven van professionele atleten. De opkomst van de tv, de toegenomen participatie en de opkomst van de consumentencultuur tijdens de tweede helft van de 20e eeuw hebben dit proces alleen maar versterkt. De huidige producenten onder wie Nike en Adidas zijn over het algemeen ‘ondernemers zonder ondernemingen’. Vanuit het globale productieketenconcept kan dit verklaard worden. De kerncompetenties zoals: onderzoek en ontwikkeling, ontwerp, financiën, verkoop en marketing blijven behouden. De productie wordt uitbesteed aan onderaannemers in lagelonenlanden in de periferie en/of semi-periferie binnen het huidige wereldsysteem. Nike was één van de eerste bedrijven binnen de industrie die deze uitbestedingstechniek op grote schaal ging toepassen. De economische ontwikkelingen en de intensifiëring van de internationale handel hebben ertoe geleid dat andere spelers deze strategie eveneens zijn gaan toepassen. Verder heeft de huidige economische context tot een verzadigde westerse sportgoederenmarkt geleid. Om hun marktaandeel te versterken heerst hierdoor enerzijds een overnamegolf binnen de industrie. Anderzijds zoeken bedrijven toegang tot de groeimarkten in onder andere Rusland & China. Since the sports industry took its rise in the 19th century it has been big business. The pioneers among the sporting goods manufacturers already applied several marketing techniques at the end of the 19th century, among which the endorsement of professional athletes to sell their sporting goods. The rise of TV, the increased participation and the rise of the global consumer culture during the second half of the 20th century reinforced this commercialization process. The current producers among which Nike and Adidas are generally manufacturers without manufactures. This evolution can be explained from the global commodity chain concept. Core strengths such as: research & development, design, finance, sales, branding & marketing are being kept in-house. Overall production is mainly being contracted out to subcontractors in low-wage countries in the periphery and/or semiperiphery within the current world-system. Nike was one of the first sporting goods brands which applied this subcontracting technique on a large scale. Globalization has hastened the growth of this type of outsourcing. Furthermore the contemporary economic context has led to a saturated Western sporting goods market. On the one hand, the sporting goods industry is undergoing a merger frenzy to reinforce market players’ market shares and to lead to future growth. On the other hand, sporting goods companies are penetrating emerging markets in among other countries Russia & China. Mario Van Dyck Lessius Hogeschool 2005-2006 Voorwoord Het wereldkampioenschap voetbal ’94 in de Verenigde Staten. Pure nostalgie als ik hier aan terugdenk. De sublieme reddingen van Michel Preud’homme, die de Belgen keer op keer in de wedstrijd houden. De onverwachte nederlaag tegen de Saoudi Arabië. Vier dagen voordien hadden de Belgen met een ‘wereldgoal’ van Philippe Albert evenwel Oranje opzij gezet. Zonder Röthlisberger zou België een streepje achter zijn naam hebben. We waren groots. Dat was toen. Als ik nu terugdenk aan deze periode of beelden uit de oude doos zie, valt het me op hoe commercieel alles opgebouwd was. Alles was tot in de details georchestreerd. Sport was toen al big business. Sindsdien lijkt het enkel maar omvangrijker geworden. Sport brengt mensen in vervoering, zoals toen Club Brugge via een wereldgoal van Andres Mendoza AC Milan in het eigen San Siro links liet liggen. Sport brengt ook ontreddering. Sport overstijgt het culturele, de etniciteit, het brengt mensen samen. Sport is emoties. Hier pikt de sportindustrie gretig op in. Mensen hebben sport nodig en de industrie mensen. Ze lijken elkaar blindelings te vinden. Genoeg over mijn ‘sportfetisj’. Een woord van dank is op zijn plaats. Zonder de mensen die hieronder worden vernoemd, had dit werk niet tot stand kunnen komen. Daarom wil ik mijn oprechte dank uitdragen. Aan Prof. Dr. Trudo Dejonghe voor zijn bemoedigende