[Communicated to the Council and Official No.: Q. 307. M. 190. 1 9 3 6 . XI. the M em bers of the League.] [Q:C.S.300 (a).]

Geneva, July 22nd, 1936.

LEAGUE OF NATIONS

ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON TRAFFIC IN OPIUM AND OTHER DANGEROUS DRUGS

SUMMARY

OF ILLICIT TRANSACTIONS AND SEIZURES

REPORTED TO THE SECRETARIAT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

BETWEEN APRIL 1 s t AND JUNE 30t h , 1936 P A R T I.

CASES REPORTED IN PREVIOUS SUMMARIES IN REGARD TO WHICH FURTHER INFORMATION HAS BEEN RECEIVED.

No. 48 2 — Illicit Traffic in Drugs at Warsaw, January 1932.

See O.C.294 (k), The Polish delegation at Geneva reports (May 20th, 1936) that the Pa£e294 Vuj1 result of the appeals lodged in connection with this case were the page's. ’ following : Michelis, the chemist, was sentenced to three years’ imprison­ ment and forbidden to excercise his profession and deprived of certain 24013/387. other rights for a period of five years. Stanislas Olechowski was sentenced to a year and a half’s imprisonment, and Marie Orlowska and Leon Haber to six months’ imprisonment.

No. 1237.—Illicit Traffic by Members of the Crew of the s.s.“ Carola III ” in Collusion with Mohammed Mustafa el Garrahi and Others.

See O.C.294 (u), The Central Narcotics Intelligence Bureau, Cairo, in its annual Pa=e 1 report for 1935, stated that a communication had been received from the 12616/387. German authorities to the effect that Gerdes, the cook on board the vessel who was deported to Hamburg on July 2nd, 1934, was not tried in view of the promulgation of the Law of Amnesty of August 7th, 1934.

No. 1585.—Discovery of a Clandestine Drug Factory at Istanbul, June 1935.

See O.C.294 (x), The Turkish Minister of Health and Social Welfare reports, November fuY* 19th, 1935, that Kémal,1 Fehmi, Moïse, Haralambo and Hadji Anto- page 4. niades,1 the persons implicated in this affair, were each sentenced to 0.C.S.250 series. a year and a half’s imprisonment and to a collective fine of £T 19,679 (47,230 Swiss francs). Another accused, Sultan, was sentenced to 18752/387. four months’ detention and a fine of £T6,559 (15,742 Swiss francs). The remaining delinquent, Eschref, was dismissed..

No. 1736.—Export of 3,300 kg. of Raw Opium from Turkey to Ethiopia during the First Six Months of 1934 and the First Three Months of 1935.

See O.C.294 (y), The Greek delegation at Geneva received two reports on this case (mTss^O na»e 4 from the Ministry of Finance, and more particularly from a member o!c!s!236’ series. ’ °f the special service for the prevention of drug smuggling. The information contained in the first report relates to the activities 17784/387. of a gang with headquarters at Istanbul, the chief members of which are said to be : (1) Nessim Tchiprout, (2) David Levy,2 (3) Nessim Kordovas,2 and (4) David Perez, all four living at Istanbul. The gang is said to have accom­ plices abroad, amongst other places, in Palestine, at Haifa, Beirut, and Marseilles, and in Corsica, Paris and America ; it concentrated formerly upon export, more particularly to France and America, in co-operation with the notorious smuggler Marcos Theodorides.3 After the creation of the Monopoly in Turkey, this gang got into touch with certain employees of the Monopoly Service, and purchased opium for consignment to countries not subject to the Geneva International Convention. The opium was transhipped in course of transport and was finally directed, not to the country to which it was originally consigned, but to countries parties to the Geneva Convention. To obtain the authorisation of the Turkish Monopoly, the traffickers deposited security equal to 25% of the value of the exported opium, which sum was to be returned to the exporters after delivery of the opium at its place of destination. The return of the deposit was never claimed by the traffickers, for the very good reason that the opium never reached its ostensible port of destination. According to information from the same source, the gang shipped its opium in the vessel Limni. It was taken on board at Istanbul, transhipped in Corsica to motor-launches, and subsrquently sent to Marseilles and thence to Paris for delivery to one of the gang’s accomplices named Toledo. Some 2,000 kg. of opium were (it is stated) shipped in this way by the Limni in March ^d June 1934, and it is probable that after transhipment in Corsica the consignment reached Marseilles. During the first quarter of 1935, 1,300 kg. (according to information from another s°urce, 500 kg.) was also shipped in the same vessel. This information was obtained in May

^See Case No. 188 of this docum ent. sSee document O.C.294fr;, page 7, Nos. 990 and 991. i ,’5e? documents O.C.294f/), page 14, No. 369 ; O.C.294fm>, pages 5 and 6, No. 577, page 6, Nos. 578 and 579, and page 7, No. i pao-e 11 Nos 740 and 742 pa°-e 13. No. 749, pages 13 and 14, No. 750 ; O.C.294(p), page 7, No. 831, page 11. No. O r'ok1 and V2- No. 848, and page 12, No. 852 ; O.C.294(q), page 10, Nos. 928 and 930 ; O.C.294M page 7,Nos, 989, 990,991 and ’ °-C.294fU, page 3, No. 746, and page 7, No. 1049 ; O.C.294fuA page 19, No. 1369 ; and O.C.294fx>, page 18, No. 1607.

S.d.N. 850 (F.| 725 (A.) 8/36. — Imp. Réunies, Chambéry. _ 4 —

1935, and as a result a watch was kept by the special service for the prevention of smuggle in Greece on : (1) The shipping agent acting for the Limni at the Piræus ; (2) Marcos Theodo°- rides, who had come to Greece from Istanbul in 1934, and had been living there ever since ; (3) Phokias, the owner of the vessel ; (4) Nessim Tchiprout ; and (5) Nessim Kalderon1 (the latter also a member of the gang). At the beginning of July 1935, Tchiprout and Kordovas were staying at the Hotel Cosmo­ polite, Athens. Kordovas left for Palestine, and Tchiprout, coming from Istanbul, stayed in Athens from June 16th, 1935, onwards, and endeavoured to obtain an extension of his residence permit. On July 13th, 1935, he returned to Istanbul. Kordovas and Tchiprout combined to set up an agency at Haifa in association with Kalderon and Perez. Tchiprout returned to Athens on September 9th, 1935, and stayed at the Hotel Cosmopolite. The Limni is said to have touched at Haifa in February 1935. It also made a voyage to Russia without touching at the Piræus. The second report contains information from an official source regarding the movements of the vessel Limni. At the moment of writing the report, the Limni is at Suez, where it arrived from Massawa. It appears that the Limni did not arrive in Greece from Istanbul except during the period January-February 1935, when, while proceeding from Istanbul to Casablanca, the screw-shaft was damaged between Sapienza (Greece) and Corronani (Sicily), with the result that the screw was lost. The Limni was towed by a salvage vessel to Patras for repairs. It may be seen, therefore, that the Limni plied direct between Istanbul and foreign ports without calling in Greece. On the occasion when it was obliged to put in at Patras, the vessel was found to be carrying no cargo, and was subjected to a very thorough search, which, however, revealed nothing unusual.

No. 1887.—Seizure of 60 kg. of Prepared Opium at Manila on September 5th, 1935, See O.C.294 (z), The Government of the United States of America reports (April pa£e I9- 14th, 1936) that a copy of the previous report on this case was forwarded 1281/388(165). to the Government of the United Kingdom in order that an investigation No. 450 (a). might be made in Hong-Kong regarding the consignor. An excerpt from the reply of the British Home Office, London, is as follows : The authorities at Hong-Kong were asked to make investigation regarding this case and it is now stated that the goods were shipped about August 30th, 1935, by Wing Hing firm of 99, Wing Lok Street, the export statement being signed by Tseng Loung. The address given was at once raided, but neither the firm nor the man were known there and no signboard was found. Further enquiries proved abortive and no further action was possible.

No. 1909.—Seizure of 454 grammes of Morphine at San Francisco, October 10th, 1935. See O.C.294 (z), The Government of the United States of America stated, on June page 26. 9th, 1936, that a note had been received from the Japanese Foreign 1281/388(174). Office stating that the sender of the morphine seized in connection with No. 457 (a). this case was one Takahashi, of Osaka, but that it has been found impossible to ascertain his present whereabouts.

No. 1935.—Seizure of 863 grammes of Cocaine at San Pedro, California, May 26th, 1935. See O.C. 294 (z), The Government of the United States of America forwarded, on June page 34. 22nd, 1936, the following supplementary information in regard to 1281/388(185). this case : No. 469 (a). This seizure was brought to the attention of the Japanese Government. As^a resultTof an investigation by the appropriate Japanese authorities, the United States Government was informed that the destination of the cocaine seized on the Tachibana Maru was believed to be Motomura & Co., at San Pedro. Investigation at San Pedro disclosed that this firm was out of business, and it was then learned that one E. Motomura, formerly residing at San Pedro, had moved to Glendale, Arizona. This person was ascertained to be Eva Motomura, wife of Fujiyuki Motomura, formerly a member of the firm of Motomura & Co. It was further ascertained that a man by the name of Fujiyuki Motomura, of San Pedro, had been arrested previously and se n ten ced for violation of the State Narcotic Laws. The circumstances of this case, which had not been reported to the Bureau of Narcotics, were as follows : In April 1935, the police and narcotic authorities of Los Angeles arrested Wong Young and George Tong for the sale and possession of narcotics. It was learned that these Chinese were purchasing the drugs from Perlita Berry, alias Perlita Morse, who, in her turn, was buying from one R. B. Hamilton, who had direct connection with a Japanese at San Pedro. This Japanese was engaged in the ship-chandlery business and was importing narcotics from Japan and selling them in large quantities. Perlita Berry and R. B. Hamilton were immediate­ ly arrested. Hamilton agreed to take the police officers to the Japanese, who was F. Motomura, for the purpose of purchasing narcotics, and a purchase of 1 oz. of cocaine (2o grammes) was made on April 19th, 1935, and Motomura was arrested. An additional ovnce of cocaine was found concealed on the person of the accused and a complete search of his

1 See documents O.C.294fp;, page 16, No. 869, and O.C.294(r), page 5, No. 983. — 5 —

premises resulted in the discovery of 14\ oz. (412 grammes) in his bedroom. On the following day, the officers questioned the wife of the defendant, Mrs. Eva Motomura. In the garage was found a large tin labelled “Morphinum Hydrochloricum, Made in Japan ”, and containing thirteen waxed paper packages, eleven of which contained morphine hydrochloride and two of which contained brucine. Motomura stated that he had purchased the cocaine from a Japanese sailor for $18 the ounce and that the morphine had been left with him about a month before. He admitted selling the 1 oz. of cocaine and claimed that all the narcotics belonged to him and that his wife knew nothing about it. On June 14th, 1935, Motomura was sentenced to from one to five years’ imprisonment with the recommendation that he be deported upon completion of the sentence. A copy of this supplementary report has been sent to the Japanese Government.

Nos. 1938, 1939 and 1942.—Illicit Traffic by Garabet Rodayan, Abu Ouf, Sam Minya wi, and the “ El Hendi ” Gang. See O.C.294 (z), The Central Narcotics Intelligence Bureau, Cairo, reports (April 9ffi37’ l 9^8 7th, 1936) that the persons acquitted in the Rodayan-Abu Ouf case (No. 1939) were acquitted by the summary court on the score that the 20590/387. police had at certain moments exceeded their duties and that the measures 20589/387. taken by them to secure the arrest of the accused were not strictly legal. The Native Court of Appeal, however, rejected this reasoning and upheld the action of the police in the above two cases and also in that of the El Hendi gang. All three of the above cases were linked together by the Native Court of Appeal when passing sentence. The result of the appeal of the Parquet against the acquittals in these cases was that Artin Farschiet (correct name Artin Badros Kiradjibachian) was sentenced to two years’ imprisonment and a fine of £E400 (7,037 Swiss francs) and twelve others were sentenced to terms of imprisonment varying from six months to three years’ imprisonment and fines varying from £E30 to £E500 (528 to 8,796 Swiss francs). Eighteen acquittals were upheld.

No. 30.— Seizure of 70 kg. 805 grs. of Prepared Opium at Macao, November 9th, 1935. See O.C.S.300, The Portuguese Government communicated a detailed report on CkTs 287 this case on June 20th, 1936. This report states that the opium seized was prepared opium, not raw. The reference to its Iranian origin 529/388(2). apparently means that the opium was prepared from opium originating from Iran. Is was in fourteen cases, not in forty-four, as originally stated, as thirty of the cases in the consignment contained no opium, and it bore the counterfeit “ Lion ” trade-mark. The cases had already been taken on board the vessel when they were seized by the authorities and transported to the warehouses of the Inspection Service. They were opened and found to contain the opium, which was of an inferior quality, containing a large propor­ tion of gum. The cases were embarked on the steamer by the firm of Kuong Hing Chong & Co., of Macao, and the person responsible for receiving the goods on board was the Chinese, Ng Kuan. According to the statements of this Chinese, he was given at the time of handing over the goods an envelope bearing the following particulars on the outside : “ 44 cases of preserves exported by the firm of Kuong Hing Chong & Co. of Macao and consigned to the firm of Lei Fat Long of Hong-Kong ”. The agent of the Inspection Service went immediately to the consigning firm, in order to find the manager or employee responsible for this illicit transaction. The doors were closed, however, so Ng Kuan was taken to the Inspection Office to explain the details of the exports of the consignment. The administrative authorities were also requested to arrest Sit Peng Leong, manager of the firm of Kuong Hing Chong, but they were unable to do so, as he had left the colony just before the seizure of the cases. A search of the Kuong Hing Chong factory was then instituted, but the various boxes and cases stored there only contained meat preserves, Chinese fruit, etc. The case was notified to the Portuguese Consul at Hong-Kong, where the firm of Lei Fat Long is established, in order that enquiries might be instituted by the authorities there. The Colonial Secretary at Hong-Kong informed the Portuguese authorities that a search had been made at the offices of the firm in question and a package of 14 oz. (398 grammes) of codeine phosphate was found. A similar search made at another address led to t he discovery of utensils for the manufacture of codeine pills, and the manager of the firm, Chan Kwok Shan, was sentenced on this account to a fine of 2,000 gold dollars (2,540 Swiss francs), or, in default, to one year’s imprisonment. The complicity of the firm of Lei Fat Long in the illicit opium traffic could not be proved. As regards Sit Peng Leong, it proved impossible to discover his whereabouts. The opium was confiscated and deposited in the Opium Administration’s warehouse.

No. 33.—Seizure at Bayonne, New Jersey, February 7th, 1936, of Raw and Prepared Opium, together with Smoking Outfit, ex the s.s. “ Murena ”, coming from France. See O.C.S.300, The Government of the United States of America states (March Page 16. 31st, 1936) that Customs officers made a second search of the s.s. ■ Ï5.269 (a) and (b). j ^ u^ena on February 7th and found 43 grammes of raw opium containing 1281/388(222). 14.6% anhydrous morphine, 1 part-full jar of a watery opium extract, Nos. 506 (a) and (b). weighing 85 grammes and containing 0.301 % anhydrous morphine ; 1 part-full bottle containing 57 grammes of opium solution mixed with — 6 — alcohol and containing 1.1486% anhydrous morphine, and 2 jars of smoking-opium, weighing 7 grammes and containing 14.7% anhydrous morphine. The searching officers also discovered a number of opium pipes, bowls, stems, scales, scrapers and spreaders. The owners of the drugs found in the second search could not be ascertained. On May 25th, 1936, the Govern­ ment of the United States communicated the contents of a note received from the Comptroller- General of Criminal Police, Sûreté Nationale, Paris, which stated that it had not been possible up to that time to learn anything about the Chinese purveyors, Wang Yau, alias H ing Ling Wang, and Lau Ah Long, who were found in possession of the opium in question, which they were carrying on the Murena. This vessel was in port at Rouen from May 31st to Ju n e 3rd 1935 ; from October 21st to 26th, 1935 ; and from November 23rd to 26th, 1935. Since the last voyage, the Murena came from Tripoli and left Rouen to proceed to St. Kitts, Leeward Islands, making port at Curaçao, Buenos Aires, New York and Bayonne. No information had been received tending to establish that the above-mentioned Chinese actually purchased the opium in Rouen.

No. 62.—Seizure of 57 grammes of Prepared Opium, 57 grammes of Alleged Mor­ phine and 28 grammes of Alleged Cocaine at Wellton, Arizona, November 22nd, 1935. See O.C.S.300, The Governmenl of the United States of America forwarded (May page 22. 19th, 1936) the following reply from the German Government in 1281/388(207). connection with this case : Forgeries of this kind of label are known. No. 491 (b). The firm of W. Merck, Darmstadt, is, in cases in which obvious forgeries are involved, not in a position to givea ny explanation. A copy of this reply has been forwarded to the Mexican Government by the United States authorities.

No. 76.—Seizure of Alleged Morphine at Tulsa, Oklahoma, January 14th, 1936. See O.C.S.300, The Government of the United States of America forwards (April page 27. 7th, 1936) a translation of a note, dated February 27th, 1936, received from the Comptroller-General of Criminal Police, Paris, in regard to the “ Chambretin ” label found on the substance seized in this case, to the effect that the labora­ tories “ Chambretin ” or “ Chabretin ” are unknown in Paris. No laboratory of that name exists, and it seems likely that it is a false address, for the label mentioned and the address, rue Dumeslay, Paris, are unknown. The United States Government forwarded on June 6th, 1936, the following report giving the comments of the German Government in connection with this case : The German Govern­ ment stated that no steps could be taken by it, as both the packing, as well as the contents of the material seized, were falsified, and even this was not available. There was no reason to assume that German firms were in any way implicated in the smuggling and it might be a fraud or an attempt at a fraud committed abroad.

No. 107.—Seizure of Cocaine ex the “ Hong Peng ” at Rangoon on November 13th, 1935. See O.C.S.300, The representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee n8”6!n?" states (April 23rd, 1936) that the quantity of cocaine seized in this °' ' case was 696 grammes (24J oz.). 22056/387. — 7 —

RESULTS OF JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS IN CONNECTION WITH SEVERAL CASES OF ILLICIT TRAFFIC PREVIOUSLY REPORTED.

Result Reference N am e Imprisonment Fine

Canada O.C.S.300, page 25, No. 67 W. H. Redmond Two years. $300, or a further three months’ imprisonment. Egypt O.C.294^;, page 16, No. 1353 Chai Ah Hing (by default). One year. £E200 (3,518 Swiss francs). O.C.294 (w), page 31, No. 1544 Bastawi Hassan Ali . . . Three years. £E500 (8,796 Swiss francs). Mohamed Abu el-Naga One year. £E200 (3,518 Swiss francs). Farahad Ahmed Kotb Acquitted. 0.C.S.300, page 29, No. 82 Antoine Constantinou.. Two years. £E400 (7,037 Swiss francs). Vassiliki Michaelidou .. One year. £E200 (3,518 Swiss francs). Turkey O.C.294 fz;, page 25, No. 1906 Alexandre Hermann . .. Case dismissed. United S ta te s of A m e ric a O.C.294 (I), page 16, No. 1148 Sidney Stern Case closed. O.C.294 (t), page 25, No. 1391 Ng Foo Three months. Chan Chong Six months. O.C.294 (u), page 16, No. 1257 L im Jung. Three years and nine months. Henry Wong Eighteen months. Jung On George Wing Cases dismissed. O.C.294 fu;, page20, No. 1271 Antonio Fuentes Fifteen months. 0.C.294 (uj, page 23, No. 1284 Sam Bernstein.. . Five years. 0.C.294 fu;, page 19, No. 1369 Rocco Inciano Two years. Herbert Carter Eighteen months. O.C.294 (v), page 20, No. 1371 Daniel Smith . Case dismissed. O.C.294 (v), page 24, No. 1387 HoT Kiang^Kin ". '. '.:iTw0 >’ears each" O.C.294 fu;, page 29, No. 1407 Salvador Verna Iporty-six months. 0.C.294 fiV, page 38, No. 1443 Mildred Madsen Two years. Jackson Fong . . One year and one day. Fong Wing .... Cases dismissed. Fong M ing...... O.C.294 ('ui;, page 24, No. 1516 Pau^Neubert .'.'.'.'.' ! ! ! )Five >’ears each' Anthony Carinelli . Seven years. 0.C.294 (w), page 24, No. 1517 Backus Spiros Four years. Robert Miller. Eleven years. Chin Pak .... Eleven years. Chin Wah . .. Two years each. Hong Pak . . . Mar Poy .... Discharged. 0.C.294 (w), page 25, No. 1518 Yuen Tong. . One year. 0.C.294 (w), page 25, No. 1520 One Corean . One year and one day and deportation. O.C.294 (w ;, page 26, No. 1526 One Chinese. Sixty days. O.C.294 fty;, page 26, No. 1527 Jack Baldwin ■j Cases dismissed. Frank E. Dice O.C.294 (w), page 27, No. 1528 Fred S tein ...... Fifteen months. Harold Barshup Both dismissed. Max Stillman .. O.C.294fw;, page 27, No. 1530 Silvio Glatz...... Two years. $1 Gabriel Lubuono Six months. — 8 —

R esult R eference N am e Imprisonment Fine

United States oi America (continued) O.C.294 (w), page 28, No. 1533 Leung Sin Chun One year and one day. O.C.294f«V, page 32, No. 1546 Lawrence Fisher Two years. Mary Richardson TWo years (suspended). James Branch Dismissed. O.C.294faV, page 11, No. 1583 Pietro Quinto . .. Eight years. $ 1,000. O.C.294 f*;, page 18, No. 1607 Ralph Basemer. . Six months. O.C.294 page 18, No. 1608 Hyung Sik Moon. Four months. O.C.294(%l, page 22, No. 1623 Wong Lun ...... Eight months. O.C.294('a?yJ, page23, No. 1625 Henry Lee Three years. Gee Lee . .. One year and one day. Y ee Gum . Six months. O.C.2M(x), page 23, No. 1626 William Morrisey Two years each. Paul Steffen .... O.C.294(,x;, page24, No. 1628 Chin Gin Fook. Cases dismissed. Lee C h in ...... O.C.294fæ;, page 24, No. 1629 Yce Shee Foon Eighteen months. Chin K im ...... Case dismissed. O.C.294(x) page 29, No. 1649 L. J. Gifford...... Fugitive from justice. O.C.294('æ;, page 33, No. 1667 James Mahoney...... Three years. O.C.294^;, page 33, No. 1668 Ollie Simmons ...... Three years. O.C.294 (x), page 33, No. 1669 Lawrence Andersen . . . Not yet apprehended. O.C.294fa?;, page 34, No. 1670 Bob Gordon (alias H. B. W oolf)...... Two years to two years and eight months. Lucille Gordon (alias Lucille Woolf) .... One year to eighteen months. O.C.294 fa:;, page 40, No. 1695 Lo Choo Gim Five years. O.C.294fæ;, page 45, No. 1710 Lester E. La Violette . . )Six months each (suspend- George J. Waterhoff. . . j ed). O.C.294 fy;, page 13, No. 1737 Joseph Laurie . . Five years. Angelo Stazzone Three and a half years. O.C.294 fy;, page 13, No. 1738 Ruby Martin Four years. O.C.294 (y), page 14, No. 1739 Vincenzo di Stefano Four years. Joseph Marino .... Acquitted. Giuseppe Sausa . . . Dismissed. O.C.294(i/;, page 14, No. 1740 Yee Duck...... Six months. O.C.294 fy;, page 20, No. 1764 Mortimer Ruby. Six months. O.C.294 fy;, page 21, No. 1767 Frank Hall Eight months. Donna Lee Two months. O.C.294fy;, page 21, No. 1769 Lee Soon Wha Five years. O.C.294 (y), page 24, No. 1779 Cecil Crabtree .. . Two years. Charles Massey .. Four years. Arzie McMurphy. Two years. O.C.294 (y), page 24, No. 1780 Manuel Castro Arrested at Habana. O.C.294fi/;, page 25, No. 1782 Vincent Nasca.. . Case dismissed. O.C.294(y;, page26, No. 1785 Sentaro Isosaki . Otsukichi Okawa Each to five years. Naka Hikogawa . Uta O k aw a...... Each to three years. O.C.294fy;, page 28, No. 1792 Four Chinese. . One year each. O.C.294fy>, page 28, No. 1793 Ellison Hogue Eighteen months. O.C.294 (y), page 29, No. 1794 Blanche Baker. Fifteen months. — 9 —

