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REV, JOSEPH S. THOMPSON,

Pastor of Bethel A, M. E. Church.

PHILADELPHIA; PA, 5 ll.I.ori ,). Holland, Book and Job Printer, HEM bombard Stri $3? 1881. «Q iOM

BETHEL

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REV. JOSEPH S. THOMPSON

Pastor of Bethel A, M, E, Church.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Robert J. Holland, Book and Job Printer, 1034 Lombard Street. 1881. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1881, by JOSEPH S. THOMPSON, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washing'on, D. C. BETHEL GLEANINGS.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I —Why and when was the A. M. E. Church founded, and who the founders were.

CHAPTER II.—Biography of Rt. Rev. Richard Allen.

CHAPTER III.—Bethel A. M. E. Church, Philadelphia, Pa. Sketches of some of her prominent members with a record of the different pastors, official members, and general officers of the connection. BETHEL GLEANINGS.

INTRODUCTION.

One by one the old land-marks are removed. New faces, new buildings appear, and soon the last representatives of an age filled with trials, and struggles, will have passed away. It is therefore necessary to seize time by the forelock and collect what we can in order that some record may be preserved, for the bene­ fit of those who are about to take the place of those who have finished their course. The present generation has no conception of the trials of the generations which preceded them. To-day every door is opened, the way is clear and all is peace. When we look back fifty years we find nothing but utter darkness, and almost despair. Only now and then, could a ray of hope be seen through the clouds of blackest darkness, a darkness that could be seen and felt on every side. Every avenue toward advancement was closed against the Negro. Church and State conspired against him. Notwithstand­ ing this, there were a few who had the courage to assert their rights and prove their manhood. They saw the victory from afar, and even if they did not live to reap the benefits, yet they died fully assured that right would triumph over might. Could the history of the struggles of our people in this country be fully written, it would seem more like some romance, born in the ima­ gination of some literary genius. We cannot conceive in our minds at this day, how our race has gone through so much fire, and survived. Neither do the descendants of the oppressors, wish to own that their progenitors were guilty of oppression. But truth is truth, and must be met and received. Our object in writing these gleanings is, that we may preserve a record of the days of trials, and the persons who took a prominent part in the formation and building, and organiz­ ing our church, viz: The African Methodist Episcopal Church. Her's is a history which no pen can fully portray. For the most part, we have no written record of the past, most of her history comes to us in the form of oral tradition; yet this for the most part is accurate, for it is given by the near descendants of those who were active workers, and even founders of this great organiza­ tion of to-day. They too will soon be gone and then it will be still more difficult to get the facts of the past.

" One by one our friends pass o'er, To the bright and peaceful shore ; And they join in glad surprise, The glorious anthem of the skies."

J. S. THOMPSON, PASTOR OF BETHEL A. M. E. CHURCH, Philadelphia, Pa. September ist, 1881. CHAPTER I.

Why and by whom was the African Methodist Episcopal Church Founded? There can be no effect, without a cause, and there must have been a great cause to have made the founders of the A. M. E. Church form an organization of their own. It was a bold step for the people at that time. It was open rebellion against the M. E. Church. But nothing could stop the movement, for it was im­ pelled by God. The more observant of the colored members, saw that the other members of the M. E. Church were not consistent iu their profession, as christians. They also found that they were constantly, deprived of the real privileges, belonging to all the members of the same creed and church. They all professed to worship the same God, yet there was a great distinction made among them. They were insulted and neglected intentionally, for they were at this time beginning to see the glimmer of a brighter day. As their spiritual eyes were opened, they also im­ proved mentally. They began to reason and study for themselves. A few of them had learned to read the word,Tand were able to give instruction to those around them. This also enraged the whites, for they knew if this should continue, that their influence would be entirely gone. In order to intimidate the poor and despised ones, they began to stop them from taking an active part in their meetings. They wanted them to be seen, (in some out of the way corner) and not heard in the house of God. Hence it became time for them to assert their manhood, even if there were no poli­ tical rights; yet would they declare their independence, and worship God in their own way, and under their own vine and fig tree. It required a master spirit, and men of nerve, to undertake a thing of this kind at that day.—But when any great thing either of church, or state is to be accomplished, God always raises up leaders.—The question of separation was first agitated in Phila­ delphia, Pa., in November, 1787. At that time the colored people held a meeting to consider their condition. They pro- 6 posed to withdraw from the M. E. Church and build a church of their own. This was greatly opposed by the leaders of the M. E. Church. They were threatened with expulsion, and were advised to give up the idea. But the die was cast. Their minds were fully made up to start for themselves. The leaders of the move­ ment, then resigned their membership with the M. E. Church and henceforth they were forever free. They were left in place for a few years, but as they increased in numbers, they naturally varied in opinion in regard to the mode of worship. This was in 1793, and as there was quite a number who were in favor of the Methodist form, then the Spirit moved Richard Allen. Consult­ ing with a few tried friends he proposed building a house for wor­ ship on his own land. The proposition was accepted, the build­ ing was finished, was dedicated and called " BETHEL." The Church started out alone, meeting opposition and trials on every hand, yet they prospered, never losing heart, but having faith, knowing they were pursuing a right course. In this man­ ner the members of Bethel in Philadelphia struggled on alone until the year 1816. The light from Bethel had been seen ; her influence and independence began to be felt by the colored people in different cities and communities. They saw the success of Bethel; and as they were laboring under the same embarrass­ ments which Bethel had passed through, they commenced to withdraw from the M. E. churches. The question of a separate and independent organization was greatly agitated. It was finally decided to call a convention of the leading people of all sections. This convention was held in Philadelphia, April, 1816, when it was "Resolved, That the people of Philadelphia, Balti­ more, and all other places, who should unite with them, should become cne body, under the name and style of the " African Methodist Episcopal Church/ " This resolution is the declara­ tion of independence of all the members of the A. M. E. Church. This is the great compact which joins her worshippers, who are known throughout the United States ; even on the islands of the sea and the vast continent of Africa, her banner has been raised and floats triumphantly. Bishop Payne, in his work called "The Semi-Centenary and Retrospection of the African Methodist Episcopal Church," gives us the names of the brave and good Christian pioneers who founded the great structure of to-day. He names them as follows: " Richard Allen, Jacob Tapsico, Clayton Durham, James Champion, and Thomas Web­ ster, of Philadelphia, Pa.; Daniel Coker, Richard Williams, Henry Harden, Stephen Hill, Edward Williamson, and Nicholas Gailliard, of Baltimore, Md.; Peter Spencer, of Wilmington, Del.; Jacob Marsh, Edward Jackson and William Andrews, of Attleborough, Pa. ; and Peter Cuff, of Salem, N. J." These sixteen fathers were the signers of our Magna Charta. The Rev. Richard Allen was legally elected, and was solemnly set apart by prayer and the imposition of hands as bishop of the A. M. E- Church. There can be no dispute in regard to the legality of his title. He was ordained bishop on the 16th day of April, 1816. His title was recognized from the first, and will remain forever. What a vast field of work was before the fathers. Prejudice and opposition on every hand : yet they launched their little bark on the great ocean of time, fully trusting in the Divine Ruler of all things. The labor of that Christian convention in 1816 was not in vain: their work follows them. Time does not decrease it, but enlarges the field. To-day finds the child born amid tears and prayers a man in full strength and glory. Then despised and thwarted, now respected and enjoying fraternal communion with all other orthodox Christians.

CHAPTER II.

Biographical Sketch of Rt. Rev. Richard Allen, first Bishop of the African Metho­ dist .Episcopal Church, and founder of the same—Facts taken from Memoirs written by himself.