woorden, kritische opmerkingen en zijn logistieke steun. Aan Jon Bogert van The Sporing Goods Intelligence voor het kosteloos verschaffen van de recente marktaandeelcijfers en Joost Meyhi van het Nationaal Instituut voor de Statistiek, die bijgedragen heeft tot het Belgische luik. Mijn woord van dank richt zich ook tot het onderwijzend en ondersteunend personeel van de Lessius Hogeschool. In het bijzonder de professoren en docenten die me de voorbije vier jaar de nodige kennis hebben bijgebracht. Tot slot wil ik nog een speciaal woord richten tot de mensen die me het meest dierbaar zijn. Eerst en vooral mijn moeder en vader omdat ze me deze kans gegeven hebben, die ik met beide handen heb aangenomen. Wat ze mij gegeven hebben is van onschatbare waarde. Verder mijn broers, Gunter & Jimmy, mijn zus Wendy en mijn grootvader voor hun troostende woorden sinds dag één van mijn studentenloopbaan. Uit deze woorden kon ik telkens de nodige krachten putten. Mijn grootmoeder voor haar luisterend oor. Tinne voor de logistieke steun toen murphy zich van zijn beste kant liet zien. Viktor, mijn petekindje, die vaak alle zorgen even deed verdwijnen. Kiani omdat ik dit laatste jaar de computer zo vaak in beslag heb genomen, zodat zij niet kon spelen. Vincent omdat hij me liet inzien dat studeren meer is dan boeken en colleges. Nonkel Jules, die me tijdens mijn kandidaatsjaren door de wiskunde heeft gesleurd. Mijn kameraden, ave atque vale. Aan al deze mensen:”Dankjewel”. Mijn oprechtste dank gaat echter naar Sofie. Voor al die jaren. We zijn er geraakt. Mario Herenthout, 5 mei 2006 Inhoudstafel Voorwoord Inhoudsopgave Lijst van figuren & tabellen Lijst met gebruikte afkortingen 0 Inleiding 1 1 De ontwikkeling van de sportindustrie 3 1.1 Jaren 1870: Commercialisering van de sport 4 1.2 Jaren 1880: Commercialisering van de sportgoederenindustrie 7 1.3 Jaren 1890: Intense competitie en een booming fietsenindustrie 9 1.4 Jaren 1900: Ontwikkeling en segmentatie 10 1.5 Jaren 1910: Opkomst van de sponsoringcontracten 11 1.6 Jaren 1920: De gouden sportjaren 12 1.7 Jaren 1930: De depressie dompelt de wereld in een crisis 13 1.8 Jaren 1940: De hele wereld in oorlog ondergedompeld 14 1.9 Jaren 1950: Nieuwe technieken en technologieën 15 1.10 Jaren 1960: De eigen markten worden klein, kleinere merken laten zich opmerken 16 1.11 Jaren 1970: De babyboomers worden volwassen 17 1.12 Jaren 1980: Participatie van de vrouw is de sleutel tot succes 18 1.13 Jaren 1990: Goden worden geschapen in een experience economy 19 1.14 Jaren 2000: Wat brengt ons het nieuwe millennium 21 1.15 Deelbesluit hoofdstuk 1 22 2 Definiëring van de sportindustrie? 23 2.1 Definiëring van een industrie 24 2.2 De grootte van de sportindustrie bepalen 33 2.3 Het Amerikaanse verhaal 36 2.3.1 Toekomstperspectief 43 2.3.2 De huidige trends binnen de sector 45 2.3.3 De belangrijkste segmenten 48 2.3.4 Internationale handel 51 2.4 De sportindustrie in Europa 52 2.4.1 Marktgrootte en trends 53 2.4.2 Productie 53 2.4.3 Internationale handel 54 2.4.4 Distributie 54 2.4.5 Marktprospectus 55 2.5 Het Belgische verhaal 55 2.5.1 De grootte van de Belgische markt 56 2.5.2 Marktsegmenten en trends 59 2.5.3 Productie 63 2.5.4 Internationale handel 66 2.5.5 Distributie 71 2.5.6 Toekomstperspectieven 72 2.6 Verdere globalisering van de industrie 76 2.6.1 China 77 2.6.2 Rusland 83 2.7 Cijfers spreken boekdelen 89 2.8 Deelbesluit hoofdstuk 2 90 3 De productieketen van de sportindustrie 92 3.1 Macrokosten, directe kosten en indirecte kosten 93 3.1.1 Invloed van de stijgende grondstofprijzen 95 3.2 De globale verspreiding van de productie 97 3.3 Internationalisering van de productie 98 3.4 Globale productieketens: structuur, strategie, ruimte en snelheid 101 3.5 Een commodity chain concept om globale industrieën te analyseren 101 3.6 Productieketens en economische ontwikkeling 106 3.6.1 Importsubstitutie industrialisatie (ISI) 106 3.6.2 Export Georienteerde Industrialisatie (EOI) 107 3.6.3 Kern-periferie: het verband tussen locatie en productie in kaart gebracht 110 3.7 Lead firms in het