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GENUS Amblyrhynchotes Troschel, 1856 GENUS Arothron Muller

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FAMILY Tetraodontidae Bonaparte, 1832 – pufferfishes GENUS Amblyrhynchotes Troschel, 1856 [=Amblyrhynchotes Troschel [F. H.] (ex Bibron) 1856:88] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt 2); ref. 12559] Fem. Tetrodon honckenii Bloch 1785. Appeared as "Amblyrhynchote" Bibron in Duméril 1855:279 [ref. 297]; latinized by Troschel (also Hollard 1857:319 [ref. 2186] as Amblyrhynchotus). Addition of species and type designation not researched; type from Fraser-Brunner 1943:11 [ref. 1495]. Kottelat 2001:613 [ref. 25859] regards Amblyrhynchote as Latinized and available. •Valid as Amblyrhynchotes [varied author/spelling] -- (Tyler 1980:341 [ref. 4477], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], Hardy 1984:33 [ref. 5182], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441], Smith & Heemstra 1986:895 [ref. 5714], Matsuura 2001:3955 [ref. 26317]). Current status: Valid as Amblyrhynchotes Troschel 1856. Tetraodontidae. Species Amblyrhynchotes hypselogeneion (Bleeker, 1852) [=Tetraodon hypselogeneion Bleeker [P.] 1852:24, Dilobomycterus rueppelii Bibron [G.] in Duméril 1855:279-280, Amblyrhynchotes hypselogenion rufopunctatus Li 1962:1086, Fig. 832, Notes: [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 24 (art. 10); ref. 16874] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia; Wahai, Ceram, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Torquigener hypselogeneion (Bleeker 1852). Tetraodontidae. Distribution: South and East Africa and Madagascar east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine. (rueppelii) [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Sér. 2) v. 7; ref. 297] Current status: Synonym of Amblyrhynchotes hypselogeneion (Bleeker 1852). Tetraodontidae. Habitat: marine. (rufopunctatus) South China Sea. Current status: Synonym of Torquigener hypselogeneion (Bleeker 1852). Tetraodontidae. GENUS Arothron Muller, 1841 [=Arothron (subgenus of Tetrodon) Müller [J.] 1841:252, Boesemanichthys Abe [T.] 1952:40, Catophorhynchus Troschel [F. H.] (ex Bibron) 1856:88, Crayracion Klein [J. T.] 1777:788 [v. 4; ref. 4920], Crayracion Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Klein) 1792:580, Crayracion Bleeker [P.] (ex Klein) 1865:Pls. 205-214, Cyprichthys Whitley [G. P.] 1936:51, Dilobomycterus Troschel [F. H.] (ex Bibron) 1856:88, Kanduka Hora [S. L.] 1925:579] Notes: [Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1839; ref. 3061] Masc. Tetrodon testudinarius Müller 1841. Type by monotypy. Possibly appeared in Müller 1839 (Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 196) (see Leis & Bauchot 1984:85 [ref. 12539]). Gender uncertain, treated by current authors as masculine. If Tetrodon testudinarius is regarded as an emendation of testudinius Linnaeus, then the genus is based on a misidentified type species and should be submitted to the International Commission. •Apparently valid -- (see Matsuura & Toda 1981 [ref. 5537]). •Valid as Arothron Müller 1841 -- (Tyler 1980:341 [ref. 4477], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441], Randall 1985 [ref. 6719], Smith & Heemstra 1986:896 [ref. 5714], Su & Tyler 1986:14 [ref. 11531], Matsuura & Okuno 1991 [ref. 19923], Gomon et al. 1994:903 [ref. 22532], Matsuura 1994 [ref. 21445], Matsuura & Tyler 1997:199 [ref. 23219], Lindberg et al. 1997:164 [ref. 23547], Matsuura 2001:3956 [ref. 26317], Hoese et al. 2006:1913 [ref. 29099], Matsuura 2008:850 [ref. 30661], Verruraj et al. 2011:3 [ref. 31496], Randall et al. 2012:41 [ref. 31764], Kottelat 2013:471 [ref. 32989], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576], Stewart & Roberts 2015:1732 [ref. 34322], Matsuura 2016:[2] [ref. 34340], Motomura et al. 2017:236 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:384 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae. (Boesemanichthys) [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 4] Masc. Tetraodon firmamentum Temminck & Schlegel 1850. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841 -- (Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441], Ebert 2001:91 [ref. 25494], Kottelat 2013:471 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae. (Catophorhynchus) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt 2); ref. 12559] Masc. Appeared first as "Catophorhynque" Bibron in Duméril 1855:280 [ref. 297]. Latinized by Troschel 1856 as above, and by Hollard 1857:319 [ref. 2186]. First technical addition of species not researched. Kottelat 2001:614 [ref. 25859] treats Catophorhynque as Latinized and available, with the type species as Tetraodon scaber Eydoux & Souleyet 1850. •Treated with question in the synonymy of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839 by Fraser-Brunner 1943:9 [ref. 1495]. •Junior objective synonym of Arothron Müller 1841 -- (Kottelat 2001:614 [ref. 25859] based on placement of Catophorhynque). Current status: Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae. (Crayracion K) Not available, published in a work that does not conform to the principle of binominal nomenclature. •In the synonymy of Arothron Müller 1841 -- (Kottelat 2013:471 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae. (Crayracion W) [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Not available, published in a part of a work rejected for nomenclaturaal purposes in Opinion 21 (1938); see also Shipp 1974:34 [ref. 7147]. Genus can date to Bleeker 1865 [ref. 416]. •In the synonymy of Arothron Müller 1841 -- (Ebert 2001:91 [ref. 25494]). Current status: Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae. (Crayracion B) [Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises; ref. 416] Masc. Tetrodon immaculatus Bloch & Schneider 1801 Can date to many species figured on Pls. 205, 206, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212 and 214 published in part 18 (19 Apr. 1865); corresponding text (pp. 49, 65 et seq.) published in parts 19 and 20. Type as designated by Bleeker (p. 49) is Crayracion laevissimus Klein (unavailable). Type should be selected from among the figured specimens; type perhaps not yet validly designated. Also appeared in other Bleeker 1865 papers. Type designated by Kottelat (2013) as Tetrodon immaculatus. •In the synonymy of Arothron Müller 1841 -- (Kottelat 2013:471 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae. (Cyprichthys) [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 11 (pt 1); ref. 4687] Masc. Tetraodon mappa Lesson 1831. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841 based on placement of types species -- (Smith & Heemstra 1986:897 [ref. 5714], Kottelat 2013:471 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae. (Dilobomycterus) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (pt 2); ref. 12559] Masc. Tetrodon reticularis Bloch & Schneider 1801. Appeared first as "Dilobomyctère" Bibron in Duméril 1855:279 [ref. 297]; latinized by Troschel 1856, also by Hollard 1857:319 [ref. 2186]. First technical addition of species not researched (eleven species included by Bibron). Type above as given by Jordan 1919:263 [ref. 2410]. Kottelat 2001:613 [ref. 25859] treats Dilobomycterus as available. •In the synonymy of Arothron Müller 1841 -- (Ebert 2001:91 [ref. 25494], Kottelat 2013:471 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae. (Kanduka) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 26 (pt 6); ref. 2206] Fem. Kanduka michiei Hora 1925. Type by monotypy. See Das 2003:385 [ref. 27706]. •Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841 -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:15 [ref. 1495], Kottelat 2013:471 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae. Species Arothron caeruleopunctatus Matsuura, 1994 [=Arothron caeruleopunctatus Matsuura [K.] 1994:29, Figs. 1 (top 2), 2] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 41 (no. 1); ref. 21445] Lagoon side of Bikini Island, Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands, western Pacific, depth 2 meters. Current status: Valid as Arothron caeruleopunctatus Matsuura 1994. Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Amirantes, western Mascarenes and Maldives east to Papua New Guinea, Australia north to southern Japan, south to Coral Sea. Habitat: marine. Species Arothron carduus (Cantor, 1849) [=Tetrodon carduus Cantor [T. E.] 1849:1357 [375]] Notes: [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Sea of Penang, Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Arothron carduus (Cantor 1849). Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Off Malaysia and Ryukyu Islands. Habitat: marine. Species Arothron diadematus (Ruppell, 1829) [=Tetraodon diadematus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:65, Pl. 17 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Arothron diadematus (Rüppell 1829). Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine. Species Arothron firmamentum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) [=Tetraodon firmamentum Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1850:280, Pl. 126 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Fauna Japonica Last part (15); ref. 4375] Japan. Current status: Valid as Arothron firmamentum (Temminck & Schlegel 1850). Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific; antitropical. Habitat: marine. Species Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) [=Tetraodon hispidus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:333, Tetrodon bondarus Cantor [T. E.] 1849:1359 [377], Tetrodon implutus Jenyns [L.] 1842:152, Tetrodon laterna Richardson [J.] 1845:124, Pl. 61 (fig. 2), Tetraodon perspicillaris Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:63, Orbis punctulatus Billberg [G. J.] 1833:53, Tetrodon pusillus Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:645, Tetraodon semistriatus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.]
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    National prioritization of key vulnerable reef fish species for Fiji, for targeted research Coral reef fish and invertebrates sold at the Suva market. Photo by: Sangeeta Mangubhai/WCS Introduction The majority of Fiji’s population is coastal and therefore highly reliant on inshore fisheries for their subsistence and local economic needs (Hunt 1999). At least 33 percent of all animal protein consumed in Fiji comes from fish, and subsistence and artisanal fisheries contribute at least US$59.1 million to Fiji’s annual GDP (Gillett 2009). There is growing concerns for the impacts of present day harvesting rates and methods, especially for vulnerable fish and invertebrate species in Fiji. This is resulting in a progressive decline in fish belonging to higher trophic (feeding) groups, a pattern that is termed “fishing down food webs” (Pauly et al. 1998). Coral reef fish vary in their vulnerability to fishing pressure, and how well they can recover, if fishing is stopped or significantly reduced. Recovery potential relates to the rate at which a species can replace the individuals that are lost to natural mortality and to fishing. In general, the medium to larger carnivorous fish high in the food chain are thought to be more vulnerable to fishing (e.g. groupers) requiring in decades to recover, while smaller fish (e.g. herbivores such as rabbitfish) are thought be less vulnerable (Abesamis et al. 2014). Certain life history characteristics of fish species together can be good predictors of vulnerability at the population level to fishing pressure, including: (a) maximum size; (b) body growth rate; (c) lifespan; (d) natural mortality rates; (e) age at maturity; and (f) length at maturity (Abesamis et al.
  • OSTRACIIDAE Boxfishes by K

