Collard and Kernalegenn Comparative Migration Studies (2021) 9:34 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00238-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access The membership of parties abroad: a case study of the UK Susan Collard1† and Tudi Kernalegenn2*† * Correspondence: tudi.
[email protected] Abstract 2Centre de recherche sur l’action politique (CRAPUL), Faculté des Against a long trend decline in the membership of political parties in Western Sciences Sociales et Politiques , democracies, there has been an unexpected surge in the UK since 2015. Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Interestingly, this phenomenon has also been observed amongst British expatriates, Lausanne, Switzerland Full list of author information is despite their historically very low levels of engagement. Our paper explores this available at the end of the article development using a multi-methods approach to investigate its impact across the three main parties, comparing the relative importance of supply-side and demand- side factors in each case. We show that the creation and development of British parties abroad are the result of two contrasting dynamics: a top-down one, which gives legitimacy and structure and in some cases, resources, and a bottom-up one, which gives purpose but also networks. Our survey of British expatriate party members reveals a diversity of triggers and motivations for membership, making an original contribution to the wider literature on party membership and on the political engagement of emigrants. Keywords: Political parties, Transnationalism, Membership, United Kingdom, Migration Introduction Despite a growing body of academic research into parties abroad (Burgess, 2018; Ker- nalegenn & van Haute, 2020; Østergaard-Nielsen & Ciornei, 2019; Paarlberg, 2019)to which this special issue contributes, little attention has so far been given to their mem- berships.