THE Rt. Rev. Richard Allen, first bishop of the A. M. E. Church and its reverend founder, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 14, 1760. He was born a slave, his parents belonging to a man by the name of Benjamin Chew, but when he became of age he bought himself. He was converted when he was about twenty- one years of age. and joined the Methodist church near Dover, Md., where he was then living. By his integrity and true Chris­ tian spirit he was fully trusted by his master, who even allowed him to hold meetings at his (the master's) house. In speaking of his master we will quote his own words: "My master was an unconverted man, and all the family, but he was what the world called a good master. He was more like a father to his slaves than anything else. He was a very tender, humane man. While living with him we had family prayer in the kitchen, to which he frequently would come out himself at time of prayer, and my mistress with him. At length he invited us from the kitchen to the parlor to hold family prayer, which we attended to." When he first left his master he had a hard time, but his spirit was strong, and he soon found employment in cutting wood, making brick, and driving team During all these hardships he never forgot the service of the Lord, for he says: " I used oft- times to pray sitting, standing, or lying; while my hands were employed to earn my daily bread, my heart was devoted to my dear Redeemer. Sometimes I would awake from my sleep preach­ ing and praying." During this period of his life the Revolu­ tionary war was in progress, and everything was unsettled ; but after peace was proclaimed, he started out on his great mission as a preacher of the gospel. His first stopping-place was Wil­ mington, Del.; from that place he went to New Jersey,—this was in 1783. His labor was twofold: he would cut wood all day, and preach at night and Sundays. In 1784 he left New Jersey and commenced his labors in Pennsylvania, laboring at Lancaster, Little York, and the neighboring country. Hi3 work was blessed in all these places, and many souls were converted. He left Pennsylvania and took up his abode in Maryland, and commenced work in what was called Hartford circuit. He car­ ried on the work here for some time, and then returned to Penn­ sylvania. We cannot comprehend the sufferings and trials which this Christian pioneer endured. In speaking of his depri­ vations, he makes the following statement: "I received nothing -10-

from the Methodist connection. My usual method was, when I would get bare of clothes, to stop travelling and go to work, so that no man could say I was chargeable to the connection. My hands administered to my necessities." What self-sacrifice, what devotion is here manifested ! All is forsaken for the upbuilding of his peeple ; not only his people, but mankind at large, for often the majority of his congregations were whites. He returned to Philadelphia in February, 1786, preaching sometimes four or five times a day. At this time he conceived the idea of making some organized provision for erecting a church for his people. He had enrolled forty persons for his new society, but was met with great opposition. They were forbidden to hold meetings— " they were considered as a nuisance." But the climax was reached. They were maltreated in the house of God,—even pulled from their knees while praying. None can relate the circumstance better than Richard Allen, he himself being one of the victims : " We had not been long upon our knees before I heard considerable scuffling and low talking. I raised my head up, and saw one of the trustees having hold of the Rev. Absalom Jones, pulling him up off of his kmes, and saying, 'you must get up; you must not kneel here.' Mr. Jones replied,'wait until prayer is over.' Mr. H. M said, ' No, you must get up now, or I will call for aid and force you away.' Mr. Jones said. ' Wait until prayer is over, and I will get up and trouble you no more.'" After the prayer was finished the colored brethren left, shaking the dust from their feet, and their white brethren were never troubled with them again, although they had spent a consid­ erable portion of their earnings in rebuilding the church (St. George's). But Richard Allen was not a man to be easily dis­ comfited or discouraged. He had become hardened to all trials and difficulties. This only gave h m a new impetus, another chance to strike out for a still larger scope. A store-room was rented, and he and his little band worshipped God without being molested. There was none to harm or make afraid. Subscrip­ tion papers were got, and their friends were solicited for aid, in order that they might build a house of their own. Two promi-. -11- nent gentlemen were waited upon, viz., Dr. Rush and Mr. Robert Ralston, who "subscribed largely towards the church." Mr. Ralston was made treasurer. In his memoirs, when speaking of this time, he says: "' I hope the names of Dr. Benjamin Rush and Mr. Robert Ralston will never be forgotten among us. They were the two first gentlemen who espoused the cause of the op­ pressed, and aided us in building the house of the Lord for the poor Africans to worship in. Here was the beginning and rise of the first African church in America" A committee was appointed to get a suitable site to build upon. Through some misunderstanding two lots were engaged,—one near the corner of Lombard and Sixth Streets, the other on Fifth Street. The lot on Sixth Street was left on Richard Allen's hands, for the committee decided to build on Fifth Street. Notwithstanding this treatment he entered into the work, and put the first spade into the ground when the cellar was begun. The building was erected, and the majority of the members decided to adopt the form of worship belonging to the Church of England. But Rich­ ard Allen loved the creed of his mother Church. Although he had been treated badly by some of the members of the Church, yet he loved the true doctrine and methodical form of church gov­ ernment. He believed in the plain gospel,—the gospel stripped of all pharaphernalia The Christian spirit of Richard Allen shines in full glory at this period. We find him helping his peo­ ple build a house of worship, although they differed in opinion as to form of worship. All he desired was, that they worshipped the true God and had a place of their own where they would be free indeed. While this '' first" church was being built, Richard Allen conceived a plan which has made his name immortal. But he held his peace until they had finished their church. Their work being accomplished, he set his machinery in motion,—a mo­ tion that has become perpetual. Now he finds an opportunity to try his powers. The eyes of all are upon him. Success will bring him everlasting fame ; failure will bring him nothing but ridicule. But he did not think about human praise or the scoffs and jeers of the enemy. He trusted in God, leaving all things to -12-

His keeping. We have stated that the lot near the corner of Lombard and Sixth Streets was left on his hands. This was the ground that was to become consecrated. Truly, " God moves in a mysterious way His wonders to perform." " The stone which the builders rejected became the chief of the corner." What is the temple that has been erected ? How shall we describe the edifice which was to become a great name and power in the world ? We will quote from the memoirs again :— " I bought an old frame that had been formerly occupied as a blacksmith shop from Mr. Sims, and hauled it on the lot in Sixth near Lombard Street, that had formerly been taken for the Church of England. I employed carpenters to repair the old frame and fit it for a place of worship. In July, 1794, Bishop Asbury being in town, I solicited him to open the church for us, which he ac­ cepted. The Rev. John Dickens sung and prayed, and Bishop Asbury preached. The house was called Bethel, agreeably to the prayer that was made. Mr. Dickens prayed that it might be a Bethel to the gathering in of thousands of souls." What a record has this holy man of God. From youth to manhood, and even to old age, his life is wholly devoted to preaching and building and organizing churches. When others would be down-hearted, dis­ couraged, and ready to give up, then Richard Allen would step in with fresh courage. Such men are few. Too many are like flashing meteors : they appear suddenly, create a dazzling flame, then die out, making the sky appear darker than ever. Not so with Richard Allen. We see nothing but an increased lustre ; as years roll on his name and work becomes more impressive. At this day, when things are so different to what they were in his time, we can hardly con­ ceive in our minds the greatness of his labor. Then our race was oppressed both North and South. Not only were the colored people ignorant, but the masses of the whites were just as illite­ rate. It was then a crime to teach a colored person to read, and the preacher had to be very careful what he said to them. It must have been a great trial to Richard Allen, when placed before his people as a leader, that he could not assert their rights and his -13- own without bringing the wrath of the community npon his head. Yet he has accomplished a work that will never die. His star will never set, but will shine forever. Richard Allen was not only a preacher of the gospel, but he was a general business man,—a light in every sense of the word to his people. He was a man raised up by a special providence. He was born a leader of men, an organizer, and a benefactor of his race. Richard Allen was called from labor to reward, March 26, 1831, in the 72d year of his age. His remains are buried in front of Bethel A. M. E. church, Philadelphia, Pa. We copy the following epitaph from his tomb­ stone : " To the memory of the RT. REV. BISHOP ALLEN. First bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal connection in the United States of America, and founder of this church. Who was born in this city, A. D. 1760. At the age of 17 experienced religion and joined the Me­ thodist Society in the State of Delaware; at the age of 22 commenced his ministerial labors, which were extended through various parts of the Middle States. In 1787 he returned to his native city, where his unexampled labors will redound to posterity. He was instrumental in the hands of the Lord in enlightening many thou­ sands of his brethren, the descendants of Africa and was the founder of the first African church in America, which was erected in Philadelphia, A. D. 1793. He was ordained deacon in 1799 by the RT. REV. FRANCIS ASBURY, bishop of the Methodist Church. At the organization of the African Methodist Church, A. D. 1816, he was elected and ordained a bishop for said Church by their first General Conference, and was the first African bishop in AMERICA, which office he filled for upwards of fourteen years with uncommon zeal, fidelity, perseverence, and sound judgment. He was an affectionate husband, a tender father, and a sincere Chris­ tian. He finished his course in this city, after a tedious illness, which he bore with Christian fortitude, on the 26th day of March, 1831, in the 72d year of his age, gloriously triumphing over death, and in the hope of a better resurrection through the merits of the Lord Jesus Christ. 'I have fought the good fight; I have fin­ ished my course; I have kept the faith.' Vox Populi, Vox Dei. Reader, go thou and do likewise." CHAPTER III.