buyer-drivenmodel 113 3.8 Economische ontwikkeling: internationale arbeidsverdeling & Export Processing Zones (EPZ’s) 115 3.8.1 Export Processing Zones (EPZ’s) 116 3.9 Wijzigingen in de productieketen van de sportgoederenindustrie: productie-, distributieketens en marketingstrategieën 118 3.9.1 De vraaggeoriënteerde sportgoederenindustrie 118 3.9.2 Uitbesteding in de sportgoederenindustrie: een dynamisch proces 121 3.9.3 Opbouw van de keten 125 3.9.4 Dynamiek van het uitbestedingsproces 129 3.9.5 Ongelijke machtstoestanden in de toeleveringsketen 133 3.10 Deelbesluit hoofdstuk 3 136 4 Een analyse van de structuur van de sportindustrie 138 4.1 Bronnen van concurrentie 138 4.2 Concurrentiekrachten 140 4.2.1 Aantal spelers in de sportgoederenmarkt 141 4.2.2 Aard van de verhandelde goederen 144 4.2.3 Contesteerbaarheid en ‘samenwerkingsbereidheid’ 145 4.2.4 Strategische onzekerheid en transparantie 156 4.3 Onderlinge samenhang van de krachten 157 4.4 Value drivers in de sportgoederenindustrie 158 4.5 Deelbesluit hoofdstuk 4 159 5 Algemeen besluit 160 6 Literatuurlijst 161 7 Bijlagen 186 Lijst van figuren & tabellen Figuren: 1.
Recommended publications
  • Guía Profesional 2017 • 12€ Guía Profesional 2017 Profesional Guía
    GUÍA PROFESIONAL 2017 • 12€ GUÍA PROFESIONAL 2017 PROFESIONAL GUÍA MAMADEDE F RFOM R OM RE RECYCCYCLELED D MAMADEDE F RFOM R OM RE RECYCCYCLELED D BEBEMAACHACHDE PLASTICF PLASTIC R OM RECYC LED BEBEACHACH PLASTIC PLASTIC BEACH PLASTIC O NEIO NEILL.COLL.COM/BM/BLUELUE O NEIO NEILL.COLL.COM/BM/BLUELUE O NEILL.CO M/BLUE GUÍA PROFesiOnal www.diffusionsport.com EDITA Peldaño 5 | 6 Direcciones de interés 5 Cadenas comerciales DIRECTOR DEL ÁREA 6 Grupos de compra DE DEPORTE Jordi Vilagut 7 Empresas [email protected] 69 Marcas colABORADOR José Mª Collazos índice de publicidad PUBLICIDAD Atmósfera Sport ........................................................................... 39 Pablo Prieto [email protected] Chiruca .............................................................................................. 43 Dare 2b ............................................................................................. 47 IMAGEN Y DISEÑO DS Multicanalidad ......................................................................... 63 Eneko Rojas DS Newsletter ............................................................................... 51 DS Suscripción ............................................................................... MAQUETACIÓN 68 Miguel Fariñas DS Web .............................................................................................. 59 Débora Martín FBO ...................................................................................................... 31 Verónica Gil Cristina Corchuelo Happy Dance .................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • NIKE Inc. STRATEGIC AUDIT & CORPORATE
    NIKE Inc. STRATEGIC AUDIT & CORPORATE A Paper Presented as a Final Requirement in STRAMA-18 -Strategic Management Prepared by: IGAMA, ERICA Q. LAPURGA, BIANCA CAMILLE M. PIMENTEL, YVAN YOULAZ A. Presented to: PROF. MARIO BRILLANTE WESLEY C. CABOTAGE, MBA Subject Professor TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. I. Executive Summary ……………………………………………………………………...……1 II. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………...………1 III. Company Overview ………………………………………………………………………….2 A. Company Name and Logo, Head Office, Website …………………………...……………2 B. Company Vision, Mission and Values……………………………………………….…….2 C. Objectives …………………………………………………………………………………4 D. Organizational Structure …………………………………………………….…………….4 E. Corporate Governance ……………………………………………………………….……6 1. Board of Directors …………………………………………………………….………6 2. CEO ………………………………………………………………….………….……6 3. Ownership and Control ………………………………………………….……………6 F. Corporate Resources ………………………………………………………………...……9 1. Marketing ……………………………………………………………………….….…9 2. Finance ………………………………………………………………………………10 3. Research and Development ………………………………………………….………11 4. Operations and Logistics ……………………………………………………….……13 5. Human Resources ……………………………………………………...……………14 6. Information Technology ……………………………………………………….……14 IV. Industry Analysis and Competition ...……………………………...………………………15 A. Market Share Analysis ………………………………………………………...…………15 B. Competitors’ Analysis ………………………………………………………...…………16 V. Company Situation.………… ………………………………………………………….……19 A. Financial Performance ………………………………………………………………...…19 B. Comparative Analysis………………………
