DOCSLIB.ORG

Heat Exchanger for Solar Collector

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Heat Exchanger for Solar Collector HEAT EXCHANGER FOR SOLAR COLLECTOR LAGUNESVARY A/P GANESAN Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the awards of Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG JUNE 2013 vii ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to design and simulate an optimum heat exchanger for evacuated tube solar collector. The simulation was carried out in ANSYS FLUENT 14.0 with two different tube designs, spring and S-Shape. Four materials was analysed in this study, copper, aluminium, steel and brass. Both tube designs are varied by three different sizes and four shapes, circular, ellipse, square and hexagon. There are four flow rates are considered in the study, 1kg/s, 0.5kg/s, 0.25kg/s and 0.01kg/s. Based on the study, copper 61.25% effective compare to aluminium and followed by steel and brass. In the overall, spring design performs better than S-Shape design and ellipse shape tube in leading. At the flow rate of 1kg/s, large size ellipse-spring tube design provide higher performance with rate of heat transfer 109192.02W. At flow rate of 0.5kg/s and 0.25kg/s medium size ellipse-spring tube design performs better than the others. While at the flow rate of 0.01kg/s, small size ellipse-S-Shape design is chosen. viii ABSTRAK Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk merangka dan membuat simulasi bagi perubahan haba dalam tiub penyimpan solar. Simulasi tersebut dijanlankan megunakkan ANSYS 14.0 dengan megunakan dua reka bentuk iaitu spring dan tiub berbentuk-S. Empat bahan yang berbeza iaitu kuprum, aluminium, besi dan juga tembaga. Reka bentuk tersebut juga dikaji dengan tiga jenis saiz yang berbeza dan juga empat jenis reka bentuk yang berlainan iaitu bujur, elips, segi empat tepat dan juga segi enam. Empat jenis halaju yang dicuba bagi penyelidikan ini iaitu 1kg/s, 0.5kg/s, 0.25kg/s and 0.01kg/s. Mengikut kajian yang telah dibuat, kuprum menujukkan keputusan yang paling tinggi iaitu sabanyak 61.25% diikuti dengan aluminium, besi dan tembaga. Secara keseluruhanya, reka bentuk spring menjukkan keputusan yang lebih baik daripada reka bentuk S. Pada halaju 1 kg/s, saiz besar elips reka bentuk spring menjukkan keputusan yang baik dengan kadar pemindahan haba 109192.02W dan bagi halaju 0.5 kg/s dan 0.25 kg/s, tiub bersaiz medium menjukkan keputusan yang lebih baik. Manakal, pada halaju 0.01 kg/s, tiub berbentuk kecil menjukkan reka bentuk yang terbaik. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXAMINAR’S DECLARATION ii SUPERVISOR'S DECLARATION iii STUDENT'S DECLARATION iv DEDICATION v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi ABSTRACT vii ABSTRAK viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ix LIST OF TABLES xii LIST OF FIGURES xiii LIST OF SYMBOLS xvi LIST OF ABBREVATIONS xvii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Background 1 1.2 Problem Statement 2 1.3 The Objective Of The Study 2 1.4 Scopes Of Project 2 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 Solar Collectors 3 2.2.1 Flat Plate Collector (FPC) 4 2.2.2 Evacuated Tube Solar Collector 5 2.3 Heat Exchanger 6 2.3.1 Geometry Construction of Heat Exchanger 6 2.3.2 Flow Arrangement in Heat Exchanger 13 2.3.3 Heat Transfer Mechanism 15 2.3.4 Type of Heat Transfer Process 15 2.4 Type of Fluid Flow 16 x 2.5 Analysis of Tube Properties 19 2.6 Theoretical Analysis of Heat Transfer 22 2.7 Nanofluids 23 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 26 3.2 Methodology of the Study 26 3.3 Cad Modelling Using SOLIDWORKS 28 3.3.1 Shell Design Modelling 28 3.3.2 Tube Design Modelling 29 3.4 Simulation