Bethel A. M. E. Church, Philadelphia, Pa.—Her Membership and Sabbath-School, with Sketches of some of her Prominent Members.—Also, a Record of her differ­ ent Pastors and Official Members.

As we have stated, Bethel church in Philadelphia, Pa., was the mother of the A. M. E. churches in the United States. It is fitting that we should make special mention of her, both as to structure, membership, and internal working. After Richard Allen had finished the church for his people, the trustees of the M. E. church tried to take possession of the building. The case was taken to the Supreme Court, and the illustrious Allen and his coadjutors gained the victory. After this there were internal dis- sentions, but the right finally triumphed, and the church became a Bethel in name and spirit. The magnificent structure of to-day, situated on Sixth Street near Lombard, was built in 1841, the old building being too small to accommodate the people. It is built of brick of a first-class quality, presenting a handsome front, with the following inscription over the door: ''If the Son, therefore, shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed." Its dimensions are 72 feet in length, and 62 feet in width. The ground-floor is divided into class-rooms and a commolious lecture-room. The church proper is a magnificent room, with all of the modern com­ forts, being well ventillated, etc. It will seat about 2000 persons. In the gallery opposite the pulpit is a fine organ, and the choir \ possesses some of the finest voices in the city, under the present leadership of Mr. Daniel W. Parvis. The membership numbers about 1300. The Sabbath-School numbers 475 scholars, 2 super­ intendents, and 35 teachers. Every night in the week is taken up with some service of the church : class-meetings, prayer-meetings, teachers' meeting, and trustees' meeting. There is also a sewing- circle and a literary society, both doing efficient work. The machinery of Bethel is great, but everything runs smoothly under the management of competent leaders, each having his special 14 -15- work. Bethel parsonage is on Lombard Street, but joins the rear of the church. The pastor can enter the church without going upon the street, the study being connected with the church. The parsonage, also, contains what is called the Episcopal or Bishop's Room. To fully comprehend the greatness of Bethel, her numbers, and work, one should be an eye-witness, Her influence is felt throughout the whole city. Great is her strength indeed, for not only has she raised up churches here in this city, but she is the mother of us all. Truly may she be called " Big Bethel." Age, maternity, life, vigor, and piety are hers, and to-day she stands a " Bethel" to all the sons and daughters of Africa. She does not become enfeebled by age, but increases in strength and glory. On her roll can be found, as bishops, pastors, leaders, officers, and members, names which have become historical,—names that will never be forgotten, but ever cherished. There are also hundreds scattered throughout the country who speak with pride that they are, or were, members of " old Bethel," or that their parents or grandparents were members. This pride is natural, for we all like to be identified with popular things. But it was different with Bethel's first members. They came up through great tribu­ lations ; they had foes within and foes without. It was a question of life or death. Their trials and other struggles were like the early Christians; life and liberty were at stake, yet they kept their integrity. To-day their descendants, and all who desire, may worship within her walls without fear. Bethel church, Philadel- delphia, is the Mecca of African Methodists. This is the great shrine. Here pilgrimage is made from near and from far. As the old State House is to the loyal American citizen, so is Bethel to the members of the connection. How careful, then, ought her members to be. Do they consider their responsibility? The reputation of her members influence all the other members in the connection. Children naturally imitate their parents. Accord­ ing to their home culture and training do they succeed or fail in manhood. May Bethel ever keep her responsibilities in sight, never losing knowledge of the faith of the fathers, but increase in number, wisdom, power, and righteousness. To-day her members -16- seem to be in harmony, and a Christian feeling pervades through­ out her borders. The Sabbath-School is in a flourishing condi­ tion ; a greater activity seems to be prevailing among the teach­ ers. All this speaks well, "for the harvest is great, and the laborers are few." Our future rests upon those who are now being trained in the Sabbath-Schools. The youth are the blos­ soms of the church. We must take care that they are not blighted and the fruit valueless. Bethel must advance, not retrograde. May peace forever be within thy walls.

DEDICATED TO BETHEL A. M. E. CHURCH, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Hail, Bethel, loving mother of us all! Thy honored name we love ; We'll ever answer to thy call, We'll ever loyal prove. When pressed by foes and trials dar k Thy walls did never shake, But proved to be a noble ark, Thy bulwarks sound, no storm could break. Thy children far and near now dwell; Thy name is known and praised. From mountain peak to ocean swell We find thy banner raised. May love and peace attend thy ways ; May millions bear thy name ; Let Bethel's name grow day by day. Illustrious mother, speed thy fame ! Bethel, God's house in name and deed ; Bethel, where e're we be ; Bethel, to you be every meed; Bethel, through all eternity ! BETHEL CHURCH SOCIETIES.

The first organized society in Bethel church was founded by Bishop Richard Allen. It was known by the name of " Daughters of Conference." Its object was to help defray the expenses of the pastors outside of the regular tax upon each member. The mem­ bers of the society also looked after the immediate welfare of the minister's household. They took it upon themselves to see that their pastors lacked nothing in temporal goods, such as food and rai­ ment, and other things necessary to make them appear as respect­ able as the pastors of other denominations. While in existence the society did good work, but it is now disbanded. It will be remembered that the pastors of that day scarcely received (many of them) a hundred dollars per year. Their circuits were large, being both broad and long. The people were poor, but they had large and tender hearts, ever ready to comfort and give whatever aid they were able, in order to help on the good work. Many will say now, " How could they live upon such a small mite?" To such we can only say it was the five loaves and a few small fish which aid, in the hands of the Giver of every good and perfect gift, supplied their essential wants. At the present time there is an organization called the " Dorcas Society," whose object is to look after the aged and needy members of the church. They are accomplishing a great work. They contribute yearly to the wants and comforts of a great many deserving ones. This society was organized by the Rev. Richard Robinson, one of the stalwart fathers; noble and dignified in appearance ; grand and heroic in the work of the Master. Another society is the " Mite Mission­ ary Society," which is in organization throughout the whole con­ nection. Its object is to give aid to the foreign missionary work. It was designed that each church should have a local organization. This society is not in a very healthy and vigorous condition at present, but it has been keeping up some irregular motion. There 17 -18-

is a Sabbath-School Missionary Society, which contributes some­ thing every year toward the missionary work. We have no doubt but that all of these small societies of the church will in time, as the people become better informed, develop as powerful auxiliaries, and accomplish the work for which they were designed.

PREACHERS WHO HAVE LABORED IN BETHEL, AND AFTERWARDS

BECAME BISHOPS OF THE A. M. E. CHURCH.

