EARLY CAREER POSTERS surface cavities, which replace the dense and orderly absorbed liquid layer in non-bubble flow. Therefore, introducing surface Influences of Adsorbed Water on the Interfacial morphology can further improve the effect on drag reduction. Tribological Phenomena in the Early Stage of Sliding Z.A. Subhi, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tribological Properties of Additive Manufactured Surfaces are covered by adsorbed water layer due to ambient Ti6Al4V Against Tungsten Carbide Under Dry Condition humidity. In the tribology of micro contacts, frictional and X. Liang, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China adhesive properties are sensitive to the adsorbed water because With the development of additive (AM technology, surface phenomena become more dominant than volumetric titanium alloy manufactured by AM is widely used in aviation phenomena and therefore the influences of adsorbed water on manufacturing. Although AM can achieve near net shape, the adhesion become dominant. This study aimed to explore the necessary machining is inevitable. In this paper, the tribological mechanism of humidity changes to influence the adhesion by the behaviors and wear mechanism of additive manufactured Ti6Al4V observation of the tribological behaviour during the very early against tungsten carbide under dry friction condition are studied. stage of sliding. In this study, a unidirectional ball-on-ball The influence of normal load and temperature on friction configuration tribo-contact simulator (T-CS) along with coefficient were studied. The results show that the effect of load atmospheric humidity controller, were used to simulate the micro- and temperature on friction coefficient is not obvious. We sliding between two asperities. Results have suggested that the calculated the wear rate and found that the wear rate increased medium rate of relative humidity can be a critical condition for with the increase of load but decreased significantly with the the tribo-contact due to the effect of liquid assisted adhesion. increase of temperature. EDS analysis on the surface of the friction This critical condition is perhaps caused by the negative Laplace pair shows that tungsten oxide is generated on the friction surface pressure of the meniscus bridge formed between the adsorbed at high temperature. Because tungsten oxide has lubrication water layer. properties, it reduces the wear rate at high temperature.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Drag Reduction by Nanobubble Clusters as Affected by Surface Morphology STUDENT POSTERS

Y. Lu, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China Synergistic Effect of Combining TiO2 and Montmorillonite Clay Nanoparticles as Lubricant Additives for Milling The investigations of natural superhydrophobic surfaces of plants Processes and animals showed that the wettability property is governed by the nanostructure characteristics of the surface. As a result of the M.G. Flores, C.S. Rico, G.E. Gonzalez, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico improved surface hydrophobic by morphology, the trapping of gas is promoted on surface cavities to induce friction drag In this work, nanoparticles of TiO2 and montmorillonite clay reduction, but gas cushion cannot stably exist. Nanoscopic gas were mixed with varying proportions and added to a cutting bubbles that exhibit along lifetime and considerable stability may fluid for milling of an AISI 4340 steel. Due to its semi-spherical help improve the situation. In this study, molecular dynamics shape and small size nano TiO2 fill surface valleys reducing friction; simulations are performed to analyze the formation behavior of montmorillonite, being a multilayer flake-like nanomaterial may nanobubble and the effect of nanobubble flow on the reduce friction and wear through exfoliation of their weakly- nanochannel with various surface morphologies. Results show bonded layers. Laboratory experiments were performed in a that the existence of gaseous nanobubbles can be trapped by the four-ball tribotester to determine the best proportions of TiO2 and

www.stle.org | STLE 2021 Virtual Annual Meeting & Exhibition | 85 Student Posters (con’t) montmorillonite clay that provided a synergistic effect. Milling experiments were performed in a CNC equipment with varying feed rate, depth of cut and cutting speed. Plates of AISI 4340 steel were milled with cutting inserts of cemented carbides. A Box Behnken experimental design was performed in order to optimize the milling input parameters and nanoparticle combinations that provided the lowest surface roughness of steel plates, spindle load and wear of cutting inserts.