Using ANSYS 35 3.4.1 Geometry 35 3.4.2 Meshing 36 3.4.3 FLUENT setup 37 3.5 Mathematical Calculation 41 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction 45 4.2 Analysis of vary material on heat transfer 46 4.3 Distribution of heat in spring tube 47 4.3.1 Analysis of spring design tube with varies velocity and size 48 4.4 Distribution of heat in S-Shape tube 55 4.4.1 Analysis of S-Shape tube with varies velocity and size 57 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Introduction 64 5.2 Conclusion 64 5.3 Recommendations 65 REFERENCES 67 xi APPENDICES 70 A Solidworks Designs 70 B Simulation 76 C Raw Data 81 D Gantt Chart for Final Year Project 1 & 2 89 xii LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page 2.1 Types of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 8 2.2 Type of flow in smooth tube 16 2.3 Thermal property of water & nanofluids at 343K 24 3.1 The dimension of the large tubes 34 3.2 The dimension of the medium size tubes 34 3.3 The dimension of the small size tubes 34 3.4 The properties of water 39 3.5 The properties of copper 39 3.6 The properties of aluminium 39 3.7 The properties of Brass 39 3.8 Dimension at flow rate of 1kg/s 42 3.9 Dimension at flow rate of 0.5kg/s 43 3.10 Dimension at flow rate of 0.25kg/s 43 3.11 Dimension at flow rate of 0.01kg/s 44 xiii LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title Page 2.1 a) Shell and tube heat exchanger with one shell and tube; 7 b) Shell and tube heat exchanger with one shell and two tubes. 2.2 Comparison of j/f for Turbo-C and EXTEK test sections 9 2.3 Spiral tube heat exchanger 10 2.4 Effectiveness vs. mass flow rate of hot water 11 2.5 Nusselt number as a function of Reynolds number for the 12 various pin 2.6 a) The fin efficiency varies with fin height and 13 b) Effects of fin space on heat transfer 2.7 Contour temperature for annular 17 2.8 Average heat transfer vs. mass flow rate of hot water 17 2.9 Variation of Reynolds number with temperature for three 18 nanofluids and basefluid 2.10 (a) Temperature difference between the inlet and outlet fluid 19 temperatures across the tube and (b) heat transfer rates obtained from the numerical analysis vs. Reynolds number. 2.11 Heat transfer coefficient for the circular and oval tube 20 2.12 Mixed mean temperature of air flow for: a) constant heat 21 flux and b) constant wall temperature 2.13 Convection heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids of a 25 heat exchanger 3.1 Methodology of the study 27 3.2 Steps on modelling CAD geometry in SOLIDWORKS 28 3.3 The shell of the heat exchanger with 1st and 3rd angle 29 of projection 3.4 The sketch of S-Shape tube in Solidworks 30 xiv Figure No. Title Page 3.5 The sketch of spring tube in Solidworks 30 3.6 The S-Shape tube on 1st and 3rd angle projection 31 3.7 The spring tube on 1st and 3rd angle projection 32 3.8 The various of tube shapes 33 3.9 Geometry setup in ANSYS Workbench 35 3.10 Defined geometry in workbench 36 3.11 a)Meshing setup, b) Meshed Geometry 37 4.1 The analysis on vary material with large spring design tube. 46 4.2(a, b, c, The temperature contour of spring tube at varies times. 48 d, e, f, g) 4.3 The analysis of larger size spring design tube with, a) Varies 49 flow rate and shapes; b) Reynolds number vs. temperature rise in water tank 4.4 The analysis of medium size spring design tube with, 50 a) Varies flow rate and shapes; b) Reynolds number vs. temperature risein water tank 4.5 The analysis of smaller size spring design tube with, 52 a) Varies flow rate and shapes; b) Reynolds number vs. temperature rise in water tank 4.6 Overall comparison of the spring design tube; with, 53 a) Varies flow rate and shapes; b) Reynolds number vs. temperature rise in water tank 4.7 Overall comparison of the spring design tube with 55 Rate of heat transfer, W vs. Flow rate, kg/s 4.8(a, b, c, The temperature contour for S-Shape tube at varies times. 