R esu lt Reference N am e Imprisonment F in e

United S tates of A m erica (continued) O.C.294 (y), page 29, No. 1795 E. Claude Hill Bert Barkley . Each to two years. O.C.294 (y), page 29, No. 1796 Argentine del Re. Three years. O.C.294 (y), page 30, No. 1798 Tolly Greenberg...... Six years. Florence Greenberg .. Two years. Earl D ozier...... Eighteen months. O.C.294 (y), page 30, No. 1799 Ward A. Bagby. Two years. Isadore Hyette Three years. O.C.294 (y), page 30, No. 1800 GusYanakais...... Seven years. Arthur G allo...... Ten years. Gertrude Newman . Fifteen months. Louis Simons...... Two years. Dave Feldman Two years. O.C.294 (y), page 37, No. 1831 B. Takahashi .. Five years. O.C.294 (z), page 14, No. 1870 Lum B o n g ...... One year and one day. 0.C.294 (z), page 21, No. 1893 Li L im ...... One year and one day. 0.C.294 (z), page 22, No. 1897 Tong Yet Wing. Four years and deporta­ tion. O.C.294 fz;, page 25 No. 1907 Rafael Rodriguez One year and one day. O.C.294^, page 26, No. 1908 Masaki Imai Yonosuki Unimo jBoth to three years. 0.C.294 (z), page 26, No. 1910 Jack Strand...... Three years. O.C.294 (z), page 29, No. 1919 Nathan Stein. Two years. Nicholas Mirconti Two and a half years. O.C.294 (z), page 29, No. 1920 Nathan Biegler Eight years. Frank Cohen . Three years. William Moore Three years. O.C.294 (z), page 30, No. 1922 Helen Weber One year and one day. Albert Jetter Florence Martin . Each to two years. Ann Hartman .. Three years. Daniel Spurdetti Dismissed. O.C.294 (z), page 30, No. 1923 John Klute Thirty months. O.C.294 (zj, page 35, No. 1937 Frank Woo Three years. O.C.S.300, page 15, No. 31 James Novak ...... Two years. $200 Reinhold O. R. Thomas Seven years. $ 1,000 O.C.S.300, page 20, No. 54 Four Chinese Case dismissed. O.C.S.300, page 21, No. 55 Wong Sing ...... Ten months. Joe H o n g ...... Eight months. Yu Gum, Look Chin Moy,Chin Suey,Chung Each to six months. M o y ...... O.C.S.300, page 21, No. 56 Low Hing Dow . . Six menths. Chow Bing Woon Acquitted. O.C.S.300, page 21, No. 58 Yee Yuen. Three years. O.C.S.300, page 23, No. 63 Robert Chang...... Two years. Mrs. Ah Fook Chang .. Five years. O.C.S.300, page 31, No. 87 Jack Gropper...... Six months. PART II.

A. — REPORTS ON THE DISCOVERY OF CLANDESTINE MANUFACTURE OF NARCOTIC DRUGS.

B. — NEW CASES OF SEIZURES DIVIDED INTO THE FOLLOWING GROUPS :

1. R a w O p iu m . 5. Co c a in e . 2. P r e pa r e d O piu m an d D ro ss. 6. I n d ia n H e m p . 3. M o r p h in e . 7. Miscellaneous. 4. H e r o in .

A. REPORTS ON THE DISCOVERY OF CLANDESTINE MANUFACTURE OF NARCOTIC DRUGS.

No. 119.—Discovery of a Clandestine Heroin Pill Factory at Hong-Kong, January 4th, 1936. 1. O.C.S.270. 23213/387. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, April 2nd, 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : 8 kg. 312 grs. (220 taels). Heroin : 7 grammes (J oz.). Heroin pills : 15,775. Strychnine hydrochloride : 57 grammes (2 oz.). Equipment. 7. The heroin was in two small bottles bearing the labels of the “ Japan Pharmaceutical Establishment, Osaka ”. In addition, eight empty bottles bearing similar labels were found containing traces of heroin. This is of importance, as this is the second seizure of heroin made recently bearing labels from the same Japanese factory.1 8. The factory was situated at 807, Canton Road, Hong-Kong, on the first floor. The strychnine is a normal ingredient of heroin pills, and other evidence showed that the premises were used as a distributing centre for both opium and pills.

No. 120.—Discovery of a Clandestine Heroin Factory at No. 53, Chengtu Road, Inter­ national Settlement, Shanghai, March 6th, 1936. 1. 0,C.S.205(g). 13103/388. 2. Shanghai Municipal Council, April 16th, 1936. 3(a). Morphine base : Two packets...... Equipment for the manufacture of heroin. 5. Persons implicated : Eight Chinese. 8. The municipal police secured sufficient evidence by observation to indicate that heroin was being manufactured at the above house and raided it. The premises consisted of a one-story building with a cigarette shop on the ground floor. The factory was operated in the attic. The first floor of the premises was empty and unoccupied. When the raid was carried out, it was found that the plant had already been dismantled and the equipment removed from the attic to the ground floor, where the bulk of it was found hidden in the cigarette shop and in a room and a kitchen at the rear. From subsequent enquiries it was ascertained that several parts of the equipment had already been taken to another house in the vicinity, House 24, Lane 47, Chengtu Road, where they were discovered. The equipment was that of a manufacturing laboratory and included apparatus for filtration, large glass filtration flasks, Buchner funnels, mortars, scales and other miscellaneous articles. The chemicals, in small quantities only, included ether, chloroform, soda ash, and acidum aceticum glaciale. Among the seizures were found two tiny packets of brown powder and a quantity of used wrapping and filter papers. A chemical examination disclosed that the two small packets contained morphine base. The sheets of wrapping-paper showed traces of a white powder, which was found to be heroin hydrochloride, and powder scraped from the sheets of filter-paper was found to be heroin base containing a trace of sodium carbonate. From this it can be surmised that the conversion ol crude morphine into heroin by acétylation was in process. The approximate produc­ tive capacity of the factory was between 12 and 15 kg. per month. The manufacture was carried on for about four months. The morphine base was of Chinese origin- The cigarette shop served as a blind.

1 See document O.C.S. 300, page 7, No. 1. 11 —

9. One Chinese was sentenced to seven years’ imprisonment and deprived of civil rights for five years ; two others were each sentenced to six years’ imprisonment and deprived of civil rights for five years and three were acquitted. The other two Chinese, who are believed to be the principals, are still at large, and a circular order for their arrest is on file.

No. 121.— Discovery of a Clandestine Pill Factory at 171, Taku Road, International Settlement, Shanghai, March 17th, 1936.

1. 0 .c.s.205^ ;. 13103/388. 2. Shanghai Municipal Council, April 16th, 1936. 3(a). Red pills : 2 kg. 954 grs. (104 oz.). Pill mass : 398 grammes (14 oz.). Caffeine : 85 grammes (3 oz.). Equipment and ingredients used for the manufacture of the pills. 5. Persons implicated : Two Chinese. 7. There were no marks or labels. 8. The house was raided on a warrant after corroborative evidence had beenobtained that it was used as a base for the manufacture of red pills. The factory was operated in two small rooms on the second floor. The utensils consisted of two pill-making machines, one pill-drying tray, two charcoal heating-stoves, three pairs of scales, one sieve, and a few other articles. The equipment was made locally. The ingredients included red dye, gum tragacanth, starch, strychnine and a mixture of flour, sugar and quinine. The factory was in operation forabout four months and produced between 8 and 10 kg. of red pills per month. 9. One Chinese was sentenced to thirteen years’ imprisonment ; the other was acquitted.

No. 122.—Discovery of a Clandestine Pill Factory at House 17, Passage 2, rue Chapsal, French Concession, Shanghai, March 27th, 1936. 1. O.C.S.205(g). 13103/388. 2. Shanghai Municipal Council, April 16th, 1936. 3r

No. 123.—Discovery of a Clandestine Heroin Laboratory at 220, rue du Faubourg- Saint-Honoré, Paris, May 21st, 1935. 1- 0,C.S./Confidential/40. 19445/387. 2. M. Mondanel, Comptroller-General of the National Criminal Investigation Department, Paris, at the twenty-first session of the Advisory Committee, May 1936. Heroin : 100 kg. Refined opium : 250 grammes. 5. Persons implicated : Georges Marcel Chebat, manager of the International Films Co., Benjamin Moses Anavi1 and Isaac Anavi.2 8. An explosion, followed by a fire, took place on the second floor of a building at 220, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré, Paris. This building, which lay back from the street, had been let to Chebat. An examination of the premises showed that the various rooms on the second floor had been specially fitted up and formed a veritable laboratory. In a large front room there were found six pans having a capacity of 50 litres each (two of them contained heroin amounting in all to 100 kg. and the other four contained

1 See docum ents O.C.294(u), page 9, and O.C.294(u), page 4, No. 1226. K ’ See docum ents O.C.294(u), page9, and O.C.294fvJ, page 4, No. 1226; O.C.294fu>;, page 30, No. 1538; O.C.294(z), page 23, °' lyoo, No. 211 of this document, and O.C.S.105 (Confidential). — 12 —

a mixture with an acetone base) ; a large sieve, a pestle and mortar, a number of paper bags, a quantity of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate and a small copper can containing 250 grammes of refined opium. In a second room opening upon a garden situated behind the building, an alembic was fitted up, consisting of a water- tank mounted on a tripod, a large cylindrical container with a tube leading to a second container, also mounted on a tripod. The warm water used for central heating was arranged to run into the second container, the radiator being disconnected and the container being connected directly to the central heating. In a large room fitted with studio windows, there were an electric motor and five empty tubs. A box-room had also been converted into a heating chamber, and a refrigerator had been installed in another room. A shed attached to the building contained two casks of ether, a large carboy with a glass tap mounted on a case and connected to a chemical balloon-flask. The enquiry revealed the fact that, at the time of the explosion, two men, who seemed to have been badly burned and injured, had fled. Chebat alleged that he did not know their names. He even attempted to explain the work done in the building, alleging that it was connected with research for the purpose of discovering a formula for manufacturing synthetic film. It was, however, simply the manufac­ ture of diacetylmorphine. On May 23rd, the investigations led to the identification of the injured men who had disappeared as Benjamin Moses Anavi and Isaac Anavi. Benjamin Anavi, who was found under treatment in the Beaujon Hospital, was placed in custody on leaving hospital. His brother succeeded in escaping from French territory and took refuge in Bulgaria. They were subsequently implicated in that country in a case of morphine smuggling.1 Isaac Anavi has also been discovered to have been engaged in criminal activities in a case occurring at Paris. (See case No. 207 of this document.) The proceedings instituted enabled a charge to be brought against Georges Chebat, Benjamin Anavi and Isaac Anavi. A warrant of arrest was issued against the last- named. Benjamin Anavi persisted in refusing to reveal the origin of the drug from which the diacetylmorphine seized on May 21st last was extracted. Nor did he state the destination of the illicitly manufactured heroin ; but the lined paper bags disco­ vered, which were to have been used as wrappers for this drug, indicated that it was intended for export. The brothers Anavi are both international traffickers and are particularly dangerous on account of their excellent knowledge of the most modern methods of extracting opium alkaloids. 9. On March 28th, 1936, Georges Chebat was sentenced to thirteen months’ imprison­ ment and a fine of 5,000 francs. Benjamin Anavi was sentenced to eighteen months’ imprisonment and a fine of 5,000 francs. Isaac Anavi was sentenced by default to two years’ imprisonment and a fine of 10,000 francs. Appeals have been entered against these sentences.

No. 124.—Discovery of a Clandestine Drug Laboratory at 103, Boulevard Lefebvre, Paris, December 31st, 1935. 1. O.C.S./Confidential/40. 22007/387. 21940/387. 2. M. Mondanel, Comptroller-General of the National Criminal Investigation Department, Paris, at the twenty-first session of the Advisory Committee, May 1936. 3(a). Heroin : Eight packets. Cocaine : Nine packets. 5. Persons implicated : Stanislas Bielski or Bieliski, Pole ; Raymond Salgues ; Hadji Mar- kowitch Toma, of Skoplje, Yugoslavia ; Nicolas Scaliaris. 8. Bielski was arrested in Paris and found in possession of a small quantity of cocaine. He stated falsely that he was a diplomat and claimed to belong to a reigning family and to have very extensive relations in society. It was ascertained that the supplier of the drugs was Raymond Salgues, and, on information furnished by Bielski, one G., known as “ René ”, born at Marseilles, resident at Paris, was arrested on December 31st, 1935. He was engaged in the traffic in drugs in two cafés in the Boulevard de Rochechouart, in Paris. He was also in relation with Salgues. The latter was arrested, after surveillance, on December 31st, 1935, together with Simone T., born at Lunel (Hérault), his friend, residing in Paris in two different rooms. A search carried out in Salgues’ room led to the seizure of nine packets of cocaine and eight packets of heroin, together with an envelope addressed to him at 103, Boulevard Lefebvre, Paris. In the room of Simone T., a notorious addict, three receptacles which had contained smoking-opium were discovered. A search carried out at No. 103, Boulevard Lefebvre led to the seizure of an equipped laboratory containing bottles, test-tubes and flasks of acetic acid, hydrochloric acid and ammonia, which chemicals are used for the conversion of morphine hydrochloride and other derivatives of raw opium. On a pair of scales in one of the rooms, traces of narcotic drugs were found. Lastly, a suitcase which was found in a corner contained substances (unspecified in the report of the enquiry) which had come from Skoplje. The enquiry subsequently revealed that Salgues was in touch with Hadji Markowitch Toma, of Skoplje, known to be an international trafficker. Salgues stated that he had rented the premises at 103, Boulevard Lefebvre on behalf of Scaliaris, alias

1 See document O.C.294fzj, page 23, No. 1900. — 13 —

“ Nique ”, who, having been expelled from France in April 1935, could not use his own name. This man, a chemist by profession, is a notorious trafficker and manufacturer of morphine and heroin, and plays a very active part in the drug traffic. Scaliaris was arrested on February 7th, 1936, for failure to comply with an expulsion order. It is from him that Salgues is believed to have obtained his supplies. Subsequent enquiries led to the identification of the man T., born in the Department of the Aube and living at the house of Mlle. L., alias Réal, in Paris, as an accom­ plice of Salgues. A warrant having been issued, T. was arrested in the Brussels train at St. Quentin (Aisne) on February 12th, 1936. His dealings with Salgues were proved by his correspondence. T., who described himself as a chemist, made frequent journeys to Yugoslavia, particularly the Skoblje district. 9, The case is at present in the hands of the examining magistrate and it is possible that other persons may also be charged.

No. 125—Discovery of a Clandestine Morphine Factory at Seac Pai Van, M eceo, IS 35. 1. 0.G.S.285. 23989/387. 2. Portuguese Government, May 18th, 1936. 5. Persons implicated : Leong Chek Chi, native of San Vui, China, resident at Shanghai and temporarily in Macao ; Julio Antonio Eugénio da Silva, Portuguese subject. 8. The Director of the Civil Administration Services, on being informed of the discovery of this factory, immediately undertook an enquiry, and an examination having been conducted by sworn experts, it was found that the factory, although completely equipped, had not yet begun production. Construction had been begun in the middle of December 1934 and was completed early in February of the following year. One notice in the building stated that it was an ice-factory, while another stated that it was a canning factory. All the material in the factory, which consisted of the machinery, utensils and chemical products, was confiscated. Leong Chek Chi had concluded a contract for the sum of 4,000 patacas (5,080 Swiss francs) for the installation of this factory. 9. The accused were sentenced to expulsion from the colony for five years. No other penalties were pronounced, owing to the fact that the law governing the trade in narcotics does not cover the case in question, no reference to attempted production or manufacture of drugs or to clandestine factories not yet having begun operations being contained therein. It is intended to modify the law in this respect. No. 126.—Discovery of a Clandestine Morphine Factory on Halki Island, Princes’ Island, Istanbul, May 1936. 1. 0.G.S.288. 24380/387. 2. Turkish Minister of Health and Social Welfare at Istanbul, June 11th, 1936. 3faj. Morphine : 5 kg. (this was not pure morphine). Morphine and cocaine : several ampoules. Liquid containing morphine : Eight bottles. Various utensils and ingredients. 5. Persons implicated : Dr. Maniadaki Christof, Greek ; Hayim Hers, chief accountant in an important druggist’s shop at Istanbul. 8. The authorities received information that certain individuals were providing women of good society with drugs, for which they were very well paid. One of these women was discovered in the act of taking the drug and the police were able to find the source, which was a small factory situated in a villa on the Island of Halki. In searching this villa, the above drugs were found. The factory was on a very small scale, but there was no doubt that it was installed to produce small quantities of morphine. Enquiries established that Dr. Christof, who is himself a morphine addict, was the head of the business, and his brother-in-law, Hayim Hers, saw to the distribution of the drug. The affair is pending.

B. NEW CASES OF SEIZURES.

1. RAW OPIUM.

^°- 127.—Seizures in the United Kingdom during 1935. 1 0.C.S.276. 23818/22153. '• Government of the United Kingdom in its annual report for 1935, April 3rd, 1936. Raw opium : 13 kg 74 grs. Prepared opium : 1 kg. 461 grs. Dross : 199 grammes. Morphine : 11 grammes. Heroin : 4 grammes. Hashish : 980 grammes. — 14 —

4. Fourteen of the seizures dealt with by the Customs were operated on board vessels I various ports. The vessels were all British, with the exception of two, which we I Dutch. re I 5. The accused were mostly Orientals, and in all cases the place of origin was given as eith I India or China. er 8. There were fifteen case of seizures by the Customs and thirteen cases of seizures bv th police. In one case, 40 milligrammes were imported from Paris through the post b y6 Russian film art director for medical treatment in ignorance of the law. f}l(, offender was not prosecuted. The seizures by the police concerned for the most part unauthorised possession or failure to enter the purchase in the register. In six cases the drug was destroyed ; in three, it was returned to the chemist from whom it had been stolen ; in one, it was used by the City Analyst ; in one, it was sent to the police college for instructional purposes ; and in two, it was still in the hands of the police at the time of making the report. 9. As far as the Customs seizures are concerned, terms of imprisonment ranging from eleven days to three months were inflicted in six cases. Fines were inflicted in five cases and ranged from £2 to £8 and costs. Two accused, in addition to their sentence were recommended for deportation. There were no arrests in three cases. The number of persons proceeded against in the police cases was sixty-one. Forty-four of these persons were convicted, nineteen being sentenced to terms of imprisonment varying between one month or less and four years’ penal servitude. In two of these cases, fines of £5 and £50 were inflicted in addition to the term of imprisonment Twenty-five persons were sentenced to fines. Three cases were dismissed. Fourteen cases were dealt with under the Probation of Offenders Act. Six being put on probation, seven held under recognisances and one dismissed.

No. 128.—Seizures in Hong-Kong in January 1936.

1. 10051/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, April 8th, 1936. 3fa;. Raw opium : 197 kg. 983 grs. (5,240 taels). The report includes only seizures of over 50 taels (1 kg. 889 grs.). 7. 141 kg. 6 grs. were of Iranian origin and bore no label. 56 kg. 977 grs. were of Chinese origin and bore the Kwong Tung Pagoda and Kwong Si labels. 8. There were fourteen cases. In five cases there were no arrests, the persons arrested in the remaining cases being all of Chinese nationality. In four cases, the opium was concealed on the person of the accused ; in three, the opium was packed up in a parcel which, from the method of packing, appeared to be intended to be thrown from a train ; in one, the opium was thrown out of a train to defendant, who was waiting for it ; in one, it was concealed in a specially made water-tank in the kitchen of a house and, in another, it was found in specially made cavities on the roof of the house ; in one, the opium was found on the sea-bed in sealed tins and, in another, it was packed in seventeen large tins, which were concealeda mong the rocks ; in one, it was found by the captain of the s.s. Mui Nam in the harbour, shortly before departure for Singapore ; and in one. it was concealed in an unclaimed basket of vegetables. 9. The sentences pronounced were as follows : a fine of 4,000 Hong-Kong dollars (4,744 Swiss francs) or one year’s imprisonment ; a fine of 3,000 dollars (3,558 Swiss francs) or one year’s imprisonment ; a fine of 2,900 dollars (3,439 Swiss francs) or one year’s imprisonment ; two fines of 2,400 dollars (2,846 Swiss francs) or six months’ impri­ sonment ; a fine of 2,000 dollars (2,372 Swiss francs) or nine months’ imprisonment ; a fine of 1,500 dollars (1,779 Swiss francs) or eight months’ imprisonment ; a fine of 1,000 dollars (1,186 Swiss francs) or six months’ imprisonment ; a fine of 700 dollars (830 Swiss francs) or six months’ imprisonment.

No. 129.—Seizures in Hong-Kong in February 1936.

1. 10051/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, May 2nd, 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : 389 kg. 581 grs. (10,311 taels). The report onlv includes seizures of over 1 kg. 889 grs. 7. 376 kg. 621 grs. were of Iranian origin. The rest was Chinese opium and bore the “ Kwong Tung Pagoda ” mark. 8. There were nine cases and five arrests. In the first case, the opium was found in an unoccupied boat lying in the harbour. In the second, it was packed in tins c o n c e a l e d under the deck of a junk in the harbour which was lying near the s.s. Hai Yang, du® to sail for Swatow, Amoy and Foochow. In the third, it was found in the cock-lol of the ground floor of a house. This floor was unoccupied. In the fourth, it " aS — 15 —

found near the bed of the crews’ cook on board the Hai Ning, due to sail for Swatow, Amoy and Foochow. In the fifth, it was concealed in the defendant’s bed in a house. In the sixth, it was found in a wooden box in a house, claimed by defendant. In the seventh, it was concealed among personal luggage of a passenger embarking from the s.s. Kinshan, just arrived from Macao. In the eighth, it was in a basket of water-chestnuts, and, in the ninth, it was found in a cave above high-water mark below the Victoria Road, a vicinity in which there are no houses. 9. One accused was sentenced to a fine of 500 Hong-Kong dollars (593 Swiss francs) or five months’ imprisonment ; one to 600 dollars (712 Swiss francs) or six months’ imprisonment ; one to 800 dollars (948 Swiss francs) or six months’ imprisonment ; one to 1,200 dollars (1,423 Swiss francs) or eight months’ imprisonment, and one to 5,000 dollars (5,930 Swiss francs) or one year’s imprisonment.

No. 130.—Seizures at Hong-Kong during March 1936.

