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Gulf of Riga (Latvia)
EUROSION Case Study GULF OF RIGA (LATVIA) Contact: Ramunas POVILANSKAS 31 EUCC Baltic Office Tel: +37 (0)6 312739 or +37 (0)6 398834 e-mail: [email protected] 1 EUROSION Case Study 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA The length of the Latvian coastline along the Baltic proper and the Gulf of Riga is 496 km. Circa 123 km of the coastline is affected by erosion. The case area ‘Gulf of Riga’ focuses on coastal development within the Riga metropolitan area, which includes the coastal zone of two urban municipalities (pilsetas) – Riga and Jurmala (Figure 1). Riga is the capital city of Latvia. It is located along the lower stream and the mouth of the Daugava river. Its several districts (Bulli, Daugavgriva, Bolderaja, Vecdaugava, Mangali and Vecaki) lie in the deltas of Daugava and Lielupe rivers and on the Gulf of Riga coast. Jurmala municipality is adjacent to Riga from the west. It stretches ca. 30 km along the Gulf of Riga. It is the largest Latvian and Eastern Baltic seaside resort. 1.1 Physical process level 1.1.1 Classification According to the coastal typology adopted for the EUROSION project, the case study area can be described as: 3b. Wave-dominated sediment. Plains. Microtidal river delta. Within this major coastal type several coastal formations and habitats occur, including the river delta and sandy beaches with bare and vegetated sand dunes. Fig. 1: Location of the case study area. 1.1.2 Geology Recent geological history of the case area since the end of the latest Ice Age (ca. -
Geomorphology of the Indian Coast
Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 86 No. 1 March 2020 pp. 365-368 Printed in India. DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2020/49798 Status Report 2016-2019 Geomorphology of the Indian Coast: Review of Recent Work (2016-19) NILESH BHATT* Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, India (Received on 19 September 2019; Accepted on 29 September 2019) Coastal landscape is the net result of an equilibrium attained between large numbers of interacting variables over very small (daily) to large (millennial) time periods. The Indian coastline falls in humid (having two monsoons), semi-arid and arid climate with rocky, muddy and sandy segments. The local structural controls are also manifested by coastal configuration and geomorphology. Recent work published on the coastal geomorphology of India is mainly found focusing on the dynamic nature of shoreline addressing through various applications of remote sensing. Major emphasis has remained to evaluate the coastal changes in terms of coastal erosion and natural hazard potential. The review presents a highlight of the work published during the period of 2016-19. Keywords: Coastline Change; Geomorphology; Coast; India Introduction geomorphological assemblage has been envisaged by Ramkumar et al. (2016). However, recent (2016-19) Large landmass of India constitutes a peninsula having researches on Indian coastal geomorphology have about 7500 km long coastline that obviously exhibits a largely focused morphological changes of the coastal variety of subdomains due to geological, climatic and configurations using remote sensing data. ecological variations all throughout. The coastline of India consists of several segments with varied tidal East Coast range from less than 1 m to as high as 12 m. -
Chevron-Shaped Accumulations Along the Coastlines of Australia As Potential Tsunami Evidences?
