DOCSLIB.ORG

Economic Impact Assessment of the International Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP) in Transportation Equipment Industries

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Economic Impact Assessment of the International Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP) in Transportation Equipment Industries Planning Report 02-5 Economic Impact Assessment of the International Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP) in Transportation Equipment Industries Prepared by: RTI International for National Institute of Standards & Technology Program Office Strategic Planning and Economic Analysis Group December 2002 U.S Department of Commerce Technology Administration December 2002 Economic Impact Assessment of the International Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP) in Transportation Equipment Industries Final Report Prepared for National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg, MD 20899 Prepared by Michael P. Gallaher, Ph.D. Alan C. O’Connor, B.A. RTI Health, Social, and Economics Research Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 and Thomas Phelps, Ph.D. Altarum Ann Arbor, MI RTI Project Number 07007.016 Contents Executive Summary ES-1 1. Introduction 1-1 1.1 The Role of Standards in the Exchange of Product Data...... 1-2 1.2 The STEP Development Process......................................... 1-5 1.3 NIST’s Role in the STEP Development and Adoption Process ............................................................................. 1-7 1.3.1 NIST’s Contributions as Infratechnologies............... 1-8 1.4 Industry Scope ................................................................ 1-10 1.4.1 Industries Included in this Study........................... 1-10 1.4.2 Other Industries Using STEP................................. 1-12 1.5 Report Organization........................................................ 1-12 2. Technical History of STEP 2-1 2.1 Introduction to Product Data Exchange and Interoperability.................................................................. 2-1 2.1.1 Overview of Product Data Exchange...................... 2-2 2.1.2 CAx Interoperability Problems................................ 2-3 2.1.3 Potential Methods for Improving CAx Interoperability ...................................................... 2-5 2.2 Technical History of STEP and NIST’s Role ........................ 2-9 2.2.1 NIST’s Role in the STEP Development Process...... 2-10 3. Current STEP Development and Implementation 3-1 3.1 Current Trends in the Development and Implementation of STEP..................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 Most Widely Implemented STEP APs...................... 3-1 3.1.2 Approved STEP APs ............................................... 3-4 iii 3.1.3 STEP APs Under Development............................... 3-4 3.1.4 Infrastructure Tools to Support STEP Development and Adoption................................... 3-5 3.2 Barriers to Development and Adoption of STEP.................. 3-6 3.2.1 Evolving Structure of CAx Markets.......................... 3-7 3.2.2 Shift in STEP’s Support Structure............................. 3-8 3.2.3 Implementation by Software Developers .............. 3-10 3.2.4 Adoption and Use of STEP by End Users .............. 3-13 4. STEP End Users 4-1 4.1 The Automotive Industry ................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 The Automotive Design and Development Process.................................................................. 4-2 4.1.2 The U.S. Automotive Supply Chain ........................ 4-6 4.2 Aerospace Industry.......................................................... 4-11 4.2.1 Aerospace Design and Development.................... 4-12 4.2.2 The Role of CAx Systems in the Aerospace Industry ............................................................... 4-15 4.2.3 The Aerospace Industry Supply Chain .................. 4-16 4.3 Shipbuilding Industry ...................................................... 4-22 4.3.1 The Shipbuilding Design and Development Process................................................................ 4-24 4.3.2 CAx Systems in the Shipbuilding Design and Development Process .......................................... 4-27 4.3.3 Organization of the Shipbuilding Supply Chain .... 4-28 5. Analysis Methodology 5-1 5.1 Conceptual Approach for Estimating Economic Impacts............................................................................. 