1. 10051/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, June 5th, 1936. 3(aj. Raw opium : 84 kg. 785 grs. (2,244 taels). The report only includes seizures of over 50 taels (1 kg. 889 grs.). 5. Three Chinese were arrested. 7. 36 kg. 262 grs. bore the mark “ Hop Tee Hou Macao ” marked in English and Chinese with a rubber stamp. 40 kg. 806 grs. bore the “ A. & B. ” mark. Both these consignments were of Iranian origin. 7 kg. 707 grs. bore the Kwong Tung Pagoda labels. This was of Chinese origin. 8. There were four cases. 36 kg. 262 grs. were found in a house in the city of Victoria, which was discovered to be a distributing depot. Many old outer covers for packages were found, also sinking ropes and marking sections of bamboo. 7 kg. 707 grs. were found in a basket on the premises of a house in Kowloon and concealed on the person of the accused in the street. 40 kg. 806 grs. were found in a sampan at Lantau Island. The sampan, which was vacant at the time of seizure, was apparently used as a depot. The opium was on the sampan and was in a damp condition, which indicated that it had been dumped. 9. One accused was sentenced to a fine of 5,000 Hong-Kong dollars (5,930 Swiss francs) or one year’s imprisonment ; one to a fine of 1,400 dollars (1,660 Swiss francs) or six months’ imprisonment ; and one to a fine of 600 dollars (712 Swiss francs) or six months’ imprisonment.

No. 131.—Seizures at Hong-Kong during April 1936.

1. 10051/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, June 18th, 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : 124 kg. 684 grs. (3,300 taels). The report only includes seizures of over 50 taels (1 kg. 889 grs.) 5. There were four persons arrested : Two Chinese females, one Chinese male and one Portuguese male. 7. The opium was all of Iranian origin. 40 kg. 352 grs. bore the “ Heart Brand ” mark ; 2 kg. 720 grs. bore the “ Hing Koo ” mark. Both these marks had been placed on a red paper wrapper with a rubber stamp. The rest bore no mark. 8. There were four cases. In one case, the opium was packed in a sealed tin done up in a gunny-bag cover which had been dumped in the sea. The tin was carried by the accused inside a bucket with lamp complete to resemble a night-soil bucket. The seizure was made at night. In the second case, the man arrested, a Portuguese, stated that he had brought the opium from Macao, acting as a carrier in order to to earn a little money. In the third case, the opium was found in the kitchen and in the rear cubicle of some premises in Kowloon, and, in the fourth case, it was found in a special double bottom of a sampan which appeared to be used as a depot. 9. Two of the accused were sentenced to a fine of 5,000 Hong-Kong dollars (5,930 Swiss francs) or nine months’ imprisonment ; one was sentenced to a fine of 2,500 dollars (2,965 Swiss francs) or six months’ imprisonment ; and one to a fine of 2,000 dollars (2’,372 Swiss francs) or ten months’ imprisonment.

No. 132.—Seizures at Singapore during January 1936.

1. 15391/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, April 8th, 1936. Raw opium : 81 kg. 725 grs. (2,163 tahils). Prepared opium : 64 kg. 190 grs. (1,698.92 tahils). Dross : 39 grammes (1.02 tahil). — 16 —

7. 76 kg. 246 grs. of raw opium were of Iranian origin. The origin of the rest was unknown. 64 kg. 42 grs. of prepared opium came from Macao and bore the “ Red Lion " mark. 8. There were nine cases of seizures of over 10 tahils (378 grammes). These cases resulted in nine arrests. In four cases, there were no arrests. In six cases, the opium was found on board vessels ; in one case, it was found in the public road ; and in one, on the landing-place. 9. One case involving five arrests was still pending at the time of making the report. There were four convictions, two accused being sentenced to six months’ rigorous imprison­ ment and a fine of 500 Straits dollars (996 Swiss francs) or a further five months’ rigorous imprisonment; one accused, to five months’ rigorous imprisonment and a fine of 300 dollars (598 Swiss francs) or a further fourteen weeks’ rigorous imprisonment; and a fourth accused, to one day’s simple imprisonment and a fine of 600 dollars (1,196 Swiss francs) or a further seven months’ rigorous imprisonment.

No. 133.—Seizures in Singapore during February 1936.

1. 15391/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, April 28th, 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : 33 kg. 202 grs. (878.75 tahils). Prepared opium : 30 kg. 565 grs. (808.96 tahils). Dross : 591 grammes (15.64 tahils). 7. 32 kg. 918 grs. of raw opium were of Iranian origin. 30 kg. 124 grs. of prepared opium came from Macao and bore the “ Red Lion ” mark. 8. There were nine cases of seizures over ten tahils (378 grammes). Arrests took place in three cases only. Four seizures took place in houses in the settlement and five on board vessels. 9. The three persons arrested were sentenced respectively to one day’s simple imprisonment and a fine of 400 Straits dollars (797 Swiss francs) or three months’ rigorous imprison­ ment ; one day’s simple imprisonment and a fine of 900 dollars (1,793 Swiss francs) or nine months’ rigorous imprisonment ; three months’ rigorous imprisonment and a fine of 2,500 dollars (4,980 Swiss francs) or ten months’ rigorous imprisonment.

No. 134.—Seizures at Amoy between February 14th and March 5th, 1936.

1. 2030/387(4). 2. Chinese Maritime Customs, through Mr. L. A. Lyall, Assessor to the Advisory Committee, May 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : 3 kg. 890 grs. 4. On two British and two Japanese vessels. The two British vessels were coming from Foochow ; one of the Japanese vessels was coming from Hong-Kong and the other was leaving for Foochow. 5. There were only two arrests made. The accused persons were Wang Ping Yen and Wang Hsin Chu, both Formosans. 7. The opium was all of Iranian origin. 8. There were four cases. In two cases, the opium was found concealed in luggage, the owner of which could not be identified. In one case, the opium was found in two baskets in a sampan lying alongside the vessel and, in the fourth, it was on the persons of the two accused, who were handed over to the Japanese consular police on board.

No. 135.—Attempted Opium-smuggling by Members of the Grew of H.M.S. “ Gannet ”, discovered at Ichang and atHankow inNovember 1935.

1. 23736/387. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, May 6th, 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : At Ichang : 909 grammes (2 lb.). At Hankow : 61 kg. 358 grs. (135 lb.). 8. At Ichang, the opium was discovered in the possession of a Chinese boat-boy. At Hankow, a search revealed the opium hidden in the coal bunkers and in the Chinese mess. 9. The Chinese boat-boy was discharged without pay forthwith. In the case at Hankow, since it was impossible to discover the actual culprit, all the Chinese ratings were fined half a month’s pay. The opium was all destroyed. — 17 —

No. 136.—Seizures in Lappa in December 1935. 1. 2030/387(15). 2. Chinese Maritime Customs, through Mr. L. A. Lyall, Assessor to the Advisory Committee, June 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : 3 kg. 150 grs. Prepared opium : 240 grammes. 4. 900 grammes were found on the Chinese sampan Cheng Ta. 5. Persons implicated : Yeung Kee, Kwok Pun, Cheng Ta, master of sampan Cheng Ta, Ah Ng and Kwan Hing, all Chinese. 7. The raw opium was all of Iranian origin. The prepared opium was from Macao. 8. There were four cases in connection with raw opium and one case in connection with prepared opium. In four cases, the opium was concealed on the person of the accused, three of whom were pedestrians, from Macao, the fourth being a passenger on the bus from Wanchai. In the fifth case, it was found concealed in a sampan in two packets in a specially constructed shelf in the stern and among a lot of sugar cakes and rubber shoes underneath the bilge boards. 9. The accused were all handed over to the police.

No. 137.—Seizures in Lappa in First Quarter, 1936. 1. 2030/387(15). 2. Chinese Maritime Customs, through Mr. L. A. Lyall, Assessor to the Advisory Committee, June 1936. 3 Raw opium : 9 kg. 940 grs. 4. 170 grammes were found on Sing Yung Kan on board the Chinese tow-boat Shun Fat and 2 kg. 270 grs. on the Chinese sampan Woo So, both coming from Macao. 5. Persons implicated : Man Sui, Cheng Yan Cheung, Wong Cri Tai, Lee Yao, Sing Yung Kan, runner on board the tow-boat Shun Fat, Chao Kun, Koo Yung, rickshaw coolie, Wu Lam, Chang Yun, Ting Tsui Chi, Wu Ying, all Chinese. The accused were all pedestrians or cyclists coming from Macao, with the exception of the two cases mentioned under item 4 and one other in which the accused was a Chinese passenger on the Ki-Kwan bus. 7. The opium was all of Iranian origin. 8. There were thirteen cases. In seven, the opium was found concealed on the person of the accused, one being the runner on board the Shun Fat. In one case, the opium was found concealed in two bundles of preserved olives ; in one case, it was found in the cushion of a rickshaw ; in one case, it was seized from a man at the Portuguese gate in a packet which he threw on the ground before escaping back into Portuguese territory ; in one case, the opium was found tied to the body of a baby carried by Chang Yun, a Chinese woman ; in one case, it was found in a double-bottomed tin containing salted shrimps ; and in one, it was found in a basket of bran. 9. All the accused, except the woman with the baby, were handed over to the police.

No. 138.—Seizures at Swatow during the First Quarter of 1936. 1. 2030/387(23). 2. Chinese Maritime Customs through Mr. L. A. Lyall, Assessor to the Advisory Committee, May 1936. 3f«J. Raw opium : 27 kg. 257 grs. 4. By the British vessels Haitan and Shunchih, both from Hong-Kong ; by the Dutch vessel Angelina, from Hong-Kong ; by the Chinese motor-launch Shantung, from Swatow to Shihlin, and the Norwegian vessel Hellas, from Hong-Kong. 7. The opium was all of Iranian origin. 8. There were five cases. The opium was found in the oil-tank on board the Haitan, inside the donkey boiler on t he Shunchih, in the engine-room and in the firemen’s quarters of the Angelina, in the passengers’ quarters on iho Shantung and concealed in a double wall behind the bunk in the second compradore’s cabin on the s.s. Hellas. There were no accused.

No. 139.—Illicit Traffic at Cairo and Alexandria discovered on April 26th and 27th, 1936. 1. 24049/387. Central Narcotics Intelligence Bureau, Cairo, May 16th, 1936. Raw opium : 4 kg. 664 grs. Heroin : 10 grammes. Hashish : 345 grammes. Persons implicated : Mohammed Amin Zein Eddine, of Mansoura ; Khalil Ali El Gohari, Alexandria ; Hussein Ibrahim Bayoumi, a chauffeur at Cairo. — 18 —

7. 3 kg. 547 grs. of the raw opium were in the form of sticks and were of Iranian origin bearing a label which read : “ Gehar Misqal Abadan Inhissar Daoulety Tiriaq Hesht Rial ” which means “ Four misqals, Abadan, Government Monopoly for the use of opium eight dollars Photographs of the labels are in the archives of the Secretariat. 8. The Bureau received information that Eddine was dealing in narcotics and selling them in Cairo. A confidant was instructed to get into touch with him and, after having done so, reported that he had asked him to prepare a quantity of hashish and opium and had agreed to pay £E103, plus a pledge of £E15, to be paid before delivery of the drugs. It was arranged that a force from the Bureau should be present at the time of handing over the drugs and three £E5 bank-notes were marked and handed to the confidant for payment to the trafficker. At the place of rendezvous at the time arranged, a private car arrived and the driver got into touch with the confidant. A few minutes later the trafficker arrived in his car, and, after a short talk, the whole party started off to drive to Sharia Taher. The force then made its presence known and stopped the car. A valise was found inside containing tools and three packets containing the hashish and 2 kg. 34 grs. of raw opium. 18 grammes of opium were found on Eddine, together with 10 grammes of heroin. The three marked bank-notes were, however, not found. Eddine admitted his share in the affair and said that the drugs belonged to a certain person at Alexandria. During the transactions between the confidant and Eddine, he had telephoned to a certain Mahmoud Abdel Wahab El Serougi at Mansoura to send the drugs with the driver to Cairo, so police authorities at Mansoura and Alexandria were requested to make the necessary enquiries, with the result that El Gohari was arrested in the possession of 2 kg. 612 grs. of raw opium.

No. 140.—Seizures at Port Said on February 3rd and 5th, 1936, ex the s.s. “ War M ehtar

1. 23424/387. 2. Central Narcotics Intelligence Bureau, Cairo, April 14th, 1936. 3fa;. Raw opium : 9 kg. 552 grs. 4. The War Mehlah is a British Admiralty tanker. 5. Persons implicated : Chang Seng, Tang Si Kiang, Tong Ah Sing, Ling Ah Sing and Wong Ah Nee, Chinese sailors on board. 7. The opium was marked “ Imported from Abadan ”, and all was in pencil form. 8. The War Mehtah was searched in the presence of a British Consular representative and the second mate, with the result that 32 grammes of opium were found in Ling Ah Sing’s locker and 1 kg. 837 grs. in the paint store. The owner of the opium was arrested and transported ashore on February 3rd. On February 5th, it was found that other members of the crew of the vessel were offering opium for sale at £6 per lb. against delivery on the tanker. Another search under the same conditions was made on board the vessel and 7 kg. 525 grs. of opium found beneath a water-tank and its iron supports. A further search in the crew’s quarters revealed 458 grammes. £141 in notes, 121 Singapore dollar bank-notes, 18^ Indian rupees in silver and 30s. in silver were found in the possession of the accused, the major portion of which was the property of the boatswain, whose monthly salary was £4 15s. 9. Chang Seng, Tang Si Kiang and Tong Ah Sing were sentenced to one year’s imprisonment and a fine of £E200 (3,518 Swiss francs). Ling Ah Sin g was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment and a fine of £E30 (528 Swiss francs). The Customs Commission, Port Said, sentenced Chang Seng, Tang Si Kiang and Tong Ah Sing to pay a fine conjointly of £E9.665m/m (160 Swiss francs). Wong Ah Nee was sentenced to two years’ imprisonment and a fine of £E300 (5,278 Swiss francs).

No. 141.—Seizure at Dunkirk, July 30th, 1935.

1. 0,C.S./Confidential/40. 19445/387. 2. M. Mondanel, Comptroller-General of the National Criminal Investigation Department, Paris, at the twenty-first session of the Advisory Committee, May 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : 107 kg. 800 grs. 4. By the s.s. Liberty (French-American Line), plying between Le Havre, Dunkirk and the United States. 5. Persons implicated : Herman Charles Thomas, born at Amsterdam, naturalised American and boatswain of the vessel ; Joseph Ryan, American, second cook on board the vessel. 7. The opium was wrapped in red paper bearing no mark of origin or inscription. 8. The Customs brigade agents of Dunkirk stopped Thomas as he was endeavouring to take on board this ship four suitcases containing 242 packets of opium of a net weight of 107 kg. 800 grs. Enquiries were at once instituted at Dunkirk, which revealed — 19 —

that Ryan was also implicated, and he was arrested. The opium had been transported to Dunkirk in a powerful motor-car, the registered number of which could not be ascertained. The drug is identical with that discovered on August 23rd, 1935, onboard the steamship Pipestone County at New York.1 This cargo-boat had left the port of Dunkirk on August 7th. It should also be noted that the packing of the drug seized at New York and at Dunkirk is the same as that of the opium discovered during the night of February 26th-27th, 1935, at Moret,2 inside a motor-car which came from Marseilles and was proceeding to the capital. 9. Thomas was sentenced to eighteen months’ imprisonment and Ryan to one year’s imprisonment and a fine of 10,000 francs. These men were also sentenced jointly to a fine of 105,000 francs at the request of the Directorate of Customs.

No. 142.—Seizure at Le Havre, October 12th, 1935.

1. 0.C.S./Confidential/40. 19445/387. 2. M. Mondanel, Comptroller-General of the National Criminal Investigation Department, Paris, at the twenty-first session of the Advisory Committee, May 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : 130 grammes. 5. Person implicated : Le Dinh Men, a sailor for some years past unemployed. 8. Le Dinh Men was stopped by the Havre police as he was leaving his home at 1, Quai de Seine. He was searched and found to have in his possession a cigarette-case containing thirty-four packets of opium of 0.625 grammes each. His room was then searched, when a complete smoking-out fit was discovered, together with a further 174 packets, bringing the number up to 208 and the total weight to 130 grammes. The enquiry revealed the fact that Le Dinh Men had established an opium-den in his room, where he received only those of his compatriots who were sailors. 9. Le Dinh Men was sentenced to four months’ imprisonment and a fine of 1,000 francs.

No. 143.—Seizure at Marseilles, January 20th, 1936. 1. 0.C.S./ConfidentiaI/40. 19445/387. 2. M. Mondanel, Comptroller-General of the National Criminal Investigation Department, at the twenty-first session of the Advisory Committee, May 1936. 3w. Raw opium : 27 kg. 4. By the s.s. Théophile-Gautier. 5. Person implicated : A Corsican boatman. 7. The opium was wrapped in white paper. Its origin has notbeen established. 8. The accused was arrested just after he had carried on shore a bag containing the opium, which was in cakes of 1 kg. He said he had received the opium from an unknown person, who has not been identified by the enquiry, on board the vessel, which was anchored in the reserve dock of the port of Marseilles. 9. The accused was sentenced to eighteen months’ imprisonment, 5,000 francs fine and five years’ deprivation of civil rights.

No. 144.—Seizure at Petit-Couronne (Seine-Inférieure), France, on October 24th, 1935. 1. O.C.S./Confidential/40. 19445/387. 2. M. Mondanel, Comptroller-General of the National Criminal Investigation Department, Paris, at the twenty-first session of the Advisory Committee, May 1936. Raw opium : 2 kg. 765 grs. 4' By the s.s. Agnita (Dutch). *>• Persons implicated : Tson Ha Die, Chinese ; Ou Shung Ki, member of the crew of the vessel. - The Customs Service at Petit-Couronne stopped Tson Ha Die as he was boarding' the Agnita, anchored in the small dock. Tson Ha Die was searched and found to be in possession of two tablets of opium of a total weight of 1 kg. 265 grs. This drug was wrapped in plain white paper without any mark or inscription. On being questioned, he stated that the opium found on him had been handed to him at Rouen by a Chinese national whom he did not know, and that it was intended for a compatriot living in Mexico. As the result of this seizure, the Customs Brigade of Grand-Couronne, on October 26th, 1935, searched the cargo-boat Agnita, and discovered hidden under old rags 1 kg. 500 grs. of raw opium in a bag belonging to Ou Shung Ki, one of the crew. Judging by the packing, this drug appears to be of the same origin as that found on Tson Ha Die. Tson Ha Die was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment and to a fine of 1,000 francs.

See document O.C.294fz;t page 14, No. 1869. see document O.C.S.Confidential/35. 20 —

No. 145.*—Seizure at St. Pol s/Mer, near Dunkirk, November 15th, 1935.

1. 0,C.S./Confidential/40. 21778/387. 2. M. Mondanel, Comptroller-General of the National Criminal Investigation Department Paris, at the twenty-first session of the Advisory Committee, May 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : 30 kg. 4. By the s.s. Pipestone County. 5. Persons implicated : Richard MacVey, British, and Alfred Anderssen, Norwegian, both members of the crew of the vessel. 7. The opium was wrapped in red paper and would seem to be identical with that seized at Hoboken, N.J., on August 23rd, 1935.1 8. MacVey and Anderssen were both arrested at St. Pol by the Dunkirk Customs Service. Two suitcases which they were carrying contained sixty packets of 500 grammes of raw opium wrapped in red paper. The drug was intended to be taken on the steamship. In reply to enquiries, Alfred Anderssen and Richard MacVey alleged their ignorance of the origin of the opium in their possession and gave a description of the person who had handed it to them at the Gare du Nord in Paris, which has not led to his identification. In accordance with particulars communicated by the foreign service concerned, the Customs of Hoboken (U.S.A.), on August 23rd, 1935, seized on the same vessel, the Pipestone County, forty packets of 500 grammes of raw opium also wrapped in red paper and packed in sheets of the newspaper Le Havre of August 3rd and 10th, 1935.1 The owner of the drug was not at that time discovered. 9. The Court of Summary Jurisdiction at Dunkirk imposed the following penalties ; Alfred Anderssen, one year’s imprisonment ; Richard MacVey, one year’s imprisonment and jointly a fine of 31,000 francs.

No. 146.—Seizures at Calcutta during March 1936. 1. 24396/387. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, June 16th, 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : 1 kg. 425 grs. (1 seer 8 chittaks 2 tolas). Prepared opium : 378 grammes (5 chittaks 1\ tolas). Indian hemp : 870 grammes (15 chittaks). 4. The raw and prepared opium was found on board the s.s. Yuensang (Messrs. J a rd in e , Skinner & Co.), coming from Osaka, Kobe, Hong-Kong, Singapore and Penang. The Indian hemp was brought on board the s.s. Cortettazo (Messrs. Turner, Morrison and Co.), coming from Italian and Egyptian ports, Djibouti and Madras. 5. There was one arrest, a person on board the Cortettazo, Constantine Ermenio. 8. The opium was found in the course of a rummage by the rummaging staff in the boiler- room of the s.s. Yuen Sang. The Indian hemp was in the possession of Ermenio, who was caught at the dock gates with the hemp in his possession. 9. Ermenio was sentenced to a fine of Rs.200 (260 Swiss francs) or three months’ rigorous imprisonment.

No. 147.—Seizure in the Port of Ancona, Italy, September 18th, 1935.

1. O.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government, in its report on the illicit traffic in 1935, May 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : 4 kg. 5. Domenico Scasso and Lindo Pasini, both seamen, who had embarked on the steamer Cortetazzo, were arrested, the opium having been seized in their quarters on board. The result of the criminal proceedings taken against them is being awaited.

No. 148.—Seizure at Genoa, May 25th, 1935. 1. O.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government, in its report on the illicit traffic in 1935, May 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : 2 kg. Morphine : 850 grammes. 5. Person implicated : Guiseppe Serra. 8. Serra was arrested in Genoa, the above drugs having been found in his possession. W was not possible to discover the origin of the drugs, but it is thought, in view of tw town in which the arrest occurred, that they were smuggled drugs of Eastern origin- 9. Serra was sentenced to one year’s penal internment and a fine of 1,000 lire.

1 See document O.C.294(z;, page 14, No. 1869. — 21

No. 149.—Seizure at Amsterdam, February 28th, 1936.

1. 661/388(2). No. 621. 2. Netherlands Government, April 16th, 1936. 3fa). Raw opium : 1 kg. 750 grs. Dross : 800 grammes. 4. By the s.s. Meerkerk (Vereenigde Scheepvaart Maatschappijen, Dutch), coming from the Far East. 5. Person implicated : Wong Chi, a Chinese sailor on board the vessel. 7. The marks were not discernible. 8. The drugs were found on the accused as he was being searched on leaving the vessel. He stated that he had obtained them at Dairen for 45 Chinese dollars (47 Swiss francs) and that he intended to sell them in the Netherlands. 9. The accused was sentenced to one month’s imprisonment, the time he had been in preven­ tive custody being deducted.

No. 150.—Seizure at Rotterdam, February 28th, 1936.

1. 661/388(2). No. 620. 2. Netherlands Government, March 30th, 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : 2 kg. 5. Persons implicated : Anthony van der Berge, fruit merchant at Rotterdam ; Willem Knijpinga, fitter at Rotterdam. 7. There were no marks or labels. 8. The opium was found in a box fixed to the wheel of a camion belonging to van der Berge. The opium belonged to Knijpinga, who, however, refused to give any information as to its origin. 9. The case is pending.

No. 151.—Seizure at Rotterdam, April 22nd, 1936.