    [Show full text]
  • Indecision Apparent on City Income
    HO AG- AND SJONS .BOOK BIDDERS 3 PAPERS 5PRINGPORT, MICH. 49284 Bond issue vitally affects elementary schools Forty members of a 110-member citizens committee used for blacktopping the play areas, providing fencing at all bond issue. School officials pointed out that higher-than- development, leaving little or nothing for 'landscaping and which worked on the 1966 school bond issue drive got a detailed schools and for seeding and landscaping. exppcted costs in the development of sewers (storm and finishing the lawn and play areas. look last week at the progress of the building program—and sanitary), street blacktop and curb and gutter and sidewalk, on The bus storage shelter would cost about $17,500, school why additional money is needed to finish it up. THE BALANCE OFTHE$250,000wouldbeusedfor several Sickles Street and the school sharing in the cost of renovation officials said. It would consist of two facing three-sided and The problem, school administrators pointed out, is that purposes, including site development at the high school, capital­ of a city sewer on Railroad Street has .already taken about covered shelters in which the school's 36-bus fleet would be building costs have run about $250,000 above what had been ized interest and bonding costs, contingenciesandabus storage $52,000 of the original $60,000. parked when not in use. The shelter buildings would be built anticipated in the original bond issue of $5.4 million; . shelter (which wasn't involved in the original bond issue). where the buses are presently parked.. The school board has scheduled a special election for The high school site development portion of the new bond If more money is notavailable,the $52,000will of necessity THE FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT FOR the rural Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • Adidas, Puma, Nike
    The football marketing blog Subscribe to feed Home About Me My Football Lounge out there My blogroll IMAGE OF THE DAY adidas, Puma, Nike: a sport legacy September 15, 2010 in Sponsorship | Tags: Puma, adidas, Nike, Zidane, World Cup, Umbro, Major League Soccer, Usain Bolt, Herbert Hainer, LeBron James, Lance Armstrong, Tiger Woods, Michael Johnson, adidas-Salomon AG, Bill Bowerman, Hurley International, Converse, Ferrari, Phil Knight, Stella Mc Cartney, Reebok, Volvo Ocean race, September 21 day of peace Hi everyone, This sport chronological trilogy has triggered a massive traffic Anelka sent a message to and I thank every single one of you for stopping by. Today, the FFF the last chapter is called “adidas, Puma, Nike: a sport legacy”. These brands are fully established sports brands and have inspired other brands to tap into the sport industry. They left CATEGORIES a legacy or heritage not only to themselves but to other brands that have now models to get inspiration from. From 2010 FIFA World Cup (41) 1996 until today, adidas, Puma and Nike have grown significantly with fantastic 2018-2022 World Cup bid (9) athletes by their sides. Champions League (8) Clubs (12) Here we go: Do you know football? (3) General (9) adidas, Puma, Nike: a sport legacy Players (6) Sponsorship (29) 1996 - adidas outfits 33 nations & 600 participants during the Atlanta Olympic Games. Adidas supplies products for 21 of the 26 sports AND the official Karl Lusbec matchball and equips the referees and linesmen at UEFA European Championships. The German team wins fully outfitted with adidas. - adidas signs an exclusive sponsorship deal with the MLS - Nike signs Tiger Woods soon after he gives up his amateur golf status.
