DOCSLIB.ORG

The Economics of Reclamation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Economics of Reclamation VISITVISIT USUS ONON THETHE WEB!WEB! FindFind more more inspiring spotlights stories at at greenhvacrmag.comgreenhvacrmag.com Up Close Behind the Scenes with the Industry’s Leading Innovators The best replacement for R-22 is reclai m ed R-22, according to the experts at Hudson Technologies Co m p any. over Antarctica) and allowing harmful ultra- U.S. and most other developed countries in Rogers Supply Company in Illinois. She The process Zugibe developed a quar- violet radiation to reach humans and other 2020. So where does that leave owners of shares that the per-pound prices have ranged ter-century ago is fundamentally the same life back on the ground. legacy coolers, those designed to run with the from $5.50 in 2015 to $11 in 2016–2017, as what’s used today, and it’s still the fast- The phasing out of CFCs is widely cred- greatest energy efficiency on R-22? then back down to $7 in 2018. “Some people est, most efficient reclamation equipment ited as an effective global effort to repair the The economic and environmental equation worry that R-22 will run out in the future. in the world, able to reclaim every type of ozone hole. In place of CFCs came other is not lost on Hudson. The company’s tech- But we tell them if their equipment is in good refrigerant on the market. And with mil- technologies (HCFCs and HFCs), and in nologies and services—as delivered through shape to stick with the reclaimed product.” lions poured into further research and de- particular HCFC-22, otherwise referred to wholesalers and HVAC contractors—enable People like Lampton are on the front lines velopment, Hudson Technologies can also as R-22. reclamation of existing R-22 refrigerants. of this information battle about refrigerants. certify that reclaimed gases meet standards “The best replacement for R-22 is re- She distributes newsletters and posters to set by the AHRI. Hudson also provides en- A Faster, More Efficient Way to claimed R-22,” says Chuck Harkins, vice contractors and dealers to educate them on ergy consulting and design services across the Reclaim Refrigerants president of sales and marketing at Hudson. such things as regulatory requirements, pro- globe, offering such things as web-based fault Zugibe, who describes himself an entrepre- “Systems designed for R-22 operate most ef- hibitions on venting, and the rules for refrig- detection, diagnostics, and optimization for neur-engineer, devised a system for extract- ficiently on R-22, and since reclaimed R-22 erator disposal. One such poster reminded chilled water plants. ing, cleaning, and reclaiming used refriger- meets or exceeds the same purity standard, technicians that compliance with EPA rules This private-public collaboration is hardly ants in anticipation of the 1992 legislation. it is the best alternative.” on refrigerant reclamation reduces the annu- unusual, and it speaks to the interconnected- f business schools are teaching The equipment of that time, which distilled al metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent ness of many players in the refrigerants-en- about environmental econom- gases as a means to remove impurities, was Supply-Demand Dynamics (MTCO2e) by 7.3 million, about what is vironment-economics equation. For Zugibe, ics, they should study the case slow and required a lot of energy. Owners of coolers that run on R-22 may or produced by 1.5 million cars. the entrepreneur-engineer, that’s consistent histories of coolers, chillers, “I wanted a much faster, energy-efficient, may not be motivated by the environmen- with his mission. I Alignment Equals Fewer GHGs I and other refrigeration tech- single-plate distillation mechanism,” he tal imperative to cease using it. But supply “Our business has always been built on nologies. And not just the equipment that says. So he built one himself, which today limits have effectively raised prices, provid- The reclamation process can be operation- the environmental cause,” he says. “If people sits on building roofs or next to food storage is still the fastest, most efficient reclamation ing economic incentives in a value chain of ally efficient to perform even onsite at large continue to use R-22 without venting it, we facilities. A central part of the equation is machine in the world. customers, HVAC con- buildings or facilities. It’s analogous to kid- can achieve a zero global warming goal and refrigerant gases. That same machine tractors, and Hudson ney dialysis in that the building chillers can buildings can keep using their equipment Few know this better than one of the lead- (affectionately referred Technologies to cap- continue operating while the refrigerant is running at their optimal efficiency. Why ing companies in the refrigerants business— to in the industry as The Scope ture, clean, and resell diverted to the Zugibeast® cleaning process. make new molecules when you can reclaim Hudson Technologies, based in Pearl River, “the Zugibeast®”) is es- the refrigerant. “We can clean very fast on-site,” Zugibe says. what’s already in use?” New York, with operating facilities through- sentially how the com- Another curveball REFRIGERANTS: out the U.S. and Puerto Rico. The company’s pany cleans refrigerant to the refrigerant eco- founder, CEO and Chairman of the Board gases today. nomic landscape came Kevin Zugibe, has been addressing environ- As those newer re- in 