5-1 5.1.1 Net Benefits from STEP .......................................... 5-1 5.1.2 NIST’s Contributions.............................................. 5-4 5.2 Technical and Economic Impact Metrics............................ 5-6 5.2.1 Metrics for Measuring the Benefits and Costs of STEP...................................................................... 5-7 5.2.2 Metrics for Estimating NIST’s Impacts................... 5-11 5.3 Calculating Measures of Social Return ............................. 5-14 iv 6. Primary Data Collection 6-1 6.1 End-User Interviews .......................................................... 6-1 6.1.1 Case Study and Survey Topics................................ 6-3 6.1.2 Case Study and Survey Respondents....................... 6-4 6.2 Software Developer Interviews .......................................... 6-4 6.2.1 Software Developer Survey Topics ......................... 6-5 6.2.2 Software Developer Respondents ........................... 6-7 7. Current Use and Future Directions for STEP 7-1 7.1 STEP’s Current Use............................................................ 7-1 7.1.1 Automotive Industry .............................................. 7-1 7.1.2 Aerospace Industry ................................................ 7-3 7.1.3 Shipbuilding Industry............................................. 7-4 7.1.4 Small-Company Issues ........................................... 7-5 7.2 STEP’s Potential Use.......................................................... 7-5 7.2.1 Automotive Industry .............................................. 7-6 7.2.2 Aerospace Industry ................................................ 7-8 7.2.3 Shipbuilding Industry............................................. 7-9 7.2.4 Small-Company Issues ........................................... 7-9 7.3 Future Product Data Exchange Needs .............................. 7-10 7.3.1 Automotive Industry ............................................ 7-10 7.3.2 Aerospace Industry .............................................. 7-11 7.3.3 Shipbuilding Industry........................................... 7-11 8. The Potential and Current Economic Impact of STEP 8-1 8.1 Industry Employment and Wages....................................... 8-1 8.1.1 Industry Employment ............................................. 8-1 8.1.2 Industry Wage Estimates ........................................ 8-4 8.2 End-User CAx Interoperability Benefits .............................. 8-6 8.2.1 End-User Avoidance Benefits ................................. 8-6 8.2.2 End-User Mitigation Costs.................................... 8-15 8.2.3 End-User Delay Costs .......................................... 8-26 8.3 Social Costs of STEP ........................................................ 8-26 8.3.1 Categories of Social Costs .................................... 8-27 8.3.2 Software Developer Expenditures......................... 8-28 v 8.3.3 Transportation Equipment Industry Expenditures........................................................ 8-29 8.3.4 Public Sector Expenditures................................... 8-30 8.4 Measures of Economic Return from STEP ......................... 8-31 8.5 Return to NIST Contributions........................................... 8-35 8.5.1 Estimating NIST’s Impact...................................... 8-37 8.6 Summary of Impacts........................................................ 8-38 References R-1 Appendixes A Telephone Survey..............................................................A-1 B Software Developer Survey................................................ B-1 vi Figures Figure 1-1 Alternative Data Exchange Scenarios.......................................... 1-4 Figure 1-2 Infratechnologies’ Impacts on Economic Activity ........................ 1-9 Figure 2-1 Multiple CAx Systems Used in the Automobile Supply Chain...... 2-3 Figure 4-1 The Automobile Design and Development Process..................... 4-4 Figure 4-2 U.S. Automotive Supply Chain................................................... 4-8 Figure 4-3 Aerospace Design and Manufacturing Schedule ....................... 4-13 Figure 4-4 Ship Types............................................................................... 4-24 Figure 4-5 Ship Design Spiral.................................................................... 4-26 Figure 5-1 Flow of Costs and Benefits ......................................................... 