1. 661/388(2). No. 627. 2. Netherlands Government, May 25th, 1936. 3faj. Raw opium : 13 kg. 500 grs. 5. Person implicated : Leendert Kleiweg, Dutch. 7. The opium was in thirty packets, each weighing 450 grammes, wrapped in red paper outside and inside in white paper. On theoutside the letters “ A & B ”, printed in blue, were enclosed in a square. The opium was of Iranian origin. 8. The accused stated that he had received the opium from an unknown Chinese in Rotterdam. 9. The case is pending.

No. 152..—Seizures in the Netherlands Indies in January 1936.

1. 20070/388. Nos. 622-626. 2. Netherlands Government, May 25th, 1936. Raw opium : 138 kg. 977 grs. a. The consignor of 64 kg. 190 grs. was Kwong Wo San, of Hong-Kong, and the consignee, The Khoen Lian, of Semarang. The latter was unknown in Semarang. The consignee of 26 kg. 815 grs. was Nam Tjé, at Batavia. This person was also unknown at Batavia. There were no arrests. 7. The opium was all of Iranian origin. 8. 15 kg. 50 grs. were found in the engine-room of the s.s. Tjihembang. 64 kg. 190 grs. were found on the s.s. Tjisaroea in three cases of a consignment of twenty cases of Chinese prepared fruits, marked “ T.K.L. ”. The Khoen Lian, the consignee, did not claim the consignment, so the cases were opened and the opium found. 21 kg. 850 grs. were found in the sea in two jute sacks attached by a cord to a fishing net. 26 kg. 815 grs. were found in four boxes, each containing fifteen packets, hidden at the bottom of two cases of electric lanterns on board the s.s. Tjisondari. An anony­ mous letter warned the authorities that the eases contained opium. 11 kg. 72 grs. were thrown overboard from the s.s. Tjibadak as it was entering the harbour of Batavia. It was picked up by a canoe, which, in danger of being run down by the Tjibadak, threw the sack of opium overboard ; it was picked up by the crew of the Tjibadak. The canoe escaped. The four vessels belonged to the Java-China-Japan line, Dutch, and were all coming from Hong-Kong and China. There were five cases. — 2 2 —

No. 153.—Seizure at Buffalo, New York, March 17th, 1936.

1. 1281/388(242). No. 526. 2. Government of the United States of America, April 29th, 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : 228 grammes (3,500 grains). Prepared opium : 73 grammes (1,130 grains). Dross : 25 grammes (390 grains). Three opium-smoking bowls, one pipe-stem, one opium scale and one opium lamp. 5. Persons implicated : Wong Yu Chi, alias Tang Su, a Chinese. 7. There were no identifying marks or labels. The raw opium was part of a 1 lb. brick, wrapped in tinfoil, then white glazed paper, the outer wrapper being red glazed paper. The tin containing the prepared opium probably formerly contained spices. 8. Acting on information received from an anonymous source to the effect that the accused had a quantity of prepared opium concealed in his apartment, narcotic agents at Buffalo conducted an investigation of the building and, detecting fumes of opium, searched the apartment of the accused and found the drugs and equipment. 9. The accused was arrested and is being held in default of bond awaiting trial.

No. 154.—Seizure at Calexico, California, May 1st, 1936.

1. 1281/388(256). No. 539. 2. Government of the United States of America, June 9th, 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : 7 grammes (110 grains). 5. Person implicated : Albert A. Deal. 7. The opium was in a plain glass phial with no identifying marks or labels. 8. Deal crossed the United States-Mexico border-line on foot from Mexicali, B.C., Mexico. He was searched and the opium found inserted in his rectum. He had apparently purchased the opium in Mexicali. A copy of this report has been sent by the United States authorities to the Mexican Government. Deal will be prosecuted.

No. 155.—Seizure at Constable Hook, New Jersey, April 7th, 1936.

1. 1281/388(250). No. 533, 533(a) and (b). 2. Government of the United States of America, May 19th and June 22nd, 1936. 3fa>. Raw opium : 241 grammes (8J oz.). Opium in soak : 426 grammes (15 oz.). Dross : one small package. 4. By the s.s. Patella (Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co., Ltd., London, British), coming from Liverpool, Stanlow, Eastham and Curaçao. 5. Person implicated : Chan Sing Gum, Chinese quartermaster on board. 7. The characters on the opium wrappers are Iranian, the characters and English meaning of which is as follows : “ Chihar Miskal Binader Jinub Inhisar Dowlati Taryak Chihar Rial Binader Jinub Chihar Rial ; four miskals southern ports natural opium monopoly four rials southern ports four rials.” From this it would appear that the raw opium sticks were produced by the Persian Government Opium Monopoly. Photographs of these sticks are in the archives of the Secretariat. 8. When the s.s. Patella arrived at Constable Hook from Curaçao, Customs officers, searching the vessel for contraband, noticed that the right hand trouser pocket of the accused had a suspicious bulge in it. He resisted when a search of his person was attempted, but finally submitted and, as a result, twenty-three sticks of raw opium were found concealed in his pocket. When the sticks of opium were brought ashore, they had become broken into twenty-eight pieces and were found to weigh approximately 6£ oz. net. Later the Customs officers discovered twelve broken sticks of crude opium of the same type, together with one small package of opium ash and a bottle containing approximately 15 oz. of opium in soak, concealed in canvas in the midship section of the vessel. Chan Sing Gum admitted ownership of the opium and stated that he used if for chewing purposes, as he never sm o k e d opium. One of the opium sticks remained unbroken. I t measures 7 inches in length and 7/16 of an inch in diameter. It and the other broken sticks were covered with paper wrapping bearing what appeared to be Iranian characters.

No. 156.—Seizure at New York, June 2nd, 1936.

1. 1281/388(262). No. 545. 2. Government of the United States of America, June 29th, 1936. 3(a). Raw opium : 6 kg. 818 grs. (15 lb.). — 23 —

5. Persons implicated : Louis Sherman and Joseph Potrucli. 7. The opium was in bricks wrapped in tinfoil, which in turn was enclosed in a red paper wrapper, tied with red string. 8. Upon noticing the defendants acting in a suspicious manner, local police-officers approached and questioned them as to the contents of a black leather bag in their possession. Sherman readily admitted that it contained raw opium, whereupon both individuals were arrested and taken to police headquarters for further questioning. No further information was found, however. 9. Sherman is being held in default of $5,000 bond, while Potrucli has been remanded to gaol in default of $10,000 bond.

No. 157.—Seizure at Staten Island, New York, April 1st, 1936.

1. 1281/388(244). No. 528. 2. Government of the United States of America, May 2nd, 1936. 3CaA Raw opium : 870 grammes (301 oz.). Apparatus for smoking opium. 4. By the s.s. Magdala (“ Petroleum Maats ’ La Corona ’ ”, Dutch), coming from Rotterdam via Minatitlan. 5. Persons implicated : How Sing, a Chinese fireman on board the vessel ; Chong Chong, a Chinese resident in Rotterdam. 7. The opium was in two packages, which appeared to be the usual 1-lb. bricks, bearing no marks or labels. 8. Customs officers at Staten Island, when searching the vessel on its arrival, found the opium concealed in a small compartment underneath the washstand in the room occupied by How Sing and the apparatus was found concealed in various parts of the ship. The accused admitted that he purchased the opium in Rotterdam from Chong Chong, who makes it his business to sell opium to Chinese crews of vessels touching at Rotterdam. He could not or would not supply any address or other information in regard to this person. 9. How Sing was held in default of bond awaiting action by the Grand Jury.

No. 158.—Illicit Traffic between Yugoslavia and France, discovered at Zagreb, November 19th, 1935.

1. O.C.S.274. 21875/387. 2. Government of Yugoslavia, April 30th, 1936. 3m. Raw opium : 250 kg. 5. Persons implicated : Franciszek Blaszak, alias Hitler, Rodaci and Hein, of Polish nation­ ality ; Elias Levi ; Jean Berkovitch, alias Wandermann, of Bucharest, travelling agent ; Jean Koss, of Paris ; Leopold Franz Katolnig,1 Austrian, travelling agent, now deported from Yugoslavia ; Thérèse Smola,1 Yugoslav, living at Belgrade ; Franz Werner, merchant, Austrian ; Sylvia Lobl, Roumanian ; Valentin Schneider ; Swiriansky ; Daniel (Danilo) Tomasovic, former conductor of the Wagon-Lits Co. ; Biti Bisorda, owner of a perfumery shop “ Femina ”, at Belgrade ; Nisim Bisorda, brother of the last-named. 8. On November 19th, 1935, railway police agents arrested Blaszak and Levi at Zagreb in the express from Zagreb to Susak. The two accused were in possession of two suitcases containing the opium. Levi had brought the opium from Belgrade and had been instructed to hand it over to Blaszak in the train. It was intended to transport the opium abroad with the aid of foreign sailors at Susak. On questioning Blaszak, the authorities found that an international organisation existed engaging in illicit traffic between Yugoslavia, France and other countries. Berkovitch had made many journeys between Paris and Yugoslavia since November 1934 for the purpose of transporting opium. He had met Blaszak at Cologne in September 1934 and arranged the method of transport with him. He frequents the “ Nègre ” Café on the Grands Boulevards, Paris. Blaszak had also made several journeys in Yugoslavia for the purpose of transporting opium abroad. On this occasion, he intended to send the opium through Italy, via Susak. He worked as an accomplice of Katolnig, and it was he who arranged with Bisorda to obtain the opium from authorised mer­ chants in Southern Serbia. Katolnig was another member of the gang who undertook the transportation of opium abroad. Tomasovic had also assisted several times in the transportation of opium in the interest of the gang. It appeared that Bisorda sent the opium in consignments of several dozen kilogrammes at a time from Belgrade to Blaszak or Katolnig at Zagreb, Ljubljana or Susak by railway or through Nisim Bisorda or Levi. There were two routes open to the smugglers : either Beograd- Jesenice-Austria and probably Paris or Beograd-Susak. The opium that passed

1 See document O.C.S.300, page 17, No. 36. — 24 —

through Susak was despatched to Italian ports for unknown destinations. Several sailors, whose names and nationalities are unknown, were engaged by the gang as intermediaries at Susak. Blaszak declared that he worked as an agent of Jean Berkovitch, having got into touch with him through Swiriansky at Paris. He had had several telephonic conversations with Swiriansky in Paris, the telephone number employed at Susak being 1560. It is not possible to ascertain exactly the quantity of opium smuggled out of Yugoslavia by this gang ; but, according to the facts revealed during the proceedings, the total quantity would seem to be about 300 or 400 kg. Out of this amount, the Yugoslav authorities have succeeded in seizing about 250 kg. On several occasions, the Yugoslav authorities at Jesenice have discovered opium hidden in furniture or between the walls of trucks. The quantity thus seized amounts to 181 kg. These consignments were unaccompanied. The French authorities report (see document O.C.S./Confidential/40) that, on April 21st, Jean Koss was arrested. He was in the habit of travelling frequently to Yugoslavia and Italy and in France. Koss is an international criminal and was found to be in possession of identity papers and passports in different names, more particularly those of Giovanni Kosar and Poliak Frantisek. He is a member of an organised gang of opium traffickers. When arrested, he had in his possession 42 kg. of raw opium, in three suitcases. The opium was packed in sulphurated paper and sew-n up in white canvas. Each packet contained 1 kg. of the drug. He was also in possession of a hand-drill, a bit, a cold chisel, a screw-driver and an electric pocket-torch. The official enquiry and the information received have made it possible to establish that this equipment was used for taking down the partitions between water-closets on railway trains, with a view to the concealment of narcotic drugs—which explains the soiled condition of the canvas wrappers. On arrival in the station, the drugs, which in the meantime had been again stowed in the suitcases, which were given into the charge of a porter, passed through the octroi with very slight risk of detection. On April 22nd, the verification of information after Koss’s arrest led to the arrest of Johann Wagner and Haim Cohen, staying at 10, rue de Passy, under the name of Enrique Cohen. In the company of these persons was found Max Rakover, jewel broker, living at 94, rue La Fontaine. Wagner had arrived the previous day from Vienna, and his luggage contained 25 kg. of raw opium and 500 grammes of morphine hydrochloride. Cohen had disobeyed an expul­ sion order. There can be no doubt that he imports and stocks opium, which he disposes of to private individuals and to traffickers, who convert the raw material into morphine hydrochloride. Rakover, whose complicity could not be established, is nevertheless in touch with persons using drugs and disposing of them to others. It may be pointed out that the trafficker Wagner had implements identical with those in the possession of Koss, together with a pot of quick-drying white enamel and paint brushes. The enamel was used to cover up places where the paint had chipped off in taking down the white partitions in the lavatories of the railway- carriages. 9. The case is pending. Note.—Seizures of raw opium were also made in connection with the following cases, which included seizures of other drugs and which have been summarised under corresponding headings : Cases Nos. 119 and 123, under Part IIA. Cases Nos. 169, 172, 173 and 174, under “ Prepared opium ”. Case No. 191, under “ Morphine ”. Cases Nos. 198 and 204, under “ Heroin ”. Case No. 211, under “ Cocaine Cases Nos. 228 and 230, under “ Indian Hemp Drugs ”,

Q u a n t it ie s o f R a w O p iu m s e iz e d a s h e p o r t e d to t h e S e c r e t a r ia t :

1935 1936 511 kg. 764 grs. 1,164 kg. 942 grs.

2. PREPARED OPIUM AND DROSS.

_ No. lt>9.—Seizures at Hong-Kong in January 1936. 1. 10051/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, April 8th, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 4 kg. 685 grs. (124 taels). The report includes only seizures of over 20 taels (756 grammes.) 7. 3 kg. 212 grs. bore the “ Chicken ”, “ Eagle ”, “ Double Cash ” and “ Lion and Globe ^ label and came from Kwong Chow Wan. 1 kg. 474 grs. bore the “ Lion & Globe label only. — 25 —

8. There were two cases. In one case, there was no arrest ; in the other, the accused was a Chinese, in whose house 3 kg. 212 grs. were found. This house appeared to be used as a retail depot. The rest of the opium was found on the s.s. Mui Nam by the chief officer shortly before the vessel was due to sail for Singapore. 9. The accused Chinese was sentenced to a fine of 4,500 Hong-Kong dollars (5,337 Swiss francs) or ten months’ imprisonment.

No. 160.—Seizures in Hong-Kong in February 1936. 1. 10051/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, May 1st, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 32 kg. 758 grs. (867 taels). The report only includes seizures of over 20 taels (756 grammes). 7. 20 kg. 970 grs. came from Kwong Chow Wan and bore the “ Lion & Globe ” and “ Cock and Elephant ” labels. 11 kg. 788 grs. bore the “ Lion & Globe ” mark only. 8. There were three cases and no arrests. In one case, the opium was found lying in an unoccupied boat in the harbour ; and in two, it was found in a cave above high-water mark below Victoria Road, a vicinity in which there are no houses.

No. 161.—Seizures in Hong-Kong in March 1936. 1. 10051/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, June 5th, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 96 kg. 309 grs. (2,549 taels). The report only includes seizures of over 20 taels (736 grammes). 5. Two Chinese were arrested. 7. With the exception of 18 kg. 400 grs. which bore the marks “ Lo Fuk Kee, Chicken and Wan Kee’s Doll Brand ”, the opium was all of the “ Lion & Globe ” label. 8. There were five cases. In one case, the opium was found on board the s.s. Silveryew whilst the steamer was lying in dock shortly before sailing to New York. In one case, it was found in a house in process of being packed into special pillows for export to Singapore. In one case, it was packed in two large tins carried by a Chinese who, when he saw the revenue man approach, plunged into the water and swam away. In one, it was found in a house in the city of Victoria, which was discovered to be a distributing centre ; many old outer tins and gunny-bag covers were found, also sinking-ropes and marking-sections of bamboo. In one case, the opium was found in a sampan which was empty at the time of making the seizure. It was apparently used as a distributing depot. The opium was in a damp condition, which indicated that it had been dumped in the sea. 9. The two Chinese arrested were both fined 5,000 Hong-Kong dollars (5,930 Swiss francs) or one year’s imprisonment.

No. 162.—Seizures in Hong-Kong during April 1936. 1. 10051/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, June 18th. 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 64 kg. 420 grs. (1,705 taels). The report only includes seizures of over 20 taels (756 grammes). 5. There was only one person arrested, a Chinese. 7. The opium all bore the “ Red Lion, Lion & Globe ” mark. 8. There were three cases. Inone, the opium was found in the coal-bunkers of the s.s. Bonrinnes, which was on the point of departure for Manila and the Straits. In the second, it was found on the s.s. Cremer on a gangway in a large kerosene tin packed to resemble passenger’s baggage, a quantity of which was in course of being placed on board the steamer. In the third, the opium was found in a special double-bottom of a sampan which appeared to be used as a depot. 9. The Chinese arrested was sentenced to a fine of 5,000 Hong-Kong dollars (5,930 Swiss francs) or nine months’ imprisonment.

No. 163.—Seizures in Malacca during January 1936. !• 15391/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, April 8th, 1936. 3ra>. Prepared opium : 2 grammes (0.05 tahil). Dross : 9 grammes (0.24 tahil).

No. 164.—Seizures at Malacca during February 1936. !• 15391/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, April 28th, 1936. 3faj. Prepared opium : 1 gramme (0.03 tahil). Dross : 8 grammes (0.22 tahil). — 26 —

No. 165.—Seizures at Malacca during March 1936. 1. 15391/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, June 8th, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 151 grammes (4 tahils). Dross : 23 grammes (0.60 tahil).

No. 166.—Seizures at Penang during January 1936. 1. 15391/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, April 9th, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 63 grammes (1.68 tahils). Dross : 114 grammes (3.02 tahils).

No. 167.—Seizures in Penang in February 1936. 1. 15391/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, April 28th, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 958 grammes (25.35 tahils). Dross : 199 grammes (5.27 tahils). 8. There were seven persons arrested in connection with this case, which was pending at the time of making the report.

No. 168.—Seizures in Penang during March 1936. 1. 15391/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, June 8th, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 144 grammes (3.82 tahils). Dross : 103 grammes (2.73 tahils).

No. 169.—Seizures in Singapore in March 1936. 1. 15391/388. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, June 8th, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 69 kg. 275 grs. (1,833.50 tahils). Raw opium : 18 kg. 363 grs. (486 tahils). Dross : 956 grammes (25.31 tahils). 7. 68 kg. 576 grs. of prepared opium came from Macao and bore the “ Red Lion ” mark. 10 kg. 579 grs. of raw opium was of Iranian origin, and 3 kg. 325 grs. of Chinese origin. The origin of the rest was unknown. 8. There were ten cases and five persons were arrested. In five cases, there were no arrests. In four cases, the opium was found on board vessels ; in three cases, it was found in a godown ; in one, in a taxi ; and in one, in the public road. 9. The five persons arrested were sentenced respectively to eighteen months’, twelve months’ two to eight months’ and one to one month’s rigorous imprisonment or a fine of 750 Straits dollars (1,494 Swiss francs) or a further five months’ rigorous imprisonment.

No. 170.—Seizure at Vancouver, March 2nd, 1936, of Prepared Opium sent in Newspapers from Hong-Kong. 1. O.C.S.273. 1873/388. 2. Canadian Advisory Officer, Geneva, April 9th, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 76 grammes (2 taels). 5. Persons implicated : Louie Mang and Fong Bow Ghee, two Chinese living at Vancouver ; Chung Wah Co., Hong-Kong ; Chong Kam Wing, Hong-Kong. 8. Two packages arrived in Vancouver in the mail from the Orient, each consisting of a Chinese magazine rolled up in white paper. One package bore the address, written in English, “ H. Y. Louie Co., 255, Georgia Street, Vancouver, B.C. From Canada Cafe, 38, Queen’s Road, Hong-Kong, China ” ; and, in Chinese writing, “ One copy of magazine to Mr. Louie Mang, Vancouver City, From Canada Cafe, Hong-Kong ■ The second package bore the address, written in English : “ Kwong Man Sang Co., 236, Pender St. E., Vancouver, B.C., From Chong Wa Co., 85 Queen’s Road, Hong-Kong, China ” ; and, in Chinese writing, “ One copy of monthly magazine to Mr. Fong Bow Chee, Vancouver City. From Chong Wah Co., Hong-Kong”. Each package contained one tael of prepared opium in an oblong oiled-silk pouch which had been inserted in a slot in the magazine made by cutting out a portion of most of the pages. Fong Bow Chee and Louie Mang, for whom the packages were intended, are known in Vancouver, and these cases are being investigated. Louie Mang only returned recently from China- The packets were not delivered to the consignees, as it would have been impossible to keep track of them after delivery. Investigations led the authorities to believe that a — 27 —

certain Chinese in Vancouver, named Kwong Nei Chung, was acting as an agent in Vancouver for Wing in Hong-Kong, and that he took orders from other Vancouver Chinese for opium, remitting money to Wing in Hong-Kong, who mailed the opium to the purchasers in Vancouver, care of the local Chinese firms through whom they received their mail. Kwong Nei Chung was questioned and documents at his house seized. From these documents it was learned that Chung had made several remittances between January 1935 and February 1936. Registered-letter receipts covering various dates during this period were found, and through the post office it was ascertained that the letters had all been addressed to the Chung Wah Co., 14, Hillier Street, Hong-Kong. It is considered highly probable that Chong Kam Wing in Hong-Kong received all the money consigned both to himself and to the Chung Wah Co. The Canadian authorities have sent the above information to the Hong-Kong authorities. Photographs of the two packages are in the archives of the Secretariat.

No. 171.—Seizures in the Commonwealth of the Philippines on August 25th, September 24th and October 25th, 1935. 1. 1281/388(237, 238 and 239). Nos. 521, 522 and 523. 2. Government of the United States of America, April 16th, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 414 grammes (net weight) and 128 grammes (gross weight). Opium powder : 2 grammes (32 grains). Dross : 200 grammes. Morphine : 10 grammes. 5. Persons implicated : Ke Ho, alias Panot, Chinese, and Anacleto Molina, Filipino ; Yap Cou Say, alias Yap Peng Cou, Chinese ; Gan Tiong, alias Lucio Tan, and Tiao Sing, both Chinese. 7. 280 grammes bore the “ Lion ” mark and 108 grammes the “ Agedness ” mark. The rest bore no mark. 8. There were three cases. In all cases, the opium was found on the premises occupied by the accused. 9. All the accused were arrested and held for prosecution.

No. 172.—Seizures in Macao in January 1936.

1. 529/388(2). 2. Portuguese Government, April 1st, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 1 kg. 194 grs. (31.6 taels). Raw opium : 72 grammes (1.90 taels). 5. Persons implicated : Ho Cam, Chie Sou, Lei Ieung, Chan Can, Au Mui, Wong On, Leong Chiu, Sie Meng, Chan Chan, Kung Cong, Vong Veng Foc, Ung I, Vai Sam, Chan I, Chan Chiu, Mui Veng, Fan Teng Loi, Fang Ieng Ing, Tam Foe, Chan Seng, Koo Fong, Lei Hong, Un Ung, Fong Chan, Lai Heng, Mac Cheong, leong Soi, all Chinese. 8. There were twenty-seven cases, twenty-six concerning prepared opium and one concerning raw opium. The raw opium was of Iranian origin and the prepared opium of Chinese. 9. Fines ranged from 5 to 100 Macao dollars (6.35 to 127 Swiss francs). The fines were paid in seventeen cases. In the remaining ten, the accused, not being able to pay the fine, were sent to the Tribunal.

