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Apocynaceae) Author(S): David J A Revision of Aganosma (Blume) G. Don (Apocynaceae) Author(s): David J. Middleton Source: Kew Bulletin, Vol. 51, No. 3 (1996), pp. 455-482 Published by: Springer on behalf of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4117024 Accessed: 31/10/2010 14:53 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=kew. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Springer are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Kew Bulletin. http://www.jstor.org A revision of Aganosma (Blume) G. Don (Apocynaceae) DAVID J. MIDDLETON' Summary.The Asian genus Aganosmais revised. Eight species are recognised of which one has two varieties.The complex nomenclaturalissues in the genus are discussed. INTRODUCTION Aganosma was first described by Blume (1826) as a section of Echitesand raised to generic status by G. Don (1837) with a number of species based on specimens in Wallich's herbarium. Unfortunately considerable nomenclatural problems arose in the genus very early in its history. De Candolle (1844) split the genus into two sections Amphineurionand Meiadenia. The former consisted of four species which have now all been included in synonymy of Aganosma marginata. Bentham & Hooker (1876) included Aganosma as two sections within Ichnocarpus but this was not followed by Hooker (1882) who reinstated the genus. Pichon (1948, 1950) raised de Candolle's two sections to generic level as Amphineurion and Aganosma but this has not been generally accepted, based as it is on an artificial weighting placed on the shape and indumentum of the area where the stamens cohere to the pistil head (see Leeuwenberg 1988; Middleton 1994). Aganosma belongs in the subfamily Apocynoideae, often previously called Echitoideae, of the family Apocynaceae. The position of Aganosma in the subclassification of the family has been treated by a number of authors (De Candolle 1844; Bentham & Hooker 1876; Hooker 1882; Pichon 1950; Tsiang & Li 1977; Ly 1986). These treatments vary considerably reflecting a general lack of knowledge and research into the subclassification of the whole subfamily. Until a more thorough and satisfactory system for the Apocynoideaeis proposed I would prefer to indicate only that Aganosma would appear to be most closely related to Ichnocarpus, Trachelospermum,Epigynum and Chonemorpha. Ly (1986) suggested the type species of the genus is Aganosma caryophyllataG. Don. Blume's concept of Echites caryophyllatais the type species of his section Aganosmaand therefore of the genus. This is now to be treated as a synonym of A. wallichiiwhich should, therefore, be the type species of the genus. Accepted for publication January 1996. Department of Botany, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. Present address: Royal Botanic Garden, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, U.K 455 456 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 51(3) MATERIALS AND METHODS Herbarium material was studied from the following herbaria: A, AAU, ABD, B, BK, BKF,BM, BO, BR, BRI, C, CGE, DBN, E, G, G - DC, GH, H, IBSC, K, KEP,KLU, K-W, KYO, L, LAE, M, MEL, MO, P, PE, S, SING, SINU, TCD, TI, U, UPS, US, W, WRSL, Z (Holmgren et al. 1990). All specimens cited have been seen unless otherwise stated. The dimensions given in the descriptions are for dried material except for the gynoecium and androecium characters which are for flowers rehydrated with water. Any type specimens associated with taxa described by Tsiang previously cited for LU or SYS now appear to be housed in IBSC and the holotypes are, therefore, cited IBSC. SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT Aganosma (Blume) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 77 (1837). Echitessect. AganosmaBlume, Bijdr. 1040 (1826). Aganosmasect. MeiadeniaA. DC., Prod. 8: 432 (1844). Ichnocarpussect. Meiadenia (A. DC.) Bentham & Hooker, Gen. P1. 2: 717 (1876). Type species: Aganosma wallichii G. Don. Aganosmasect. AmphineurionA. DC., Prod. 8: 433 (1844). Ichnocarpussect. Amphineurion(A. DC.) Bentham & Hooker, Gen. Pl. 2: 717 (1876). Aganosmasect. AmphyneurionBoerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 399 (1899) sphalm. Amphineurion(A. DC.) Pichon, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 95: 215 (1948). Type species: Aganosma marginata (Roxb.) G. Don. Climbers or scramblers; producing latex. Stems often lenticellate, sometimes densely so, glabrous or pubescent. Leavesopposite, those of a pair equal, petiolate, coriaceous to papery, entire. Inflorescencea terminal panicle or a pseudoaxillary panicle. Flowers5-merous, actinomorphic, usually fragrant. Sepallobes