2013 when the EPA mental concerns with refrigerants since the frigerant technologies surprisingly allowed Hudson can THE ECONOMICS late 1980s, when the words “ozone hole” first evolved, Hudson rec- 7.3Compliance M with an increase in R-22 reclaim entered the public discourse. lamation services were production, effective- every EPA rules on refrigerant “The amendment to the Clean Air Act on capable of recovery, ly lowering the price, type of reclamation reduces refrigerant OF RECLAMATION ozone meant there would be no more vent- reclamation, and reuse which reduced reclama- on the ing of CFCs after 1992,” says Zugibe, who of all, including R-22. the annual metric tons tion and likely increased market. The succession of gases implicated in ozone was a professional mechanical engineer with But this is where the of carbon dioxide venting. “A glut in the hole depletion and global warming has been experience designing and installing air con- environmental eco- equivalent (MTCO2e) market that was already dizzying. But reclamation by way of Hudson ditioning systems prior to then. That venting nomics class on refrig- by 7.3 million. oversupplied with vir- Technologies prevents harm by incentivizing was of the most common refrigerant of the eration technologies gin R-22 eliminated contractors to quit venting. time, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); after a takes a twist. R-22 is the economic incentive period of service most refrigerant gases were capable of some degree for proper refrigerant simply disposed of into the atmosphere. of ozone depletion and, to a greater degree, management and reclamation,” Harkins says. By Russ Klettke Relatively harmless to life on the ground, it’s a global-warming greenhouse gas. Air That oversupply has since settled out, but the chlorine in the organic compound rose conditioning units manufactured prior to it’s common for end-users to be confused by a dozen or more miles into the stratosphere, 2010 run with optimal efficiency on R-22. the changes in technologies and EPA regu- where it interacted with the ozone layer of So R-22 is being phased out, per the EPA. lations. “Price fluctuations have been wild,” the earth’s atmosphere, destroying it (largely COURTESYPHOTO: OF HUDSON TECHNOLOGIES COMPANY COURTESYPHOTOS: OF HUDSON TECHNOLOGIES COMPANY Production and importation will cease in the says Leah Lampton, marketing manager for 18 JUNE/JULY 2018 greenhvacrmag.com green HVACR JUNE/JULY 2018 19.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • AHRI Project 8018 Final Report
    AHRI Project 8018 Final Report Review of Refrigerant Management Programs Prepared for: Navigant Consulting, Inc. 77 South Bedford St. Suite 400 Burlington, MA 01803 781.270.0101 navigant.com Reference No.: 180019 January 2016 © 2016 AHRI. Table of Contents Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions ....................................................................... vii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 1 Research Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Program Effectiveness ................................................................................................................................... 4 Best Practices .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Recommendations ......................................................................................................................................... 7 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................. 10 1.2 Objective .................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • GEF Impact Evaluation of the Phase-Out of Ozone-Depleting Substances in Countries with Economies in Transition
    65338 v2 GEF Evaluation Office GEF IMPACT EVALUATION Public Disclosure Authorized GEF IMPACT EVALUATION Public Disclosure Authorized Impact Evaluation Information Document No. 18 GEF Impact Evaluation of the Phase-Out of Ozone-Depleting Substances in Countries with Economies in Transition. Volume Two: Country Reports Public Disclosure Authorized October 2009 Public Disclosure Authorized This paper is an input into the GEF Evaluation Office (GEF EO) program of Impact Evaluation. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of GEF Evaluation Office, the GEF Council, or the Governments they represent. The papers in the Impact Evaluation information document series are: 1. Approach Paper to GEF Impact Evaluation – Brann and Todd 2. Final Report on Proposed Approach to GEF Impact Evaluation - Foundations of Success 3. GEF Biodiversity Policy Review - Foundations of Success 4. Methodological Challenges in Impact Evaluation: The Case of the Global Environment Facility – Todd and Vaessen 5. Priorities and indicators for Global Environment Benefits from Biodiversity: The current international architecture – Nair 6. Case Study Methodology – Conservation Development Centre 7. Case Study: Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park Conservation Project - Conservation Development Centre 8. Case Study: Lewa Wildlife Conservancy – Conservation Development Centre 9. Case Study: Reducing Biodiversity Loss at Cross-Border Sites in East Africa Conservation Development Centre 10. Impacts of Creation and Implementation of National Parks and of Support to Batwa on their Livelihoods, Well-Being and Use of Forest Products – Namara 11. Protected Areas and Avoided Deforestation: A Statistical Evaluation – Andam, Ferraro, Pfaff and Sanchez-Azofeifa 12.
