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Guía De Moluscos.Indd Guía de campo Moluscos Acuáticos de la Cuenca del Ebro GOBIERNO MINISTERIO DE ESPAÑA DE AGRICULTURA, ALIMENTACIÓN Y MEDIO AMBIENTE Edita y coordina: Confederación Hidrográfi ca del Ebro. Dirigido por: Concha Durán Lalaguna y Antonia Anadón Marco (Calidad de Aguas, Confederación Hidrográfi ca del Ebro). Realizado por: Ramón Manuel Álvarez Halcón (Sociedad Española de Malacología), Javier Oscoz Escudero (Departa- mento de Zoología y Ecología de la Universidad de Navarra) y Mariano Luis Larraz Azcárate (Universidad de Navarra). Con la colaboración experta en: Gastropoda (Ampullariidae) por Miquel Ángel López Robles (Forestal Catalana, S.A.); Gastropoda (Rissooidea) por María Ángeles Ramos Sánchez y Diana Delicado Iglesias (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC); Gastropoda (Moitessieriidae) y moluscos de Cataluña por David M. Alba, Jordi Corbella Alonso, Glòria Guillén Mestre, Lluís Prats Pi y Antoni Tarruella Ruestes (Grup de Malacofauna Continental de Catalunya- Molluscat, Associació Catalana de Malacologia); Gastropoda (Cerithioidea y Heterobranchia) por Alberto Martínez-Ortí (Departamento de Zoología de la Universitat de València y Museu Valencià d’Història Natural); y Bivalvia por Rafael Araujo Armero (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC). Figuras © de: Javier Oscoz (pp.: 16b, 40, 68, 71-74, 82b, 88b y 120); Rafael Araujo (pp.: 124-126, 128-129 y 131-136); Alberto Martínez-Ortí (pp.: 24b, 25d, 60b, 83 y 84b); Molluscat (pp.: 41, 51, 59, 62-66, 70, 76 y 102); Diana Delicado (pp.: 35b, 36b, 55-56 y 57c ); Miquel A. López (pp.: 20a y 44); Berta de la Iglesia del Valle (Paleoymás, S.L.) (pp.: 12, 48-49 [a partir de Boeters, 2003, Basteria, 67] y 108); Munia Lanao Maldonado (p.: 122a); Antonio López Alabau (pp.: 16a, 24a, 80, 84a, 88a, 92a, 94 y 105); Diego Moreno Lampreave (pp.: 122b, 127 y 130); Rodrigo Pérez Grijalvo (p.: 93); Vicente Ribarrocha García (p.: 92b); Juan C. Velasco Marcos (p.: 25b-c); Arconada y Ramos, 2006, Malacologia, 48(1-2) (pp.: 52-53); Arconada et al., 2007, Basteria 71(4-6) (pp.: 46-47); Bragado et al., 2010 (pp.: 46- 47 y 103); López Soriano et al., 2009, Spira, 3(1-2) (p.: 20b); MNCN-CSIC (p.: 96); Ramos et al., 2000, Malacologia, 42(1-2) (p.: 54); Rolán y Oliveira, 2009, Iberus, 27(1) (p.: 50); Soler et al., 2006, Graellsia, 62 (pp.: 81, 97-100 y 104); y Ramón Álvarez (resto de fi guras). Revisado por: Concha Durán Lalaguna (CHE), Munia Lanao Maldonado (CHE) y Cristóbal Rubio Millán (Paleoymás, S.L.). Diseño: Virtual&Civán D.L.: Z-4.258-2011 1ª Edición Enero de 2012 Índice Introducción ......................... 7 Familia Bithyniidae ................. 37 Bithynia tentaculata ................. 40 Sinopsis sistemática ................... 9 Bithynia leachii .................... 41 Esquema de las Fichas ................. 10 Familia Hydrobiidae ................. 43 Clase Gastropoda ..................... 11 Alzoniella elliptica .................. 46 Alzoniella iberopyrenaica ............. 47 Familia Neritidae.................... 13 Alzoniella murita ................... 48 Theodoxus fl uviatilis ................ 16 Plesiella navarrensis ................ 49 Familia Ampullariidae ............... 17 Belgrandia boscae ................. 50 Pomacea insularum ................ 20 Guadiella ballesterosi ............... 51 Familia Melanopsidae ............... 21 Islamia ateni ...................... 52 Melanopsis tricarinata dufouri ......... 24 Islamia globulus ................... 53 Melanopsis penchinati .............. 25 Tarraconia rolani ................... 54 Familia Thiaridae ................... 27 Mercuria emiliana .................. 55 Melanoides tuberculatus ............. 30 Pseudamnicola hinzi ................ 56 Familia Amnicolidae ................ 31 Pseudamnicola navasiana ............ 57 Bythinella reyniesii ................. 34 Pseudamnicola subproducta .......... 58 Bythinella batalleri .................. 35 Ecrobia vitrea ..................... 59 Bythinella sp. ..................... 36 Potamopyrgus antipodarum ........... 60 Familia Moitessieriidae .............. 61 Anisus leucostoma ................. 96 Moitessieria spp. .................. 64 Gyraulus albus .................... 97 Spiralix spp. ...................... 65 Gyraulus laevis .................... 98 Palaospeum hispanicum hispanicum .... 66 Gyraulus crista .................... 99 Gyraulus chinensis ................. 100 Familia Valvatidae .................. 67 Planorbis planorbis ................. 101 Valvata cristata .................... 70 Planorbis carinatus ................. 102 Valvata piscinalis .................. 71 Segmentina nitida .................. 103 Familia Acroloxidae ................. 73 Hippeutis complanatus .............. 104 Acroloxus lacustris ................. 76 Planorbella duryi ................... 