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New Freshwater Snails of the Genus Pyrgulopsis (Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae) from California

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New Freshwater Snails of the Genus Pyrgulopsis (Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae) from California THE VELIGER CMS, Inc., 1995 The Veliger 38(4):343-373 (October 2, 1995) New Freshwater Snails of the Genus Pyrgulopsis (Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae) from California by ROBERT HERSHLER Department of Invertebrate Zoology (Mollusks), National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 20560, USA Abstract. Seven new species of Recent springsnails belonging to the large genus Pyrgulopsis are described from California. Pyrgulopsis diablensis sp. nov., known from a single site in the San Joaquin Valley, P. longae sp. nov., known from a single site in the Great Basin (Lahontan system), and P. taylori sp. nov., narrowly endemic in one south-central coastal drainage, are related to a group of previously known western species also having terminal and penial glands on the penis. Pyrgulopsis eremica sp. nov., from the Great Basin and other interior drainages in northeast California, and P. greggi sp. nov., narrowly endemic in the Upper Kern River basin, differ from all other described congeners in lacking penial glands, and are considered to be derived from a group of western species having a small distal lobe and weakly developed terminal gland. Pyrgulopsis gibba sp. nov., known from a few sites in extreme northeastern California (Great Basin), has a unique complement of penial ornament consisting of terminal gland, Dg3, and ventral gland. Pyrgulopsis ventricosa sp. nov., narrowly endemic in the Clear Lake basin, is related to two previously described California species also having a full complement of glands on the penis (Pg, Tg, Dgl-3) and an enlarged bursa copulatrix. INTRODUCTION in the literature (Hershler & Sada, 1987; Hershler, 1989; Hershler & Pratt, 1990). The author recently reviewed the taxa belonging to Pyr- To gain a better understanding of the California Pyr- gulopsis Call & Pilsbry, 1886, the second largest genus (65 gulopsis, the author recently collected material of this genus Recent species) of freshwater gastropods in North America from various parts of the state. Represented among these (Hershler, 1994). The focus of that paper was on previ- collections were seven new species, which are described ously described forms, although it was recognized that below. While these species are discussed within the context perhaps an equal number of undescribed species await of the preliminary phylogenetic hypothesis proposed for attention in the western United States. While such nov- the genus by Hershler (1994), a revised analysis incor- elties abound throughout many of the western states, Cal- porating these new data is deferred pending description of ifornia, which has only 10-11 currently recognized species the many other new species known from the West. (one may now be extinct in the state), may harbor an especially large group, given that this huge state is well- watered and has an extremely complex hydrographic his- MATERIALS AND METHODS tory owing to tectonism and associated climatic factors (Minckley et al., 1986). Published taxonomic studies on Institutional acronyms are USNM (National Museum of hydrobiid snails and other small freshwater gastropods Natural History, Smithsonian Institution), and WBM from California are few (Taylor, 1981), and collecting (personal collection of Walter B. Miller, now housed [un- efforts have been largely concentrated in only four regions: catalogued] at Santa Barbara Museum of Natural His- Great Basin and Klamath system to the northeast, lower tory). Anatomical study was of alcohol-preserved snails Sacramento system in the San Francisco environs, Death that had been relaxed with menthol crystals and fixed in Valley region, and south-coastal and Salton Sea drainage dilute (about 4%) formalin. Methods of anatomical study, to the southwest. Of these, only the Death Valley region terminology, and characters are those of Hershler (1994). hydrobiids have been thoroughly surveyed and