5-4 Figure 5-2 Impact of NIST’s Contribution to STEP........................................ 5-5 Figure 6-1 STEP Estimation Methodology .................................................... 6-2 Figure 8-1 Growth in Major CAx Software Packages with STEP Functionality............................................................................ 8-28 Figure 8-2 Estimated Accrual of Potential Benefits (1994 though 2010)...... 8-34 vii Tables Table 1-1 Comparison of Data Exchange Scenarios.................................... 1-5 Table 3-1 Status of STEP Application Protocols as of November 2002......... 3-2 Table 4-1 Employment in the Automotive Industry, 2001 ........................... 4-6 Table 4-2 Major OEMs Operating in the U.S.............................................. 4-9 Table 4-3 Characteristics of a Sample of Automotive First-Tier Suppliers.................................................................................. 4-11 Table 4-4 Aerospace Product
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CAD/CAM Selection for Small Manufacturing Companies
    CAD/CAM SELECTION FOR SMALL MANUFACTURING COMPANIES By Tim Mercer A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Management Technology Approved for Completion of 3 Semester Credits INMGT 735 Research Advisor The Graduate College University of Wisconsin May 2000 The Graduate School University of Wisconsin - Stout Menomonie, WI 54751 Abstract Mercer Timothy B. CAD/CAM Selection for Small Manufacturing Companies Master of Science in Management Technology Linards Stradins 2/2000 71 pages Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association In today's fast paced world, CAD/CAM systems have become an essential element in manufacturing companies throughout the world. Technology and communication are changing rapidly, driving business methods for organizations and requiring capitalization in order to maintain competitiveness. Knowledge prior to investing into a system is crucial in order to maximize the benefits received from changing CAD/CAM systems. The purpose of this study is to create a methodology to aid small manufacturing companies in selecting a CAD/CAM system. The objectives are to collect data on CAD/CAM systems that are available in the market today, identify important criteria in system selection, and identify company evaluation parameters. Acknowledgements Thanks to Dr. Rich Rothaupt for introducing me to CAM, survey help, and providing guidance with CAD/CAM applications. Thanks to Dr. Martha Wilson for early revisions, survey help and overall guidance. Thanks to my good friend and soon to be Dr. Linards Stradins for his patience, leadership, and wisdom. His invaluable knowledge and dedication as my advisor has helped me both personally and academically.
    [Show full text]
  • Standards for Computer Aided Manufacturing
    //? VCr ~ / Ct & AFML-TR-77-145 )R^ yc ' )f f.3 Standards for Computer Aided Manufacturing Office of Developmental Automation and Control Technology Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 January 1977 Final Technical Report, March— December 1977 Distribution limited to U.S. Government agencies only; Test and Evaluation Data; Statement applied November 1976. Other requests for this document must be referred to AFML/LTC, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433 Manufacturing Technology Division Air Force Materials Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433 . NOTICES When Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used for any purpose other than in connection with a definitely related Government procurement opera- tion, the United States Government thereby incurs no responsibility nor any obligation whatsoever; and the fact that the Government may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawing, specification, or other data, is not to be regarded by implication or otherwise as in any manner licensing the holder or any person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may in any way be related thereto Copies of this report should not be returned unless return is required by security considerations, contractual obligations, or notice on a specified document This final report was submitted by the National Bureau of Standards under military interdepartmental procurement request FY1457-76 -00369 , "Manufacturing Methods Project on Standards for Computer Aided Manufacturing." This technical report has been reviewed and is approved for publication. FOR THE COMMANDER: DtiWJNlb L.