56 d, and e) 4.9 The analysis of larger size section S-Shape tube with, 57 a) Varies flow rate and shapes; b) Reynolds number vs. temperature rise in water tank xv Figure No. Title Page 4.10 The analysis of medium size section S-Shape tube with, 59 a) Varies flow rate and shapes; b) Reynolds number vs. temperature rise in water tank 4.11 The analysis of smaller size section S-Shape tube with, 60 a) Varies flow rate and shapes; b) Reynolds number vs. temperature rise in water tank 4.12 The overall comparison of S-Shape tube; with, 62 a) Varies flow rate and shapes; b) Reynolds number vs. temperature rise in water tank `4.13 Overall comparison of the S-Shape design tube with 63 Rate of heat transfer, W vs. Flow rate, kg/s xvi LIST OF SYMBOLS °C Degree Celsius K Kelvin p Density Cp Specific Heat Re Reynolds number Nu Nusselt number A cs Cross section area ε Emissivity ° Degree % percentage Velocity Viscosity D Diameter l e Length-entrance m Mass flow rate T Temperature U Total heat transfer coefficient h Heat transfer coefficient k Thermal conductivity xvii LIST OF ABBREVATIONS FPC Flat Plate Collector ETSC The Evacuated tube solar collector CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics CAD Computer Aided Design 3D 3-Dimensional EXTEK Twisted multi head annulus tube CuO Copper (II) Oxide Al2O3 Aluminium Oxide SiO2 Silicon Dioxide Re Reynolds Number Nu Nusselt Number Tout Temperature out of cold fluid CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND Heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat from one medium to another.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Compact Heat Exchangers for Mobile Co2 Systems
    COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR MOBILE CO2 SYSTEMS A. Hafner SINTEF Energy Research Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Trondheim (Norway) ABSTRACT The natural refrigerant carbon dioxide (CO2) with all its advantages offers new possibilities of efficient heating and cooling at different climates. In reversible air conditioning systems the capacity and efficiency in cooling mode is seen to be most important. The efficiency of the reversible interior heat exchanger depends on the design of the heat exchanger. Efficiency reduction is among other factors caused by refrigerant- side pressure drop, heat conduction, refrigerant- and air maldistribution. Uniform air temperatures at the outlet of the heat exchanger are an important aspect regarding comfort and control of the mobile HVAC system. A prototype CO2 system with a separator, refrigerant pump and a single pass heat exchanger was tested under varies conditions. The tests were performed at low compressor revolution speed i.e. idle conditions. Compared with a baseline heat exchanger of equal size, the use of an external operated pump to circulate the refrigerant through the heat exchanger, increased the cooling capacity at equal pressure levels by up to 14 %. At equal cooling capacities the COP increased by up to 23 %. Airside temperature distribution was more uniform with this way of operating the system. 1 INTRODUCTION Several authors for example Hrnjak et al 2002, Nekså et al. 2001 describe CO2 systems where flash gas was bypassed the evaporator and thereafter reunified with the leaving gas of the evaporator. With such a system concept only liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator which has an positive effect on distribution of the refrigerant into 20000 the microchannels.