CHEVRON-SHAPED ACCUMULATIONS ALONG THE COASTLINES OF AUSTRALIA AS POTENTIAL TSUNAMI EVIDENCES? Dieter Kelletat Anja Scheffers Geographical Department, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstr. 15 D-45141 Essen, Germany e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Along the Australian coastline leaf- or blade-like chevrons appear at many places, sometimes similar to parabolic coastal dunes, but often with unusual shapes including curvatures or angles to the coastline. They also occur at places without sandy beaches as source areas, and may be truncated by younger beach ridges. Their dimensions reach several kilometers inland and altitudes of more than 100 m. Vegetation development proves an older age. Judging by the shapes of the chevrons at some places, at least two generations of these forms can be identified. This paper dis- cusses the distribution patterns of chevrons (in particular for West Australia), their various appearances, and the possible genesis of these deposits, based mostly on the interpretations of aerial photographs. Science of Tsunami Hazards, Volume 21, Number 3, page 174 (2003) 1. INTRODUCTION The systematic monitoring of tsunami during the last decades has shown that they are certainly not low frequency events: on average, about ten events have been detected every year – or more than 1000 during the last century (Fig. 1, NGDC, 2001) – many of which were powerful enough to leave imprints in the geological record. Focusing only on the catastrophic events, we find for the last 400 years (Fig. 2, NGDC, 2001) that 92 instances with run up of more than 10 m have occurred, 39 instances with more than 20 m, and 14 with more than 50 m, or – statistically and without counting the Lituya Bay events – one every 9 years with more than 20 m run up worldwide. -
Hans Hanson, Lund Universty Hans Hanson, Lund Universty Hans
Hans Hanson, Lund Universty International View - Hurricanes, Cyclones, Typhoons Hans Hanson, Lund Universty Hurricane Damage Hans Hanson, Lund Universty 1 Hurricane Flooding – Katrina in New Orleans 2005 050829 050826 Bah. 050823 Cuba Jam. Haiti Dom.Rep. Category 5 => max wind 95 m/s Hans Hanson, Lund Universty Storm-Threats to Coastal Cities Hans Hanson, Lund Universty Flooding of Cities due to Rain, Rivers, and Tides Hans Hanson, Lund Universty 2 GREEN HOUSE EFFECT Hans Hanson, Lund Universty GREEN HOUSE EFFECT 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 80 18 2 Hans Hanson, Lund Universty GREEN HOUSE EFFECT CO N2O CO2 2 CO2 CH4 CFC Meat Prod. N2O = laughing gas CH4 = methane CFC = freon Hans Hanson, Lund Universty 3 GREEN HOUSE GASES CO2 CH4 (methane) 19% 64% 10% 6% CFC (freon) N O (laughing gas) 1% 2 Other (Ozone, Halone,...) Conc. (PPB) Life (yrs) Rel. Effect CO2 350,000 3-5 1 CH4 1,800 5-10 25 N2O 304 100-150 250 Ozone 40-80 0.1 2,000 CFC 0.6 100 20,000 Hans Hanson, Lund Universty Bogren et al. (2006) PALEO CLIMATOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION Nat’l Geogr., 193(5), 1998 Hans Hanson, Lund Universty CORRELATION CO2 AND TEMPERATURE? 2008 = 385 ppm Inter glacial periods Methane (ppb) IPCC Hans Hanson, Lund Universty 4 RECENT TEMP VARIATIONS IPCC the past 1200 years Small climatic optimum Small ice age Nat’l Acad. Sci., 2006 Hans Hanson, Lund Universty RECENT & PROJECTED CO2 Hans Hanson, Lund Universty IPCC RECENT & PROJECTED TEMP CO2 What is 5 deg temperature difference? IPCC Hans Hanson, Lund Universty 5 5-DEG DIFFERENCE 30 Now Future 25 Cooler periods Warmer periods less common. -
Geomorphology of Mandvi to Mundra Coast, Kachchh, Western India
24 Geosciences Research, Vol. 1, No. 1, November 2016 Geomorphology of Mandvi to Mundra Coast, Kachchh, Western India Heman V. Majethiya, Nishith Y. Bhatt and Paras M. Solanki Geology Department, M.G. Science Institute, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad – 380009. India Email: [email protected] Abstract. Landforms of coast between Mandvi and Mundra in Kachchh and their origin are described here. Various micro-geomorphic features such as delta, beaches (ridge & runnel), coastal dunes, tidal flat, tidal creek, mangrove, backwater, river estuary, bar, spit, saltpan etc. are explained. The delta sediment of Phot River is superimposed by tidal flat sediments deposited later during uplift in last 2000 years. Raise-beach, raise-tidal flat, firm sub-tidal mud pockets on beach, delta and parabolic dune remnants and palaeo-fore dune (Mundra dune) - all these features projects 3 to 4 m high palaeo-sea level than the present day. All these features are superimposed by present day active beach, dune, tidal flat, creek, spit, bar, lagoon, estuary and mangroves. All these are depositional features. Keywords: Coastal Geomorphology, mandvi, mundra, kachchh, landforms. 