No. 173.—Seizures in Macao in February 1936.

1. 529/388(2). 2. Portuguese Government, June 8th, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 2 kg. 758 grs. (73 taels). Raw opium : 38 grammes (1 tael). 5. Persons implicated : Chan San, Sam Veng, Cheang Kâ, Chan Si, Chan Tac, Lam Peng, Leong Veng, Lam Cau, Ho Pat, Lau Mam, Ung Im, Tam Tac, Ung Mui, Chau Fuk, Sit Hâ, Fu Iao, Lai Pan, Choi Lam, Vong Kei, Cheong Kum Vâ, Lei Tim, Lei Choi, Cheoc Sui, Vong I Ma, Chan Peng, Tai Hong, Ung I, Leng Si, Lam Ieng, Fong Pac Kwan, Chui Hei, Leong Ieng, Ché Tong, Leong Pou, Sou Seng, Fu lau. 7. 1 kg. 47 grs. of prepared opium was made from Iranian raw opium. The rest was made from Chinese raw opium. The 38 grammes of raw opium seized were of Chinese origin. 8. There were thirty-six cases. Two cases concerned the possession of opium in a larger quantity than that permitted by law and the rest concerned the possession of non­ monopoly opium. 9- Fines were inflicted ranging from 2.50 to 448 Macao dollars (3 to 569 Swiss francs). In thirteen cases, the accused were sent to the Tribunal for not having paid the fine imposed. In twenty-three cases, the fines were paid. — 28 —

No. 174.—Seizures in Siam during the Fourth Quarter, 1935. 1. 951/388(2). 2. Siamese Government, May 14th, 1936. 3(a). Port Seizures : Interior Seizures : Prepared opium : 4 grammes (12 hoons). 1,376 kg. 985 grs. (36,719 tamlungs 60 hoons). Raw opium : 188 grammes (5 tamlungs). 32 kg. 282 grs. (860 tamlungs 85 hoons). Dross : 61 grammes (1 tamlung 63 hoons). 31 kg. 663 grs. (844 tamlungs 34 hoons). 4. The seizures were made on steamers 12 kg. 769 grs. of prepared opium in the River Menam. The opium came from Hongleuk, British Shan was smuggled from Singapore and States, and 4 kg. 474 grs. of Swatow. prepared opium and 8 kg. 1 gr. of raw opium from Indo-China 8. There were five cases. There were 2,230 cases. 9. The maximum penalty was a fine of The maximum fine was 30,216 ticals 25.90 ticals (40 Swiss francs). (47,500 Swiss francs) and the maximum term of imprisonment was one year.

No. 175.—Seizure at Boston, Massachusetts, May 12-13th, 1936. 1. 1281/388(260). No. 543. 2. Government of the United States of America, June 29th, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 189 grammes (6f oz.). 5. Persons implicated : Sam Lee, alias Lee Fong, and William F. Leong. 7. The opium bore the “ Rooster and Elephant (Lam Kee Macao) ” mark. 8. On May 12th, 1936, narcotic agents at Boston were requested by the local Post Office Department to make an inspection of a suspicious package received at the post office addressed to the Sam Lee Laundry at Charlestown, Massachusetts, by William Leong, in New York. The package was examined and found to contain the prepared opium in question. Arrangements were then made to deliver the package to the consignee. Upon delivery of the package, Sam Lee was arrested. In addition to the opium, the package contained a letter written by Leong from New York on March 21st, 1936, addressing Sam Lee as “ Dear father-in-law ", and referring to the package under reference and to previous shipments of opium. Leong was arrested at New York and both accused were released on bond pending trial.

No. 176.—Seizure at Calexico, California, May 1st, 1936. 1. 1281/388(257). No. 540. 2. Government of the United States ofAmerica, June 2'2nd, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 5 grammes (70 grains). 5. Person implicated : Noel Thibadeaux. 8. Thibadeaux crossed the United States-Mexico border-line on foot from Mexicali,B.C., Mexico. The prepared opium was found concealed in the pocket of his shirt. He admitted that he had purchased the opium in Mexicali. A copy of this report is being transmitted to the Mexican Government. 9. Thibadeaux was sentenced to one year and one day in the penitentiary.

No. 177.—Seizure at New York, March 20th, 1936. 1. 1281/388(245). No. 529. 2. Government of the United States of America, May 2nd, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 379 grammes (13J oz.). 5. Person implicated : Harry Gee, Chinese extraction, claiming to have been born in America. 7. The opium, which was in two 5-tael tins, bore the “ Cock & Elephant (Lam Kee Macao) ” mark. 8. For over ten years Gee had been suspected of being an opium smuggler on a large scale, and, about two months before the present seizure, investigation of a report that opium was being sold in increasingly large amounts in New York’sC hinatow n led direct to Gee. He was followed continnously and finally approached on the street by agents. He immediately threw one tin of opium to the ground and attem p ted to attack one of the agents. He was overpowered and searched and another tin was found in his pocket. A search of his premises failed to discover the hiding-place of further opium. However, a bullet-proof vest was found in his room. 9. Gee was released on bond pending trial. — 29 —

No. 178. Smuggling of Opium from the Far East to the Pacific Coast of America by the Canadian Auxiliary Schooner “ Ouiatchouan 1. O.C.S.276(a). 23818/22153. 2. Government of the United States of America in its report on the illicit traffic in 1935, April 3rd, 1936. 3(b). Prepared opium : 170 kg. 24 grs. (4,500 taels). 8. The schooner Ouiatchouan, well known as a rum-runner off the Canadian, American, and Mexican coasts, unexpectedly appeared in waters near Macao in August 1935. When boarded by the Chinese Maritime Customs at that time, the captain claimed to be en route from Mexico to Borneo to engage in pearl-fishing and explained his presence in Chinese waters as due to engine trouble. Information was later received that this vessel picked up clandestinely at Kwang Chow Wan the above-mentioned prepared opium and took on board fifty-nine Chinese. The ship was next heard of when she appeared at Ensenada, Mexico, on October 19th, 1935. She is reported to have been successful in landing, in the United States, in Canada or in Mexico, the opium and the Chinese passengers. The Chinese, Canadians and Americans involved in this case have been reported to be the same persons who conducted the Alarabella expedition in 1931.1

No. 179.—Seizure at San Francisco, California, April 14th, 1936. 1. 1281/388(251). No. 534. 2. Government of the United States of America, May 19th, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 90 kg. 880 grs. (3,200 oz.). 4. By the President Pierce (Dollar Steamship Lines), coming from Hong-Kong, Shanghai, Kobe, Yokohama and Honolulu. 5. Person implicated : Yick Chu Tong, a Chinese. 7. The opium bore the “ Cock & Elephant (Lam KeeMacao) ” mark. 8. Thirty-two cases manifested as Chinese medicines and consigned to Yick Chu Tong at Sacramento, were shipped at Hong-Kong on the s.s. President Pierce. During an examination of these cases at the appraisers’ stores at San Francisco, six cases were found to contain prepared opium concealed beneath layers of the bottles containing Chinese medicines. Customs officers repacked the six cases and placed them with the others awaiting a demand from the consignee for their delivery. The consignee, Yick Chu Tong, failing to appear, the cases were placed on a truck and delivered to his address. However, he refused to take delivery, claiming that he had not ordered the Chinese medicines and knew nothing about the shipment. The Customs officers then reopened the six cases and formally seized the prepared opium. To date, no arrests have been made, but an extensive investigation is being conducted. Apparently no blame attaches to the owners of the President Pierce, as the goods were manifested.

No. 180.—Seizure at Wilmington, California, March 15th, 1936. 1. 1281/388(248). No. 532. 2. Government of the United States of America, May 11th, 1936. 3(a). Prepared opium : 4 kg. 345 grs. (153 oz.). 4. By the s.s. President Hoover (Dollar Steamship Line, American), coming from Hong-Kong via Honolulu, Shanghai, Manila and San Francisco. 5. Persons implicated : Edward Wygant, ship’s barber, and Thomas Bell, proprietor of a beer-shop in Los Angeles. 7. The opium, which was in twenty-three 5-tael tins, bore the “ Cock and Elephant (Lam Kee Macao) ” mark. 8. Narcotic agents at San Francisco received information that Wygant would, upon arrival of the vessel in port, attempt to smuggle ashore a quantity of smoking-opium and other contraband. Contact was made immediately with officials of the Dollar Steamship Line and arrangements were made for a narcotic agent to board the vessel at San Francisco for the purpose of ascertaining the identity of Wygant. The master of the vessel informed the agent that Wygant had stated that he intended to take ashore at Wilmington one box of Manila cigars and one wooden box. The agent then proceeded to Wilmington to await the arrival of the vessel. Upon arrival, Wygant was seen to carry a large oblong object wrapped in Chinese matting from the ship. This object proved to be a carved camphor-wood chest. When the chest was opened, it was found to have a false bottom in which were found the tins of prepared opium. Wygant stated that he met an unknown Chinese in a barber’s shop in Hong-Kong, who gave him $10 to deliver a chest to Los Angeles. He denied any knowledge o f the contents of the chest. Among Wygant’s personal effects was found the address of Thomas Bell, and a search of Bell s residence resulted in

1 See document O.C.294(o), page 14, No. 751. — 30 —

the discovery of silks, hand baggage, another chest and various other articles which Bell claimed belonged to Wygant. The searching officers also found a safe-deposit box under the name of Keith Richey. This box was opened and in it were found a sum of money, three unset stones and a large bottle containing cubes having the appearance of morphine, but which proved to be caffeine. Wygant acknowledged that the safe-deposit box was his and that the caffeine was used to “ make horses run Bell stated that all the contraband found in his possession had been smuggled into the United States by Wygant ; further, that he met Wygant at the dock every time that the latter came to Los Angeles, and that he brought the contraband from the dock to his residence. He denied, however, having any knowledge of the smuggling of narcotics. 9. Both defendants were held, in default of bond, awaiting trial.

No. 181.—Seizure at Honolulu, February 11th, 1935.

1. O.C.S.276(a). 23818/22153. 2. Government of the United States of America, in its annual report on the illicit traffic for 1935, April 3rd, 1936. 3(a). Prepared, opium : 29 kg. 721 grs. (1,046| oz.). 4. By the s.s. President Taft, from Manila, Hong-Kong, Shanghai, Kobe and Yokohama. 5. Person implicated : Chu Leong, a Chinese passenger on the vessel. 7. There were no marks or labels on the tins, but 125 were of approximately 5-tael capacity and 86 approximately of 2^-tael capacity. 8. The accused Chinese was detained by the immigration authorities for investigation of his eligibility to enter the United States. In three wooden chests, part of his baggage, concealed in false sides and false bottoms of the chests, were found 211 tins, containing the prepared opium. 9. The accused was sentenced to six years’ imprisonment. Note.—Seizures of prepared opium and dross were also made in connection with the following cases, which included seizures of other drugs and which have been summarised under corresponding headings : Cases Nos. 127,132,133,136,146,149 and 153, under “ Raw Opium

Q u a n t it ie s of P r e p a r e d O p iu m a n d D r o ss s e iz e d as r e p o r t e d to t h e S e c r e t a r ia t :

Prepared Opium : Dross : 1935 1936 1935 1936 1,379 kg. 232 grs. 492 kg. 519 grs. 32 kg. 123 grs. 2 kg. 867 grs.

3. MORPHINE.

No. 182.—Discovery in Vancouver of an International Gang of Traffickers importing and distributing in Canada and the United States of America Morphine coming from Japan, February 16th, 1936. 1. O.C.S.274. 1873/388. 2. Canadian Advisory Officer, Geneva, April 22nd, 1936. 3(a). Morphine : 540 grammes (19 oz.). 4. By the Japanese s.s. Hikawa Maru, s.s. Heian Maru, and s.s. Hiye Maru. 5. Persons implicated : Shinichiro Hikida, a ship’s chandler and grocer at Vancouver ; Tadayoshi Furumoto ; Kazuo Yoshida ; Joe Ferraro, an Italian ; Kate Slinn. 8. The statement referred to in the Paradis-Dillon case1 as having been made by Dillon contained the following references to the source of supply of the morphine concerned in this affair : (a) “ On September 9th, Paradis told me that he had connected with Jimmie X s woman, who had told him that she knew a party that had some morphine. . • • I went with Paradis in his car and saw him meet her. . . . When he came back, Paradis said everything was O.K. and he could 1 get all the stuff he w anted . (b) “ On September 11th, Paradis and I drove into Vancouver, where he told me to get out and wait for him. He picked me up in about three-quarters of an hour and went to the bank, where he went in. He met a man there and went awaj with him for about an hour. When he came back Paradis had a long can under his coat, which he said contained morphine.”

1 See document O.C.294fz;, page 24, No. 1902. — 31 —

(c) “ During the period I was with Paradis, he paid four visits to the same place in Vancouver, where he would leave me in the car and be away for about ten minutes.” Before this statement had been made by Dillon in September 1935, it was known that a Japanese in Vancouver was offering a pound of morphine for sale. Pn liminary steps were taken to make the purchase, a sample was obtained and found to be pure morphine. During the negotiations for purchase, which unfortunately fell through, it was stated that a supply was available on a ship then in port, and that several pounds of morphine would be available on the next trip of the same vessel. It is also known that Kazuo Yoshida was offering morphine for sale in November 1935.

Information collected from a number of angles led to the definite opinion being formed that the main source of supply of the morphine then available in Vancouver involved several Japanese and an Italian, working in conjunction with men employed on ships arriving from the Orient. An investigation was therefore initiated in regard to the movements of Paradis and Dillon, in an endeavour to locate premises which would give a combination of Japanese and Italians in relation to the narcotic traffic. Careful watch was also maintained on Japanese boats as they arrived, and Hikida was seen to be in suspicious connection with a steward on the Japanese steamer Hikawa Maru when that vessel was in port. It was ascertained that Hikida lived within the suspected area. About this same time, confirmation was obtained of morphine still being offered for sale, and being sold under conditions which indicated the strong probability of the source of supply being the same as that utilised by Paradis.

Early in December, the continued sale of morphine by a Japanese, whose identity was then unknown, was established, and it was ascertained that another supply of drugs was expected on December 9th on the Heian Maru. It later developed that no drugs arrived on that boat, and the belief existed that they would arrive on the Hikawa Maru on December 25th. Before the end of December, it was possible to establish Ferraro’s connection with this traffic, thus giving the combination of individuals of the two nationalities above referred to, who were believed to be the main gang. During January 1936, an agent was able to associate with Ferraro and others and learned that “ the Japanese would sell morphine at $37.50 per ounce, provided a large quantity was bought at one time ”, and that a telegram had arrived from San Francisco indicating that a supply of morphine would arrive in Vancouver on the Heian Maru, due on February 3rd. The boat was watched on arrival, but nothing unusual, observed and she sailed for Seattle a few hours later. Later in the day, information was obtained to the effect that the drugs were still on the ship. On the following day, the agent arranged with Ferraro and Furumoto to sell two ounces of morphine at a time, the price forthis comparatively small quantity being set at $55 per ounce. A small shop, affording a good view of Ferraro’s premises, was rented, and on February 10th Ferraro said that the boat had returned and that the drugs had been landed. He told the agent to come to his house with $55. This the agent did, and then received instructions from Furumoto to proceed to a certain place and wait for him. Furumoto was followed and seen to enter Hikida’s store. Shortly afterwards, Hikida drove up to the store in an automobile, picked up Furumoto and drove him to a spot adjacent to the agent’s meeting-place. Furumoto met the agent, handed him one ounce of morphine and re-entered the car. The ounce of morphine was found to be sewn up in a small rubberised-silk pouch, which was flat and square and held exactly one ounce. The opinion of experienced narcotic officers was that this pouch had every indication of having been filled with morphine in a factory, and was obviously constructed to facilitate smuggling in the lining of a person’s clothing. The agent reported that, during the conversation with Furumoto, the latter had stated that he had a safe way of dealing, as he always got the money first and then hid it, while the drugs were always hidden in a place other than that to which he proceeded, and the method of delivery was changed each time. It was by this time definitely established that Furumoto was the Japanese who had had one pound of morphine for sale in the preceding September, and that Yoshida and Hikida were also members of the same gang. On February 11th, the agent received the second ounce after paying another $55. On February 12th, he went to Ferraro’s house, Furumoto and Hikida arriving shortly afterwards, both being drunk. They said they had been drinking on the Heian Maru. Furumoto was quite talkative and said that he and Hikida had managed to get a pound of morphine off the boat that night, there being four pounds of the drug still on the boat, which the man who had it expected to dispose of inSeattle.

Furumoto described the international ring smuggling drugs from Japan into Canada and the United States. He said that the morphine came from Japan, where it was “ cheap as dirt ” and available in unlimited quantities. He said that the drugs were turned over in Japan to members of the ring who were employed as members of the crew on various Japanese boats. These men had instructions to throw the drugs overboard if there was the slightest chance of their being discovered, as, owing to their low cost in Japan, their loss was of little consequence. Furumoto further stated that these drugs were not only smuggled into Vancouver, but also into Seattle, — 32 —

Portland, San Francisco and other United States ports, and that deals of ten-, twenty, or fifty-pound lots could be arranged if desired. He also said that the man on the boat with whom they were at present dealing would not allow the drugs to be brought ashore unless first paid for, and if this did not happen before the boat sailed ao-aiii from Vancouver they were taken back to Japan. Furumoto told the agent th a t he had weighed out the last ounce sold him on a set of candy scales which were not verv accurate, and he figured that he had given about 60 grains too much. As a matter of fact, the second ounce proved to be 30 grains short, and the agent complained of this shortage, which represented a loss of $30 to him. Later, Ferraro promised to see Furumoto and get the 30 grains for the agent. On February 14th, Furumoto said that he had no objection to making good the 30 grains, but had no means of weighing out such a small amount, his only scales being the candy scales above referred to. The agent promised to obtain a set of balance-scales and made an appointment for the evening of February 15th. It was considered that Furumoto had made a false move, as, if scales were supplied him, he would be sure to take them to his hiding-place and weigh the morphine belonging to Hikida and himself. The set of scales was secretly marked and wrapped in a large cardboard box, together with a set of weights. A large box was used so that Furumoto would have to carry the scales in his hands rather than in his pocket, while the box was carefully tied in such a manner as to ensure that Furumoto would not be likely to open it until he had arrived at the place where he intended to use the contents. The agent kept the appointment at Ferraro’s house, which, together with the houses of Hikida and Furu- moto, was covered by a number of officers. Furumoto arrived, and left later carrying the box. Instead of proceeding to his home, he went to a rooming-house, the officers renting rooms in the vicinity and maintaining their watch.

On the morning of February 16th, arrangements were made to go through the rooming- house for the ostensible purpose of looking for a Japanese murderer, who was believed to be in the city. They located Furumoto in one of the rooms, for which he had registered under a false name. He still had the box, unopened, in his possession. Later, Furumoto was seen to leave the rooming-house, carrying the box. He proceeded to Hikida’s store, from which he emerged twenty minutes later without the box. An hour later he returned to Hikida’s store, it being noticed that his overcoat pocket was bulging and that he was very nervous. The premises were then raided by six officers and in the rear portion of the store were found the scales, unpacked and assembled, with an electric light tied in position directly over them. Adjacent to the scales was Furumoto’s coat, inside one pocket of which was a rubber sack containing eight ounces of morphine. Both Hikida and Furumoto denied all knowledge of the scales. Furumoto admitted ownership of the coat, as also of the sack taken from the pocket thereof, and also that the sack contained morphine. Both men were arrested, and two officers proceeded to Furumoto’s home, which was occupied by his mother. Shortly after their arrival, one officer noticed her walk into the kitchen, pick up something and proceed towards the bathroom. He found her to be carrying a rubber sack containing approximately nine ounces of morphine. During the search of Hikida’s store were found two fully loaded.38 calibre revolvers, two automatic gas-pistols and a supply of cartridges and gas-shells. During the search, Mrs. Hikida attempted to burn half a sheet of paper, which was rescued from the stove and found to bear pencilled figures obviously relating to recent sales of morphine, including one of the ounce purchases made by the agent.

Furumoto made a statement claiming sole ownership of the morphine both in the store and in his home. Hikida spoke in Japanese to his wife, telling her to go back to Japan and get into touch with a certain Morii, who always helped those in trouble. Furumoto admitted that the morphine was manufactured in Japan and carried to Canada by members of the crews on N.Y.K. boats calling at Vancouver and Seattle. He also said that a big shipment was landed in Seattle from the Heian Maru on her last trip (February 4th to 15th), and stated, “ We pay $400 per pound on the ship, but another man carries the stuff off ”.

The two packages containing morphine seized at Hikida’s store and Furumoto’s home, respectively, were flat, rubberised-silk bags, hermetically sealed with rubber cement, with no identifying marks. They were slightly oblong, with one corner removed, apparently with the object of facilitating smuggling, the corner being removed to permit the bag to fit closely under the armpit of the smuggler. Using these bags, a man could walk off a ship with four of them, containing approximately two pounds of morphine, concealed beneath his clothing, with practically no risk of detection. The bags, with the exception of one corner being removed, would appear to be duplicates of the seven 1-lb. bags seized, amongst others, at San Francisco on October 16th, 1934, in connection with the William Kadota case,1 which bags Kadota ad mitt e

1 See documents O.C.294M , page 29, No. 1408 ; O.C.294fuV, page 28, Nos. 1533 and 1534 ; and O.C.294ræ;, page29, No. I6"0' — 33 —

having obtained from Japanese steamships. A number of documents were seized in Hikida’s store, the most important of which was a letter in Japanese found in a coat hanging in Hikida’s bedroom. This letter is from a Mr. Kanjo Yuki, of Kobe, and refers unmistakably to shipments of drugs from Japan, mentioning the names of Kimura and Takemoto. The envelope bears the following address, “ Mr. Tadayoshi Furumoto, c/o Tamagawa Restaurant, 128, Gore Avenue, Vancouver ”. It bears a peculiar seal which is an impression made by a seal consisting of ancient Chinese characters. A check made of the crew list of the Heian Maru on the date of her last sailing from Vancouver indicates that there was only one person bearing the name of Kimura on the ship. He is Takeji Kimura, quartermaster, engaged at Yokohama in 1934. It will be noted that this man carries drugs from Yuki in Kobe to dealers in Vancouver and Seattle. Takemoto is one Kichitaro Takemoto, the proprietor of the Tamagawa Restaurant in Vancouver, in care of which Yuki’s letter to Furumoto was sent. Takemoto sailed for Japan in November last and had not yet returned. The ships mentioned in Yuki’s letter are the Heian Maru, the Hikawa Maru and the Hiye Maru (passenger and freight liners of the N.Y.K. Japan Mail Line), and the Biyo Maru, the Oyo Maru and the Norway Maru (freighters). In relation to the Oyo Maru, which apparently was used for the shipment of drugs to Vancouver prior to being shifted to the Australian route, an address was found in Hikida’s possession by which it was established that a certain Yoshio Kaiho was the carrier of narcotics utilised by Yuki on the Oyo Maru. Yuki’s letter referred to the “ $180 agreed price ”, and it is believed that this had reference to a deposit required to be made before the drugs were placed on the boat for shipment to Vancouver. It would seem that the ring headed by Yuki operated on a strictly cash basis, each person handling the drugs taking his profit before turning them over to the next man. A business card of Yuki’s was also found on Hikida’s premises, as also a duplicate of a bank draft sent by Hikida on July 20th, 1935, to K. Yuki, from the Royal Bank of Canada in Vancouver to the Yokohama Specie Bank Limited, Kobe, Japan. The Canadian authorities had for a considerable time prior to this case been aware that Yuki from Kobe was endeavouring to sell narcotics illicitly in Canada, as they were in possession of a letter written to residents in Canada completely unconnected with this case. This letter deals with methods of transport and price lists of drugs, and one paragraph is peculiarly enlightening : “ In using members of ships’ crews for this business, we will supply them with double-cased soles on their shoes. This method has been adopted in our business with China and India and proved so success­ ful that not a single case was discovered. By this method each person can carry one pound or less on each trip ashore. ” Although Hikida and Furumoto had been arrested on February 16th, it was considered advisable to contact Kimura, quartermaster on the Heian Maru, when that vessel again arrived in Canadian waters on March 22nd. Officers boarded the Heian Maru at quarantine and thoroughly searched the persons and quarters of all five quartermasters in the presence of the first officers of the vessel. Nothing was found. On April 2nd, 1936, however, after the arrival of the Heian Maru at Seattle, United States officers seized very large quantities of morphine. It is considered probable that Kimura was aware of the arrest of Hikida and Furumoto before he left Japan on March 12th. Whilst the search of Kimura’s person and quarters was proceeding, he remarked to the first officer of the vessel, “ This trouble must be in connection with Yuki ”. The United States narcotic authorities were made aware of all the circumstances imme­ diately the information became available, in view of the numerous references to the narcotic smuggling into American ports on the Pacific Coast. A copy of this report is being sent to the Japanese authorities.