Wear and Corrosion Performance of Friction Stir Spot Processed 316L Stainless Steel Deposited by High Deposition Rate Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing Process P.R. Kalvala, M. Daroonparvar, M. Misra, A.M. Ralls, A.K. Kasar, P. Menezes, University of Nevada–Reno, Reno, NV

High Deposition Rate Cold Spray (HDR-CS) is a novel solid-state The Interfacial Gradient and its Role in Ultralow Wear metal deposition process that uses the additive based principles Sliding from additive manufacturing (AM). By rapidly accelerating metal I. Alam, D.L. Burris, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, J. Ye, J. Wei, J. Zeng, W. Sun, X. Liu, particles to a substrate, components can be prepared where the K. Liu, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, China particles’ intrinsic metallurgical properties are retained thus In this paper, we elucidate the effects of interfacial gradients serving as an advantage over other AM-based technologies. within the native ultralow wear PTFE composite-on-transfer film Expanding CS to an industrial perspective, CS deposits act as an system using interrupted wear tests and intermittent surface easy and effective method to repair various parts. This is especially analysis. As anticipated, the transition from high wear to ultralow true in marine-based industries where the combination of cyclic wear was accompanied by small adherent debris, tribochemical loading and corrosion can greatly diminish the surface material formation of carboxylates, increased surface energy, and increased over time. However, the synergism between the wear and corrosion adhesion. Interestingly, we observed significant differences on of CS 316L is not well studied. In this work, friction-stir processing either side of the interface during low wear sliding; compared to (FSP) has been used to enhance the CS coatings’ wear-corrosion the running films on the composite surface, the transfer films on resistance. The microstructural evolution and mechanical the counterface exhibited consistently greater tribochemical properties were then analyzed. The mechanisms for the improved degradation, surface energy, and adhesion to a model alumina wear-corrosion resistance are discussed. probe. This interfacial gradient, we propose, is a necessary feature of the ultralow wear system and functions by setting the direction The Effect of Axisymmetric Texture Floor Profile on the and driving force for transfer wear. In this case, the interfacial Lubricant Film Thickness of Textured Hard-on-Soft gradient stabilizes the transfer film and minimizes the driving force Prosthetic Hip Implant Bearings for running film wear. Q. Allen, B. Raeymaekers, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT

Polyethylene wear debris causes osteolysis and premature failure Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Core-Shell of prosthetic hip implants. We design a pattern of texture features Nanostructures on the femoral head to increase the lubricant film pressure and S.E. Hughes, R. Fleming, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AK thickness and reduce the polyethylene wear in hard-on-soft Core-shell nanostructures (CSNs) are novel structures that have prosthetic hip implants. Specifically, we use a soft the potential to exhibit unique mechanical properties. elastohydrodynamic lubrication model to study the effect of Experimentally, surfaces patterned with Al/a-Si CSNs have been different axisymmetric texture floor profiles on the lubricant film shown to have a low coefficient of friction and high durability. thickness. We find the optimum texture parameters that maximize Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can provide helpful insight the lubricant film thickness for each texture floor profile as a into the material behavior of CSNs and help garner a better function of bearing operating conditions. We find that flat texture understanding of the physical mechanisms which enable these floor profiles create thicker lubricant films than curved and sloped unique material properties. In this study, MD simulations are texture floor profiles. We compare the texture feature volumes performed to investigate the role of core material and core-shell of the optimum texture design parameters and find a linear interface on the dynamics of dislocations nucleated within the relationship between the texture feature volume and the core of CSNs during contact loading. Better understanding of the corresponding optimum lubricant film thickness that holds true properties of CSNs will further enable their use in tribological independent of the axisymmetric texture floor profile. applications, such as solid lubrication.

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2021 STLE Virtual Annual Meeting & Exhibition COMMITTEES AND COUNCILS