1 Introduction The micro-geomorphic features, their distribution and origin in Mandvi to Mundra segment of Kachchh are described here. Tides, waves and currents are common coastal processes responsible for erosion, transportation and deposition of the sediments and produce erosional and depositional landform features in the study area. Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of the Earth. Most places in the ocean usually experience two high tides and two low tides each day (semi-diurnal tide), but some locations experience only one high and one low tide each day (diurnal tide). -
USGS Geologic Investigations Series I-2761, Molokai and Lanai
Molokai and Lanai Molokai and Lanai are the least populated and smallest of the main Hawaiian Islands. Both are relatively arid, except for the central mountains of each island and northeast corner of Molokai, so flooding are not as common hazards as on other islands. Lying in the center of the main Hawaiian Islands, Molokai and Lanai are largely sheltered from high annual north and northwest swell and much of south-central Molokai is further sheltered from south swell by Lanai. On the islands of Molokai and Lanai, seismicity is a concern due to their proximity to the Molokai 71 Seismic Zone and the active volcano on the Big Island. Storms and high waves associated with storms pose a threat to the low-lying coastal terraces of south Molokai and northeast Lanai. Molokai and Lanai Index to Technical Hazard Maps 72 Tsunamis tsunami is a series of great waves most commonly caused by violent Amovement of the sea floor. It is characterized by speed (up to 590 mph), long wave length (up to 120 mi), long period between successive crests (varying from 5 min to a few hours,generally 10 to 60 min),and low height in the open ocean. However, on the coast, a tsunami can flood inland 100’s of feet or more and cause much damage and loss of life.Their impact is governed by the magnitude of seafloor displacement related to faulting, landslides, and/or volcanism. Other important factors influenc- ing tsunami behavior are the distance over which they travel, the depth, topography, and morphology of the offshore region, and the aspect, slope, geology, and morphology of the shoreline they inundate. -
Coastal Protection in the Lower Mekong Delta
Co-financed by Published by Thorsten Albers - Dinh Cong San - Klaus Schmitt Shoreline Management Guidelines Coastal Protection in the Lower Mekong Delta I About GIZ in Viet Nam As a federal enterprise, the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Shoreline Management Guidelines Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH supports the German Government in achieving its objectives in the field of international cooperation for sustainable development. We are also engaged in international education work around the globe. Coastal Protection in We have been working with our partners in Viet Nam since 1993 the Lower Mekong Delta and are currently active in three main fields of cooperation: 1) Sustainable Economic Development and Vocational Training (focusing in particular on macroeconomic reform, social protection and vocational training reform); 2) Environmental Policy, Natural Resources and Urban Development (focusing on biodiversity, sustainable forest management, climate change Thorsten Albers, Dinh Cong San and Klaus Schmitt and coastal ecosystems, wastewater management, urban development and renewable energies); and 3) Health. Furthermore, we implement development partnerships with October 2013 the private sector, provide advisory services to the Vietnamese Office of the Government within the framework of the German- Vietnamese dialogue on the rule of law and promote civil society. We also run projects in the fields of non-formal vocational training and working with people with disabilities. In addition, we are involved in the volunteer programme weltwärts. On behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), we are supporting the Vietnamese Government in its goal to turn Viet Nam into an industrialised country by 2020. We are implementing projects commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) that focus on adaptation to and mitigation of climate change and support of renewable energies. -
ALPHABETICAL LIST of CERTAIN LOCAL COMMON GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES APPEARING on MARINE CHARTS WHICH ARE GENERALLY NOT TRANSLATED. Prep