    [Show full text]
  • Heat Exchangers Quick Facts
    TM WATER HEATERS Heat Exchangers Quick Facts HUBBELLHEATERS.COM What Are They? A heat exchanger is a device that allows thermal energy (heat) from a liquid or gas to pass another fluid without the two fluids mixing. It transfers the heat without transferring the fluid that carries the heat. Therefore, just the heat is exchanged from one fluid to another. This type of heat transfer is utilized with many applications including water heating, sewage treatment, heating and air conditioning, and refrigera- tion. There are several different types of heat exchangers, each with their own design that work to heat up water. Next we will break down some of the key features of commonly used heat exchangers and the differences between them. Plate: A plate heat exchanger consists of a series of metal plates, typically stainless steel, that are joined together with a small amount of space between the face of the plates. The bottom of the plates create a small gutter or channel in between each plate which helps to keep water flowing. The thinner the channel, the more efficient the plates will be at transferring heat to the water because smaller amounts of water can be heated up faster. Plate heat exchangers have a large surface area, so as fluid flows in between these plates, it extracts heat from the plates rather quickly. This design is available as a brazed plate or gasketed design and can be configured as single or double wall. www.hubbellheaters.com Page 1 Electric/Coil: An electric heat exchanger is probably what most people think of when they think “electric heat” It is a simple coil wire that gives off heat like a light bulb in a lamp, and when electricity flows through it, it converts the energy passing through into heat.
    [Show full text]
  • Compressor Cooling
    Compressor cooling Compressed air – the fourth utility A gas compressor is a mechanical compressed air are pneumatic tools, The major cooling applications for device that converts power into kinetic energy storage, production lines, compressors where heat exchangers energy by increasing the pressure of automated assembly stations, are used are: gas and reducing its volume. refrigeration, gas dusters and air-start • Air cooling systems. • Oil cooling Compressed air has become one of • Water cooling the most important power media used Another important power media is • Heat recovery in industry providing power for a compressed natural gas (CNG), which multitude of manufacturing operations. is made by compressing natural gas to In industry, compressed air is so widely less than 1% of the volume it occupies used that it is often regarded as the at standard atmospheric pressure. fourth utility, after electricity, natural gas CNG is generally used in traditional and water. General uses of combustion engines. Oil-free Compressor Oil Air Water Air cooling The compressed gas from the Oil cooling A multi-stage compressor can contain compressor is hot after compression, Both lubricated and oil-free one or several intercoolers. Since often 70-200°C. An aftercooler is used compressors need oil cooling. In compression generates heat, the to lower the temperature, which also oil-free compressors it is the lubrication compressed gas needs to be cooled results in condensation. The aftercooler oil for the gearbox that has to be between stages, making the is placed directly after the compressor cooled. In oil-injected compressors it is compression less adiabatic and more in order to precipitate the main part of the oil which is mixed with the isothermal.
    [Show full text]
  • Plate Heat Exchangers for Refrigeration Applications
    Plate heat exchangers for refrigeration applications Technical reference manual A Technical Reference Manual for Plate Heat Exchangers in Refrigeration & Air conditioning Applications by Dr. Claes Stenhede/Alfa Laval AB Fifth edition, February 2nd, 2004. Alfa Laval AB II No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Alfa Laval AB. Permission is usually granted for a limited number of illustrations for non-commer- cial purposes provided proper acknowledgement of the original source is made. The information in this manual is furnished for information only. It is subject to change without notice and is not intended as a commitment by Alfa Laval, nor can Alfa Laval assume responsibility for errors and inaccuracies that might appear. This is especially valid for the various flow sheets and systems shown. These are intended purely as demonstrations of how plate heat exchangers can be used and installed and shall not be considered as examples of actual installations. Local pressure vessel codes, refrigeration codes, practice and the intended use and in- stallation of the plant affect the choice of components, safety system, materials, control systems, etc. Alfa Laval is not in the business of selling plants and cannot take any responsibility for plant designs. Copyright: Alfa Laval Lund AB, Sweden. This manual is written in Word 2000 and the illustrations are made in Designer 3.1. Word is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation and Designer of Micrografx Inc. Printed by Prinfo Paritas Kolding A/S, Kolding, Denmark ISBN 91-630-5853-7 III Content Foreword.