2020-2021 STLE BOARD COMMITTEES AND OF DIRECTORS INDUSTRY COUNCILS

Paul Hetherington (President) Brian M. Holtkamp Annual Meeting Program Committee HollyFrontier Lubricants & Specialties Nye Lubricants Min Zou (Chair) Mississauga, Ontario, Canada Libertyville, IL University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AK Ken Hope (Vice President) Brian Hovik Robert Jackson (Vice Chair) Chevron Phillips Chemical Co. Engineering Auburn University The Woodlands, TX Leavenworth, WA Auburn, AL Ryan D. Evans (Secretary) Robert Jackson Gareth Fish (Secretary) The Timken Co. Auburn University The Lubrizol Corporation North Canton, OH Auburn, AL Wickliffe, OH Ashlie Martini Hong Liang (Treasurer) Peter Lee University of California, Merced Texas A&M University Southwest Research Institute Merced, CA College Station, TX San Antonio, TX Azzedine Dadouche Michael P. Duncan (Immediate Past Mandi McElwain National Research Council Canada President & Presidential Council Chair) Univar Solutions Ottawa, ON, Canada Daubert Chemical Co. Philadelphia, PA Jun Qu Chicago, IL Oak Ridge National Laboratory Kuldeep Mistry Oak Ridge, TN Edward P. Salek, CAE (Executive The Timken Co. Director) North Canton, OH Alison C. Dunn STLE Headquarters University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Park Ridge, IL Farrukh Qureshi Urbana, IL The Lubrizol Corp. William Anderson Wickliffe, OH Annual Meeting Education Course Afton Chemical Corp. Committee Richmond, VA Thomas Scharf Scott Howard (Chair) University of North Texas Hy-Pro Filtration Nicolas Argibay Denton, TX Virginia Beach, VA Sandia National Laboratories Anil Agiral Albuquerque, NM Raj Shah Koehler Instrument Co., Inc. The Lubrizol Corporation Steffen Bots Holtsville, NY Wickliffe, OH LubeServ Brian Hovik Brannenburg, Germany David Turner Viking Engineering CITGO Petroleum Corp. Leavenworth, WA Michel Fillon Houston, TX Babak Lofti Universite de Poitiers ExxonMobil Chemical Company Futuroscope Chasseneuil, Cedex, France Evan Zabawski TestOil Baytown, TX Aaron Greco Calgary, Alberta, Canada Alex Mannion Argonne National Laboratory BASF Corporation Lemont, IL Min Zou Florham Park, NJ University of Arkansas Yvette Trzcinski Karen Harrington Fayetteville, AK Holly Frontier Fuchs Lubricants Co. Waukesha, WI Harvey, IL

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2021 STLE Virtual Annual Meeting & Exhibition COMMITTEES AND COUNCILS

COMMITTEES AND Lawrence Ludwig, Jr. Alison C. Dunn (PSC for Tribology of INDUSTRY COUNCILS Schaeffer Manufacturing Company Biomaterials: Materials & Biotribology St. Louis, MO Joint Session) Awards Committee Frederick J. Passman University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Nicolas Argibay (Chair) BCA, Inc. Urbana, IL Sandia National Laboratories Princeton, NJ Brandon Krick (PSC for Tribology of Albuquerque, NM Michael Stapels Biomaterials: Materials & Biotribology Ankur Ashtekar (Vice Chair) Kao Chemicals GmbH Joint Session) Sentient Science Corporation Emmerich, Germany Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL Buffalo, NY Condition Monitoring/Predictive John Bomidi Fellows Committee Maintenance Technical Committee Baker Hughes Michael T. Dugger (Chair) The Woodlands, TX Sandia National Laboratories Daniel Walsh (Chair) Spectro Scientific Nicholaos Demas Albuquerque, NM Chelmsford, MA Argonne National Laboratory Daniel Nelias (Vice Chair) Lemont, IL LaMCoS INSA De Lyon Michael Plumley (Vice Chair) US Coast Guard Academy Kuldeep Mistry Villeubanne, Cedex, France New London, CT The Timken Co. Gary Doll North Canton, OH University of Akron Kemberlee Snelling (PSC) Trico Corporation Carlos Sanchez Akron, OH Davison, MI Southwest Research Institute Raj Shah San Antonio, TX Koehler Instrument Co., Inc. Jatin Mehta (Vice PSC) Fluitec International Qian (Beth) Zou Holtsville, NY Jersey City, NJ Oakland University Min Zou Rochester, MI University of Arkansas Contact Mechanics Technical Fayetteville, AK Committee Education Committee Jeffrey Streator Kyle D. Schulze (Chair) Ramoun Mourhatch (Chair) Georgia Institute of Technology Auburn University Chevron Oronite Co. LLC Atlanta, GA Auburn, AL Richmond, CA Frederick J. Passman Ali Beheshti (Vice Chair) Scott Howard (Vice Chair) BCA, Inc. George Mason University Hy-Pro Filtration Princeton, NJ Fairfax, VA Virginia Beach, VA Biotribology Technical Committee Rohit Voothaluru (Secretary) Richard Butler The DuBois Chemicals Gagan Srivastava (Chair) North Canton, OH Bedford Park, IL Dow Chemical Company Freeport, TX Hamid Ghaednia (PSC) Neil Canter Harvard University Chemical Solutions Dipankar Choudhury (Vice Chair) Massachusetts General Hospital Willow Grove, PA University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR Boston, MA Charles Coe Morgan R. Jones (Vice PSC) Grease Technology Solutions, LLC Kurt Beschorner (Secretary) Sandia National Laboratories Round Hill, VA University of Pittsburgh, PA Albuquerque, NM Greg Croce Matthew Brake (Award Chair) Chevron Products Co. Angela Pitenis (PSC) Rice University Richmond, CA University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA Houston, TX Karen Harrington Fuchs Lubricants Company Alison C. Dunn (Vice PSC) Harvey, IL University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL

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2021 STLE Virtual Annual Meeting & Exhibition COMMITTEES AND COUNCILS

COMMITTEES AND Xuan Ma (Vice PSC) John F. Curry (PSC for Materials INDUSTRY COUNCILS Harbin Engineering University Tribology) Harbin, Heilongjian Province China Sandia National Laboratories Engine and Drivetrain Technical Albuquerque, NM Committee Gears and Gear Lubrication Mark A. Sidebottom (PSC for Technical Committee William Anderson (Chair) Tribochemistry – Materials & Afton Chemical Corporation Jeffrey Ewin (Chair) Nanotribology Joint Session) Richmond, VA Naval Air Systems Command Miami University Raj Chandramohanan (Vice Chair) Patuxent River, MD Oxford, OH Borg Warner Weixue Tian (Vice Chair) Mary Makowiec (PSC for 2D Materials – Arden, NC ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Materials & Nanotribology Joint Cole Hudson (Secretary) Annandale, NJ Session) Southwest Research Institute Nikhil Murthy (PSC) Pratt & Whitney San Antonio, TX US Army Research Laboratory East Hartford, CT Carlos Sanchez (PSC) Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD Alison C. Dunn (PSC for Tribology of Southwest Research Institute Biomaterials – Materials & Grease Technical Committee San Antonio, TX Biotribology Joint Session) Wenyang Zhang (Chair) Hamed Ghaednia (Vice PSC) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Tesla, Inc. Gehring Urbana, IL Sunnyvale, CA Livonia, MI Brandon Krick (PSC for Tribology of Cindy Liu (Vice Chair) Biomaterials – Materials & Environmentally Friendly Fluids Klüber Lubrication Biotribology Joint Session) Technical Committee Londonderry, NH Florida State University Selim M. Erhan (Chair) H. Scott Crawford (PSC) Tallahassee, FL Oil Process Industries Primrose Oil Company Decatur, IL Dallas, TX Metalworking Technical Committee Brajendra K. Sharma (Vice Chair) Lubrication Fundamentals E. Jon Schnellbacher (Chair) Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, Technical Committee Formulas & Solutions, LLC University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Allen Park MI Mihir Patel (Chair) Champaign, IL Chevron Lubricants Bridget Dubbert (Vice Chair) Daniel B. Garbark (Secretary) Richmond, CA Engineered Lubricants Battelle Maryland Heights, MO Jodie Nelson (Vice Chair) Columbus, OH American Refining Group, Inc. Jill Myers (PSC) Helen L. Ngo (PSC) Bradford, PA The Timken Company Eastern Regional Research Center North Canton, OH Nicole Döerr (PSC) Agricultural Research Service, USDA AC2T research GmbH Wyndmoor, PA Nanotribology Technical Committee Wiener Neustadt, Austria Zhijiang (Justin) Ye (Chair) Fluid Film Bearings Technical Brendan Miller (Vice PSC) Miami University Committee Chevron Oronite Company, LLC Oxford, OH Troy Snyder (Chair) Richmond, CA Prathima C. Nalam (Vice Chair) The University of Akron Materials Tribology Technical University of Buffalo Akron, OH Committee Buffalo, NY Balint Pap (Vice Chair & Secretary) Brandon Krick (Chair) Mohammad Vazirisereshk (PSC) Safran Transmission Systems Florida State University University of California, Merced Colombes, France Tallahassee, FL Merced, CA Bruce Fabijonas (PSC) Tevis Jacobs (Vice Chair) Nikolay Garabedian (Vice PSC) Kingsbury Inc. University of Pittsburgh Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Philadelphia, PA Pittsburgh, PA Karlsruhe, Germany