    [Show full text]
  • Refrigerant Management Program
    BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE MANUAL 32-7089 SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE 4 NOVEMBER 2016 Civil Engineering REFRIGERANT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY ACCESSIBILITY: Publications and forms are available for downloading or ordering on the e-Publishing website at www.e-Publishing.af.mil. RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication. OPR: AF/A4CF Certified by: HQ USAF/A4C (Maj Gen Timothy Green) Supersedes: AFPAM 32-7089, 14 June 2013 Pages: 51 This manual implements Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 32-10, Installations and Facilities, and Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 82, Protection of Stratospheric Ozone. It describes the Air Force policy for managing refrigerants used in real property equipment and does not apply to refrigerants used in motor vehicle air conditioning (MVAC) or aircraft refrigeration systems. This manual applies to all Air Force Active, Reserve, Guard, civilian and contractor personnel who develop, acquire, deliver, use, operate, or manage refrigerants used in Air Force real property equipment. Direct questions, comments, recommended changes, or conflicts to this manual through command channels, using the AF Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication, through the appropriate functional chain of command. The authorities to waive wing/unit level requirements in this publication are identified with a Tier (“T-0, T-1, T- 2, T-3”) number following the compliance statement. See AFI 33-360, Publications and Forms Management, Table 1.1, for a description of the authorities associated with the Tier numbers. Submit requests for waivers through the chain of command to the appropriate Tier waiver approval authority, or alternately, to the publication OPR for non-tiered compliance items.
    [Show full text]
  • IN the UNITED STATES COURT of APPEALS for the DISTRICT of COLUMBIA CIRCUIT NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL, INC., Petitioner
    IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL, INC., Petitioner, v. Case No. _______ ANDREW WHEELER, Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondents. PETITION FOR REVIEW of a final rule of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Pursuant to Clean Air Act § 307(b)(1), 42 U.S.C. § 7607(b)(1), Rule 15 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, and D.C. Circuit Rule 15, the Natural Resources Defense Council hereby petitions the Court for review of the final rule of Respondents Andrew Wheeler, Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and EPA, titled “Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Revisions to the Refrigerant Management Program’s Extension to Substitutes.” This rule was published in the Federal Register at 85 Fed. Reg. 14,150 on March 11, 2020. A copy of the rule is attached as Exhibit A. Dated: May 11, 2020 Respectfully submitted, /s/ Melissa J. Lynch Melissa J. Lynch David D. Doniger Natural Resources Defense Council 1152 15th Street NW, Ste. 300 Washington, DC 20005 Telephone: (202) 289-6868 [email protected] [email protected] Sarah C. Tallman Natural Resources Defense Council 20 N. Wacker Dr., Ste. 1600 Chicago, IL 60606 Telephone: (312) 651-7918 [email protected] Counsel for Petitioner Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. 2 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL, INC., Petitioner, v. Case No. _______ ANDREW WHEELER, Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondents.
    [Show full text]
  • Mergers, Acquisitions, Name Changes
    MERGERS, ACQUISITIONS, NAME CHANGES 575 Mergers, Acquisitions, Name Changes Looking for a manufacturing company that doesn’t seem to be listed in this 2009 Directory Issue? If you can’t find it in the Manufacturers Alphabetic Listings, then one of several things may have happened. The company could have dropped out of the hvacr industry — ceased to operate altogether, or just stopped making hvacr products; or the company may have changed owners and it is now a part of another corpo- rate identity. In either case, this listing may help. Following are the names of hundreds of manufacturers and their brand names that were found in previous editions of the Directory Issue. Many of these companies continue to exist, but are now known under different names. To find the new identity, just look up the old name in this alphabetic listing. If no information is available, we simply provide the last year the company was listed in the Directory Issue. This listing represents our best efforts at tracking the manufacturer-members of the hvacr community. If we have erred or provided incomplete information, we apologize and hope that you will set us straight. Contact The News Editorial Department at P.O. Box 2600, Troy, Mich. 48007. A Adelta Mfg Co., Inc., Philadelphia AAF-McQuay Inc., Dallas Last listed in 1971. As part of a corporate reorganization in 1994, SnyderGeneral Corp. was given this new name and Advance Systems Inc., Lewiston, Maine was divided into two major companies — McQuay The company was sold to Erie Manufacturing Co. International and AAF International.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposed Rule: Protection of Stratospheric Ozone
    The EPA Administrator, Gina McCarthy, signed the following proposed rule on October 15, 2015, and EPA is submitting it for publication in the Federal Register (FR). While we have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this Internet version of the rule, it is not the official version of the rule for purposes of public comment. Please refer to the official version in a forthcoming FR publication, which will appear on the Government Printing Office's FDsys website (http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/search/home.action) and on Regulations.gov (http://www.regulations.gov) in Docket No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2015-0453. Once the official version of this document is published in the FR, this version will be removed from the Internet and replaced with a link to the official version. This document is a prepublication version, signed by the EPA Administrator, Gina McCarthy, on October 15, 2015. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version. 6560-50-P ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 82 [EPA-HQ-OAR-2015-0453; FRL-9933-48-OAR] RIN: 2060-AS51 Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Update to the Refrigerant Management Requirements under the Clean Air Act AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: The Clean Air Act prohibits the knowing release of ozone-depleting and substitute refrigerants during the course of maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of appliances or industrial process refrigeration. The existing regulations require that persons servicing or disposing of air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment observe certain service practices that reduce emissions of ozone-depleting refrigerant.