    [Show full text]
  • Cooling Technology Institute
    PAPER NO: 18-15 CATEGORY: HVAC APPLIcatIONS COOLING TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE CLOSING THE LOOP – WHICH METHOD IS BEST FOR YOUR SYSTEM? FRANK MORRISON ANDREW RUSHWORTH BALTIMORE AIRCOIL COMPANY The studies and conclusions reported in this paper are the results of the author’s own work. CTI has not investigated, and CTI expressly disclaims any duty to investigate, any product, service process, procedure, design, or the like that may be described herein. The appearance of any technical data, editorial material, or advertisement in this publication does not constitute endorsement, warranty, or guarantee by CTI of any product, service process, procedure, design, or the like. CTI does not warranty that the information in this publication is free of errors, and CTI does not necessarily agree with any statement or opinion in this publication. The user assumes the entire risk of the use of any information in this publication. Copyright 2018. All rights reserved. Presented at the 2018 Cooling Technology Institute Annual Conference Houston, Texas - February 4-8, 2018 This page left intentionally blank. Page 2 of 32 Closing The Loop – Which Method is Best for Your System? Abstract Closed loop cooling systems deliver many benefits compared to traditional open loop systems, such as reduced system fouling, reduced risk of fluid contamination, lower maintenance, and increased system reliability and uptime. Several methods are used to close the cooling loop, including the use of an open circuit cooling tower coupled with a plate & frame heat exchanger or the use of a closed circuit cooling tower. This study compares the total installed cost of open circuit cooling tower / heat exchanger combinations versus closed circuit cooling towers, including equipment, material, and labor costs.
    [Show full text]
  • Four Types of Heat Exchanger Failures
    Four Types of Heat Exchanger Failures . mechanical, chemically induced corrosion, combination of mechanical and chemically induced corrosion, and scale, mud, and algae fouling By MARVIN P. SCHWARTZ, Chief Product Engineer, ITT Bell & Gossett a unit of Fluid Handling Div., International Telephone & Telegraph Corp , Skokie IL Hcat exchangers usually provide a long service life with Maximum recommended velocity in the tubes and little or no maintenance because they do not contain any entrance nozzle is a function of many variables, including moving parts. However, there are four types of heat tube material, fluid handled, and temperature. Materials exchanger failures that can occur, and can usually be such as steel, stainless steel, and copper-nickel withstand prevented: mechanical, chemically induced corrosion, higher tube velocities than copper. Copper is normally combination of mechanical and chemically induced limited to 7.5 fps; the other materials can handle 10 or 11 corrosion, and scale, mud. and algae fouling. fps. If water is flowing through copper tubing, the velocity This article provides the plant engineer with a detailed should be less than 7.5 fps when it contains suspended look at the problems that can develop and describes the solids or is softened. corrective actions that should be taken to prevent them. Erosion problems on the outside of tubes usually result Mechanical-These failures can take seven different from impingement of wet, high-velocity gases, such as forms: metal erosion, steam or water hammer, vibration, steam. Wet gas impingement is controlled by oversizing thermal fatigue, freeze-up, thermal expansion. and loss of inlet nozzles, or by placing impingement baffles in the cooling water.