    [Show full text]
  • IGP Park Council Ieyes Demolition of Old Landmark
    Home 01 t,"e New, All the News of All the Pointes Every Thursday Morning rosse Pointe' ews Complete News Coverage of All the Pointes Vol. 3o-No. 24 thEnt~red ~sfsecond Class Matler at $5.00Per Year 28 P~ges-Two Sections-Section One, ___________ .:....-=e~..:.os:.:t~.f_I_Ce_.t __ D_ctr_O_It_,_M_lch_lg_all. GROSSE POINTE, MICHIGAN, Thursday, June 12, 1969 lllePerCOpy , j @ -- IIEADLINt:S Products of Teer:"1age Talent Put on Display 'Lead Field of the IGP Park Council Of Four for WEEK School Board As Compiled by the IEyes Demolition Grosse Pointe News Candidates Backed by Citizens for Education Thursday, June 5 Of Old Landmark Victorious as 5,690 A SERIES OF BLASTS sec. Cast Ballots onds apart, rjpped through a Authorizes Solicitation of Bids to Raze McMillan' gunpowder storage area Wed. Residence in Three Mile Drive Park Unless Alfred R. Glancy, Jr. and nesday at E. I. duPont de Ne- William J. Adams led a mours and Company explosives Practical Use is Found field of four candidates to works in Carneys Point, N,J. The Park council on Monday, June 9, authorized win. two four-year terms At least three persons were killed and dozens injured. Four City Manag~rRobert Slone to solicit bids for the pos- on.the Grosse Pointe Board other employes who worked in sible razing of the McMillanmansion, except .the garage of Education in the school the storage area were reported or carriage house, on the seven.acre property, now a district's trusteeship elec- missing and at least 56 persons part of the Three Mile Drive Park.
    [Show full text]
  • We Are on the Offense Always
    NIKE, INC. 2008 ANNUAL REPORT WE ARE ON THE OFFENSE, ALWAYS. .)+%'/,&,/'/ &).!, NIKE BASKETBALL NIKE WOMEN’S TRAINING NIKE SPORTSWEAR NIKE MEN’S TRAINING NIKE FOOTBALL NIKE RUNNING I’m very pleased with how we have enhanced the position, performance, To Our Shareholders, and potential of all the When I stepped into the CEO role 2½ years ago, the leadership team reaffirmed a simple concept that I knew was true from my nearly brands and categories in 30 years of experience here – NIKE is a growth company. That fact shaped the long-term financial goals we outlined more than seven the NIKE, Inc. family. years ago. It also inspired our goal of reaching $23 billion in revenue by the end of fiscal 2011. Fiscal 2008 illustrated the power of that financial model, the strength of our team, and the ability of NIKE to bring innovative products and excitement to the marketplace. Our unique role as the innovator and leader in our industry enables us to drive consistent, long-term profitable growth. In 2008 we added $2.3 billion of incremental revenue to reach $18.6 billion – up 14 percent year over year with growth in every region and every business unit. Gross margins improved more than a percentage point to a record high of 45%, and earnings per share grew 28 percent. We increased our return on invested capital by 250 basis points1, increased dividends by 23%, and bought back $1.2 billion in stock. 2008 was a very good year. As we enter fiscal 2009 we are well-positioned for the future.