No. 183.—Seizure at Lille, March 7th, 1936.

1. O.C.S./Confidential/40. 23834/793. 2. M. Mondanel, Comptroller-General of the National Criminal Investigation Department. Paris, at the twenty-first session of the Advisory Committee, May 1936. Morphine hydrochloride : 200 grammes. 5- Person implicated : A man named B. and Lucienne, his wife. 7- The label of the bottle bore the following inscription in German : “ Farbwerke vorm heister Lucius & Bruning Hoeschst & M. Novo M.F. (Chlorhydrate) 200 gr. Ges- chützte Marke D.R.P. 972. Die Einfuhr in Gross Britannien, dessen Kolonien und Besitzungen ist verboten. Chemisch rein, Entspricht allen Pharmacopoeischen Vorschiften.” ^ B. and his wife were arrested when alighting from the Armentières-Lille motor-bus, and B. was found to have the morphine in his possession. They claimed to have received it from a person of whose identity they were not aware who had come from Belgium to hand it over to another person of unknown identity in a bar in the rue de la Monnaie at Lille. B. was sentenced to three months’ imprisonment and his wife to one month s imprison­ ment, together with a joint fine of 4,500 francs. — 34 —

No. 184.—Arrest of Chemists at Siena, June 10th, 1935, for forging Medical Prescriptions. 1. O.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic for 1935, May 1936. 5. Persons implicated : Adolfo Pepi, Guido Monteverdi, Arturo Cabibbe, Gino Marotta and Fedora Forni, chemists ; Vincenzo Ugolini, cocaine addict. 8. Ugolini was arrested at Siena, and is now awaiting trial, for having forged forty-nine medical prescriptions, purloined from the consulting-rooms of two doctors, in order to obtain the issue of drugs (pantopon and morphine) for his personal use. The above- mentioned chemists were involved in this affair, as they made up the prescriptions in spite of the fact that they were incomplete.

No. 185.—Arrest in Italy of a Medical Practitioner for having issued Prescriptions for 138 Phials of Morphine and Heroin on One Single Occasion to an Addict, July 1935. 1. O.G.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic for 1935, May 1936. 5. Persons implicated : Evaristo Fantappiè, a medical practitioner ; Nella Bucci, a drug addict and prostitute ; Michele Losco, chemist. 8. Fantappiè was denounced to the authorities for having issued to Nella Bucci, on one single occasion, prescriptions for 138 phials of morphine and heroin. Losco, who made up the prescriptions, was also arrested. 9. Losco was sentenced to a fine of 2,000 lire, while Fantappiè was sentenced to one year and eleven months’ penal internment and also to fines of 2,700 lire and 1,000 lire.

No. 186.-—Seizures in Siam on June 15th, September 26th, and during the Last Quarter of 1935. 1. 13229/388(2). 2. Siamese Government, May 27th, 1936. 3(a). Morphine hydrochloride : 1 kg. 517 grs. Opium preparation : 64 grammes. Anti-opium mixture containing morphine, percentage not known : 36 bottles. Chlorodyne (containing 0.085% morphine) : 111 bottles. 4. The anti-opium mixture was seized on the s.s. Hellas (China-Siam Steam Navigation Co., Ltd., Chinese), coming from Swatow. The chlorodyne was seized on the s.s. Kudat (Borneo Co., Ltd., British), coming from England. 5 grammes of morphine were seized on the s.s. Barenz (Diethelm Co., Ltd., Dutch), coming from Hong-Kong. 797 grammes of morphine were seized on a train coming from Lampang. 5. Persons implicated : The accused in the seizure of the anti-opium mixture was Ow Weng Cheng, a Chinese merchant in Bangkok. The accused in the seizure of the chlorodyne was Nguan-lai, a Siamese merchant in Bangkok. The chlorodyne was addressed to the Yoki Dispensary, Bangkok. The rest of the accused (ninety-three in number) were Chinese or Siamese coolies in Bangkok. The owners of the morphine seized on the s.s. Barenz and on the train from Lampang could not be ascertained. 7. The anti-opium mixture bore the “ Hong Chua Kee (Flying Cow) ” mark in Chinese characters. The chlorodyne was manufactured by Messrs. Evans Sons Lescher & Webb, England. 8. There were eighty-four cases concerning the seizure of morphine, one case concerning the seizure of opium, one concerning the seizure of the anti-opium mixture and one concerning the seizure of chlorodyne. 630 grammes of morphine were kept for purification and the rest was destroyed. 9. Ow Weng Cheng and Nguan-lai were not prosecuted, as it was the first offence in both cases. In the remaining cases, fines ranging from 0.30 tical to 251.20 ticals (0.47 to 395 Swiss francs) were inflicted.

No. 187.—Seizures in Siam during January 1936. 1. 13229/388(2). 2. Communicated by the Siamese Government, May 27th, 1936. 3fa;. Morphine hydrochloride : 225 grammes. 4. 6 grammes were seized on the Lalandia (East Asiatic Co., Ltd., Danish), coming from Singapore ; 33 grammes on the O.K.9 (East Asiatic Co., Ltd., Danish), coming from Koh Shishang ; 4 grammes on the Roggeveen (Diethelm Co., Dutch), coming fro® Saigon ; 15 grammes on the Woolgar (East Asiatic Co., Ltd., Norwegian), coming from Norway ; 3 grammes on the Terpitz (East Asiatic Co., Ltd., German), coming from Japan. 5. The accused persons (twenty-six in number) were all Chinese or Siamese coolies w o rk in g in Bangkok. — 35 —

8. There were thirty-one cases. 120 grammes of morphine were kept for purification and the rest was destroyed. 9. Fines ranging from 0.63 tical to 38.95 ticals (1 to 61 Swiss francs) were inflicted.

No. 188..—Illicit Traffic at Istanbul, April 1936.

1. 24376/387. 2. The Turkish Minister of Health and Social Welfare, June 5th, 1936. 3(a). Morphine base : 34 kg. 500 grs. 5. Persons implicated : Husnu, of Albanian origin, domiciled at Phanar No. 8, Istanbul ; Jacques Halio Mercado, insurance agent at Galata. 8. The authorities arrested Husnu on April 20th, 1936, and found the morphine in his pos­ session. He stated that the morphine was not his property, but belonged to Mercado, for whom he worked. He had taken delivery of the two suitcases which contained the morphine at Bursa from a man whom he did not know, had brought them to Istanbul and was just going to deliver them to another person who was supposed to meet him in the rue Cheref, when he was arrested. Enquiries proved that both Husnu and Mercado belonged to a band of traffickers, several of whom had been previously sentenced for traffic in and illicit manufacture of drugs. Among these were Mehmed Zia, Haydar Rifat and Emile Copanos,1 Greek, all three only just liberated from serving one year’s imprisonment for illicit manufacture, and Kemal Hassan and Hadji Antoniadis,2 also imprisoned for illicit manufacture and condemned to eighteen months’ imprisonment, but who had been lately released on grounds of health. It was strongly suspected that the morphine seized had been illicitly manufactured by this band during the time they were actually manufacturing. 9. The affair is pending.

No. 189.—Seizure at New York, April 20th, 1936.

1. 1281/388(253). No. 536. 2. Government of the United States of America, May 25th, 1936. 3(a). Morphine sulphate : 28 grammes. 5. Persons implicated : Jose Quidiello, Spanish ; Ebilio Molares (alias Abelo Morles), Cuban. 7. The morphine bore the label of E. Merck, Darmstadt. Copies of the labels are in the archives of the Secretariat. 8. Quidiello and Molares were arrested after they had sold one bottle of morphine sulphate to narcotic agents. They stated that they were formely in the employ of the United Fruit Co. and that the bottle of morphine had been procured from a sailor whose name and address were unknown to them. They also stated that they did not know the name of the ship on which the sailor worked. They were held in default of bond pending trial.

No. 190.— Seizure at Seattle, Washington, on April 2nd, 1936.

1. O.C.S.279. 1281/388(241). No. 525. 2. Government of the United States of America, April 29th, 1936. 3fa). Morphine hydrochloride : 9 kg. 999 grs. (22 lb.). 4. By the s.s. Heian Maru (Nippon Yusen Kaisha, Japanese), coming from Japan. 5. Persons implicated : Genic hi Yagi and Kumao Tanibuchi, Japanese members of the crew of the vessel. 7. The morphine was contained in rubberised-silk bags bearing no labels or distinguishing marks. 8. When the Heian Maru was in port in April 1936,3 Yagi approached a Customs officer at Seattle and offered him a bribe of $400 to permit the landing in that port of 4 lb. (1 kg. 818 grs.) of morphine. The Customs officer pretended to accept the bribe, and when Yagi and Tanibuchi left the vessel they were searched. Each had 2 lb. (909 grammes) concealed on his person, and, on being arrested, they disclosed the hiding-place of the rest of the morphine on board. They admitted that the morphine had been placed on board the vessel at Yokohama ; that only 4 lb. were to be taken ashore at Seattle, the rest being intended for landing at Vancouver. Although there were no marks or labels to indicate origin, the fact that the the morphine was taken on board at Yokohama, the texture of the morphine and the type of rubberised container would indicate Japanese manufacture. The defendants were held for prosecution.

See document O.C.294 (w ), page 12, No. 1470. n .... , m lt-Qc See documents O.C.294frJ, page 5, No. 983, and O.C.294page 4, and page 3 of this document, No. 1585. ee case No. 182 of this document, page 30. — 36 —

No. 191.—Seizures at Westmoreland and El Centro, California, in October and November 1935, of Drugs sent by Post from Arizona. 1. 1281/388(236). No. 520. 2. Government of the United States of America, April 16th, 1936. 3(a). Morphine : 57 grammes (871 grains). Cocaine : 38 grammes (587.5 grains). Opium : 0.195 gramme (3 grains). 5. Persons implicated : Lewis K. Jackson, alias Joseph A. Miller, alias Frank Williams alias “ Yaqui Jack ” ; Early H. Gross, William Mullen and Charlotte Davis. 7. The cocaine and morphine bore no marks, but the opium was in a tin box bound with adhesive tape marked “ Made in Germany by P. Beiersdorf & Co., A-G, Hambur» ". This box was not an opium container ; the top of the box bears the following inscrip­ tion : “ Leukoplast —516--Zinc Oxide—adhesive plaster”. Obviously the original contents of the box had been removed and the opium substituted. 8. Information was received that Jackson, while in Phoenix, had purchased morphine and cocaine and mailed it from there to the address of Joseph A. Miller, 165, Main Street, El Centro. Enquiry at the post office at El Centro disclosed that the package had already been delivered to this address, which was a rooming-house. Jackson was arrested in October as he was driving an automobile near Westmoreland, and 33 grammes of cocaine, 48 grammes of morphine and 0.195 gramme of opium were found in his possession. He was released on bond furnished by Gross pending trial. In November, Customs agents at El Centro were notified that a suspicious package addressed to Frank Williams, 165, Main Street, El Centro, and bearing the return address of Roy Jones, Phœnix, had been received at the post office at El Centro. Examination of this package revealed that it contained 5 grammes of cocaine and 2 grammes of morphine. The package was then delivered to the addressee. Customs officers then proceeded to 165, Main Street, and there questioned Charlotte Davis, proprietress of the rooming-house. She admitted having received the package, but stated that she had delivered it to Mullen, who declared that he had been asked by Gross to obtain the package for his friend Jackson. A copy of this report has been sent to the German Government. 9. Jackson was sentenced to two years’ imprisonment. The case against Gross was dismissed. Davis and Mullen were released. Nole.—Seizures of morphine were also made in connection with the following cases, which included seizures of other drugs and which have been summarised under corresponding headings : Cases Nos. 120 and 126, under “ Part lia ”. Cases Nos. 127 and 148, under “ Raw Opium Cases Nos. 200 and 204, under “ Heroin Case No. 209, under “ Cocaine ”.

Q u a n t it ie s of M o r p h in e s e iz e d as r e p o r t e d to t h e S e c r e t a r ia t : 1935 1936 2 kg. 745 grs. 50 kg. 892 grs.

4. HEROIN.

No. 192.—Seizure by the Peiping-Hankow Railway Police on February 16th, 1836. 1. O.C.S.282. 23996/387. 2. Chinese representative on the Advisory Committee, May 16th, 1936. 3(a). Heroin : 1 kg. 398 grs. (37 taels). 5. Person implicated : King Yuan-Hao, a Korean living at Peiping. 8. The railway police of the Han Tan Station of the Peiping-Hankow Railway reported the arrest of King Yuan-Hao, who was found to have the heroin in his possession. He admitted that the heroin belonged to him, and was turned over to the Japanese Consulate at Chengchow with 698 grammes of heroin as evidence. He was later transferred to the Japanese Consulate in Peiping for trial.

No. 193.— Seizure at House 9, Yunnan Road, International Settlement, S h a n g h a i, January 28th, 1936. 1. 0,C.S.205(g). 13103/388. 2. Shanghai Municipal Council, April 16th, 1936. 3(a). Heroin : 227 grammes (8 oz.). 5. Persons implicated : Two Koreans named Kan Shu Kan and Kan Yaku Sho. — 37 —

7. There were no identifying marks or labels. 8. The accused were arrested followingthe sale of theheroin todetectives’ informers. 9. They were fined 30 Chinese dollars (31 Swiss francs) and 20 Chinese dollars (21 Swiss francs) respectively.

No. 194.—Illicit Traffic in a Chinese Lodging-house, 131, Hoopeh Road, International Settlement, Shanghai, February 16th, 1936. 1. O.C.S.205(<7). 13103/388. 2. Shanghai Municipal Council, April 16th, 1936. 3(a). Heroin : 650 grammes (25 oz.). 5. Persons implicated : Four Chinese. 7. The heroin was wrapped in a Chinesenewspaper and several sheetsof tissue paper. The tissue paper bore several oval stamps with the mark A.K. in a circle. 8. The accused were arrested following negotiations carried on with them through detectives’ informers for the purchase of the heroin seized. 9. Two of the accused were sentenced to six years’ imprisonment each and deprived of civil rights for six years ; the two others were acquitted.

No. 195.—Seizures at Tientsin Post Office on December 19th, 1935. 1. 0.C.S.280. 2030/387(24). 2. Chinese Maritime Customs, through the intermediary of Mr. L. A. Lyall, Assessor to the Advisory Committee, May 1936. 3(a). Heroin hydrochloride : 352 grammes. 5. Persons implicated : The consigners from Tientsin were two Chinese, Wang Chin Chung and Chang, both of Tientsin. The addressees were Yung Yuan T’ang, of Nankung, Hopeh, and the Chinese firm of Hsin Hua Shang Tien, of Chi Hsien, Hopeh. 7. The heroin was of foreign origin. No labels were procurable. 8. It was concealed in postal parcels addressed to the interior. There were two cases.

No. 196.—Seizures at Tientsin Post Office during the First Quarter of 1936. 1. 0.C.S.280. 2030/387(24). 2. Chinese Maritime Customs, through Mr. L. A. Lyall, Assessor to the Advisory Committee, May 1936. 3(a). Heroin hydrochloride : 952 grammes. “ Antiopin ’’ tablets containing morphine : 100 grammes. 4. The heroin was of foreign origin. No labels were procurable. The tablets were prepared by K. Yamada Chemical Laboratory, Kobe. 5. Persons implicated : The consigners from Tientsin were five Chinese, Wang Ching Hua, Wang Tze Heng, Hua Wen, Li Yu Shun and Chang Pao Shan, all of Tientsin, and the Chinese firm of Ching Ho, Timber Yard, Tientsin. The addressees were the Chinese firm of Teh Mao T’ang, of Chi Hsien, Hopeh ; Wang Hsing Chi, of Li Hsien, Hopeh, andTungTze Heng, of Nankung, Hopeh, both Chinese; the Chinese bicycle shop of Hua Min, Nankung ; Yao Ching Chun, a Chinese, of Wei Hsien, Shantung ; and the Chinese firm of Ching Chu, Timber Yard, Chi Hsien, Hopeh. The “ Antiopin ” tablets were consigned by the Japanese firm of Miyakedo, Ltd., Osaka, Japan, to Fu Chang Yang Hong (nationality unknown), of Fengyunhsien, Hopeh. 8. There were six cases concerning heroin and one case concerning the “ Antiopin ” tablets. The heroin was concealed in postal parcels addressed from Tientsin to the interior. In one case, the contents of the parcel was printed matter. The “ Antiopin ” tablets were in a postal parcel sent from abroad.

No. 197.—Seizure at Cairo on June 7th, 1936.

1. 24408/387. 2. Central Narcotics Intelligence Bureau, Cairo, June 11th, 1936. 3fa>. Heroin : 1 kg. 750 grs. 4. By the s.s. Cairo City. 5. Person implicated : Efstratiou Pediotakis, Greek, ex-constable of the Alexandria City Police. 8. The Bureau was informed by the Cairo Customs that a quantity of heroin had been seized on the accused, a passenger on the Cairo City. An officer of the Bureau went to the Customs and found that the heroin had been discovered in a suitcase containing clothing and in a wooden box containing articles of food, both of which had double bottoms which contained the heroin. The accused at first stated that the drugs — 38 —

were bought by him in Piraeus from a Bulgarian named Antoun, whom he met in a café and got to know through certain drug traffickers who had once been resident in Egypt. He further stated that, on his arrival in Alexandria, he was going to seek a certain Dimitri of Attarina and ask him to find buyers, he having known Dimitri as a trafficker whilst he, Pediotakis, was serving in the police force, Attarine Police District, Alexandria. Later, the accused informed an officer of the Bureau that the real facts of the case were that he was bringing the stuff for another person, a certain Methodios, a resident of Alexandria, who had met him in Piræus and who had agreed to pay Pediotakis the sum of £E180 (3,196 Swiss francs) if he would bring it through the Customs for him. Methodios, it appears, remained in Piræus and was to follow by a later boat. An examination of Pediotakis’ passport showed that he had done nothing but travel between Alexandria and Piræus since January 1934. His house was carefully searched, but no further drugs were found.

No. 198.—Illicit Traffic by Mahmoud Hussein El Bakari in Gharbia Province, Egypt, March 14th, 1936. 1. 24041/387. 2. Central Narcotics Intelligence Bureau, Cairo, May 14th, 1936. 3(a). Heroin : 6.70 grammes. Raw opium : 0.65 gramme. 5. Person implicated : Mahmoud Hussein El Bakari. 8. Bakari has been convicted several times for narcotic trafficking and, on his release from prison about four months prior to this affair, he resumed his illicit activities. The authorities arranged for a raid on his house and, on arriving there, they were met by El Bakari, who brandished in their faces a double-edged knife. He was warned that if he attempted to run away he would be fired at, but he retaliated by attacking one of the police, who fired in the air in order to stop him. As, however, Bakari again attacked the policeman, he was fired at and fell. He was then searched and some of the drugs were found on him and in the room, together with a syringe and many needles used for injection purposes. El Bakari died as a consequence of the wound received while attacking the policeman and the case was therefore filed.

No. 199.—Seizure at Daytona Beach, Florida, January 7th and 29th, 1936, of Drugs sent through the Post from New York and Detroit. 1. 1281/388(240). No. 524. 2. Government of the United States of America, April 16th, 1936. 3(a). Heroin : 57 grammes (885 grains). 5. Persons implicated : Morris Miner, Mrs. Morris Miner and Bernard Fay Mason. 7. There were no identifying marks or labels. 8. Information was received in 1935 that Miner and his wife were receiving narcotic drugs through the mails from New York. In January 1936, narcotic agents at Jacksonville, Florida, were notified that a cigar box containing a suspicious package had been received at Daytona Beach, addressed to Morris Miner. On January 7th, the package was opened and found to contain 29 grammes of heroin in an envelope. A newspaper, an empty tin box and part of an electric light fixture had been placed in the cigar box to add weight. The package was re wrapped and delivered to the premises occupied by the Miners. Mrs. Miner signed for the package and was then arrested by a police officer, who accompanied the letter-carrier. Miner was then arrested. Information was then received to the effect that Mason, of Jacksonville, was obtaining heroin through the post from Detroit, addressed to him at Daytona Beach by a drug peddler posing as the “ Detroit Paint and Varnish Co., 8429, John R. Street, Detroit, Michigan On January 28th, Mason called at the post office at Daytona Beach to receive a special delivery letter addressed to him, but, becoming suspicious, he refused to receive the letter. However, he was arrested and the letter delivered to him in gaol, where it was opened by the officer in charge and found to contain 29 grammes of heroin in an envelope which was enclosed in a sheet of folded sandpaper bearing the inscription “ Midwest Wolverine Coated Abrasives, Detroit, Michigan . It was subsequently ascertained that the “ Detroit Paint and Varnish Co. ” is non­ existent and the address in John R. Street fictitious. 9. Miner and Mason were held in default of bond awaiting trial. Mrs. Miner is in a sani- torium undergoing treatment for drug addiction, but she has been ordered to appear in court and will be jointly indicted with her husband and Mason.