105 Familia Lymnaeidae ................. 77 Galba truncatula ................... 80 Clase Bivalvia ....................... 107 Radix auricularia ................... 81 Familia Margaritiferidae .............. 109 Radix balthica ..................... 82 Margaritifera auricularia .............. 112 Stagnicola fuscus .................. 83 Familia Unioidae ................... 113 Stagnicola palustris ................ 84 Potomida littoralis .................. 116 Familia Physidae ................... 85 Unio mancus ..................... 117 Physa acuta ...................... 88 Anodonta anatina .................. 118 Familia Planorbidae ................. 89 Familia Corbiculidae ................ 119 Ancylus fl uviatilis .................. 92 Corbicula fl uminea ................. 122 Ferrissia fragilis ................... 93 Familia Sphaeriidae ................. 123 Planorbarius metidjensis ............. 94 Musculium lacustre ................. 126 Anisus spirorbis ................... 95 Sphaerium corneum ................ 127 Pisidium casertanum ................ 128 Normativa de navegación y mejillón cebra . 141 Pisidium personatum ............... 129 Pisidium amnicum .................. 130 Glosario ............................ 142 Pisidium henslowanum .............. 131 Bibliografía ......................... 146 Pisidium lilljeborgii ................. 132 Pisidium hibernicum ................ 133 Páginas web ........................ 147 Pisidium milium ................... 134 Pisidium nitidum ................... 135 Pisidium subtruncatum .............. 136 Familia Dreissenidae ................ 137 Dreissena polymorpha .............. 140 7 Introducción Los moluscos (Mollusca, del latín “blando”) son el tipo o fi lo de animales invertebrados más numeroso después de los artrópodos, con más de 100.000 especies vivientes en el mundo, que se agrupan en ocho clases. Han colonizado múltiples ambientes naturales y antropogénicos. En las aguas de la cuenca del Ebro solo se encuentran dos clases: los gasterópodos (Gastropoda) y los bivalvos (Bivalvia), caracterizados por estar provistos de una concha calcárea de diferentes formas, que en el caso de los bivalvos consiste en dos valvas. Estos organismos se incluyen entre los macroinvertebrados acuáticos bentónicos (asociados a superfi cies del fondo o macrófi tos) salvo en el estado larvario de algunas especies, lo cual no impide observarlos a simple vista en cauces con poca agua y en épocas de estiaje o mediante algunos métodos selectivos de muestreo. Al igual que el resto de los macroinvertebrados, los moluscos son un alimento básico para otros organismos. Algunas familias son excelentes indicadores biológicos del estado ecológico de las masas de agua, con una reconocida función biodepuradora por su acción fi ltrante, si bien algunas especies exóticas invasoras son muy dañinas. Ciertas especies de moluscos están muy amenazadas en la cuenca del Ebro. En la cuenca del Ebro se conoce en la actualidad un total de 18 familias de moluscos acuáticos, 13 de gasterópodos y 5 de bivalvos, con un número aproximado de 80 especies consideradas válidas para la ciencia, si bien las de algunos géneros todavía están en revisión taxonómica por los 8 malacólogos (estudiosos de los moluscos). Están representadas en 68 fi chas con la información básica para su identifi cación. En esta Guía no se incluyen a los gasterópodos terrestres de vida anfi bia (Succineidae) o de humedales (Vertiginidae), ni a los gasterópodos y bivalvos marinos de estuario. Se pueden observar en el medio natural a simple vista o con la ayuda de una lupa de mano, pero la identifi cación taxonómica de estas especies requiere estudiar en el laboratorio las características morfológicas de su concha y la anatomía de sus partes blandas mediante miscroscopio óptico o electrónico. Algunas especies solo se pueden determinar a ciencia cierta combinando el estudio morfológico con el análisis molecular y/o citogenético. A pesar de estas difi cultades, los moluscos constituyen un rico patrimonio natural que no debe pasar desapercibido y a dicho objetivo quiere contribuir la presente Guía de campo, dando a conocer la diversidad malacológica acuática de la cuenca del Ebro con explicaciones precisas, sencillas y didácticas, apoyadas con fotografías de los taxones y de sus hábitats, así como otros aspectos de interés. 9 Sinópsis sistemática Tipo Clase Subclase Superorden Orden Superfamilia Familia Mollusca Gastropoda Orthogastropoda Neritopsina Cycloneritimorpha Neritoidea Neritidae Caenogastropoda Architaenioglossa Ampullarioidea Ampullariidae Sorbeoconcha Cerithioidea Melanopsidae Thiaridae Littorinimorpha Rissooidea Bithyniidae Hydrobiidae Amnicolidae Moitessieriidae Heterobranchia Allogastropoda Valvatoidea Valvatidae Hygrophila Acroloxoidea Acroloxidae
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