    [Show full text]
  • 19 Siemens PLM Software
    Chapter 19 Siemens PLM Software (Unigraphics)1 Author’s note: As discussed below, this organization has had a multitude of different names over the years. Many still refer to it simply as UGS and, although that name is no longer formally used, I have used it throughout this chapter. McDonnell Douglas Automation In order to understand how today’s Siemens PLM Software organization and the Unigraphics software evolved one has to go back to an organization in Saint Louis, Missouri called McAuto (McDonnell Automation Company), a subsidiary of the McDonnell Aircraft Corporation. The aircraft industry was one of the first users of computer systems for engineering design and analysis and McDonnell was very proactive in this endeavor starting in the late 1950s. Its first NC production part was manufactured in 1958 and computers were used to help layout aircraft the following year. In 1960 McDonnell decided to utilize this experience and enter the computer services business. Its McAuto subsidiary was established that year with 258 employees and $7 million in computer hardware. Fifteen years later, McAuto had become one of the largest computer services organizations in the world with over 3,500 employees and a computer infrastructure worth over $170 million. It continued to grow for the next decade, reaching over $1 billion in revenue and 14,000 employees by 1985. Its largest single customer during of this period was the military aircraft design group of its own parent company. A significant project during the 1960s and 1970s was the development of an in- house CAD/CAM system to support McDonnell engineering.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Shipbuilding Cadicam Systems (Phase I)
    Final Report EVALUATION OF SHIPBUILDING CADICAM SYSTEMS (PHASE I) Submitted to: U.S. Navy by: National Steel & Shipbuilding Co. San Diego, CA 92186 Project Director: John Horvath Principal Investigator: Richard C. Moore October 1996 Technical Report Documentaition Page- 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Waiog No. I I 4. Title and Subtitle I 5. Repon Date October 14. 1996 Evaluation of Shipbuilding CADICAM Systems 6. Performing Organization C e (Phase I) '32%'2.7 8. Performing Organization Report Ilo. 7. Author(s) Richard C. Moore UMTRI-96-35 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute 11. Contracl or Grant No. 290 1 Baxter Road, Ann Arbor, .Michigan 48 109-2150 PQ# MU7.56606-D - 13. Typ of Report and Period Coverud 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Technical National Steel & Shipbuilding Co. 28th St. & Harbor ~r. 14. Sponsoring Agency Code San Diego, CA 92 1 13 US. Navy 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract This report is the Phase I final report of the National Shipbuilding Research F'rogram (NSRP) project (Project Number 4-94-1) to evaluate world-class shipbuilders' existing CADICAMICIM system implementations. Five U.S. shipyards participated in this study along with personnel from University of Michigan, Proteus Engineering, and Cybo Robots. Project participants have backgrounds in design, computer-aided design (CAD), n~anufacturingprocesses, computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), production planning, and computer-integrated manufacturing/management (CIM). The results of this evaluation provided the basis for the CADICAMICIM Workshop presented in conjunction with the 1996 Ship Production Symposium, and will be used as background in Phase I1 of the project to develop requirements for future shipbuilding CADICAMICIM systems.
    [Show full text]
  • 21 Miscellaneous Companies
    Chapter 21 Miscellaneous Companies Space restrictions simply do not permit me to go into the depth of detail I would like on every company that participated in the early days of the CAD industry nor cover numerous in-house systems developed at major automobile and aerospace companies. Readers will have to be satisfied with the brief descriptions included in this chapter and even then, I have only been able to cover what I consider to be the companies that had the biggest impact. There are hundreds if not thousands of companies that at one time marketed engineering design software. Some of the companies described in this chapter offered just software while other provided both hardware and software. While many have changed names, I have decided to list them alphabetically based upon the name they are best been known by along with earlier and subsequent name changes. Adra Systems (Matrix One) Adra Systems was founded in Lowell, Massachusetts in July 1983 by William Mason, who had been at Applicon from 1973 to 1983, most recently as vice president of operations, James Stenzel, who had been vice president of engineering at Hastech, Inc., and Peter Stoupas, who had earlier been a regional sales manager at Adage and had also worked for Applicon. Mason became the president and CEO, Stenzel the vice president of product development and Stoupas the vice president of marketing. Between 1983 and 1986, the company raised $11.6 million of venture funding from a number of firms including American Research & Development, the company that also provided the initial funding for Digital Equipment Corporation.