    [Show full text]
  • NOTE 18 Operating Segments and Related Information
    PART II Note 18 Operating Segments and Related Information counterparty, to post collateral should the fair value of outstanding derivatives of derivative instruments with credit risk related contingent features that are per counterparty be greater than $50 million. Additionally, a certain level of in a net liability position at May 31, 2011 was $160 million. The Company, or decline in credit rating of either the Company or the counterparty could trigger any counterparty, were not required to post any collateral as a result of these collateral requirements. As of May 31, 2011, the Company was in compliance contingent features. As a result of the above considerations, the Company with all such credit risk related contingent features. The aggregate fair value considers the impact of the risk of counterparty default to be immaterial. NOTE 18 Operating Segments and Related Information Operating Segments Effective June 1, 2009, the primary fi nancial measure used by the Company to evaluate performance of individual operating segments is Earnings Before The Company’s operating segments are evidence of the structure of the Interest and Taxes (commonly referred to as “EBIT”) which represents net income Company’s internal organization. The major segments are defi ned by geographic before interest expense (income), net and income taxes in the consolidated regions for operations participating in NIKE Brand sales activity excluding statements of income. Reconciling items for EBIT represent corporate expense NIKE Golf. Each NIKE Brand geographic segment operates predominantly in one items that are not allocated to the operating segments for management industry: the design, development, marketing and selling of athletic footwear, reporting.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Official Journal Of
    Vol: 22 , No. 16 24 April 2008 AUSTRALIAN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TRADE MARKS Did you know a searchable version of this journal is now available online? It's FREE and EASY to SEARCH. Find it at http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/ols/epublish/content/olsEpublications.jsp or using the "Online Journals" link on the IP Australia home page. The Australian Official Journal of Designs is part of the Official Journal issued by the Commissioner of Patents for the purposes of the Patents Act 1990, the Trade Marks Act 1995 and Designs Act 2003. This Page Left Intentionally Blank (ISSN 0819-1808) AUSTRALIAN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TRADE MARKS 24 April 2008 Contents General Information & Notices IR means "International Registration" Amendments and Changes Application/IRs Amended and Changes ...................... 6360 Registrations/Protected IRs Amended and Changed ................ 6362 Registrations Linked ............................... 6352 Applications for Extension of Time ...................... 6359 Applications for Amendment .......................... 6360 Applications/IRs Accepted for Registration/Protection .......... 5748 Applications/IRs Filed Nos 1229677 to 1230325 ............................. 5743 Applications/IRs Lapsed, Withdrawn and Refused Lapsed ...................................... 6365 Withdrawn..................................... 6366 Refused ...................................... 6366 Assignments,TransmittalsandTransfers.................. 6366 Cancellations of Entries in Register ...................... 6374 Corrigenda.....................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Oxfam Report
    Labour rights and sportswear production in Asia Acknowledgements Any report of this size is a collaborative effort. The principal writers were Oxfam Australia Labour Rights Advocacy staff Tim Connor and Kelly Dent, but numerous Oxfam staff and representatives of other organisations made important contributions to the report’s development. Elena Williams, Mimmy Kowel, Sri Wulandari and other researchers conducted interviews with sportswear workers. Maureen Bathgate edited the report and arranged the design, and Martin Wurt arranged the pictures. Special thanks are particularly due to all the sportswear workers, trade union organisations, factory owners and representatives of sports brand owners who shared their experiences and perspectives through the research process. First published by Oxfam International. © Oxfam International 2006. All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holder requests that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for re-use in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the copyright holder, and a fee may be payable. Copies of this report and more information are available to download at; www.oxfam.org.au/campaigns/labour/06report. Oxfam International Suite 20, 266 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 7DL, UK E-mail: [email protected] Publication of this edition managed by Oxfam Australia. ISBN: 1-875 870-61-X Original language: English Authors: Tim Connor and Kelly Dent Editor: Maureen Bathgate Picture Editor: Martin Wurt Design: Paoli Smith Print: Work & Turner Make Trade Fair is a campaign by Oxfam International and its 12 affiliates, calling on governments, institutions, and multinational companies to change the rules so that trade can become part of the solution to poverty, not part of the problem.