Bishop D. A. Payne, D.D., LL.D. " J. P. Campbell, D.D., LL.D. J. M. Brown, D.D., D. C. L.

We have often heard these fathers speak of their glorious prayer-meetings held in Bethel, private houses, and various places of worship in the city. There was doubtless more zeal and earn­ est labor done among the people generally in that day than at the present. The brethren of that day, and sisters also, did not wait for appointments in the large churches, but they went about doing good, and whatsoever their hands found to do, they did it with their might. The spirit of that age seemed to be not only a duty, but a great privilege, to work in the vineyard of the Lord ; and not only workers, but they were loyal to the doctrine and discipline of their church. They were continuously active; change of pastors made no change in their labors and vows to their church. Forty years ago Bethel church herself was doing more real Christian work then all of our churches in the city are doing now. The records of the church show that there were more preaching places than there are at the present, and all of these places were supplied by preachers from Bethel church. There is no doubt but that these prayer-meetings were the schools where t\&Sfc fat\\fii% fast obtaMYtti tt\e ^ovret and ucu. utterances of prayer. From Bethel of that day went forth the workmen to -19- their work, with earnest hearts and pure desires to promote the kingdom of God and saving souls. We have heard Bishops Payne and Campbell say that at that time, for choice, they would rather go and fill the appointments and conduct the meetings in differ­ ent localities in the city than to wait for appointments in Bethel. God's house was the great aim and impulse of every heart. These were the days of erecting the spiritual walls of Bethel. The work­ men could be found upon the walls day and night, each doing what he could towards the work. All the people had a mind to work ; they made it a common cause,—the Lord and humanity. The leaders were bold and fearless; the people following without distrust. A proper history of the first members of Bethel cannot be fully written, as we have before stated. While there are some still living who were connected with Bishop Allen, yet the survi­ vors of those days cannot call to mind even a goodly number of the more prominent and faithful workers during Bethel's early days and struggles. This is to be much regretted, for there was a host of noble men and women whose praiseworthy deeds, Chris­ tian rectitude, and moral worth would have compared favorably with any other class of people of that age. This is evident from the work accomplished, as seen in the tangible monument of to-day,—a monument which will outlast the Pyramids. The great work of the fathers should be a great encouragement to the present generation. The founders and early laborers of Bethel worked under every disadvantage. They were unlearned, despised, ignored, and left to work out their own salvation; and manly did they perform the task. What a legacy have they left! To-day we are reaping the harvest whose seed was sown in tears. The present generation must not forsake the work and gift of the fathers, else sudden destruction come upon them. With the advantages of to-day, greater work should be done in advancing the cause. New fields are open both at home and abroad. None are excused,—the responsibility rests upon all. May the young men and young women of to-day rise up in their strength and achieve a work that will be looked upon with pride and reverence by those who will soon follow them. If our fathers accomplished -20- so much under oppression, how much the more should those of to-day accomplish when every avenue is open. The gates are not only ajar, but are wide open to all who desire to enter in to do service in the ranks of the army of the Lord, in the building up of His Church and leading man into a higher sphere. The time and day demand immediate action.

4' Time is fleeting, And our hearts, though strong and brave, Still like muffled drums are beating Funeral marches to the grave.

RECORD OF THE PASTORS OF BETHEL A. M. E. CHURCH.

Richard Allen, Feb. 14, 1760 Jacob Tapsico, 1818. William Cornish, 1822-24. Joseph Cox. 1834. Richard Williams, 1840-41. William Moore, 1844-45. Willis Nazery, 1846-47. John Cornish, 1848-50. Willis Nazery, 1851. Henry J. Young, 1852. Henry Davis, 1853-54. Richard Robinson, 1855-56. John Cornish, 1857. W. D. W. Schureman, 1858-59. Joshua Woodlin, 1860-61. J. P. Campbell, 1862-63. William Moore, 1864-65. James Hollen, 1866. D. Dorrell, 1867-68. J.M.Williams, 1871. H. J. Young, 1871, '72, and '73. Theodore Gould, 1874-75. R. F. Wayman, 1875-76. G. C. Whitfield, 1877-79. L. J. Coppin, 1879-81. Joseph S. Thompson, 1881.

RECORD OF STEWARDS OF BETHEL A. M. E. CHURCH.

Arthur Tate, James Robinson, Lewis R. Seymour, Hans Shadd John Brown, Handy Robins, Fielding Ford, William Germott, and Willis Emory.

RECORD OF CLASS-LEADERS.

Arthur Tate. Alfred Lawrence, George Custis, Lewis R. Sey­ mour, James Frisby, William Accoo, John Brown, Parker T Smith, David Brown, Hans Shadd, Fielding Ford, John Collins, Handy Robbins, Isaiah Brown, William Bayard, Richard Frisby, William Vann, John Harkless, John R. Powell, James Walter, John Marshall, John Williams, James Robinson, Charles Riche, Joshua Roberts, and Thomas Harris. Bethel church possesses two valuable relics of Bishop Allen viz., an old-fashioned clock, which hangs opposite the pulpit is the main audience-room. This clock was made by Bishop Allen's special order for his church, and was used in the old building. It has been repaired several times, and is now in good order, marking the time faithfully. Also, the pulpit from which Bishop Allen and many of the early fathers published the glad tidings of salvation is now used in the basement of Bethel. These relics are invaluable. RECORD OF THE TRUSTEES OF BETHEL A. M. E. CHURCH.

David B. Cornish, Moses Myers, Jacob C. Parvis, Edward W- Banton, Samuel L. Williams, Thomas Launaum, John Marshall, Joseph Mason, and Leander Prout. President of the Incorporation and Trustee Board, John R- Powell; Theodore F. Young, Treasurer; Daniel W. Parvis, Secretary.

Local Elder—Joshua P. B. Eddy. Deacons—Josiah Eddy, James Frisby, Littleton Dennis, and Emory Henson. Local Preachers—Joshua Roberts, Isaiah Brown, Charles Dorsey, and Isaac D. Jones. Exhorter—Lewis Chambers.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF PROMINENT MEMBERS.

It is not considered good taste to speak much about the living. But in these few sketches we must, in order to keep up the con­ nection of the history of Bethel, mention a few of those who are living members,—who are connecting links joining the past with the present. They are eye-witnesses of all the trials and victories which Bethel has passed through. They have reached that age where flattery will not affect them. They have almost finished their course. Their work will soon be ended here, and will have passed from labor to reward. We also note here that there are three or four grandchildren of Bishop Allen living. 22 -23-

ARTHUR TATE.

This is one of the fathers in Bethel. He was born in Queen Anne County, Md., in 1801, and is therefore 80 years of age. His parents were good Christians. Father Tate came to Philadelphia in November, 1831 (the same year that Bishop Allen died). He was a member of church when he came to the city, but connected himself with Bethel, where he has been ever since. He has always been a prominent official of the church, serving as leader, trustee, and steward. Father Tate is a man of remarkable vitality. Being still active, he is a leading man, giving evidence of genuine piety, and is greatly respected by all who know him. His opinion has great weight, and he has been a great counsel to ministers. All know him as " Father Tate." He is the great connecting link with the past and present, knowing all the pastors of Bethel from Richard Allen to the present. What experience and knowledge ! To be able to tell of the past from personal knowledge, and com­ pare one age with another! May he be long spared to give counsel to the young,—a pillar of Bethel!

ALFRED LAWRENCE.