    [Show full text]
  • Geyser C-Series 2019
    Geyser C-Series 2019 The Nyle Systems Geyser C-Series product line is a High Efficiency Air-to-Water or Water-to Water Heat Pump Water Heating System. Heat Pump Water Heaters provide the most efficient way to heat water , drawing energy from the ambient air or available source water and thereby saving up to 75% in costs when compared to electric water heaters. Upon using the air source models, air surrounding the C-Series is cooled and dehumidified, which can be ducted to an alternate location, while heating potable water. In utilizing the water source models, we are cooling source water on one side while heating potable water on the other. We are reducing air conditioning load as well as reducing heating costs. The C-Series are designed and manufactured in our state How does the GEYSER C-Series work? of the art facility located in Brewer, Maine. These units use various options to meet your application needs. They are The Geyser Heat Pump Water Heater captures heat and suitable for drinking water applications with the standard humidity from the surrounding air, or heat from source double wall heat exchanger. water, and transfers that heat energy into a storage tank. In basic terms, Heat Pump Water Heaters move Energy Efficiency heat from where it is not needed, to where it is desired. Performance is expressed in Coefficient of Performance The Geyser C-Series provides low cost water heating (COP). In typical installations, the Geyser C-Series and supplemental cooling that can be directed where achieve COP’s ranging from 3-5.
    [Show full text]
  • Freon™ 123 PUSH Bulletin
    Freon™ 123 Refrigerant (R-123) Properties, Uses, Storage, and Handling Freon™ 123 Refrigerant Table of Contents Shipping, Storage, and Handling ......................................16 Shipping Containers in the United States ..............................16 Introduction ...........................................................................3 Bulk Storage Systems ..........................................................................16 Background .......................................................................................................... 3 Storage, Handling, and Use Recommendations .................16 Freon™ 123—An Environmentally Acceptable Prohibited Uses ...................................................................................16 Alternative ....................................................................................................... 3 Personal Protective Equipment ................................................17 Uses .......................................................................................3 Storage ......................................................................................................17 Refrigerant ...................................................................................................... 4 Handling ....................................................................................................17 Heat-Transfer Fluid ....................................................................................4 Charging, Maintenance, and Sampling .................................18
    [Show full text]
  • HFC Proposed Second 15-Day Changes Notice
    State of California Air Resources Board Second Notice of Public Availability of Modified Text and Availability of Additional Documents Proposed Amendments to the Prohibitions on Use of Certain Hydrofluorocarbons in Stationary Refrigeration, Chillers, Aerosols-Propellants, and Foam End-Uses Regulation Public Hearing Date: December 10, 2020 Public Availability Date: August 3, 2021 Deadline for Public Comment: August 18, 2021 At its December 10, 2020, public hearing, the California Air Resources Board (CARB or Board) approved for adoption the proposed amendments to sections 95371, 95372, 95373, 95374, 95375, 95376, 95377, 95378, and added section 95379 Article 4, Subarticle 5, Chapter 1, Division 3, Title 17, California Code of Regulations, which prohibits certain substances in refrigeration, air-conditioning (AC), chillers, cold storage, aerosols-propellants, and foam end-uses to reduce high-global warming hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) emissions and support California’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction goals. In Resolution 20-37, the Board recognized the importance of near-term actions to reduce GHGs, including HFCs, by ensuring successful and orderly transition to lower global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants, which is necessary to reduce the impacts of climate change, and meet California’s legal mandate to reduce HFC emissions by 40 percent below 2013 levels by 2030, as identified in section 39730.5 of the Health and Safety Code. The Board, therefore, approved the adoption of the proposed amendments and found that an additional compliance pathway for AC manufacturers was appropriate.1 The Board directed the Executive Officer to determine if additional conforming modifications to the regulation were appropriate and to make any proposed modified regulatory language available for public comment, with any additional supporting 1 See State of California, Air Resources Board, Board Hearing Transcript, December 10, 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Freon™ 407C and 407A Properties, Uses, Storage, and Handling
