1 PARIS 1919: ITALY POSITION PAPER War Experience The
PARIS 1919: ITALY POSITION PAPER War Experience The conflict was a tremendous strain for a society already divided between a prosperous, industrializing north and an agrarian, tradition-bound, and less affluent south. The great promise of genuine unification of the 1860s remained elusive. Italy’s economy had grown only slowly, and Italy’s brief forays into foreign affairs had been quite embarrassing, and in the case of its defeat by the Ethiopians at Aduwa in 1896, downright humiliating. When the First War broke out, Italy was allied to its traditional enemy Austria-Hungary as well as to Germany. Under the terms of the Triple Alliance, however, Italy was only obliged to defend its allies if they were attacked first. The Italians used the fact that Austria-Hungary had declared on Serbia as a reason to remain neutral. In any event, at that early stage, little enthusiasm was present among Italians for entering a conflict that many believed had little to do with their nation’s interest. As the war dragged on, however, an increasing number of liberals, republicans, socialists and nationalists, certainly not mutually exclusive, began arguing for intervention on the Allied side. By 1915, when negotiations with the Allies commenced in this regard, the latter appeared to be doing quite well. In addition, and perhaps more importantly, the Allies were prepared to offer Italy a better deal than the Central Powers. First and foremost, Italy coveted Austro-Hungarian territory. The Allies, for their part, were anxious to break the deadlock of the Western Front by attacking the enemy elsewhere.
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