Brother Alfred Lawrence is the oldest class-leader in Bethel church. He was made leader in 1846, and held the same class ever since. He was born in North Carolina in 1810, and came to Philadelphia in 1834. Brother Lawrence joined Bethel in Jan­ uary, 1839, but was not truly converted until nearly three years afterwards. He was converted at a meeting held at the house of Mrs. Elizabeth Cole, who then lived in Currant Alley. He was elected trustee in 1852, re-elected in 1862, and remains in office at this time. Brother Lawreuce is a man with keen perceptions and winning address. He possesses strong reasoning powers, and analyzes knotty questions like a professional lawyer. He is a ready debater, and is able to look on both sides of a question be- -24- fore giving a decision. His conclusions are generally right. This power gives him great influence in all church matters, but he is always found on the side of right and justice, speaking fearlessly against anything that tends to break the peace and harmony of the church. His long experience as a leader and trustee makes him the living authority and interpreter of church polity. He is an exceptional man. It is not often we find such marked facul­ ties combined in one man. He is willing and ever ready to work for the church, as a leader of forces or a common soldier in the ranks. He fully understands that " he who would rule must first learn to obey." Hence, being himself willing to put his shoulder to the wheel, he has no trouble in finding followers to assist him in his efforts. Brother Lawrence, although he knows his powers, in modest and unassuming, sedate, and always exhibits a meek and Christian spirit. When he does anything, it is all done for the church and the good of his people, giving God all the glory. His place will be hard to fill, for there are few who are gifted with such a combination of qualities, ripe experience and judgment. Long may he live !

REV. JOSEPH COX.

The birth-place of the subject of this sketch is unknown to us ; neither have we any knowledge of his parents. He came to Philadelphia from New Jersey. We do not know the time of his conversion, joining the church, or being licensed to preach the gospel,—yet all these things did take place. But this much is known—that he was a remarkable man and a powerful preacher. It is said by those who personally knew him, that but very few of the preachers of this day excel him. When preaching, he got right at the truth of things, and his whole effort and desire was to deliver the message of the gospel in its purity and simplicity. He held charge of Bethel during the absence of Bishop Brown (the first). It is also said of him that he made a mistake in life which affected him in his religious standing. These things being -25-

true, yet he demanded a trial, as though he suffered, and was brought to the deepest humility, yet he proved to the world that he was purified by the fiery ordeal which he was compelled to go through. His was a spirit that could not be crushed. We are all liable to err, but too many lose courage, and, instead of rising they give up hope, sink into despair, and plunge still deeper into sin. Joseph Cox acknowledged his fault, repented, and brought forth fruit ever after, which showed that he was sincere in his repentance. " By their fruits ye shall know them." If a man fall, instead of keeping him down, it is our Christian duty to take him by the hand, and kindly lead him to the light. He died in full triumphs of faith, in August, 1843.

TABITHA LAWS.

Sister Tabitha Laws, when enjoying good health, was an active and willing worker in Bethel. She was born on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, Dec. 18, 1836. Her parents were Ephraim and Hester Johnson. Her grandmothers were free born, but her grandfathers were slaves. She came from a religious family, for both of her grandfathers, and also her father, were preachers. Her grandmothers and mother were women noted for their piety in their day and generation. Her parents came to Philadelphia when she was about seven years of age, and here she remained. She was converted at the age of fifteen. Religious things were deeply impressed on her mind earlier than this, caused by the death of her father, who died in the triumphs of faith. She was also deeply aroused and convicted during the preaching of a sermon by the Rev. Spencer Logan, then a minister of the M. E. Church, but afterwards became a prominent preacher in the A. M. E. Church. She first joined the M. E. Church (white), but soon after was transferred by cer­ tificate to Bethel A. M. E. Church, becoming a member of Brother Alfred Lawrence's class, where she remained until death. She felt that she would be freer in Bethel than she would -26-

be among the whites, and, being impressed with a missionary spirit, she found a larger field fo r usefulness. The members of the M. E. Church were good people, but she could do more effec­ tive work among her own people. As we have stated, Sister Laws was afflicted, yet we found her strong in faith, and anxious to be with the active workers of her beloved Bethel. She has done good work. When duty called, it was hers to obey. Would that there were more such! Those who would work for the Church and the cause of Christianity ; not for mere form and fashion, but because they felt like this sister said she always felt, "that it was her Christian duty and love to do all she could for the Church and the Lord, for He had done so much for her." " Therefore leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection; not laying again the foundation of repentance from dead works and of faith toward God." This was the favorite text of this beloved sister. Brother Alfred Lawrence, her class-leader in Bethel church, in speaking of Sister Laws, gives this testimony: " I have known her ever since she joined our church. She joined my class, and has been a member ever since. She was a zealous worker; at no time did she ever refuse when her services were required. She always gave her aid will­ ingly, feeling that she was doing her Master's will. She never thought of self, but was fully absorbed in the work of her Master. She was imbued with a missionary spirit, and when she was able to go about she was constantly visiting the sick and dying, ad­ ministering both to their temporal and spiritual wants. Many have been relieved from time to time by her aid. She always manifested a deep and devout interest in the things that pertain to the peace and prosperity of the Church. She ' was instant in season and out of season.' She was a great lover of her race, speaking for her rights, and helping all she could for the advance- : ment of her people. She was one of those who could not and would not be still. She always found something to do for human­ ity, working night and day for the Church and the good of her fellow-man. She was free to speak her mind about whatever she . thought was wrong, and would reprove evil at all times and in -27- any place. She was not ashamed to give her testimony before the world. She let her light shine so that all could see her good works. In disposition she was gentle and unassuming; quick to see, sensitive, and had great regard for the feelings of others. Being of such a temperament, her heart was full of sympathy. She was left alone with the responsibility of two boys on her hands in their infancy, yet she never murmured, but nobly struggled and brought them up to manhood, a credit to them and to herself great honor. In every respect she has been an extraordinary woman. Full of modest and Christian ambition, whatever she undertook she always accomplished, giving God the glory." Truly she was named aright; and we can say with Luke : *' There was a certain disciple named Tabitha, which by interpretation is called Dorcas: this woman was full of good works and alms deeds which she did" (Acts ix. 36). Her works will follow her. Her labor has not been in vain. The seed that has been sown will spring up in due time, and the increase will be tenfold. May all who may- chance to read this sketch of this Christian woman go and do likewise. Just the day before Sister Laws died she manifested as deep an interest and earnest zeal for the work of her Master as she had ever exhibited in the course of her Christian experience. She fell asleep in Jesus, Oct. 7, 1881, in the full triumph of faith. She is resting from her labors, an 1 her works will follow her. Amen!

ELIZA BANTON.

Among the many good women who became members of Bethel A. M. E. church during young womanhood, and who continued in consistent Christian life and in daily hope of a resurrection with the Lord Jesus until an advanced age, was Miss Eliza Conwell. She was the fourth child of Thomas and Anna Conwell, who, at the time of her birth, Dec. 24, 1815, lived near Christiana, below Wilmington, in the State of Delaware. Her parents were frugal -28-