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2021 STLE Virtual Annual Meeting & Exhibition COMMITTEES AND COUNCILS

Mehmet Z. Baykara (Vice PSC) Hannes Grillenberger (REB Discussion Tribotesting Technical Committee University of California, Merced Roundtable) Gordon G. Krauss (Chair) Merced, CA Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Harvey Mudd College Herzogenaurach, Germany Claremont, CA Nonferrous Industry Council Jun Xiao (Vice Chair) Joseph Cepec (Chair) Seals Technical Committee Rtec Instruments, Inc. Allegheny Petroleum Products Company Khalid Malik (Chair) San Jose, CA Wilmerding, PA Ontario Power Generation Oluwaseyi Ogunsola (PSC) Andrea Lynn Knopp Pickering, Ontario, Canada Shell Technology Center (Secretary/Treasurer) Hongmei Zhao (Vice Chair) Houston, TX Lightstone Generation – Gavin Plant The Lubrizol Corporation Cheshire, OH Wickliffe, OH Pradeep Menezes (Vice PSC) University of Nevada, Reno Tom Oleksiak (PSC) Bo Tan (Secretary & PSC) Reno, NV Quaker Houghton University of Kentucky Conshohocken, PA Lexington, KY Wear Technical Committee

Power Generation Industry Council Surface Engineering Technical Arnab Ghosh (Chair) EtaGen Jatin Mehta (Chair) Committee Idaho Fall, ID Fluitec International Harpal Singh (Chair) Jersey City, NJ Sentient Science Corporation Chinpei Wang (Vice Chair) , Inc. Peter Dufresne (Co-Chair) West Lafayette, IN Columbus, IN WLU Suvrat Bhargava (Vice Chair) Calgary, Alberta, Canada TE Connectivity Mathieu Renouf (Secretary) CNRS Matthew Hobbs (Vice Chair & PSC) Middletown, PA Université De Montpellier EPT Kora Farokhzadeh (PSC) Montpellier, France Calgary, Alberta, Canada Bruker Nano Surfaces Yan Zhou (PSC) Salvatore Rea (PSC) San Jose, CA Houghton International LANXESS Corporation Nikhil Murthy (Vice PSC) Oak Ridge, TN Perkasie, PA U.S. Army Research Lab Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD Ali Beheshti (Vice PSC) Rolling Element Bearings Technical George Mason University Auezhan Amanov (Vice PSC) Committee Fairfax, VA Sun Moon University Trevor Slack (Chair) Sunmoon-ro, Asan, South Korea Wind Energy Technical Committee American Roller Bearing Company Morganton, NC Synthetic Lubricants and Hydraulics Manish Patel (Chair) NanoTech Industrial Solutions Nikhil Londhe (Vice Chair) Technical Committee Lake Charles, LA The Timken Company Robert Davidson (Chair) North Canton, OH Afton Chemical Corporation Ramesh Navaratnam (Vice Chair) Patech Fine Chemicals Daniel Merk (Secretary) Richmond, VA Taipei City, Taiwan Schaeffler Technologies Lauren Huffman (Vice Chair) Bavaria, Germany The Dow Chemical Company David Pack (PSC) Pack Consulting Services Bryan Allison (PSC) Midland, MI Katy, TX SKF Aeroengine Ryan Fenton (PSC) Clymer, NY BASF Corporation Student Posters Tarrytown, NY Isaac Daulton (Vice PSC) Azhar Vellore (Chair) AFRL Turbine Engine Division Patti Cusatis (Vice PSC) University of California, Merced Engine Mechanical Systems Branch BASF Corporation Merced, CA AFRL/RQTM Tarrytown, NY WPAFB, OH

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