    [Show full text]
  • Mold and Indoor Air Quality in Schools
    Mold and Indoor Air Quality in Schools University of Nebraska—Lincoln Extension Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Air quality can be affected by many compounds and organisms Molds and other indoor air pollutants can have negative effects on occupants’ health Some indoor air pollutants can be triggers for asthma ¾A lung disease that, when triggered, can result in severe, acute attacks that can be life threatening 1995 GEO Report… Over 50% of the nation’s schools have poor ventilation and significant sources of pollution in buildings Photo: USDA Factors Affecting IAQ Tighter building construction or remodeling of old structures ¾ Energy efficient practices without adequate ventilation and humidity control Synthetic building materials and furnishings Chemical products used indoors ¾ Some give off Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Pests – Cockroaches, rodents Dust mites and other components of dust Animals – classroom pets Factors Affecting IAQ Pollen Secondhand smoke and combustion High humidity, condensation, leaking roofs (and other parts of buildings) cause moisture problems when food (organic matter) and other conditions are present Moisture Time Mold! Photo: University of Nebraska Leaking Roofs and Buildings Allow Entry of: Moisture Insects Rodents Organic materials (i.e. soil) Pollutants Photo: University of Nebraska Potential Air Pollution Sources Inadequately vented gas appliances Formaldehyde from new building products Other products, including pesticides Health Consequences of Poor Indoor Air Quality Short-term health effects of pollutants:
    [Show full text]
  • Process Heat Exchanger Options for the Advanced High Temperature Reactor
    INL/EXT-11-21584 Revision 1 Process Heat Exchanger Options for the Advanced High Temperature Reactor Piyush Sabharwall Eung Soo Kim Michael McKellar Nolan Anderson Mike Patterson June 2011 DISCLAIMER This information was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. References herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trade mark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. INL/EXT-11-21584 Revision 1 Process Heat Exchanger Options for the Advanced High Temperature Reactor Piyush Sabharwall Eung Soo Kim Michael McKellar Nolan Anderson Mike Patterson June 2011 Idaho National Laboratory Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 Revision 1 ABSTRACT This study defines the design options for a secondary heat exchanger that couples the intermediate loop of a molten-salt-cooled nuclear reactor to a power production process. It is the first of several studies needed to select, develop, and demonstrate a secondary heat exchanger.
    [Show full text]
  • Engine Cooling Systems
    Emergency Diesel Generator Engine Cooling Systems 6.0 ENGINE COOLING SYSTEMS If this heat is not removed, engine internal temperatures would soon reach a point of This chapter identifies the major component damage and engine failure. All components of the diesel engine cooling commercial diesel engines use some form systems and explains how each system is of cooling system to absorb this heat and necessary for reliable operation of the transfer it to a heat absorbing medium engine. outside of the engine. Learning Objectives Many modern engines are equipped with turbocharging systems to provide enough As a result of this lesson, you will be able to: air to allow the burning of the fuel required to produce the required power. The 1. State the purpose of a diesel engine turbocharging system adds heat to the jacket water cooling system. combustion air. In order to ensure that sufficient pounds of air are provided for the 2. Identify the major components of a combustion of the fuel, it is necessary to typical diesel engine jacket water cool the combustion air before it goes into cooling system and describe the the engine cylinders (to maintain the air operation of each. density). This is done by means of a radiator-like heat exchanger called the air 3. State the purpose and describe the intercooler, or aftercooler, and mounted in operation of the jacket water keepwarm the piping between the turbocharger and circulation system as is commonly compressor outlet and the engine air used on nuclear application diesel manifold. This radiator removes excess engines. heat from the combustion air.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance Analysis of a Residential Ground Source Heat Pump System with Antifreeze Solution
    PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A RESIDENTIAL GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP SYSTEM WITH ANTIFREEZE SOLUTION M.H. Khan J.D. Spitler, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma. [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT If the minimum anticipated fluid temperature in a ground source heat pump system falls near or below 0oC, an antifreeze mixture must be used to prevent freezing in the heat pump. The antifreeze mixture type and concentration has a number of implications for the design and performance of the system. These include the required ground loop heat exchanger length, the capacity and energy consumption of the heat pump, the circulating pump selection, pumping energy, and the first cost of the system. For example, the required ground loop heat exchanger length and first cost will decrease, due to lower permissible operating temperatures, with increasing antifreeze concentration in heating-dominated climates. On the other hand, the antifreeze also degrades the heat pump performance; operating costs can be expected to increase with increasing antifreeze concentration, and a larger capacity heat pump may be needed. The complex interaction between all of the design variables makes it difficult to choose an optimal design, and it is desirable to have a simulation and life cycle cost analysis that can be used to evaluate all of the variable interactions, to be used as the basis for an optimal design procedure. This paper reports on a simulation procedure implemented in HVACSIM+ and a life cycle cost analysis and gives example result for a typical Canadian residential building. Four different antifreeze mixtures are considered; methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol and ethylene glycol.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Residential Air-To-Air Heat and Moisture Exchangers on Indoor Humidity
    ., Effect of Residential Air-to-Air Heat and Moisture Exchangers on Indoor Humidity C.G. Barringer, P.E. C.A. McGugan, P.E. Associate Member ASHRAE ABSTRACT relative humidity tends to be low, the addition of humidifiers A project was undertaken to develop guidelines for usually produces an increase in space heating loads. In the selection of residential heat and moisture recovery humid climates, higher indoor humidities usually result in ventilation systems (HRVs) in order to maintain an accept­ higher air-conditioning and/or dehumidifying loads. able indoor humidity for various climatic conditions. These A possible alternative to humidifiers and dehumidifiers guidelines were developed from reviews on ventilation is the heat and moisture recovery ventilator. These heat requirements, HRV performance specifications, and from recovery ventilators transfer moisture in addition to sensible computer modeling. Space conditions within three heat. Consequently, they act to maintain indoor humidity house/occupancy models for several types of HRV were conditions. In dry climates, these units will prevent exces­ simulated for three climatic conditions (Lake Charles, LA; sively low indoor humidities. In hot, humid climates, mois­ Seattle, WA; and Winnipeg, MB) in order to determine the ture recovery units reduce air-conditioning latent loads. impact of the HRVs on indoor relative humidity and space­ Currently, there is no information on appropriate con­ conditioning loads. ditions for the use of moisture recovery ventilators or on Results show that when reduction of cooling cost is their economic benefits. Clearly there is a need for this in­ the main consideration, exchangers with moisture recov­ formation. The objective of this project was to establish ery are preferable to sensible HRVs.
    [Show full text]
  • Refrigeration Product & Application Catalog
    Refrigeration Product & Application Catalog ■ Liquid DX Evaporators ■ Condenser/Heat Pumps ■ Industrial Condensers ■ Subcoolers ■ Fluid to Fluid ■ Special Applications ■ Shell and Tube Replacement Brazed Plate Optional ASME Certified Heat Exchangers GEA PHE Systems NA, Inc. Refrigeration Heat Exchangers 21ST Century Technology Easy to Insulate Properly Sized Refrigerant Proven Performance Connections Unique to FlatPlate® is exacting performance and expertise from the factory. In this catalog there are select models specifically designed for refrigeration. FlatPlate® designs have been tested for proven performance and can be computer selected for a wide range of operating conditions, fluids, and applications. Compact Stud Bolts for Installation A History of Reliability and Mounting Braze plate heat exchangers have a solid background and have evolved from 60 years of plate heat exchanger technology. With FlatPlate®, all models have field proven reliability and important features built-in. FlatPlate® is the High leading innovator in the U.S. of this technology for Performance refrigeration and hydronics. Heat Transfer Surface Working Temperatures: -320°F to 350°F Working Pressures: to 450 psig Easy Sweat™ Refrigerants: R22, R134a, R407c Connections R404a, R410a & others Approvals: U.L. Listed, U.S. and Canada Canadian CRN European CE (optional) Built-in DX Distribution ASME Stamped (optional) Totally Sealed Device for Proper Construction Capacity and Stability (CH and SC Models) Optional ASME Certified Simply Effective FlatPlate®’s Brazed Plate Heat Exchangers consist of 10 to 200 specially formed stainless steel plates, which are then copper brazed together in a vacuum furnace for leak tight, rugged construction. When stacked, the plates form two separate flow passages between the plates, thus allowing a liquid or refrigerant to flow between every other plate.
    [Show full text]