documented Anatomical illustrations were prepared from camera lu- Page 344 The Veliger, Vol. 38, No. 4 Table 1 Shell parameters for new species of Pyrgulopsis. fi = mean, s = standard deviation, SH = shell height, SW = shell width, HBW = height of body whorl, WBW = width of body whorl, AH = aperture height, AW = aperture width, W = whorl expansion rate, D = distance of generating curve from coiling axis, T = translation rate, AS = aperture shape. Measurements are in mm. WH SH SW HBW WBW AH AW W D T AS P. diablensis USNM 883791 M 4.90 3.76 236 273 2.07 1.70 1.28 1.80 0.54 5.64 1.34 n = 17 s 0.22 0.30 0.22 0.18 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.15 047 1.14 0.07 P. eremica USNM 858264 M 4.03 1.90 1.28 1.42 1.15 0.82 0.68 2.28 036 5.29 1.20 n = 15 s 0.13 0.16 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.82 0.05 032 045 0.64 0.06 USNM 858265 M 410 2.17 1.43 1.62 1.28 0.95 0.77 2.12 0.61 5.31 1.24 n = 15 s 0.16 018 0.09 0.11 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.26 0.04 0.92 046 USNM 858266 M 4.48 2.66 1.73 1.95 1.54 1.20 0.94 2.12 0.57 5.72 1.27 n = 11 s 0.21 0.22 0.11 0.15 0.11 048 0.06 0.27 043 0.58 0.04 USNM 858267 M 408 1.89 126 1.41 1.13 0.81 0.66 229 036 5.49 1.23 n = 12 S 020 0.12 007 0.07 045 0.05 0.04 0.42 0.03 0.47 0.06 USNM 858271 M 4.18 2.67 1.99 212 1.70 1.33 1.03 2.43 0.55 4.09 1.30 n = 15 s 0.22 0.17 0.10 0.10 048 0.07 045 0.42 0.04 0.45 0.04 USNM 873138 M 4.14 2.45 1.72 1.86 1.47 1.13 0.93 2.28 0.60 4.63 1.21 n = 14 s 0.16 0.15 0.11 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.23 0.04 0.32 0.05 P. gibba USNM 858275 M 4.25 293 1.99 226 1.70 1.37 1.13 2.04 0.60 5.10 1.21 n = 10 s 0.20 0.16 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.09 048 0.13 0.05 0.70 0.03 USNM 858273 M 4.33 3.34 2.28 234 1.94 1.60 1.30 2.09 038 5.02 1.24 n = 10 s 0.17 0.13 0.10 0.11 048 0.06 0.07 0.27 045 0.38 0.05 P. greggi USNM 874139 M 4.38 231 1.47 1.68 1.27 0.99 082 2.06 0.60 5.24 1.21 n = 15 s 0.27 0.16 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.07 0.04 0.45 003 0.67 0.04 USNM 874140 M 4.21 1.74 1.21 132 1.06 0.77 0.75 232 0.61 4.66 1.17 n = 13 s 033 0.10 007 0.07 0.05 0.77 0.72 0.60 0.06 035 046 P. longae USNM 858262 M 4.23 2.76 1.79 2.03 1.53 1.24 0.97 2.30 037 5.25 1.30 n = 15 s 0.24 018 0.15 0.15 0.11 0.10 0.06 039 0.05 0.94 0.05 P. taylori USNM 883792 M 463 2.28 1.28 1.59 1.11 1.05 073 1.71 036 6.00 1.44 n = 17 s 037 0.19 012 0.13 008 0.07 047 0.14 047 1.25 0.08 USNM 883789 M 463 2.80 1.67 2.03 1.41 1.30 0.90 1.85 034 5.00 1.46 n = 16 s 037 0.24 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.18 0.05 0.84 0.10 P. ventricosa USNM 883790 M 4.14 237 1.66 1.83 1.45 1.18 0.91 2.31 039 5.04 1.29 rc = 16 s 016 0.12 012 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.04 038 0.05 0.72 0.08 cida drawings. Methods of shell measurements are those Diagnosis: The genus was recently diagnosed by Hershler of Hershler (1989); data are presented in Table 1. (1994). SYSTEMATICS Pyrgulopsis diablensis Hershler, sp. nov. Family HYDROBIIDAE (Figures 1-3, 5A) Subfamily NYMPHOPHILINAE Etymology: Referring to occurrence of this species in the Pyrgwbffif Call & Pilsbry, 1886 Diablo Range of central California. Type Species: Pyrgula nevadensis Stearns, 1883; original des- Diagnosis: Shell ovate- to narrow-conic, medium-sized, ignation. umbilicate. Penial filament medium length; lobe short. R. Hershler, 1995 Page 345 Figure 1 Scanning electron micrographs of shells of P. dtablensis Hershler, sp. nov., USNM 883791. F, Protoconch, har = 150 urn. Shell "A" is 3.8 mm tall; other shells primed to same scale. Penial ornament a short penial gland and small terminal usually slightly separated from body whorl. Inner lip com- gland. plete, thin, without columellar shelf. Outer lip thin, slightly prosoeline. Umbilicus rimate to perforate, Feriostracum Description: Shell (Figures 1, 5A) ovate- to narrow-conic; light brown. height 3.1-4,3 mm; whorls 4.25-5,0. Protoconch (Figure Operculum (Figure 2A-C) ovate, amber with brown to IF) slightly less than 1.5 whorls, early portion strongly red attachment scar region; nucleus eccentric; dorsal sur- wrinkled. Teleoconch whorls convex, sometimes strongly face frilled.
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