    [Show full text]
  • Przegląd Popularnych Systemów CAD, CAM, CAE
    JEŚLI NIE RZEŹBISZ ZAMKÓW Z PIASKU, KORZYSTAJ Z SOLIDWORKS. real power PROJEKTUJ LEPSZE PRODUKTY. www.solidworks.pl REKLAMA CADblog.pl WYDANIE SPECJALNE internetowego czasopisma użytkowników systemów CAD/CAM/CAE CADblog.pl nr 7(08) 2009 | www.cadblog.pl | www.cadraport.pl | www.cadglobe.com | www.swblog.pl | CADblog. pl edycja pdf PPrzeglrzegląd ppopularnychopularnych ssystemówystemów CCAD,AD, CCAM,AM, CCAEAE ddostostęppnychnych nnaa ppolskimolskim rrynkuynku 22009009 Historia komputerowych systemów inżynierskich Symulacje w OBRUM Nowości w Solid Edge z Synchronous Technology 2 Co nowego w SolidWorks 2010 Aktualności, wydarzenia... CADblog.pl Od redakcji Zamiast „wstępniaka”... To nietypowe wydanie, nietypowo spóźnione i z nietypową obję- tością i zawartością. Tym razem przygotowałem dla Państwa bli- sko 90 stron materiałów, w większości jednak są to rzeczy, które uważnym Czytelnikom wydadzą się znajome. Chociażby ze względu na to, iż w zasadzie prawie wszystkie można było znaleźć na stronach CADblog.pl i związanych z nim CADraport.pl, a także SWblog.pl. Niemniej jednak stanowią one pasującą do siebie całość i dlatego złożyły się na obecne wydanie. A objętość – cóż, ma w pewnym sensie zrekompensować niemalże dwumiesięczną przerwę w cyklu wydawniczym :). To oczywiście żart... Przerwa przerwą, ale nie dotknęła ona bynajmniej wspomnianych CADblogowych stron, czyli tej całkowicie wirtualnej postaci mojej inicjatywy. Rozwijały się i rozwijają nieprzerwanie (ponad 10 000 unikalnych użyt- kowników, ponad 7 000 wejść na strony w październi- ku...), ale muszę troszeczkę więcej uwagi poświęcić idei bezpłatnego internetowego czasopisma. Bo chyba o tym ostatnio trochę zapomniałem. AD meritum: w tym numerze kompilacja historii syste- mów CAD – bo jej dalszy ciąg już w listopadowym wyda- edycja pdf niu.
    [Show full text]
  • CAD/CAM Industry Service Mechanical Applications, 1987
    CAD/CAM Industry Service Mechanical Applications Dataquest accHnpanyof The Oun & Bradstreet Corporation 1290 Ridcter F^k Drive San Jose, CaManm 95131-2398 (408) 971-9000 TWex: 171973 Eax: (408) 971-9003 SatesfServfee o^res: UNITED KINGDOM C^RMANY Dmaquest UK Limited DabK}uest GmbH 13th Floor, Centre Point Roseidcavalierplatz 17 103 New Oxford Street D-»XX) Munich 81 London WCIA IDD ^fest Germaity England (089)91 10 64 01-379-6257 Tfelex: 5218070 Tfelex: 266195 Fax: (089)91 21 89 . Fax: 01-240-3653 FRANCE JAMN Dataquest SARL Dsttacpie^ J^^an, Ltd. too, atvraue Charts (te Gaulle Ikiyo Ginza BuiMii^nd Floor 92200 Neuilly-sir-Seine 7-14-16 Ginza, Owo-ku France "TSokyo 104 Jspan (01)47.3&13.12 (03)546-3191 Telex: 611982 "fclex: 32%8 Fax: (01)47.38.11.23 I^: (03)546-3198 The content of this report repieseitts CHIT interpretaticm and analysis of information generally avail^e to the {xiblic <x released by r^iMKiUe indivkluals in the subject c(»n- panks, iMtt is not guaranteed as to accur»:y or ccoiq^eten^. It does not contain material {Hovkled to us in ccm^dence by our clients. This infonmaicHi is not fiimi^ted in connecticMi widi a sale or (rffer to sell securitKS, or in ccmnection with tte solk;itation ctf an of^ to buy securkies. This firm and its par­ ent and/or their ofHcers, ^ocidiolders, <x nwn^rs <^ tteir families m^, from time to time, have a Iraig or short positicm in the s&:urities motioned and may sell or buy siu:h securities.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of CAD Software in Product Design