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CERTAIN LOCAL COMMON GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES APPEARING ON MARINE CHARTS WHICH ARE GENERALLY NOT TRANSLATED. Prepared by the International Hydrographic Bureau. INTRODUCTION. We have grouped below, in an alphabetical list, a collection of geographical common names and adjectives which, in practice, are generally not translated but are retained, in any case,in a form of transcription conforming* more or less to the original orthography, and which appear on the marine charts published or reproduced by the various countries. Lists of this kind are sometimes given in the topographical atlases on the charts of which a large number of geographical names are preserved in the form and with the orthography of the country to which they belong. The list which we have prepared from documents in the possession of the International Hydrographic Bureau, by adding the signification in French and English to each term, does not constitute a dictionary or a vocabulary. We have simply sought to avoid the omission of the most important terms relating to hydrography and for which terms a translation is generally not required on the reproductions. No special rule has been followed with regard to the transcription of names, owing to the lack of any common orthographic rule applicable to the phonetic transcription of all the languages, whether they use latin characters or not. Thus, one finds in the list, for instance, the Arabic word for m ountain given indiscriminately under the form of Jebel (English orthography) or D jebel (French orthography) or also Gebei (Italian orthography) etc. In order to partially remedy this defect it will suffice to invite attention to certain approximate phonetic equivalents, such as those indicated later on in our note. -
LANDSCAPE STUDY of the ISLAND of CRES Local Development LOCAL DEVELOPMENT Pilot Project ISLAND of PILOT PROJECT “ISLAND CRES of CRES”
Local development pilot project LANDSCAPE STUDY OF THE ISLAND OF CRES Local Development LOCAL DEVELOPMENT Pilot Project ISLAND OF PILOT PROJECT “ISLAND CRES OF CRES” PROJECT IMPLEMENTED BY: OTRA d.o.o. PROJECT FINANCIALLY SUPPORTED BY: Council of Europe Ministry of culture Primorje-Gorski kotar County Town of Cres ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document would not have been possible without cooperation and contribution of all the stakeholders involved in this project: Institutions: Ministry of culture of the Republic of Croatia │ Ministry of environmental and nature protection of the │ Republic of Croatia │ Oikon d.o.o. │ 3e projekti d.o.o. Members of the coordination team: dr. sc. Tatjana Lolić │ dr. sc. Ugo Toić │ Tanja Kremenić, mag. geogr. │ Mirna Bojić, dipl. ing. agr. │ dr. sc. Goran Andlar │ dr. sc. Biserka Dumbović-Bilušić │ mr. sc. Ksenija Petrić, dipl. ing. arh. │ Višnja Šteko, mag. ing. prosp. arch. Narrators: Inhabitants of the island of Cres and experts involved in this project LANDSCAPE STUDY OF THE ISLAND OF CRES Mentors: dr. sc. Goran Andlar, mag. ing. prosp. arch. Tanja Kremenić, mag. geogr. Miran Križanić, mag. ing. arh. Marija Borovičkić, mag. hist. art. et ethnol. et anthrop. Council of Europe consultant Alexis Gérard, krajobrazni arhitekt Executive team: Nikolina Krešo, mag. ing. prosp. arch. Marija Kušan, stud. prosp. arch. Ana Knežević, stud. prosp. arch. Anita Trojanović, stud. prosp. arch. Jure Čulić, mag. ing. prosp. arch. Mateja Leljak, mag. ing. prosp. arch. Dijana Krišto, stud. prosp. arch. Tanja Udovč, mag. ing. prosp. arch. Cres, December 2015 4 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................7 4.2. Landscape Unit Of The Town Of Cres ....................................... -
Gothenburg 150527 Hans Hanson – Gothenburg 150527
HansHans Hanson Hanson - Gothenburg – Gothenburg 150527 150527 LECTURE OVERVIEW Sea Level Rise Protective Measures Beach Nourishment Sand as Storm Protection Value of Beaches Water Levels and Consequences in Skanör/Falsterbo Hans Hanson – Gothenburg 150527 EXPECTED CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES ’OF INTEREST’ Rising sea levels! Increased storminess? Bigger waves More storm damages More coastal erosion Hans Hanson – GothenburgMore flooding 150527 CLIMATE CHANGE vs. VARIABILITY Hans Hanson – Gothenburg 150527 FUTURE SEA LEVELS! – WE THINK! SMHI 2009 estimation 100 cm for The Baltic Sea Historical Trend IPCC Hans Hanson – Gothenburg 150527 CONSEQUENCES OF SEA LEVEL