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(001-002) Sumario Itea 109-1

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(001-002) Sumario Itea 109-1 Sumario Producción Vegetal Influencia de la fertilización nitrogenada y potásica en la calidad aromática de flores de Lilium “Starfighter”. Influence of nitrogen and potassium fertilization in the aromatic quality in Lilium “Starfighter” flowers. G. Salazar-Orozco, M.C. Ruíz-Sánchez, L.A. Valdez-Aguilar, L. Pistelli, C. Ruíz-Olmos y A. Grassotti 3 Control de la Fusariosis vascular en clavel en el suroeste de España mediante la biode- sinfección del suelo. Control of Fusarium vascular wilt on carnation using soil bio-disinfection in south west of Spain. A. García-Ruiz, D. Palmero, D.L. Valera, M. De Cara, C.A. Ruíz, A. Boix y F. Camacho 13 Producción Animal Efecto de la suplementación con suero fetal bovino (FCS), albumia sérica bovina (BSA) y polivinil pirrolidona (PVP) en el medio de maduración in vitro de los ovocitos bovinos. Effect of fetal calf serum (FCS), bovine albumin serum (BSA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) suplementation in bovine oocyte maturation medium in vitro. J. Caínzos, M. Barrio, S. Ruibal, J.J. Becerra, L.A. Quintela y P.G. Herradón 25 Efecto de la immunocastración y de la castración quirúrgica sobre los rendimientos productivos y la calidad de la canal en cerdas Ibéricas de cebo. The effect of immunocastration and surgically castration on growth performance and carcass quality in fattening period of Iberian female pigs. J. Gómez-Fernández, S. Horcajada, C. Tomás, E. Gómez-Izquierdo y E. de Mercado 33 Análisis de la evolución del manejo en las explotaciones de toro de lidia. Desafíos del sector. Analysis of the evolution of management system in figthing bull farms. Sector issues and challenges. J.M. Lomillos, M.E. Alonso y V. Gaudioso 49 2 Evaluación de áreas ganaderas en la zona de amortiguamiento de una reserva natural en Chiapas, México. Assessment of areas under livestock use in the buffer zone of a nature reserve in Chia pas, Mexico. H. Gómez Castro, D. Galdámez Figueroa, F. Guevara Hernández, A. Ley de Coss y R. Pinto Ruiz 69 Economía Agraria ¿Conocimiento, medio ambiente o salud? Una investigación sobre los determinantes del consumo de alimentos ecológicos en España. Knowledge, environment or health? Investigating the factors that explain organic food consumption in Spain. B. López-Galán, A. Gracia y J. Barreiro-Hurle 86 Posicionamiento de envases en el mercado del aceite de oliva virgen extra: un estudio exploratorio. Positioning of packaging in the market for extra virgin olive oil: an exploratory study. M. Parras-Rosa, M. Vega-Zamora, F.J. Torres-Ruiz, E.M. Murgado-Armenteros y M. Gutiérrez-Salcedo 107 Salazar-Orozco et al. ITEA (2013), Vol. 109 (1), 3-12 3 Influencia de la fertilización nitrogenada y potásica en la calidad aromática de flores de Lilium “Starfighter” G. Salazar-Orozco*,1, M.C. Ruíz-Sánchez**, L.A. Valdez-Aguilar***, L. Pistelli****, C. Ruíz-Olmos* y A. Grassotti***** * Dpto Prod Vegetal, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almería, España ** Dpto Riego, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Murcia, España *** Dpto Horticultura, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, México **** Dpto Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italia ***** CRAVIV. Via dei Fiori 8, 51012, Pescia PT. Italia Resumen Lilium es una planta ornamental productora de metabolitos secundarios, expresados como aroma floral que es una mezcla de compuestos aromáticos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los principales com- puestos aromáticos de ésta fragancia floral y el efecto de la nutrición potásica y nitrogenada en su con- centración en Lilium híbrido oriental “Starfighter” para flor de corte. Se cultivaron bulbos de Lilium “Star- fighter” bajo seis tratamientos de fertirriego, divididos en dos grupos, con tres repeticiones cada uno; un grupo con 12 mM (Control), 5 mM y 1 mM de N y el otro con 10 mM, 7 mM (control), 5 mM y 0 mM de K; el tratamiento con 12 mM de N y 7 mM de K fue el mismo y se considero como control en ambos grupos. A las flores frescas se les determinó el porcentaje de producción de compuestos aromáticos por microex- tracción en fase sólida (SPME), y los resultados se compararon e identificaron con la base de datos de la biblioteca Adams. El contenido en porcentaje respecto al peso seco de N y K se determinó en muestras secas. El aroma de Lilium “Starfighter” resultó ser una mezcla principalmente de compuestos de bajo peso molecular como: 1,8-cineole, β-Ocimene, Linalool, Terpineol g-Terpineol, Myrtenyl acetate, 2- Methoxy- p-cresol, Methyl benzoate, 2,4 Demethylbenzaldehyde y Nonanal. La comparación entre el contenido de N y K en las muestras secas y el porcentaje identificado de compuestos aromáticos confirman que existe relación entre la nutrición suministrada con la concentración de compuestos aromáticos. Palabras clave: Lilium, fertirriego, aroma floral, metabolitos secundarios, compuestos aromáticos. Abstract Influence of nitrogen