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TCP/IP Fundamentals for Microsoft Windows

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TCP/IP Fundamentals for Microsoft Windows TCP/IP Fundamentals for Microsoft Windows Microsoft Corporation Published: May 21, 2006 Updated: Jan 9, 2012 Author: Joseph Davies Editor: Anne Taussig Abstract This online book is a structured, introductory approach to the basic concepts and principles of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol suite, how the most important protocols function, and their basic configuration in the Microsoft® Windows Vista™, Windows Server® 2008, Windows® XP, and Windows Server 2003 families of operating systems. This book is primarily a discussion of concepts and principles to lay a conceptual foundation for the TCP/IP protocol suite and provides an integrated discussion of both Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). The information contained in this document represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information presented after the date of publication. This content is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. The terms of use of this document can be found at http://www.microsoft.com/info/cpyright.mspx. Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from Microsoft, the furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property. Unless otherwise noted, the example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places, and events depicted herein are fictitious, and no association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, email address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred. © 2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Active Directory, Windows, Windows NT 4.0, Windows Vista, and Windows Server are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. Contents Chapter 1 – Introduction to TCP/IP ........................................................................................................ 1 Chapter Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 2 History of TCP/IP ................................................................................................................................... 3 The Internet Standards Process ............................................................................................................ 5 Requests for Comments (RFCs) ........................................................................................................ 5 TCP/IP Terminology ............................................................................................................................... 7 TCP/IP Components in Windows........................................................................................................... 9 Configuring the IPv4-based TCP/IP Component in Windows ............................................................ 9 Automatic Configuration ............................................................................................................... 10 Manual Configuration .................................................................................................................... 11 Installing and Configuring the IPv6-based TCP/IP Component in Windows ................................... 12 Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 ................................................................................... 12 Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 ...................................................................................... 13 Name Resolution Files in Windows .................................................................................................. 14 TCP/IP Tools in Windows ................................................................................................................. 14 The Ipconfig Tool .......................................................................................................................... 15 The Ping Tool ............................................................................................................................... 16 Network Monitor ............................................................................................................................... 17 Chapter Summary ................................................................................................................................ 19 Chapter Glossary ................................................................................................................................. 20 Chapter 2 – Architectural Overview of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite .................................................... 23 Chapter Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 24 The TCP/IP Protocol Suite ................................................................................................................... 25 Network Interface Layer ................................................................................................................... 25 Internet Layer ................................................................................................................................... 26 Transport Layer ................................................................................................................................ 26 Application Layer .............................................................................................................................. 27 IPv4 Internet Layer ............................................................................................................................... 28 ARP .................................................................................................................................................. 28 ARP Cache ................................................................................................................................... 28 TCP/IP Fundamentals for Microsoft Windows Page: i ARP Process ................................................................................................................................ 29 Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) ..................................................................................................... 30 Fragmentation and Reassembly ................................................................................................... 31 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ...................................................................................... 31 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) ................................................................................. 32 IPv6 Internet Layer ............................................................................................................................... 34 IPv6 .................................................................................................................................................. 34 IPv6 Extension Headers ............................................................................................................... 35 Fragmentation in IPv6 ................................................................................................................... 35 Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 (ICMPv6) ..................................................................... 36 Neighbor Discovery (ND) ................................................................................................................. 37 Address Resolution ....................................................................................................................... 38 Router Discovery .......................................................................................................................... 39 Address Autoconfiguration............................................................................................................ 39 Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) ................................................................................................. 39 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) .................................................................................................. 41 TCP Ports ......................................................................................................................................... 41 TCP Three-Way Handshake ............................................................................................................ 42 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ........................................................................................................... 43 UDP Ports......................................................................................................................................... 43 Packet Multiplexing
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