No. 200.1—Illicit Traffic at Galveston and Houston, Texas, September 1935 to January 1936. 1. O.C.S.272. 1281/388(235). Nos. 519 and 519a. 2. Government of the United States of America, March 31st, May 19th, and June 9th, 1936. 3(a). Heroin : 1 kg. 475 grs. (51 oz. 423 grains). Morphine hydrochloride : 400 grammes (14 oz. 38 grains). — 39 —

4. By the s.s. Mar Negro, coming from Barcelona (Nervion Line, Spanish). 5. Persons implicated : Oreste Celli, alias Roscoe Celli ; Joe Lucca, alias Joe Luke, both American ; Andrew Lago, Spanish ; Michael Arcangelo and Frank Pinacchio, Americans. 7. 360 grammes of heroin bore the “ White Horse ” label and 28 grammes bore the “ Hadji Ali Baba ” label. The morphine bore the labels of the firm of E. Merck, Darmstadt. Photographs of this label are in the archives of the Secretariat. 8. The leaders of this ring were Celli and Lucca. Lago, who was a lieutenant of Celli’s, sold 542 grammes of heroin to a Government agent in September 1935, in two lots. The agent then got introduced to Celli, who sold 416 grammes of heroin to him. Celli told the agent that he had just succeeded in smuggling sixty 25-gramme packages of German morphine into Galveston from the Mar Negro, and the agent arranged to have one of these packets. This package bore the label of E. Merck and a Barcelona revenue stamp. Later, on November 17th, the agent bought 230 grammes of Merck morphine from Celli and Pinacchio and, on November 24th, 121 grammes were obtained from the same persons. Early in January 1936, the agent succeeded in getting an introduction to Lucca and bought 513 grammes of heroin from him. Arrangements had been made with Jose Murua, the chief steward on board the Mar Negro, to bring in a further 2 kg. of Merck morphine on the next trip of the vessel ; but, while awaiting the arrival of the Mar Negro, a certain Lonnie Affronti, a fugitive from New Orleans on a narcotic charge, arrived at Houston and took refuge with Lucca. While there he recognised the agent as one of those who had been working on the New Orleans case. It was, therefore, necessary to arrest the gang immediately. Affronti escaped. The Mar Negro arrived at New Orleans and was thoroughly searched, but no narcotics were found. Murua was questioned at length, but refused to divulge any valuable information. On June 9th, 1936, the United States Government forwarded the results of the investi­ gation conducted in Germany in connection with this case. The German report stated that, according to investigations made by the firm of Merck of Darmstadt, all packages mentioned in the report originated in deliveries which the firm of Merck made, in conformity with orders received by it, to the firm Productos Quimico- Farmaceuticos, S.A., Barcelona. The narcotics were exported in the regular way by virtue of Spanish import permits. The Spanish consignee of the narcotics informed the firm Merck, in answer to a further enquiry by it, that it had already reported to the Spanish Health authorities all customers to whom the morphine was delivered in packages of 25 grammes ; that, unfortunately, they could not ascertain to which of these customers the packages which were seized in this case were delivered. The case is therefore one of goods that were exported in the regular way, and only subsequently came into the contraband trade abroad. Further investigations in the matter on the part of the German authorities are impossible. The United States reports that the Spanish Government is being requested to investigate the diversion of this morphine into the illicit traffic subsequent to its importation into Spain. 9. Joe Luke was sentenced to four years’ imprisonment and a fine of $2,000 ; Oreste Celli to thirty months’ imprisonment and a fine of $2,000. The cases against the other defendants are pending.

No. 201.—Seizure at New York, March 6th, 1936 : Shviriansky-Eidelman Case.

1- 0.C.S.278. 1281/388(243). No. 527. O.C.S./Confidential/40. Government of the United States of America, May 2nd, 1936. M. Mondanel, Comptroller- General of the National Criminal Investigation Department, Paris, at the twenty- first session of the Advisory Committee, May 1936. Heroin : 6 kg. 276 grs. (221 oz.). 4' By the s.s. Deutschland ( Hamburg-Amerika Line, German), coming from Hamburg via Bremerhaven, Southampton and Cherbourg. Persons implicated : Philip Eidelman or Edelman, American, owner of a small trunk shop in New York ; Michel and Alexander Shviriansky,1 Lithuanian Jews, living at Bagneux, Seine, France; David Shviriansky, living in Paris; Arnold Shviriansky, son of Michel, New York ; “ Little Natie ”, tentatively identified as Nathan Rothman, alias Nathan Cohen, a well-known gangster in New York. [■ There were no identifying marks or labels. ^ Customs agents at New York, in examining the baggage of Eidelman, who arrived on the Deutschland, discovered a cleverly constructed false bottom in his trunk in which the heroin was concealed. Eidelman stated that, in 1934, he was commissioned by “ Little Natie ” to manufacture a trunk with a false bottom. When the trunk was completed, “ Little Natie ” offered him $300 to take it with him to Paris, there make contact with a certain resident of that city and then return with the trunk to New York. Accepting this offer, Eidelman proceeded to Paris and met the two

®ee ca=e No. 158 ot this document, pages 23-24. 40 —

Shvirianskys at their residence at Bagneux. The heroin was obtained from the Shvirianskys and placed in the false bottom of the trunk in their presence and paper matching the inside walls of the trunk was pasted over the compartment. Eidel­ man then returned to the United States and handed over the trunk to “ Little Natie” Eidelman was again approached by this person with a request to make two more trunks with false bottoms. These Eidelman took with him to Paris, sailing from New York on September 7th. He again met the Shvirianskys and obtained heroin from them. He declared that he had only brought one trunk back to New York and did not know what had become of the other. Arnold Shviriansky was known to be in New York at the time of the seizure and was questioned concerning the affair. He denied knowing Eidelman or having any knowledge of the matter. He admitted having made the acquaintance of “ Little Natie M. Mondanel stated that enquiries carried out in 1935 failed to shed any light on the illegal activities of the Shviriansky brothers, but the attention of the Judicial Police was drawn to these persons in the course of the investigations into the Salgues case1, and, on February 17th, 1936, a search at the home of Michel Shviriansky at Bagneux led to the discovery of a large quantity of laboratory equipment, consisting of test- tubes, filters, glass funnels and several bottles containing ethylphtalate, hydrochloric acid, fuming nitric acid, acetic anhydride and potassium carbonate at 98/100. Furthermore, the investigators seized secret codes of the type used in business. Nevertheless, no drugs or opium base were discovered. A search carried out the same day at the home of David Shviriansky led to the discovery of a number of test- tubes and pipettes and a quantity of paper, red on one side and white on the other, as generally used for packing opium. No opium, morphine or heroin was seized. 9. In the United States, Eidelman is being held in default of bond awaiting trial and Arnold Shviriansky is being held as a material witness. In France, the case is at present under investigation.

No. 202.—Seizure at New York on April 17th, 1936.

1. O.C.S.286. 1281/388(247). Nos. 531, 531(aj and (b). 2. Government of the United States of America, May 11th, June 9th and 22nd, 1936.

3 fa). Heroin : 1 kg. 981 grs. (69f oz.). 4. On the s.s. Munargo (Munson Steamship Lines, American), coming from Nassau, Bahamas, via Havana, Cuba. 5. The heroin was wrapped in two cloth and two cellophane packages, which bore no marks or labels. 8. The heroin was found concealed in the fore part of the ship. There was no arrest. A sample submitted for analysis was declared to be impure heroin, the total alkaloids calculated as diacetylmorphine hydrochloride being 85%. The cloth and cellophane were examined in New York in order to determine, if possible, their origin. The analytical report stated that the piece of cloth showed it to be a sheeting, woven most likely on a power loom. The cotton used in the cloth was probably of Indian origin. Remnants of sewing-thread in the cloth are made of ramie yarn, and it is understood that ramie-yarn thread for sewing is used only in India and China. The amount of adhesive used to seal over one edge of the cellophane was too small to identify it, but it appeared to be a nitrogenous adhesive like gelatine. The cellophane sample was composed of regenerated cellulose impregnated with 10.2% of glycerine as a softener, and not moisture- or water-proofed. Because of the low percentage of glycerine contained in the sample, its sub-standard thickness, and the machine-mark imperfections on the sheet, the opinion was that it was probably of Japanese origin. In the opinion of the analyst, all these facts pointed definitely to Oriental origin of the cloth and cellophane, probably Indian or Chinese.

No. 203.—Principal Minor Heroin Seizures in the United States of America in the Last Three Months of 1935 and the First Three Months of 1936, no previously reported.

1. 1281/388(46). 2. Government of the United States of America, May 2nd and June 2nd and 22nd, 1936.

3(a). Heroin : In 1935 : 59 grammes (2 oz. 38 grains). In 1936 : 150 grammes (5 oz. 118 grains).

8. There were four cases in 1935 and ten cases in 1936. Twelve cases are still pending, one was closed and in one the accused was not yet apprehended.

1 See Case No. 124, page 12 of this document. — 41 —

No. 204.—Principal Minor Heroin Seizures in the United States of America in February 1936. 1, 1281/388(46). o Government of the United States of America, May 2nd, 1936. 3(a). Heroin : 643 grammes (22 oz. 277 grains). Raw opium : 78 grammes (1,200 grains). Morphine : 0.130 gramme (2 grains). 7. 68grammes bore the “ White Horse ” label, 25 grammes the “ Kicking Mule ” label and one box the “ Black Bear ” label. 8. There were seventy-seven cases. 9. Seventy-two of these cases were pending at the time of making the report. In four cases, sentences were pronounced as follows : Two of thirty days’ imprisonment, one of sixty days, one of ninety days, one of six months, one of one year, one of twenty-two months and one of three years. One of the arrested persons escaped.

No. 205.—Principal Minor Heroin Seizures in the United States of America in March 1936. 1. 1281/388(46). 2. Government of the United States of America, June 2nd, 1936. 3(a). Heroin : 1 kg. 469 grs. (51 oz. 320 grains). Cocaine : 4 grammes (60 grains). 8. There were 119 cases. 9. Ninety-nine cases were pending at the time of making the report. Seventeen persons were sentenced as follows : five to three years’ imprisonment, four to two years, two to nineteen months, one to a year and a half,one to one year and a day, two to six months, one to four months and two to three months. In one case the accused escaped, in one the accused was not yet apprehended and one case was dismissed.

No. 206.—Principal Minor Heroin Seizures in the United States of America, April 1936. 1. 1231/383(46). 2. Government of the United States of America, June 22nd, 1936. 3(a). Heroin : 1 kg. 85 grs. (38 oz. 91.4 grains). 8. There were eighty-nine cases. 9. Seventy-five of these cases were pending at the time of making the report. Sentences ranging from three months’ to three years’ imprisonment were passed in thirteen cases and in one case the accused was sentenced to undergo treatment for addiction. Nole.—Seizures of heroin were also made in connection with the following cases, which included seizures of other drugs and which have been summarised under corresponding headings : Gases Nos. 119, 123 and 124, under “ Part lia ”. Gases Nos. 127 and 139, under “ Raw Opium ”. Case No. 185, under “ Morphine ”. Case No. 211, under “ Cocaine ”.

Q u a n t it ie s of H e r o in se iz e d as r e po r t e d to th e S e c r eta r ia t :

1935 1936 100 kg. 915 grs. 18 kg. 136 grs.

5. COCAINE.

No. 207.—Seizure at Schaerbeek, Belgium, February 17th, 1936. 1 22731/387. '• Belgian representative on the Advisory Committee, May 1936. Cocaine : 100 grammes. a- Person implicated : Emile Temmerman and Elise Viaene, of Schaerbeek ; Emile Declercq, . of Contich. ■ The cocaine was in a flask bearing the label of Merck of Darmstadt. ^ A search was made on the premises occupied by the accused and the cocaine was found in a stove in a bedroom. Temmerman and \ iaene declared that they had bought ( the drug from Declercq. The house of Declercq was searched but no drugs were found. The case is pending. — 42 —

No. 208.—Seizure at Singapore on March 20th, 1936. 1. 24504/387. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, June 12th, 1936 3(a). Cocaine : 1 kg. 405 grs. 4. By the s.s. Santhia (B.I.S.N., Apcar Line, Messrs. Harper Gilfillan, Singapore), comino from Kobe via Moji, Amoy, Hong-Kong, Port Swettenham, Penang, Rangoon and Calcutta. 5. Person implicated : Nural Hook, a Chittagonian seaman, storekeeper on the s.s. Sanlhia. 7. The cocaine was in four flat tins wrapped in brown paper. On each tin was a label bearing the name “ The Fujitsuru Brand ” and bearing the picture of a flying stork. Specimens of the tins and wrappers are in the archives of the Secretariat. 8. The accused, as storekeeper, was responsible for keeping in his possession the key of the forepeak store, in which the cocaine was found. Whilst he admitted that he was forbidden to lend the key of the store, he stated, further, that he had frequently disobeyed the instruction. 9. The District Judge held that it was not proved that the accused alone had access to the store and accordingly acquitted him. The drug was confiscated and handed to the Chief Medical Officer, Singapore, for official use.

No. 209.—Seizure at Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, March 31st, 1936.

1. 24256/387. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, June 5th, 1936. 3(a). Cocaine and morphine : 50 grammes (If oz.). 4. On the schooner Geraldine Louise, coming from Fort de France, Martinique, via Hills­ borough and Carriacou. 5. Person implicated : Edward Olivierre, master of the schooner and living at St. Vincent. 7. The drugs were in five phials, three of which were marked “ Serum J. P. Antioiphterique ” and contained cocaine only. 8. The accused was arrested in Marine Square, Port-of-Spain, and the drugs were found on him. He stated that he had purchased them for 600 francs on the quay at Fort de France, Martinique, from a man whose name he did not know. 9. Olivierre was fined £100 or four months’ imprisonment. The owner of the ship, Cyprian Olivierre, was fined £100 by the Collector of Customs.

No. 210.—Seizure on board the s.s. “ Toba Maru ” at Shanghai, October 22nd, 1933.

1. O.C.S.284. 23988/387. 2. The Chinese representative on the Advisory Committee, May 14th, 1936. 3(a). Cocaine : 30 kg. 814 grs. (1,085 oz.). 4. By the Toba Maru. 5. Person implicated : Abe, a Japanese. 8. Abe brought the cocaine from Formosa to Shanghai on board the above vessel and, owing to the fact that the ship reached Shanghai earlier than was expected, his accomplices did not meet it to take the drugs oil. The drugs were therefore found by the Chinese Maritime Customs and seized, Abe being handed over to the Japanese Consular Police Bureau. He stated that he knew one Ling Tse Tin in Shanghai, who gave him, before he went to Formosa, certificate No. 85, issued by the Chinese Minister of the Interior on November 18th, 1932, authorising the importation ot cocaine into China. This Ling Tse Tin had introduced him to one Liu Tse Sing, ot the Huh Zung Pharmacy, No. 96, Chung Hwa Road, Shanghai, to whom he was to sell the drug on his arrival. Abe then bought the cocaine at the Formosan Government Monopoly Bureau, which granted him an export permit. He claimed that his task was only to bring the cocaine to the Shanghai wharf and then it was for Ling Tse Tin and Liu Tse Sing to fulfil the Customs formalities. The JaPa^ e Consular police did not consider him guilty and released him on October 24th, l&w, on the ground that he possessed an official export permit. . , The Ministry of the Interior reported that it was not in a position to issue any impoi certificates in 1932, as the national agency for importing narcotic drugs referre to in the regulations had not then been established nor had the new form of imp01^ certificate been adopted. At that time, the import certificates were still bemc issued by the Maritime Customs. . In the Ministry’s file, however, there is a document which revealed another seizure 0 cocaine and which is also connected with the same alleged import certificate^ well as with the same Chinese Liu Tse Sing who is involved in the Abe case. J document is a petition sent to this Ministry in April 1934, by a Japanese Fujigo, of Shanghai, claiming that he was a dealer of medicines and that certiiic No. 85 was issued to him by this Ministry on November 18th, 1932, author^1 » 43 —

the importation of 1,000 kg. of cocaine into China. He intended to divide this quantity of cocaine into many consignments to be imported during a certain period. He asserted that he bought cocaine at Formosa, where he deposited the Chinese import certificate with, and received an export permit from, the Governor. On March 12th, 1934, he arrived at Shanghai on the Yasukuni Maru with 21 kg. of cocaine ; these were seized by the Customs. Fujigo alleged that, presenting the export permit, he requested the Customs to release the drug ; but they refused to do so unless he could produce the import certificate. Therefore, he solicited this Ministry to instruct the Shanghai Customs to have the drug restored to him, as he intended to sell it to Liu Tse Sing, of the Huh Zung Pharmacy, Chung Hwa Road, Shanghai. Upon the receipt of this petition, the Ministry of the Interior at once came to the conclusion that the import certificate in question could not be a genuine one, because, in the first place, the Ministry was not in a position to issue any import certificate in 1932, as already explained. Besides, 1,000 kg. of cocaine could never have been authorised to be imported on a single certificate. The Ministry of the Interior therefore referred the matter to the Superintendent of the Shanghai Maritime Customs for an enquiry, and at the same time requested the Ministry for Foreign Affairs to ask the Governor of Formosa not to allow any further exportation of cocaine on that import certificate, which was evidently a false one, if it ever existed. In the meantime, the Ministry of the Interior asked the Japanese petitioner Fujigo to submit the import certificate for examination and report on the circumstances under which he obtained it. He has not so far complied with this request. On April 30th, 1934, the Ministry of the Interior received a reply from the Superintendent of the Shanghai Maritime Customs, stating that he had no knowledge of the import certificate in question, but that the seizure mentioned in Fujigo’s petition was actually made in Shanghai. The fact was that, on March 12th, 1934, when the s.s. Yasukuni Maru arrived at Shanghai, two bags were removed from the steamer to the examination-room of the Customs ; but, as nobody came to claim them, after a certain length of time the Customs authorities opened them and found 60 tins of cocaine weighing 21 kg. Thereupon, the drug was confiscated. As to Liu Tse Sing, of the Huh Zung Pharmacy, 96, Chung Hwa Road, Shanghai, whose name was involved in the two above-mentioned cases of seizure, a secret enquiry was made on the spot by the Public Safety Bureau of Shanghai, but neither the person nor the pharmacy could be found at that address. Even the name of this pharmacy does not appear in the list of pharmacies registered at the Health Bureau.

No. 211.—Seizure at Créteil (Seine), France, October 18th, 1935 : Jean-Pierre Goateval Case. 1. O.C.S./Confidential/40. 20917/387. 2. M. Mondanel, Comptroller-General of the National Criminal Investigation Department, at the twenty-first session of the Advisory Committee, May 1936. 3(a). Cocaine : 5 kg. Raw opium : 250 grammes. Morphine : 300 grammes. Heroin : 500 grammes. 5. Persons implicated: Jean-Pierre Goateval, an employee of the Wagon-Lits Co., and his wife. 8. As the result of investigations carried out by the services of the Prefecture of Police, the Seine Public Prosecutor’s Office opened a judicial enquiry and a search was made at Coateval’s house, where the drugs were discovered hidden in a suitcase which was found in the bedroom of the cottage in which Goateval and his wife live. In the absence of Goateval, who has so far not been found and a warrant for whose arrest has been issued, his wife was present during the search, and was charged with trafficking in narcotic drugs. The importance of this case consists, not only in the comparatively large quantity of drugs seized at the Coatevals’ house, but above all in the discovery of a voluminous correspondence which will probably lead to the tracing of the origin of the drugs and reveal the names of certain accomplices. The examination of the various letters and the study of the accounts kept up to date by Goateval have already proved beyond all doubt that this trafficker had “ business ” dealings with the following persons in particular : Isaac Anavi,1 known as “ Rudolphe ”, Bulgarian, a chemical engineer ; Charles-Armand Beguelin,2 Swiss, a former guard of the International Sleeping-Car Company ; Philippe Kappon,3 Bulgarian, Doctor of Medicine ; Léandros Constantinides-Yangopoulos,4 Greek. The documents seized at Coateval’s house show that Yangopoulos played the leading part in the organisation of the illicit traffic. He appears to have acted as banker, advancing the funds required. A warrant for his arrest was issued and Constantinides- Yangopoulos was imprisoned on November 5th, 1935, on the charge of complicity in the drug traffic. 9- The examining magistrate is continuing the preliminary investigations and the enquiry is proceeding.

See case No. 123 of th is docum ent (page 11). See document O.C.294fgJ, page 14, No. 951. See docum ent O .C.294fz), page 23, No. 1900. See document O.C.294(p>, page 7, No. 831. — 44 —

No. 212.—Seizure at Rangoon on March 31st, 1936, ex the s.s. “ Hong Kheng ”, 1. 23814/387. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, May 11th and June 23rd, 1936. 3w. Cocaine : 364 grammes (12; oz.). 4. The Hong Kheng (Chip Hwat & Co., Rangoon) was coming from Amoy, Swatow,Hong- Kong, Singapore and Penang. 5. Person implicated : Pung Ah Fong, Chinese, fireman on the vessel. 7. There were no labels or marks on the tins or wrappers. 8 . On suspicion, the accused was searched on board and thecocaine, which was in two tins, was found concealed about his waist. 9. The accused was sentenced to six months’ rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 300 (390 Swiss francs), or in default a further three months’ imprisonment. The fine was not paid.

No. 213.—Seizure at Bolzano, October 1935. 1. O.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic for 1935, May 1936. 3(a). Cocaine : 3J grammes. 5. Person implicated : Alberto Brunello, an unemployed waiter. 8 . The Royal Carabinieri at Bolzano, having learnt that Brunello was engaged in the clandes­ tine traffic in narcotic drugs, succeeded in outwitting him, a carabinier in disguise managing to negotiate direct with him for a purchase of cocaine. Brunello first handed over, as a sample, 3f grammes of cocaine, and, the price of the drug having been fixed at 1 2 ,0 0 0 lire the kg., he subsequently handed to the carabinier a bottle which he asserted contained half a kilogramme of cocaine. On analysis, however, the substance was found to consist of naphthaline and potassium. On being arrested, Brunello stated that the drug had been handed to him by a friend, whom it has not been possible to identify. 9. Criminal proceedings against Brunello are in progress.

No. 214.—Thefts of Cocaine from a Private Hospital at Empoli, February 6th, 1935. 1. O.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic for 1935, May 1936. 5. Person implicated : Pietro Davitti. 8 . Davitti was arrested at Empoli for a series of thefts of cocaine from the private hospital “ Villa d’ltalia ”, directed by Dr.Cugusi. It was discovered that Davitti, who was a drug addict, used the stolen drugs himself. 9. Davitti was sentenced to twenty months’ penal internment and a fine of 350 lire.

No. 215.—Seizure at Milan, January 5th, 1935. 1. O.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic in 1935, May 1936. 3(a). Cocaine : 821 phials. 5. Persons implicated : Carlo Prono and Niccolo Ugo Pampalone. 8 . Prono and Pampalone were arrested at Milan,having been found in possession of a small suitcase containing 821‘phials of cocaine intended for the illicit traffic. 9. Prono was sentenced to one year and two months’ penal internment and a fine of 1,400 lire. The case against Pampalone was dropped.

No. 216.—Seizure at Milan, August 1935. 1. O.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic in 1935, May 1936. 3(a). Cocaine : 100 grammes. 5. Persons implicated : Archimede Giacomo Belloso ; Rudi Militz, a German living in Milan. 8 . Belloso was arrested at Milan, and a suitcase belonging to him containing the cocaine was seized. Belloso stated that he had bought the drug in Milan from Militz, who, it appears, lives in Berlin. The case was reported to the German authorities. 9. Criminal proceedings have been taken against Belloso and are in progress.

No. 217.—Seizure at Milan, December 15th, 1935. 1. O.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic for 1935, May 1936. 3(a). Cocaine : 1 kg. 5. Persons implicated : Enrico Cristalli and Luigi Gussoni. — 45 — g, Cristalli and Gussoni were arrested in a bar in the Via Vettor Pisani after the former had handed to the latter two packets, each containing 500 grammes of cocaine, for delivery to a third person, as purchaser, who was acting in agreement with the police. q, Cristalli and Gussoni were each sentenced to one year’s penal internment and a fine of 1 ,0 0 0 lire.

No. 218.—Seizure at Modena, May 1935. 1. O.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic in 1935, May 1936. 3fa). Cocaine : 24 grammes. 5. Persons implicated : Fausto Righetti and Maria Barbieri. 8. Following investigations, the police arrested Righetti and Maria Barbieri, his mistress, and the cocaine, which they had intended to sell clandestinely, was seized. It was not possible to discover the origin of the drug. 9. Criminal proceedings are in progress.