    [Show full text]
  • For Immediate Release
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE MEDIA CONTACT: INVESTOR CONTACT: Alan Marks Pamela Catlett 503.671.4235 503.671.4589 NIKE, INC. REPORTS FISCAL 2007 EARNINGS PER SHARE OF $2.93 Revenue up 9 percent for the fiscal year and fourth quarter Fourth quarter earnings per share up 34 percent Worldwide futures orders up 12 percent BEAVERTON, Ore. (26 June, 2007) – NIKE, Inc. (NYSE:NKE) today reported financial results for the 2007 fiscal year, ended May 31, 2007. For the fiscal year, revenues grew 9 percent to $16.3 billion, compared to $15.0 billion last year. Net income increased 7 percent to $1.5 billion, compared to $1.4 billion last year, and diluted earnings per share increased 11 percent to $2.93 versus $2.64 last year. For the fourth quarter, revenues increased 9 percent to $4.4 billion, compared to $4.0 billion for the same period last year. Fourth quarter net income increased 32 percent to $437.9 million, compared to $332.8 million in the prior year, and diluted earnings per share increased 34 percent to $0.86, versus $0.64 last year. Changes in currency exchange rates increased revenue growth by 2 percentage points for the full year and fourth quarter. Commenting on results, Mark Parker, Nike, Inc. President and CEO said, “Nike is a growth company, and fiscal 2007 was no exception. We delivered another record year of revenue, earnings and cash flow. The Nike brand is extremely strong worldwide, and the Nike subsidiaries continue to increase their contribution to the performance of the company.” “Opportunities for growth at Nike have never been greater,” Parker added.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Transformation in the Sports Apparel Industry: the Case of Nike, Inc
    Digital Transformation in the Sports Apparel Industry: The Case of Nike, Inc. Master Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the Degree Master of Science in Management (Entrepreneurship, Innovation & Leadership) Submitted to Prof. DDr. Arno Scharl Lukas J.M. Stangl 1521009 Vienna, 10th August 2020 I AFFIDAVIT I hereby affirm that this Master’s Thesis represents my own written work and that I have used no sources and aids other than those indicated. All passages quoted from publica- tions or paraphrased from these sources are properly cited and attributed. The thesis was not submitted in the same or in a substantially similar version, not even partially, to another examination board and was not published elsewhere. 10.08.2020 Date Signature I II ABSTRACT The global revenue of the sports apparel industry is larger than it has ever been before. Digital transformation has been a driver for the industry, leading to digital innovations within the industry. This has led to the fall of market leaders while creating opportunities for new market entrants by capturing market share through leveraging new technolo- gies. The company Nike, Inc. has been the market leader in the sports apparel industry for several decades and is known to be a forerunner in innovation. The purpose of this research is to examine how digital transformation has affected Nike, Inc. and the sports apparel industry and how it will shape the future. A secondary aim is to investigate how Nike’s customers perceive these changes and to scrutinize their digital needs and expec- tations. This research furthermore aims to conclude about the digital needs and expec- tations of Nike’s customers and if they align with Nike’s strategy.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Article the Largest Athletic Apparel, Accessories and Footwear
    Journal of Physical Education and Sport ® (JPES), Vol 20 (Supplement issue 5), Art 415 pp 3053 – 3062, 2020 online ISSN: 2247 - 806X; p-ISSN: 2247 – 8051; ISSN - L = 2247 - 8051 © JPES Original Article The largest athletic apparel, accessories and footwear multinational companies: economic characteristics, internationalization MAŁGORZATA JAWOREK 1, WŁODZIMIERZ KARASZEWSKI 2 1,2 Department of Investment and Real Estate, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, POLAND Published online: October 30, 2020 (Accepted for publication: October 22, 2020) DOI:10.7752/jpes.2020.s5415 Abstract : The internationalization of sport and the resulting popularization of sport-related lifestyles, habits and preferences have an impact on business operations and economic performance of companies in the athletic apparel and accessories market, contributing to their further internationalization. The overall success of this industry can be traced back to the growing demand dictated by the decades-long trend of the cult of the body. The market leaders include companies whose origins date back to the 1930s, whose internationalization was of evolutionary nature, and the so-called latecomers,relative newcomers to the market who havegained the reputation of global players in a short time. The aim of this study is to present the world’s largest companies in the athletic apparel and accessories industry (global companies), and define the importance of their capital internationalization in building the international market position. To this end, a variety of sources were consulted, including the Statista, Macrotrends, EquityRT, periodical rankings published by organizations and consulting companies, such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Interbrand, as well as lists of the largest companies presented in the Fortune journal.
    [Show full text]