RISE Shoreline Recession Shoreline Recession Higher Sea Level Low, flat coast High, steep Lower Sea Level coast Sea Hans Hanson – Gothenburg 150527 SEA LEVEL RISE! WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BEACH? R1 New SL Present Sea Level Rocky shore New bottom? Present Bottom Level 1 1 Hans Hanson – Gothenburg 150527 SEA LEVEL RISE! WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BEACH? R R1 FutureNew SL Sea Level Present Sea Level Rocky shore New bottom? Present Bottom Level 1 1 Hans Hanson – Gothenburg 150527 SEA LEVEL RISE! WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BEACH? R1 New SL Present Sea Level Sandy shore New bottom? Present Bottom Level 1 1 Hans Hanson – Gothenburg 150527 SEA LEVEL RISE! WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BEACH? R1 FutureNew SL Sea Level Present Sea Level Sandy shore FutureNew bottom? Bottom Level Present Bottom Level 1 1 Hans Hanson – Gothenburg 150527 SEA LEVEL RISE! WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BEACH? R Eroded material Future Sea Level B Ackumulated material A Present Sea Level S Present beach profile Future beach profile R = S/bottom slope Sandy shore Bruun rule: An increase S of MSL => coastal erosion R = S/bottom slope. -
THE INDIAN OCEAN the GEOLOGY of ITS BORDERING LANDS and the CONFIGURATION of ITS FLOOR by James F
0 CX) !'f) I a. <( ~ DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE INDIAN OCEAN THE GEOLOGY OF ITS BORDERING LANDS AND THE CONFIGURATION OF ITS FLOOR By James F. Pepper and Gail M. Everhart MISCELLANEOUS GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS MAP I-380 0 CX) !'f) PUBLISHED BY THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I - ], WASHINGTON, D. C. a. 1963 <( :E DEPARTMEI'fr OF THE ltfrERIOR TO ACCOMPANY MAP J-S80 UNITED STATES OEOLOOICAL SURVEY THE lliDIAN OCEAN THE GEOLOGY OF ITS BORDERING LANDS AND THE CONFIGURATION OF ITS FLOOR By James F. Pepper and Gail M. Everhart INTRODUCTION The ocean realm, which covers more than 70percent of ancient crustal forces. The patterns of trend of the earth's surface, contains vast areas that have lines or "grain" in the shield areas are closely re scarcely been touched by exploration. The best'known lated to the ancient "ground blocks" of the continent parts of the sea floor lie close to the borders of the and ocean bottoms as outlined by Cloos (1948), who continents, where numerous soundings have been states: "It seems from early geological time the charted as an aid to navigation. Yet, within this part crust has been divided into polygonal fields or blocks of the sea floQr, which constitutes a border zone be of considerable thickness and solidarity and that this tween the toast and the ocean deeps, much more de primary division formed and orientated later move tailed information is needed about the character of ments." the topography and geology. At many places, strati graphic and structural features on the coast extend Block structures of this kind were noted by Krenke! offshore, but their relationships to the rocks of the (1925-38, fig. -
Michigan Coastal Zone Management Program Office of the Great Lakes Department of Environmental Quality
Section 309 Assessment and Five-Year Strategy for Coastal Zone Management Enhancement Fiscal Years 2016-2020 Michigan Coastal Zone Management Program Office of the Great Lakes Department of Environmental Quality December 2015 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 Stakeholder Input ....................................................................................................................... 4 Summary of Completed Section 309 Projects Included in the Previous Section 309 Assessment and Strategy ............................................................................................................ 5 Phase I Assessments ....................................................................................................................... 7 Wetlands ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Coastal Hazards ......................................................................................................................... 13 Public Access ............................................................................................................................. 23 Marine Debris ........................................................................................................................... 29 Cumulative and Secondary Impacts.........................................................................................