    Contents Introduction: ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Relationship Between Product Design and CAD: ............................................................................ 3 Applications of Computer Aided Design(CAD) in Product Design: ................................................ 5 Engineering Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 5 CAD System Hardware: .................................................................................................................... 6 Different CAD Software: .................................................................................................................. 8 Major Areas of Application: ............................................................................................................. 9 Benefits Of Application of CAD in Product Design: ...................................................................... 11 Conclusion: ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Glossary: ......................................................................................................................................... 12 References: ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Page | 1 Application of CAD
    [Show full text]
  • For Investment Promotion in the West Bank and Gaza
    PROMOTING INDUSTRIAL ZONES AND INVESTMENT MOBILIZATION USAID WB/G SO1: EXPANDING ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES CONTRACT NO. 294-C-00-00-00071-00 Target Investor Profiles (TIP) for Investment Promotion in the West Bank and Gaza SUBMITTED ON AUGUST 2002 TO THE USAID MISSION TO THE WEST BANK AND GAZA MARGOT ELLIS, CTO BY THE SERVICES GROUP (TSG) SULEIMAN AREF, MASSAR ASSOCIATES AARON BRICKMAN, CONSULTANT PETER CARR, VICE PRESIDENT HUGH DOYLE, CEO TRINA RAND, STAFF CONSULTANT BETH WALSH, SENIOR RESEARCHER 2300 CLARENDON BOULEVARD 1110 ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA 22201 USA WWW.TSGINC.COM USAID PRIZIM Project Target Investor Profiles Table of Contents Summary of TIP Activity 2 Annex A: Final list of 150 (Excel sheets) A1 Annex B: Company profiles for final 150 B1 Annex C: First cut companies from initial research (Excel sheets) C1 Annex D: Initial long list of companies (Excel sheets) D1 The Services Group Page A - 1 USAID PRIZIM Project Target Investor Profiles Summary of TIP Activity: Introduction and Background The development of target investor profiles under the PRIZIM project is a key element in training and building promotional capacity in Palestinian economic development agencies, including both PIPA and PIEFZA. This represents the beginning of an ongoing database compilation of target firms both in the Middle East region and around the world that have demonstrated a foreign investment interest and whose sectoral activities fit the comparative advantages of the West Bank and Gaza. This activity was carried out from April to June 2002, during an especially unstable political time in the West Bank and Gaza. Because of this exceedingly difficult situation two elements of the initial scope of work could not be accomplished; training of Palestinians at TSG headquarters and a comprehensive telephone survey of prospective investors.
    [Show full text]
  • Software & IT Services
    Software & IT Services Design Software: it is not all about CAD 8 April 2015 Gal Munda Analyst +44 20 3465 2746 [email protected] Daud Khan Analyst +44 20 3465 2638 [email protected] Jean Beaubois Specialist Sales +44 20 3207 7835 [email protected] ATLAS ALPHA • THOUGHT LEADERSHIP • ACCESS • SERVICE Software & IT Services THE TEAM Gal Munda joined Berenberg in 2014 from PricewaterhouseCoopers, where he worked in the financial decision and analysis department. Previously, he was part of PricewaterhouseCoopers’ assurance practice. He started his career at Raiffeisen Bank where he was a trainee analyst supporting coverage of CEE mid-caps. Gal is a qualified accountant (ACA) and holds a Masters degree in Finance & Investments from the University of Nottingham. Daud Khan joined Berenberg in September 2011 with responsibility for Software and IT Services research. Previously, Daud worked at JPMorgan Cazenove for five years, covering software and latterly heading up the mid-cap technology team. Daud has been an analyst since 1999, having worked for Merrill Lynch, where he headed up the European software team, and for MF Global. He was a founding principal of Clear Capital, an equity research boutique. Daud is also an ACA, having qualified with PricewaterhouseCoopers. Je an Beaubois has 12 years of equities experience working both on the buy-side and the sell-side. Jean joined Berenberg in 2010 having previously been a portfolio manager on the cUSD3bn Morgan Stanley Global Value Fund where he was in charge of TMT investments. He was also an analyst on the Global SmallCap Fund in charge of the DACH region.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 17 Structural Dynamics Research Corporation