and industrious persons, who, though loving and loveable in their family relations, were rigid in requiring that their children should become practically familiar with the duties of the household and the farm. Hence all their offspring—numbering nine—were early engaged in some industrial employment. The first and most careful training in morals and labor was given in their humble home, and at the age of twelve or thirteen was supplemented by the instruction given by persons to whom they were apprenticed or hired-out. Eliza at 16 was sent to Philadelphia, where her older sister Lydia was already employed. Here she found em­ ployment in the family of a Mrs. Learning, the wife of a wealthy Irish gentleman. Mrs. Learning was a lady whose position in society did not prevent her from overlooking the interests of her household; so that while she enjoined of her servants that they should perform such services as they were employed at carefully and thoroughly, yet that they should also attend to their personal wants ; she taught that all prudent females, whether rich or poor, employers or employed, should, when regular labor had been per­ formed, pass what would by some be called " idle hours," by reading, writing, sewing, or knitting. The parents of the subject of this sketch were pleased to learn that their child had found a home under the roof of such a mistress. She remained in the employ of this family for a long while, then exchanging for service in the home of another equally honorable household. In 1833 she considered her soul's condition as an unsaved sinner during the preaching of the late Joseph M. Cerr. Her season of inquiry lasted many months, when she was brought to experience the saving power of the gospel of Christ. From that day until the day of her death she was not wanting in a spirit of true devotion, and lived consistently a Christian life, the light of which was distinguishable with a clear shining in her home, her church, and the neighborhood in which she lived. Oct. 6, 1842, at the house of her brother-in-law, Mr. Chas. Moore, she was united in marriage to William D. Banton, a widower and the father of a little boy (Alfred), at that time eight years old. Rev. Joseph Cox was the officiating clergyman. When her church relations began, -29- she became a member of the class led by Levin Tillman. The class-meetings were then held in . In this class she remained a member until her death, March 26, 1879. Mem­ bers of the class, and the last leader, who still survives her (George Washington Parke Custis), are uniform in testifying to the evenness of her temper, and the warmth of her Christian devo­ tion. Not lacking in modesty, she was nevertheless regarded as in a certain quiet way entitled to rank as a staunch and valiant soldier of the Cross. Her neighbors testify to the excellence of her spirit, and the fruit of her life in her intercourse with them finding her both ready to help in hours of affliction and prudent in her speech, possessing the happy quality of non-interference in the neighborhood quarrels, preferring not to hear the gossip of the neighborhood if burdened with the faults of others ; her motto being,—

" Oh, that mine eyes may closed be To what concerns me not to see."

Although highly esteemed by her neighbors and fellow church members, the highest memorial to her excellence was her hus­ band's unreserved affection for her, his respect for her opinions, and the tenderest devotion of her brothers and sisters and her sister-in-law, while her children rise up to call her blessed. In her home-life this good woman's influence for good and for the cause of her Master was most brilliant. Here her husband, who was a truly excellent man (and in his day and generation an advanced scholar), loved to converse with her, not alone upon the temporal­ ities of the family, but also the religious duties of each and the training of their children. Here she taught frugality, an indus­ trious employment of all the hours of the day, and the pleasures which attach to a highly moral life. Her husband's interests were carefully guarded, and she exercised remarkable prudence in spending the money allowed for household expenses, besides carefully preparing the meals, so that the food should be properly cooked , and palatable. Her house was tidily kept, and as her -30- children became of sufficient age, they were instructed and drilled into such parts of household labor as she judged proper for boys to perform. Her only daughter having died in infancy, the boys were consequently trained in sweeping, scrubbing, whitewashing, mending,—in fact, all household work save washing and ironing. The children born to this couple were William, Anna (who died, in infancy), Edward, and Wesley, a bright boy who died at the age of nine years. In January, 1856, the husband died, and thus left a widow with three children, the youngest being then a babe in her arms. Her care over her stepson, Alfred, was motherly, and so judiciously exercised that comparatively few persons— even those who knew differently—cared to believe he was not her own child. Alfred himself reciprocated this tender feeling, and loved her most devotedly until his death in his sixteenth year. This sore trial was the occasion of manifesting the strength of her trust in her Saviour, on whose counsel she depended for wisdom to train her children in the way that leadeth unto everlasting life. She now more than ever was the companion of her children, and seemed at the coffin of her husband to have vowed to carry into effect as far as possible his plans for rearing the boys of whom he was so fond. To this holy calling she addressed all her future life, accepting it as a Heaven ordained duty, and becoming a " widow indeed" that her sons might be worthy the inheritance of their father's name. Practically, next to a devout service cheerfully rendered her Heavenly Father, her whole life was given to her children. She was their accepted counsellor in all business matters, their critic in their educational pursuits, and a cheerful participant in their pleasures. Yet did she not slacken in parental discipline until the two elder sons were married.

Wesley, the youngest died at nine years. He was tenderly loved by his mother ; and at his death, by the same Heavenly help on which she had so faithfully depended hitherto, she was enabled to toil for the welfare of the surviving children. Respecting the welfare of her daughters-in-law, she seemed to at once adopt them as children rather than invaders of her most cherished possessions; and she, with the same sweet temper, be- -31- came their ready helper, though so far knowing at all times a mother-in-law's line, that she was ready at the proper moment to maintain the strictest non-interference. Her years were brought to a close, March 26, 1879, after a protracted illness, during which she bore the pains of dissolution with calm resignation. She died at the house of her son Edward. Her constant companions were her children and her sister. Their Christian converse and tender care served to soften the dying bed. Of course, to such a life there must be a fitting close, and so this good woman's last days were chiefly spent in holy medita­ tion and Christian exhortation to her children and friends. The day of departure came not suddenly nor unlooked for by her. She lay waiting, and the summons coming, gladly went.

HENRY GORDON.

Brother Henry Gordon may truly be called "a mighty man in Israel." His name will ever shine in the history of the Church, and respected by the community where he lived, labored, and died. He was born in Chester, Pa., Feb. 15, 1813. When he was ten years of age he was bound out for a term of years. When his term of servitude expired he received one hundred dollars in cash and a new suit of clothes. He was now left upon his own responsibilities; but he started out in life aright, for he first joined the Church, and then married. He married Sarah Curbs, May 26, 1836. We have not the exact date of his joining Bethel, but his widow says it was a short time before their marriage. Brother Gordon was an industrious, sober, and upright man.' He was a man ahead of his time in progressive views; far-sighted, strict integrity, and prompt attention to business, which caused him to succeed. Men could rely on his word, and his word was his bond. In his religious life he was a consistent Christian, ever ready to aid in acts of charity and love towards his race. Brother Gordon became popular, not from his acts of benevolence, but from his -32-

magnetizing and genial temperament. He was a prominent man in the church, working everywhere for her advancement. He was a superintendent of the Sabbath-School, leader of the choir, steward, and class-leader. Being deprived of all school advantages, yet he was naturally a hard student, learning to read, and devoting his spare time to mental culture. He wrote several essays, which were read before the church, and were well received by his audience. One of these essays came to our hands, entitled " The Influence of the Bible." It gives traces of close reading and deep research. This study accounts for his broad views and general knowledge. As a class-leader, he was a teacher and expounder of the solid doctrine. His great aim in leading was to instruct and edify his members. The members of his class all loved him as obedient children would a faithful parent. He always had a word of ad­ vice to the young, pointing to them the proper road to success in business, and their duty to God and their fellow-men. By strict economy and integrity he accumulated some means; but this did not puff him up nor estrange him from those who were less favored. He continued to tread the even path, giving alms and aid to the deserving as far as it was in his power. He did this in the most quiet way, not desiring to be conspicuous or to sound the trumpet. There are many who testify of his goodness and blessings bestowed upon them, not knowing from whence they came. Brother Gordon in dress was plain and neat, not caring for ostentatious show.

When it became apparent to him that his earthly career was nearing the end he made his will, disposing of his earthly goods in a most praiseworthy and Christian manner, distributing it among several charitable institutions. He remembered the " Old Folk's Home," Allen Chapel, his own church Bethel, and Wanamaker Mission Sunday-School, with some bequests we believe. He ap­ pointed as executors his three true and tried friends, .in conjunc­ tion with his wife, to dispose of his property as bequeathed, viz., Messrs. Joshua B. Matthews, Lewis R. Seymour, and William C. Banton. Oct. 19, 1877, after he had finished all of his work, he died in the full triumph of faith, and like Jacob was gathered -33- u nto his Heavenly Father. " Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord." Brother Henry Gordon left behind him his faithful companion who struggled hand and hand with him night and day, fulfilling the marriage vow, " for better or for worse" till sepa­ rated by death.

WILLIAM SCOTT.