    Freon™ 407C and 407A Refrigerants (R-407C and R-407A) Properties, Uses, Storage, and Handling Freon™ Refrigerants Table of Contents Introduction ...........................................................................4 Air Monitors and Leak Detection ...................................... 16 Freon™ 407C and Freon™ 407A Refrigerant Types of Detectors .................................................................................16 Descriptions ................................................................................................... 4 Nonselective Detectors .................................................................16 Uses ......................................................................................4 Halogen-Selective Detectors ....................................................16 Physical Properties ...............................................................4 Compound-Specific Detectors .................................................16 Fluorescent Additives .....................................................................16 Chemical/Thermal Stability .............................................. 10 Stability with Metals .............................................................................10 Storage and Handling ........................................................ 17 Thermal Decomposition......................................................................11 Shipping Containers in the United States ..............................17 Compatibility Concerns If HCFC-22 and Freon™ Bulk Storage
    [Show full text]
  • Low Pressure Refrigerant Reclamation Systems
    http://www.siqinc.com/hvacr-manufacturing/refrigerant-reclamation/low-pressure-refrigerant-reclamation-systems/ PG 1 of 1 Low Pressure Refrigerant Reclamation Systems This system addresses the needs of commercial system manufacturers looking to reclaim the large volume, low pressure refrigerant charges from their chillers and roof top products. Our turnkey system initiates the process with an inlet tank to consolidate and convert refrigerant into vapor phase. Refrigerant then flows to the automatic processing station that removes particulates, oil, non condensible gasses and moisture. Refrigerant is processed to reclaimed quality specifications before being pumped to the storage tank for testing and re-use. The world’s largest chiller and commercial HVAC system manufacturers depend on this system to reclaim their low pressure refrigerant charges from repair areas, test areas, and laboratory units. Low Pressure Reclaimed Inlet Evaporator Tank Product Detail Refrigerant Holding Tank STANDARD FEATURES: PRODUCT OPTIONS: DIMENSIONS: • Automatic operation • Back-up compressor 74″H x 60”W x 72”D • Refrigerant reclamation to ARI-700 • Air cooled or water cooled condensing unit UTILITY REQUIREMENTS: • Pressure blower for compression of refrigerant • Process R-11, HCFO-1233ZD, or other Electric: 480V, 3Ø, 60A low pressure refrigerants • Oil separation and automatic drain Air: 100 psig shop air • Scalable for various recovery rates • High capacity desiccant driers Water: City water or chilled water supply • Reclaimed refrigerant moisture indicator (water-cooled systems only) • Automatic air/non-condensable removal • Onboard, electric transfer pump • Allen Bradley PLC control and Operator Interface • Warning light fault indicator • Panel mounted hour meter • Reclaimed refrigerant totalizing meter Serv-I-Quip, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Protection Agency Pt. 82, Subpt. B, App. B
    Environmental Protection Agency Pt. 82, Subpt. B, App. B 5.5 If the container pressure is less than Application the Table 1 values and has been recycled, limits of noncondensable gases (air) have not During service of mobile air-conditioning been exceeded and the refrigerant may be systems, containment of the refrigerant is used. important. This procedure provides service guidelines for technicians when repairing ve- 5.6 If the pressure is greater than the hicles and operating equipment defined in range and the container contains recycled SAE J1990. material, slowly vent from the top of the container a small amount of vapor into the Committee Composition recycle equipment until the pressure is less than the pressure shown on Table 1. Developed by the SAE Defrost and Interior 5.7 If the container still exceeds the pres- Climate Control Standards Committee sure shown on Table 1, the entire contents of the container shall be recycled. W.J. Atkinson, Sun Test Engineering, Para- dise Valley, AZ—Chairman 6. Containers for Storage of Recycled J.J. Amin, Union Lake, MI Refrigerant H.S. Andersson, Saab Scania, Sweden 6.1 Recycled refrigerant should not be P.E. Anglin, ITT Higbie Mfg. Co., Rochester, salvaged or stored in disposable refrigerant MI containers. This is the type of container in R.W. Bishop, GMC, Lockport, NY which virgin refrigerant is sold. Use only D.Hawks, General Motors Corporation, Pon- DOT CFR title 49 or UL approved storage tiac, MI containers for recycled refrigerant. J.J. Hernandez, NAVISTAR, Ft. Wayne, IN 6.2 Any container of recycled refrigerant H.
    [Show full text]