and potassium fertilization in the aromatic quality in Lilium “Starfighter” flowers Lilium “Starfighter” is an ornamental plant with production of secondary metabolites, expressed like as a floral scent and is a mixture of aromatic compounds. The aim of this work was to identify the main aromatic compounds in this floral scent, and the effects of potassium and nitrogen nutrition on their production and concentration. Bulbs of Easter Lily “Starfighter” were cultivated under six treatments of fertigation, divided into two groups, with three replicates each; one group with 12 mM (Control), 5 mM and 1 mM of N and the other with 10 mM, 7 mM (control), 5 mM and 0 mM K; on fresh flowers it was determinated the percentage of production of aromatic compounds by solid phase extraction, and their identification it was made by the library of Adams (2008); in dry was made the determination the contents in percentage of N and K. The floral scent of easter Lily “Starfighter” turns out to be a mix- 1. Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] 4 Salazar-Orozco et al. ITEA (2013), Vol. 109 (1), 3-12 ture mainly of low molecular weight compounds as: 1,8 cineole, β-Ocimene, Linalool, Terpineol g-Ter- pineol, Myrtenyl acetate, 2-Methoxy-p-cresol, Methyl benzoate, 2,4 Demethylbenzaldehyde and Nonanal. The comparison between the contents of N and K in the dry samples with the percentage of aromatic compounds identified, confirm a relationship between nutrition provided and the concen- tration of some aromatic compounds. Key words: Lilium, fertigation, floral scents, secondary metabolites, aromatic compounds. Introducción gida, ya que su producción se limita a un gé- nero, una familia o incluso una especie, y se La horticultura ornamental ha alcanzado sintetizan en pequeñas cantidades. No obs- gran importancia en el sector agrícola en Mé- tante, los metabolitos secundarios realizan xico. El Estado de México, principal productor funciones importantes en la planta como con- de ornamentales a nivel nacional, en 2007 si- ferir una mayor resistencia a enfermedades, tuó al Lilium como uno de los cinco cultivos en el control de malezas mediante la produc- de mayor demanda, superado solamente por ción de compuestos alelopáticos, o incremen- crisantemo, gladiolo, clavel, rosa y gerbera. La tar el sabor de frutas y/o aroma de las flores superficie cultivada con esta especie ha sido (Palá, 2002; Oyama, 2005; Asaph et al., 2006). una de las que más se ha incrementado en los El perfume o aroma es conferido al órgano ve- últimos años, no sólo a nivel nacional, sino getativo (hojas, flores o frutos), por una mez- también internacional (Rubí et al., 2009). cla de aceites esenciales, fracciones líquidas Con el establecimiento de esta planta en el volátiles generalmente destilables en agua o mercado y bajo el esquema de producción in- en corriente de vapor. Generalmente son mez- tensiva, es necesario buscar alternativas que clas complejas de más de 100 componentes de coadyuven a la mejora de la producción. En bajo peso molecular (alcanos, alcoholes, alde- este sentido, la aplicación de fertilizantes hídos, cetonas, esteres y ácidos), terpenoides pretende optimizar el rendimiento y mejorar (monoterpenos, sesquiterpenos y diterpenos) los parámetros de calidad en todo tipo de y fenilpropanoides (Palá, 2002; Lee et al., plantas cultivadas y especialmente en cultivos 2004). Las principales rutas de biosíntesis de es- ornamentales. Este es el caso de las especies tos metabolitos secundarios derivan del me- de la familia Asteraceae, de importancia en tabolismo primario del nitrógeno (N) (Bour- alimentación, en los subproductos obtenidos gaud et al., 2001), y del carbono y se sintetizan por la industria, o en la producción de meta- a través de tres rutas: la del ácido mevalónico bolitos secundarios, como colorantes y per- (activa en el citosol), para terpenoides, la del fumes (Del Vitto y Petenatti, 2009). ácido siquímico, para los fenilpropanoides, y la vía metabólica de biosíntesis de ácidos gra- Las plantas superiores gastan una cantidad sos, para los compuestos alicíclicos (Palá, 2002; significativa de nutrientes y energía en sinte- Ávalos y Pérez-Urria, 2009). tizar una amplia variedad de moléculas orgá- nicas que no tienen un papel directo en los Durante siglos estos productos han sido usa- procesos de fotosíntesis, absorción, transporte dos en medicina tradicional y hoy en día tam - o síntesis de proteínas, carbohidratos o lípidos; bién son valiosos como materia prima para la son los denominados metabolitos secunda- industria farmacéutica, cosmética y más re- rios, que se diferencian de los metabolitos cientemente la nutracéutica. Estudios reali- primarios por tener una distribución restrin- zados en los países occidentales, donde la Salazar-Orozco et al. ITEA (2013), Vol. 109 (1), 3-12 5 química es el pilar principal de la industria Materiales y métodos farmacéutica, indican que el 25% de las mo- léculas usadas son de origen natural (Bour- El estudio fue realizado en 2010 en Pescia gaud et al., 2001).
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