William Scott was born in Huntsville, Alabama, the date of which is not known. He came to Philadelphia when quite a young man. Without father, mother, or guardian to care and guide him, he began the journey of life. He had only such cul­ ture and outfit for the battle of life as an Alabamian slave of his day received,—that was, plenty of hard labor and the driver's cowhide. William Scott came to Philadelphia with his mind made up " to be somebody," using his own words, and to save his hard earnings, and also to be the owner of some property. He was indeed industrious, and looked out for number one. He had grit and push. Several times he went to some of the large man­ ufactories and business establishments to secure places for boys of his own race. He seemed to have had an idea of business, but unfortunately the color of his skin barred every avenue against him, and prevented his getting an education suitable to allow him to follow the desired avocation of life. But he was not to be discouraged: he went to work and did such things as were in his power, and saved the money thus earned.

At one time he lighted several printing-offices by contract, supplying the lamps, filling and trimming them daily. Again, he peddled lamps through the streets: in fine, he was a successful hand at such business. On one occasion his fellow-steward in the church, Abram Field, was associated with him in the peddling of lamps. Owing to Mr. Scott's industrious application to the lamp trade, he was known for many years by the sobriquet -34-

" Lamp Scott.,' Frequently during the time he held contracts for lighting those offices, he would supply the manual labor by which the printing presses were run before the introduction of steam-power. Besides, he would place lunch-baskets in the offices, and would make small contracts with the printers to supply them with their midnight luncheon. Thus it became a puzzle with many, to what purpose did his green bag serve. At another time he dealt in bottled " mead" and sola-water, and is by some believed to have introduced the sale of soda-water in the city of Philadelphia. He used a wagon for the supplying of his soda-water customers. In the year 1836 he professed faith in Christ Jesus, joined the Bethel church of the A. M. E. connection, and continued a member of the same t) the day of his death. During his membership he served as trustee, steward, and class- leader, which offices he filled faithfully. In temper he was rather hasty and blunt, but his disposition was suah that his temper sub­ sided as quickly as it flashed. Temporally, he was considered a liberal supporter of the church.

He was in the great conflict during Father Cornish's pastorate at Bethel church, of Philadelphia. In this conflict, though sore and bitter,—brother against brother, and neighbor againt neigh­ bor,—the pastor, Rev. John Cornish, and his followers summoned four or five times in a single day to account, Brother Scott stood by his pastor like a faithful hermit. Convinced in his own mind that his pastor was right, which proved to be so by the decision of the Supreme Court in his favor, the stern and God-serving man took an active part. But when the conflict was over, true to his calling, Brother Scott seemed to have forgotten all, and with those struggles perished all remembrance on his part against his oppo­ nents ; yet forever after he shunned church troubles. He died March 10, 1878, aged 69 years, leaving two sons and one daugh­ ter to mourn his loss. -35-

MARY ANN SHEPHERD.

This sister really is a mother in Israel and a mother in Bethel. Mother Shepherd was bcrn in Maryland in the year 1800, and came to Philadelphia with her parents when she was about three years of age. Here she has been ever since. Hers is a remark­ able experience. She joined Bethel church when she was sixteen years of age, in the year 1816. Richard Allen was in charge of Bethel at that time. In talking with Mother Shepherd about this event, she spake with a spirit full of gladness, and said: "I remember the time very well when Bishop Allen took me by the hand and received me into the church." Think of it, taken by the hand by Bishop Allen, and living to-day to tell the story of that time with joy and thanksgiving ! She has been a member of Bethel and of the same class ever since. She has listened to the preaching of every paster of Bethel from the revered Allen to the present day. What a record,—a member of the church for 65 years

In all the great changes in the condition of her people she has been an eye-witness. She has worshipped in the "old wooden building," to use her own expression. Mother Shepherd, although 81 years of age, is by no means decrepit. She shows more activ­ ity than a great many who are fifty years her juniors. She is lively in disposition, tempered with the wisdom and experience of age. Her work has been great. She has ministered unto the wants of those who are all unknown to this generation, and yet she is fully able to take part in the work of to-day. One would think she would feel sad and lonely in this world because all of her own generation has passed away. It is not so with this mother: she has adapted herself to the times, and she takes as much interest in the church to-day as she did half a century ago. With her age and experience she is able to accomplish a great work. She can tell of the trials and tribulations of her church in its infancy, and she can also tell how the Lord has ever brought His people through all difficulties. She can say that " her eyes -36- have seen the salvation of the Lord." She is a woman " strong in faith, fervent in spirit, serving the Lord."

ELIZABETH COLE.

Elizabeth Cole was the daughter of Charles and Elizabeth Green. She was born in Burlington, N. J., June 6, 1793, and departed this life July 19, 1881, aged 88. She was born of Chris­ tian parents, was converted in childhood, and joined the church. After her marriage to William Cole she came to Philadelphia; where she joined Bethel A. M. E. church, and remained a mem­ ber for the period of fifty-nine years. She first became a member of " Father Murray's" class; afterwards becoming a member of various classes, viz., Joseph Corr's, William Accoo's, Perry Mitchell's, and George W. Custis's. Brother Custis was her last leader. She was a member of the band forty-nine years. She lived forty years at No. 235 Currant Alley, where she held many glorious prayer-meetings, and many souls were brought to the saving knowledge of the truth. Among the many, Brother Alfred Lawrence was converted. Elizabeth Cole raised a family of four children, but they are all dead. There is one granddaughter, the last of her family on earth, viz., Mrs. Elizabeth Matthews. Sister Matthews is a member of the same church and class. Elizabeth Cole -was an inmate of the " Old Folk's Home" for seven years. She was noted for her Christian character and influence, both at the " Home" and also before she went there. She was great in counsel and comfort to those who might seek her in their troubles. She now rests from her labors, and her works will follow her.

REBECCA SIMPSON,

A member of the Union A. M. E. church, Fairmount Avenue, below Fifth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. She died in the faith Sister Rebecca Simpson, late wife of Charles Simpson, after a long and tedious illness, yet suddenly departed this life October 24th, aged 69 years and 2 months. She was born in Columbia, S. C, August, 1812, and the third child of Cynthia Halston, who was the mother of thirteen children. She was connected with old Judge Gaillard's family. After the war of 1812 the family moved to Charleston, S C, where she remained until she came North. About 25 years of age she embraced the religion of Jesus Christ, and on the first Friday in August, 1837, she joined the M. E. Church, South. Coming to Philadalphia, Pa., she deposited her ticket of membership in Bethel A. M. E. church, Sixth Street below Pine, under the pastoral charge of the late Rev. Richard Williams, her class-leader being the late Shepherd Gibbs. After a lapse of time she removed to Princeton, N. J., and there it was an acquaintance was formed with Charles Simpson, which ripened into matrimony, April 4, 1850. In returning to the city of Philadelphia, Pa., she connected herself with the Union A. M« E. church, under the late Rev. Willis Nazery. She was a worthy and acceptable member of the church, being zealous with wisdom for the cause of Christ, and whenever health permitted was always found attending on all the ordinances of the church. Her afflic­ tion was very great, and she suffered much until death ended her career. But as she neared the shore of time and viewed the land­ scape o'er, she grew stronger in the faith. I have been personally acquainted with the deceased and fam­ ily for nineteen years, and found her a person of honest convictions, so much so that whatever she put her hands to the imprint of her convictions could be seen on it. Her character was unblemished and spotless before the world. She was one of the founders of the " Parent's Home and Foreign Mite Missionary Society," which was organized in her house. The last time she attended the session of the Missionary Society, in the Episcopal room, No. 631 Pine Street, she said it would be the last time she would meet them. Her remarks were very im­ pressively made on those present. During her sickness at times -38-

the family would assemble at her bedside by her request and sing some of the songs of Zion. She would become so enraptured by the singing that she would for a time lose sight of her sufferings in praising God. Her pastor, at the time of her death, was the Rev. John W. Beckett, and class-leader Brother Jeremiah K. Miller. She was a living exponent in the church, societies of which she was a member, and her own household. She has gone from labor to reward, and her works shall follow her.

MARY HUGOS.