    Chapter 17 Structural Dynamics Research Corporation Structural Dynamics Research Corporation (SDRC) was founded in 1967 by Dr. Jason (Jack) Lemon, Albert Peter, Robert Farell, Jim Sherlock and several others. Lemon and his partners had previously held teaching and research positions in the University of Cincinnati’s Mechanical Engineering Department. Initially, this was a mechanical engineering consulting company that over the years made the transition to being a full- fledged mechanical design software company. One of the company’s early consulting assignments was for U. S. Steel and it was so impressed by the work SDRC did that it decided to invest in the company and for a time held about a 40 percent ownership position. The relationship with U.S. Steel was far more than simply a financial investment. SDRC’s engineers worked closely with U. S. Steel’s sales and marketing people to create new markets for steel. One example was the machine tool industry which had traditionally used castings for the base of their machine tools. U.S. Steel wanted to sell these companies plate steel that could be welded into the shapes needed. SDRC’s engineers developed the analytical techniques that proved to these prospective customers that the steel plate bases were an acceptable alternative. This relationship generated numerous leads for SDRC’s seminars on advanced engineering design and analysis technologies. U.S. Steel also had two people on the company’s board of directors during this period. Dr. Russ Henke, who was also a University of Cincinnati graduate, joined SDRC in 1969 as director of computer operations, at a time when the company had about 20 employees.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    TC İSTANBUL KÜLTÜR UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES & ENGINEERING INTEGRATING CAAD INTO ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION An M.Sc THESIS By MAHMOD M. A. ELHARDUDI DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE Supervised By Prof. Dr. Koray GÖKAN İSTANBUL, Turkey February 2007 © MAHMOD M. A. ELHARDUDI 2007 i ÖZET ABSTRACT (in Turkish) CAAD, tasarım sürecinde kullanılan bütün programların dahil olduğu (örn. Taslak, tasarım, sunum, iletişim, vs.) Bilgisayar Destekli Mimari Tasarım demektir. Bu tez, CAAD’ın mimari eğitime entegre edilme olasılığını tartışır. Bu tezin temel soruları şunlardır; niye CAAD’ı öğretmek, CAAD eğitime nasıl katkı sağlayabilir? CAAD’ı ne zaman öğretmeye başlamak? Hangi aşamada CAAD öğretilebilir ve ne derecede entegre edilmelidir? Ne öğretilecek, hangi uygulamalar eğitim sürecine yardımcı olabilir? CAAD eğitime nasıl entegre edilebilir? Tez beş bölüme ayrılmıştır. İlk bölüm, mimaride kullanılan bilgisayar programları konseptini inceler, aynı zamanda bu tezin amaçları ve stratejisi de incelenmektedir. İkinci, üçüncü ve dördüncü bölümler bu tezin yapısını oluşturmaktadır. İkincisi, CAAD’ın gelişim tarihini ve bu aracın faydalarını içerir. Üçüncü bölüm, CAAD’ın hem mimari eğitim hem de araştırmalardaki konumunu inceler. İncelemelere ek olarak CAAD öğretiminde değişen kurallar dahildir. Dördüncüsü, CAAD entegrasyonunun gerekleri ve teorisini tartışır. Son olarak, beşinci bölüm bu çalışmanın temel bulgularını ve gelecekle ilgili bazı önerileri içeren sonuç bölümüdür. ii ABSTRACT CAAD refers to Computer Aided Architectural Design which includes all computer programs that used in design process (e.g. drafting, design, presentation, communication, etc.). At first the concept CAD (Computer Aided Design) was used to refer to all computer programs that used in drawing and design. Quickly, CAD was replaced by CAAD (Computer Aided Architectural Design) which expressing the specific character of computer applications that related to architecture field.
    [Show full text]