    OSTRACIIDAE Boxfishes by K

    click for previous page 3948 Bony Fishes OSTRACIIDAE Boxfishes by K. Matsuura iagnostic characters: Small to medium-sized (to 40 cm) fishes; body almost completely encased Din a bony shell or carapace formed of enlarged, thickened scale plates, usually hexagonal in shape and firmly sutured to one another; no isolated bony plates on caudal peduncle. Carapace triangular, rectangular, or pentangular in cross-section, with openings for mouth, eyes, gill slits, pectoral, dorsal, and anal fins, and for the flexible caudal peduncle. Scale-plates often with surface granulations which are prolonged in some species into prominent carapace spines over eye or along ventrolateral or dorsal angles of body. Mouth small, terminal, with fleshy lips; teeth moderate, conical, usually less than 15 in each jaw. Gill opening a moderately short, vertical to oblique slit in front of pectoral-fin base. Spinous dorsal fin absent; most dorsal-, anal-, and pectoral-fin rays branched; caudal fin with 8 branched rays; pelvic fins absent. Lateral line inconspicuous. Colour: variable, with general ground colours of either brown, grey, or yellow, usually with darker or lighter spots, blotches, lines, and reticulations. carapace no bony plates on caudal peduncle 8 branched caudal-fin rays Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Slow-swimming, benthic-dwelling fishes occurring on rocky and coral reefs and over sand, weed, or sponge-covered bottoms to depths of 100 m. Feed on benthic invertebrates. Taken either by trawl, other types of nets, or traps. Several species considered excellent eating in southern Japan, although some species are reported to have toxic flesh and are also able to secrete a substance when distressed that is highly toxic, both to other fishes and themselves in enclosed areas such as holding tanks.
  • Biology, Stock Status and Management Summaries for Selected Fish Species in South-Western Australia

    Biology, Stock Status and Management Summaries for Selected Fish Species in South-Western Australia

    Fisheries Research Report No. 242, 2013 Biology, stock status and management summaries for selected fish species in south-western Australia Claire B. Smallwood, S. Alex Hesp and Lynnath E. Beckley Fisheries Research Division Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories PO Box 20 NORTH BEACH, Western Australia 6920 Correct citation: Smallwood, C. B.; Hesp, S. A.; and Beckley, L. E. 2013. Biology, stock status and management summaries for selected fish species in south-western Australia. Fisheries Research Report No. 242. Department of Fisheries, Western Australia. 180pp. Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Fisheries Western Australia. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Department of Fisheries Western Australia does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. Fish illustrations Illustrations © R. Swainston / www.anima.net.au We dedicate this guide to the memory of our friend and colleague, Ben Chuwen Department of Fisheries 3rd floor SGIO Atrium 168 – 170 St Georges Terrace PERTH WA 6000 Telephone: (08) 9482 7333 Facsimile: (08) 9482 7389 Website: www.fish.wa.gov.au ABN: 55 689 794 771 Published by Department of Fisheries, Perth, Western Australia. Fisheries Research Report No. 242, March 2013. ISSN: 1035 - 4549 ISBN: 978-1-921845-56-7 ii Fisheries Research Report No.242, 2013 Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...............................................................................................