The subject of this sketch is a mother who has almost finished her work. She came to Philadelphia in 1812, and shortly after joined Bethel church, but, to use her own words, we must call it the " Old Blacksmith-Shop." She speaks of the old church with pride, and it is both pleasant and interesting to hear her relate the story of the days of yore. She is fully acquainted with the struggles of Bethel in the early days of African Methodism. She has been with the church through all of its conflicts, and to-day finds Mother Mary Huggs strong in faith but feeble in body. Mother Shepherd and Mother Huggs make the connecting link with the past and present among the women of Bethel. There may be others, but they are unknown to us.

ELYMUS JOHNSON.

This brother was born on the Eastern Shore of Maryland in 1800. He lived in the city of Baltimore a short time, and came to Philadelphia about the year 1829. The time of his conversion and joining the church is not exactly known. He became better known by organizing a singing-school. This was done before a regular choir was allowed in Bethel. He labored hard for the success of the organization, being a lover of music, and was con­ sidered one of the best teachers of vocal music in his day. He -39- met with some opposition, but was one of those persons who was not easily discouraged in a good cause. He finally succeeded in training his singers, and has the honor of being the founder of the first choir of Bethel church ; this was during the administration of Bishop Brown (the first). He was an exemplary Christian, and by no means a drone in the hive. He was active, earnest, and sincere. Brother Johnson also filled the office of class-leader and trustee. He was a man much loved by the church and community. When the time of his departure from this earth came, he was found ready and waiting for his reward. He was walking the floor about five minutes before his death, singing "On Jordan's stormy banks I stand," etc. His mother-in-law said to him, " You are dying." He said, " Is this death ? If this be death, I will lie down and die." He immediatedly laid down and adjusted himself, and calmly passed over the river. Surely he was stand­ ing on Jordan's bank, but knew it not. He died Feb. 15, 1861, in the 61st year of his age.

This statement is given by his faithful widow, now living, and others whose gracious privilege it was to see this good man die. The gi-ain of corn planted upon the mountain of God's holiness has flourished in the courts of his sanctuary. The work of the choir has been carried on by his successors, viz., Henry Gordon, Lewis R. Seymour, Hans Shadd, James Edward Masten, and the present leader, Daniel W. Parvis. P. S.—Since writing the above sketch we have learned the fol­ lowing facts concerning Brother Elymus Johnson: He was converted in the city of Baltimore, Md., a short time before he came to Philadelphia. He gained some knowledge of music in Baltimore, and, on coming to Philadelphia, he soon saw the con­ dition of things, and immediately called around him those who had a taste for music. This was during the lifetime of Bishop Allen. Bishop Allen, who was ill at this time (which proved to be his last illness), said that when he recovered he would estab­ lish the choir in the church. We have stated that the bishop did -40-

not live to see his project carried out. At the dedi cation of the pres­ ent Bethel the choir took its regular position in the church, and furnished music for that occasion. This testimony is given by Brother Johnson's most intimate friend, Lewis R. Seymour.

The following names belong to the illustrious roll of honor and blessed dead of Bethel, viz.:—

Abraham Morton, Peter Burton, Father Bracey, Amelia Brooks, Father Marcus Brown, and Robert Wilson. We would like to give some account of each of these members separately, but have failed to come across the desired information. We believe that there are scores of worthy members of " Old Bethel" who have passed to the better land whose Christian character and noble deeds are as worthy to be mentioned as any whom we have sketched, but we have not been able to eet a true account of their works and labor of love. There are thirty-one precious jewels, members of Bethel, in the " Home for Aged and Infirm Colored Persons" waiting to be gathered home to their Heavenly mansion. We also mention the following members who have finished their course and have gone to rest: Shadrach Basset, local preacher; Joseph Corr, local preacher and first book steward; Abraham Fields, a staunch member of Bethel and progressive man. He was a trustee, steward, and class-leader, and was loved and re­ spected by the church and community. Alexander Davis, known as the "Sweet Singer of Israel,"—also a preacher; Catharine Fletcher and Hester Duncan ; David Ware, local Deacon, trustee, aud steward, a prominent member, and considered " one of the ablest men of his day; John Cisco, a man of great influence, who worked hard for the enlargement of the church-grounds. He bought the land in the rear of the church for $500, selling it to the trustees for the same. It is said that he was not fairly treated ; yet he trusted in God, knowing that time would bring all things right. He has gone to his reward, where he will receive tenfold from the Master. -41-

We must also make mention of Sister Sarah Carter, who worked nobly for the cause of Christ and his kingdom; also, Mary Peter­ son and Sarah Boggs, who were shining lights in their day and generation. These mothers in Israel may have been forgotten by a great many, yet there are a few who bear testimony to their works, which still follow them. It is impossible to mention all of the fallen heroes of Bethel, but their record is on high. They have not lost their reward, but are now happy in the kingdom. They rest from their labors, and now at peace. We now take this opportunity to thank the dear brothers and sisters for their kind­ ness in giving us facts which have greatly aided us in our effort. Our information has been gleaned from those who have a personal knowledge of the persons and affairs of which we have spoken.

We merely make mention of the name of Wealthy Dorsey, who was a very exemplary Christian and a member of Bethel. We refer the friends to a very complete sketch of her life, written by Rev. L. J. Coppin, who was her pastor when she died.

RECORD OF THE BISHOPS AND GENERAL OFFICERS OF THE

A. M. E. CHURCH.

*Rev. Richard Allen, ordained bishop April 11, 1816. *Morris Brown, Ujr 26, 1828. *Edward Waters, " II 15, 1836. *Wm. Paul Quinn, II 19, 1844. *Willis Nazery, " H 13, 1852. Daniel A. Payne, " (I 13, 1852. A. W. Wayman, " it 23, 1864. J. P. Champbell, " U 23, 1864. James A. Shorter, " 11 25, 1868. *Dead. 42

Thomas M. D. Ward, ordained bishop, May 25, 1868. John M. Brown, " " 25, 1868. Henry M. Turner, " " 20, 1880. William F. Dickerson, " " 20, 1880. Richard H. Cain, " " 20,1880.

General Business Manager, Rev. Theodore Gould, Philadelphia, Pa.; Financial Secretary, Rev. B. W. Arnett, Nashville, Tenn., Agent of P. H. F. M. S., Rev. J. M. Townsend, Richmond, Ind. Commissioner of Education, Rev. B. F. Watson.

The sketches herewith presented are not what I would have them to be in point of style or completeness. The arduous labors of the pastorate has prevented that close attention which the character of the papers require, yet I doubt not but that their perusal will be profitable to such as take time to examine them. I must acknowledge invaluable services rendered me in this work by Brother George Washington Parke Custis, in directing me to sources of information. He was born in Accomac Couuty, Va., Oct. 15, 1820, and came to Philadelphia when about six years of age. He remembers landing at Pine Street wharf. His parents names are Lewis and Sarah Custis. His mother was a religious woman. His father professed faith in Christ during his last illness. Brother Custis has for thirty-six years hon­ ored and been honored with a class leadership, and says he "would have the life-labors of every worthy member of Bethel church handed down from generation to generation, that the children might know of the good and noble deeds of their parents." We cannot estimate the value of biographical sketches of good men and women. They exert a wholesome moral influence on our life and conduct, and thus strengthen and instruct us. There is nothing so powerful as the example of true Christian men and women. The actual facts are presented immediately before our eyes as shining lights guiding us in the ways of righteousness and truth. With Brother Custis, we would leave these waymarks to guide our children to the haven of calm repose. The light has come to this generation to make their lives more brilliant and powerful than their parents, who " came up through blood and tears."

The writer of these GLEANINGS makes no pretention to literary merit, but hope3 his imperfect effort will arouse some one to write a more perfect history of the founders and workers of Bethel church, the cradle of the African M. E. Church.

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