free; colleters present or absent, only on inside corners or in a row inside. Corollalobes in bud overlapping to the right; tube narrowly cylindrical or somewhat inflated below, widening slightly at the point of stamen insertion into the upper tube, then with spreading lobes; lobes elliptic or obovate-falcate. Stamens included in the corolla tube, attached in a ring to the pistil head; anthers subsessile, narrowly triangular, apex acuminate, base sagittate, sterile at apex and base. Disk usually of 5 fused, occasionally free, lobes, narrower at top and surrounding ovary or of 5 rounded lobes shorter than ovary. Ovary of 2 separate carpels united into a common style, superior, ovoid, glabrous or pubescent; ovules numerous; style glabrous or, rarely, pubescent; pistil head ovoid with a short sharp projection on top. Fruit of paired follicles, divergent or not, linear and narrow or somewhat fusiform, longitudinally dehiscent. Seedsnarrow elliptic, flattened, glabrous, with an apical unbeaked coma. Eight species from India to China and southwards to the Philippines and western Indonesia. A REVISION OF AGANOSMA (APOCYNACEAE) 457 KEY TO SPECIES OF Aganosma 1. Leaves with a strong intramarginal nerve; sepals shorter than to as long as the corolla tube; sepals with continuous row of colleters; disk shorter than to as long as ovary ................................... 5. A. marginata Leaves without a strong intramarginal nerve; sepals longer than the corolla tube; sepals with colleters only in the corners or absent; disk longer than ovary . .. 2 2. Corolla throat glabrous ....................................... 3 Corolla throat pubescent ...................................... 5 3. Leaves with 2 - 4(- 6) pairs of lateral nerves, very strongly ascending at an angle of 25 - 55'; stamens inserted at 0.4 - 0.5 of tube length .... 3. A. dichotoma Leaves with 5 - 13 pairs of lateral nerves, not strongly ascending, 55 - 75'; stamens inserted at 0.2- 0.4 of tube length ....................... 4 4. Corolla lobes elliptic, acuminate; tube 4.1 - 8 mm long ................. ...... ........................ ..... 2. A. cymosa var. cymosa Corolla lobes obovate, flat topped, possibly acute in one corner; tube 8.3 - 14 mm long .................................. ..... 8. A. wallichii 5. Corolla lobes obovate, apex rounded or with one acute corner ............ A. schlechteriana ........................................6. Corolla lobes elliptic, apex acuminate or acute ....................... 6 6. Corolla lobes 2.8- 8.2 mm long ................................. 7 Corolla lobes 11 -41 mm long .................................. 8 - - 7. Inflorescence (3.1 -)5.3 - 8 cm long; China, Burma, Thailand 1. A. breviloba Inflorescence 1.1 - 4.5 cm long; southern India, Sri Lanka ............... ....................................2. A. cymosa var. elegans 8. Ovary glabrous .......................................4. A. gracilis Ovary pubescent ................... ..................7. A. siamensis 1. Aganosma breviloba Kerr, Bull. Misc. Inform., Kew 1937: 92 (1937); Kerr, Fl. Siam. En. 2: 468 (1939). Type: Thailand, Chiang Mai, Doi Sutep, Kerr 3211 (lectotype K, designated here; isotypes ABD, BM, E, K, L, P, TCD). Aganosma lacei Raizada, Indian Forester 68: 363 (1942). Type: Lace 5251 (holotype DD n.v.; isotypes E, K). Stems densely to sparsely puberulent when young, generally becoming glabrous with age. Leaves:petiole 6 - 12 mm long; blade elliptic, apex acuminate, base cuneate to obtuse, 5.5 - 13.5 x 2.2 - 6.4 cm, 2 - 6 x as long as wide, 5 - 8 pairs of lateral nerves, glabrous or with few strigose hairs on abaxial midrib, petiole and margin at base. Inflorescencea delicate terminal panicle, pubescent, 3.1 - 8 cm long; pedicels 3 - 10 mm long. Sepalslinear, 10 - 12 x 1.5 - 3.7 mm, 3.4 - 6.7 x as long as wide, longer than corolla tube, pubescent, with narrow colleters in the corners. Corollawhite; tube 6.7 - 10 mm long; lobes narrow elliptic, acuminate, 5 - 8.2 x 1.8 - 2.6 mm, 2.4- 3.4 x as long as wide, 0.6 - 0.9 x as long as tube; short pubescent outside, longer pubescent in throat and in 5 rows inside. Stamensinserted in tube 2- 3.8 mm from base, 0.2 - 0.4 of tube length; anthers 4.4- 6 x 0.9 - 1.1 mm, 4.9- 6 x as long as wide. Disk narrow 458 KEWBULLETIN VOL. 51(3) at top, 5-dentate, 1.1 - 2.2 mm long, 1.6 x as long as ovary. Ovary0.9 - 1.4 mm long, pubescent to very sparsely pubescent; style 2 - 2.4 mm long; pistil head 2.7 - 3.8 mm long. Fruit unknown. Fig. 1. Map 1. DISTRIBUTION. China, Burma, Thailand. HABITAT. In evergreen forest, 750 - 1220 m. CHINA. Guizhou, Cavalerie & Fortunat 2156 (P) BURMA.
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