No. 219.—Seizure at Monza, April 20th, 1935. 1. O.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic in 1935, May 1936. 3(a). Cocaine : 175 grammes. 5. Persons implicated : Luigi Frigerio, Arturo Annoni, Emilio Gilardi and Alfredo Zaccaria. 8. The accused were arrested in Monza on a charge of, among other things, smuggling cocaine and attempting to sell it clandestinely. The cocaine appears to have been supplied to the offenders by an unknown person of Swiss nationality. 9. Frigerio was sentenced to one year and three months’ penal internment and to a fine of 3,900 lire ; Annoni and Gilardi to eight months’ penal internment and a fine of 800 lire each ; while Zaccaria was discharged owing to lack of evidence.

No. 220.—Seizure at Naples, January 23rd, 1936. 1. 0.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic for 1935, May 1936. 3(a). Cocaine : 8 phials. 5. Persons implicated : Guglielmo Errichiello, a well-known cocaine addict ; Salvatore Di Lauro, an unemployed workman. 8. The Naples police, after keeping a close watch over Errichiello, discovered that he was deriving very considerable profits from the illicit traffic in cocaine, using Di Lauro as his agent. On January 23rd, 1936, Errichiello handed to Di Lauro eight small phials of cocaine hydrochloride. 9. Criminal proceedings are in progress. No. 221.—Illicit Traffic in Cocaine at Pomigliano d’Arco, Italy, on May 2nd, 1935. 1. 0.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic for 1935, May 1936. 5. Persons implicated : Alfredo Buffardi, a chemist ; Vincenzo Ricciardi, a hairdresser ; Giuseppe Panico, varnisher ; Gemma Bencivenga and Gabrielle Pugliese. 8- Buffardi was arrested for having illicitly supplied cocaine to Ricciardi and Panico, who sold the drug clandestinely with the help of Bencivenga and Pugliese. 9- The court sentenced Buffardi to one year and two months’ penal internment and a fine of 2,500 lire ; the others to a year and two months’ penal internment and a fine of 1 ,2 0 0 lire each. No 222.—Arrest of Fifteen Doctors and Chemists at Rome in January 1935. 1 0.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. '• Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic in 1935, May 1936. Dr. Federico Baldi delle Rose, Dr. Adolfo Pandolfi and others. About fifteen persons—doctors and chemists—were brought before the authorities for having fraudulently procured drugs for addicts, or for having either issued prescriptions for or supplied cocaine in powder despite the legal prohibition. Certain of these persons have already been found guilty and sentenced to severe penalties—- e.g., Dr. Federico Baldi delle Rose, sentenced to three years and two months’ penal internment and to two fines of 6,400 lire and 100 lire ; and Dr. Adolfo Pandolfi, sentenced to eighteen months’ penal internment. No. 223—Clandestine Sale of Cocaine at Santa Maria C.V., Italy, February 22nd, 1935. !■ O.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. ■ Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic for 1935, May 1936. 1 Persons implicated : Augusto Palmieri, a chemist ; Luigi Adamo ; Salvatore Riccio, workman and an addict. — 46 —

8 . Palmieri and Luigi were arrested in Santa Maria C.V. on the charge of having supplied and clandestinely sold cocaine to Riccio. 9. The judge did not consider, however, that the charge against the chemist was proved Adamo alone was found guilty and sentenced to one year and three months’ penai internment and a fine of 1,500 lire.

No. 224.—Seizure at Savona, January 16th, 1936. 1. O.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic for 1935, May 1936. 3(a). Cocaine : 500 grammes. 5. Person implicated : Semeria Girolamo, a soldier in an artillery regiment. 8. Girolamo, who was on service at Savona, was found to be in possession of a packet containing five phials of cocaine weighing in all 500 grammes. Semeria stated that he had received the drug from an unknown person in the public gardens of Savona for temporary keeping. Active enquiries are being made in order to throw light on the case.

No. 225.—Seizure on the Stelvio Road between Switzerland and Italy, July 29th. 1935. 1. O.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic in 1935, May 1936. 3(a). Cocaine : 140 grammes. 5. Person implicated : Bonomo Aldo Togno, a messenger. 8 . Togno was arrested on the Stelvio road on returning from Switzerland, whither he had gone secretly to purchase drugs. The cocaine was found upon him and seized. 9. Criminal proceedings have been taken against the smuggler and are now in progress.

No. 226.—Seizure of Coca Leaves at New York, January 10th, 1936. 1. 1281/388(254). No. 537. 2. Government of the United States of America, June 2nd, 1936. 3(a). Coca leaves : 277 grammes (9| oz.). 5. Persons implicated : W. R. Grace & Co., Lima, Peru, and 10, Hanover Square, New York. 8. In the latter part of December 1935, a representative of W. R. Grace & Co., of New York, visited the office of the Collector of Customs at New York and stated th at four sample packages of coca leaves had been shipped by mistake by the company’s branch office at Lima, Peru, to the New York office of the company. W. R. Grace & Co., and requested Customs officers to detain the packages when they arrived, as prohibited merchandise. Through inadvertence upon the part of an employee of the Post Office Department, the packages were not detained upon their arrival, but were delivered to W. R. Grace & Co. on January 4th, 1936. Representatives of the company immediately turned the packages over to Customs officers and the coca leaves were then formally seized. There was no action taken against the consignee of the packages, as the company had shown good faith in notifying Customs officers in advance of the shipment. (For previous mention of importations of cocaine into the United States of America from Peru, see O.C.S.300, page 37, No. 110.) Note.—Seizures of cocaine were also made in connection with the following cases, which included seizures of other drugs and which have been summarised under corresponding headings : Case No. 107, under “ Part I ”. Cases Nos. 124 and 126, under “ Part IIA Case No. 191, under “ Morphine ”, Case No. 205, under “ Heroin ”.

Q u a n t it ie s of Coca in e seized as r e p o r t e d to th e S e c r e t a r ia t :

1935 1936 7 kg. 176 grs. 2 kg. 423 grs.

6. INDIAN-HEMP DRUGS.

No. 227.—Seizure of Indian-hemp Cigarettes in London, March 8th, 1936. 1. 23505/387. 2. Representative of the United Kingdom on the Advisory Committee, April 23rd, 1936. 3(a). Indian-hemp cigarettes : 71 grammes (2£ oz.). , 5. Person implicated : Samuel Schun (Jack Starr), an American of Russian origin) engage as a dancer at the Palladium Theatre, London. — 47 —

7. On one side of the package was a stick-on label bearing the name and address of “ T. Herold, 2600 Paseo, Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.A.”. On removing this label, it was found that it covered the words “ T. Herold, Hotel Chesterfield, New York City, U.S.A. ”. 8. A postal parcel addressed to Jack Starr was seized by Customs officers at the Mount Pleasant Parcel Post Depot, London, and found to consist of a one-pound chocolate box. Underneath a layer of chocolates was found 2 J oz. of cigarettes between layers of corrugated paper roughly fastened together. The cigarettes were examined by the Government chemist and each cigarette was found to weigh approximately 8.33 grains and each contained approximately 7.15 grains of coarsely powdered Indian hemp, from which the resin had not been extracted. They were entirely free from tobacco. The parcel had been posted in Hertford, Conn. Enquiries regarding the addressee have disclosed that his real name is Samuel Schun. He denies all knowledge of the parcel and states that he knows no one in Kansas City and that he was unaware that any parcel was being sent to him. His address in the United States is c/o Mrs. Schun (his mother), 757, Trinity Avenue, The Bronx, New York. He arrived in the United Kingdom on February 27th, 1936, and holds a Ministry of Labour permit for employment as a dancer. A copy of this report has been sent to the United States authorities. 9. No evidence on which a prosecution could be undertaken has been discovered.

No. 228.—Seizures in Mauritius during 1935.

1. 22958/22153. 2. Government of the United Kingdom in the report on the illicit traffic in Mauritius in 1935. 3(a). Indian hemp : 11 kg. 923 grs. Raw opium : 3 kg. 608 grs. 8. There were six cases in connection with raw opium, five concerning the possession of opium and one concerning the possession of pipes used for opium-smoking. There were nine cases in connection with Indian hemp, eight concerning possession and one concerning illicit cultivation. All the opium and Indian hemp seized was destroyed. 9. In connection with the raw-opium cases, one accused was fined Rs. 1,000 (1,300 Swiss francs) with costs ; five were fined Rs. 25 each (32 Swiss francs) with costs ; one was sentenced to six months’ hard labour and costs and two to one year’s hard labour and costs. Two cases were filed. In connection with the Indian-hemp cases, one person was fined Rs. 25 with costs ; one Rs. 50 (64 Swiss francs) and costs ; one was sentenced to three months’ hard labour with costs ; one to six months’ hard labour with costs ; and one to six months’ hard labour and a fine of Rs. 1,000 with costs. Two cases were filed and two were pending at the time of making the report.

No. 229.—Smuggling at Damietta, 1932-1934. 1. 23390/387. 2. Central Narcotics Intelligence Bureau, Cairo, April 8 th, 1936. 5. Persons implicated : Mohammed Seddik Abdou El Agha ; Hussein Abu Awad ; Hamed Ahmed El Husseini ; Ibrahim el Sayed Bassati ; Abdu Ahmed El Zayyat ; Abdel Fadil Abu El Kanshouti ; Mursi Ahmed ElBerbeer ; Mohamed Mohamed El Ghadban ; Youshaa Abdou Fouda ; Abdel Rahman Abdu Fouda ; Mohamed Abdu El Bayyaa ; Mahmud Abdu El Agha ; Okasha Abdu El Agha ; Ali Abdu El Agha ; Saadalla El Basha ; Khadr Osmen El Shariki ; Sobhi El Lataqani ; Hamaa El Rasheed ; Ahmed El Reedi ; Saadalla El Sebac. 8. The charge against these persons was that, during the three years prior to December 16th, 1934, they brought into Egyptian territory, within the limits of Port Said and Damietta Governorates, numerous quantities of hashish without legal justifi­ cation. As the Parquet has lodged an appeal in respect of eleven of the sentences passed, a publication of the full account of the trial and summing-up can only be submitted after the hearing of the appeal. 9' Eight of the accused were sentenced to five years’ imprisonment and a fine of £E 1 ,0 0 0 (17,592 Swiss francs) ; eight to three years’ imprisonment and a fine of £E600 (10,556 Swiss francs) ; one to two years’ imprisonment and a fine of £E400 (7,037 Swiss francs). Three were acquitted.

No. 230.— Seizure at Kantara on March 8th, 1936, on a Railway Train arriving from Palestine. 1 24524/387. Central Narcotics Intelligence Bureau, Cairo, June 20th, 1936. 3w- Hashish : 2 0 kg. Raw opium : 6 kg. — 48 —

5. Persons implicated : Abdou Metwalli Ali, cook on the train ; Mohammed Idris Fadl restaurant waiter on the train. 8 . Reports of a reliable nature had been received by the Frontiers Administration to the effect that a quantity of hashish would be found hidden in coach No. 98 on the train due to arrive at Kantara on March 8 th from Palestine. A British officer of high rank was travelling on this train and the smugglers took advantage of this fact, hoping thereby to get the hashish through without trouble. Suspicions were centred on Metwalli Ali, and he was detained and the kitchen searched. Behind the plate-rack a quantity of hashish was discovered. Fadl was then searched, but nothing was found on him. A second search in the kitchen revealed a quantity of hashish together with a quantity of opium in the ice-chest. The two accused finally confessed ownership of the narcotics and stated that they had partners in the deal who are employees of the Palestine Railways Co. It was further revealed that they intended handing over the narcotics to a well-known trafficker who was previously accused in a narcotics case in 1934 and subequently acquitted for lack of proof. Other members of the train staff were searched, but nothing further was found. 9. The accused were sentenced to three years’ imprisonment and a fine of £E100 (1,759 Swiss francs) each.

No. 231.—Seizure at Gonstanza, August 23rd, 1935. 1. 22921/22153. 2. Roumanian Government in its report on the illicit traffic for 1935, April 18th, 1936. 3(a). Hashish : 800 grammes. 4. By the s.s. Har-Karmel (British flag), coming from the Orient. 5. Person implicated : Cherea Valeriu, sailor. 8 . The hashish was found on board the vessel. It was destroyed. 9. The accused was sentenced to three months’ imprisonment.

No. 232.—Arrest of Hashish Traffickers at Gonstanza, December 10th, 1935.

1. 22849/387. 2. Roumanian Government, May 18th, 1936. 3(a). Hashish : 100 grammes. e 5. Persons implicated : Tatosian Toma, carter, Armenian ; Caraini F. Gherasim, shoemaker, Greek ; Comanicz Fotin Panait, shoemaker, Greek ; Constantin I. Vasile,Roumanian. 8 . The affair was discovered at Gonstanza, in the Rue Bucovinei, by the police of that town, and the principal trafficker, Toma, arrested with the hashish in his possession. Investigations led to the arrest of the others and the proceedings are pending.

No. 233.—Seizure at Galatz, November 1935. 1. 22921/22153. 2. Roumanian Government in its report on the illicit traffic in 1935, April 18th, 1936. 3(a). Hashish : 2 kg. 500 grs. 4. By the s.s. Dacia. 5. Persons implicated : Ionica Christea, corporal, and Constantin Kiriac Dumitru, sailor. 8 . The hashish was found during an inspection of the vessel. 9. Both accused were sentenced to one month’s imprisonment and to a fine of 500 lei (15 Swiss francs). In addition they were both sentenced to pay 100 lei (3 Swiss francs) damages.

No. 234.—Seizure at Hama, Syria, on October 20th, 1934. 1. O.C.S.283. 24030/387. 2. French Government. 3(a). Hashish : 5,000 kg. 8. A French non-commissioned officer of the Syrian gendarmerie, acting on information received, conducted a search upon a farm in the neighbourhood of Hama, and the hashish was discovered and destroyed. Two members of the family who owned and were at the farm at the moment of seizure, together with fifteen other persons, farmers or workmen, who had assisted in the cultivation or preparation of the hashish, were found guilty and sentenced. It appeared that the hashish had been grown in the Lebanon and brought for preparation to the farm where it had been seized. 9. The convicted persons were each sentenced to pay a fine of £20 or suffer a term imprisonment of twenty-four hours for every £1.25 of the fine. — 49 —

No. 235.—Seizure at Blue Mountain, Mississippi, on April 14th, 1936.

1. 1281/388(246). No. 530. 2. Government of the United States of America, May 11th, 1936. 3(a). Cannabis prepared for smoking : 1,365 kg. 773 grs. (3,005 lb.). Cannabis seeds : 227 kg. 250 grs. (500 lb.). 5 Person implicated : Herman Jernigan. 7. There were no identifying marks or labels. g. Following a lengthy investigation, a narcotic agent from New Orleans visited Jernigan’s farm, situated about three miles from Blue Mountain, and, posing as a narcotic peddler from Florence, Alabama, purchased from Jernigan a sample of 2 kg. 273 grs. (5 lb.) of cannabis prepared for smoking. During the negotiations, Jernigan showed the agent a number of boxes containing approximately 3,000 lb. of cannabis concealed in a shed in the rear of his home. This had been harvested from a plot of about ten acres belonging to Jernigan. He stated that he had sufficient cannabis seeds on hand to plant an additional 50 acres. Apparently, Jernigan had been treating a part of the cannabis with paregoric to give it added strength. As a result of this interview, Jernigan was arrested and the above drugs seized. 9, Jernigan was held in default of bond awaiting trial.

No. 236.—Seizure at Dallas, Texas, May 9th, 1936.

1. 1-281/388(255). No. 538. 2. Government of the United States of America. June 2nd, 1936. 3(a). Bulk cannabis : 4 kg. 545 grs. (10 lb.). Growing cannabis plants : 50. 5. Person implicated : Tony Garcia. 8. Police officers raided the premises occupied by Garcia and discovered the cannabis concealed in closets and under the bed in buckets and sacks. After searching the house, the officers went into the back yard to search the garage and discovered a plot one-tenth of an acre in size planted with hundreds of cannabis seedlings and containing fifty full-grown cannabis plants. The police expressed the belief that Garcia had obtained the seeds in Mexico. 9. Garcia was held for prosecution.

No. 237.—Seizure at El Paso, Texas, June 4th, 1936. 1. 1281/388(261). No. 544. 2. Government of the United States of America, June 29th, 1936. 3w. Cannabis : 54 growing plants weighing 13 kg. 635 grs. (30 lb.). 5. Person implicated : Manuel Montes. 8. El Paso police officers seized the plants, which were discovered growing in a space in the yard of Montes’ residence at El Paso. These plants had attained a height of 7 feet. Montes was arrested and will be prosecuted.

No. 238.—Seizure at Houma and Bourg, Louisiana, April 24th, 1936. 1. 1281/388(252). No. 535. 2. Government of the United States of America, May19th, 1936. 3f

239.—Seizure at Indio, California, May 14th, 1936.

1 1281/388(258). No. 541. ^ Government of the United States of America, June 22nd, 1936. Cannabis plants : One half-acre of growing plants, number of plants and net weight of cannabis not ascertained. — 50 —

5. Person implicated : Ysabel Ventura. 8. State narcotic inspectors discovered a plot of half an acre of land belonging to the accused. The field was destroyed before it was possible to ascertain the number of plants growing thereon or the net weight of the cannabis. 9. Ventura was held for prosecution.

No. 240.—Seizure at Lafitte, Louisiana, May 21st, 1936. 1. 1281/388(259). No. 542. 2. Government of the United States of America, June 22nd, 1936. 3(a). Cannabis plants : 5,000. Dried cannabis : Net weight undetermined. Cannabis cigarettes : 64. 5. Person implicated : Nachesto Pazini. 8. Police at Lafitte, investigating reports that the children of Pazini were acting in a most unusual manner, searched Pazini’s farm and there discovered the cannabis plants growing between rows of corn. In his house they found the dried cannabis, some white cigarette-papers and the prepared cigarettes. It was learned that Pazini had been giving the cigarettes to his children as well as peddling them to other children in the neighbourhood. 9. Pazini was held in default of bond awaiting trial.

No. 241.—Seizures of Cannabis in the United States during 1935, not previously reported, 1. 1281/388(249). 2. Government of the United States of America, May 11th, 1936. 3(a). Cannabis : Growing plants : 5 kg. 909 grs. (13 lb.). Acreage : 6J. Number of plants : 1,031. Bulk : 170,811 kg. 99 grs. (375,822 lb.). Seeds : 37 kg. 610 grs. (82 lb. 12 oz.). Cannabis cigarettes : 3,518. 8. There were sixty-nine cases. This figure does not include the seizures in the States of California, Upper New York, Greater New York and Pennsylvania, details of which are not given. 9. Sentences ranging from fines of $25 to $500 and terms of imprisonment ranging from eighty days to ten years were inflicted in twenty-six cases. Twenty-one cases were pending at the time of making the report. In seventeen cases the results were not known ; in three the owner of the drugs was not identified ; in one the accused escaped and one case was dismissed.

No. 242.—Seizures of Cannabis in the United States during the First Quarter of 1936. 1. 1281/388(249). 2. Government of the United States of America, May 11th and June 29th, 1936. 3(a). Cannabis : Bulk : 32 kg. 667 grs. (71 lb. 14 oz.). Seeds : 909 grammes (2 lb.). Marihuana cigarettes : 1,284. 8. There were fifty-two cases. 9. Sentences ranging from fines of $50 to $1,700 and terms of imprisonment of from thirty days to one year were inflicted in thirty of these cases. One case was dismissed and twenty were pending at the time of making the report. There was no arrest in one case.

No. 243.—Seizures of Cannabis in the United States during the Month of April 1936. 1. 1281/388(249). 2. Government of the United States of America, June 29th, 1936. 3(a). Cannabis : Bulk : 2 kg. 521 grs. (5 lb. 8 oz. 326 grains). Seeds : 136 kg. 350 grs. (300 lb.). Cigarettes : 210. 8. There were twelve cases.

9. Nine of these cases were pending at the time of making the report. In two c a s e s , sentence» of six months and two and a half to three years’ imprisonment were inflicted. n one case, the defendants were not known. Note. Seizures of Indian-hemp drugs were also made in connection with the follow11^ cases, which included seizures of other drugs and which have been summarised under corr spending headings : Cases Nos. 127, 139 and 146, under “ Raw Opium — 51 —

Qu a n t it ie s of I n d ia n -h e m p D rugs seized as r e po r t e d to t h e Se c r e t a r ia t :

1935 1936 Kg. grs. Kg. grs. Indian h e m p ...... 11 923 870 Hashish...... 4 380 20 345 Cannabis : Prepared for sm o k in g ...... — 1,365 773 Bulk ...... 170,811 099 45 187 Seeds ...... 37 610 364 509

Number Number Plants ...... 1,031 7,604 and | acre, number of plants not given. C igarettes...... 3,518 1,625 and 71 grammes.

7. MISCELLANEOUS.

No. 244.—Seizures at Bettignies, France, December 19th, 1935.

1. 0.C.S./Confidential/40. 22006/387. 2. M. Mondanel, Comptroller-General of the National Criminal Investigation Department Paris, at the twenty-first session of the Advisory Committee, May 1936. The representative of the Netherlands on the Advisory Committee, April 29th, 1936. 3m . Eight bottles of a white powder, which, on analysis, proved to be hydrosulphide, which has no analogy with cocaine. 5. Persons implicated : Giovanni Ravotti and Pietro Attendolo, two Italians, living in Holland ; A. J. Kruining, Dutch, living at Helligon, Netherlands. 8. The Customs officials at Bettignies (Nord) Station stopped a motor-car, registered in the Netherlands under the number H.Z.25979, in which Bavotti and Attendolo were driving, and found the bottles of powder between the petrol tank and the coachwork. The bottles were covered with parchment paper and sealed with a wax seal bearing the impress of a coin. Ravotti stated that he had received these bottles from Kruining and was to take them to two persons unknown to him in Paris. Ravotti and Attendolo have been placed at the disposal of the judicial authorities at Avesnes.

No. 245.—Illicit Traffic by Doctors and Chemists in Cairo, 1934 and 1935.

1. 0.G./A.R. 1935/1. 22894/22153. 2. Central Narcotics Intelligence Bureau, Cairo, in its annual report for 1935, May 1936. 5. Persons implicated : Kaiser Besali, Shaker Rabbat, Sa bet Boulos, Ahmed Hassib el-Hakim, Mohamed Amin Nour, Mohamed Tewfik Shehata, Antoun Arida, Ahmed Hussein Zaki, all doctors ; Abdel Aziz Hilmi and Abdel Raouf Abdou, male nurses ; Abdel Galil ata Abou el-Seood, fellah ; Khalil Haddad, pharmacist. 8. During the latter part of 1934, it came to the notice of the Bureau that a certain physician was issuing a large number of prescriptions for narcotic drugs far in excess of what appeared necessary for the reasonable treatment of any narcotic addict. Enquiries revealed the fact that the physician on whose printed forms these prescriptions were written knew nothing about them, and it was decided that the forms must have been stolen. Enquiries were continued and it shortly became apparent that a large number of chemists in Cairo had for months been issuing narcotic drugs against prescriptions signed by various doctors, the number of the prescriptions and the quantity of drugs involved being quite out of proportion to necessary medical requirements. All prescriptions in chemists’ shops were collected and looked into and the doctors and patients carefully examined. The result of these enquiries was the arrest of the above-mentioned persons. The charges against them were : (1) providing facilities to drug addicts for procuring and using narcotic drugs in illegal circumstances ; (2) of being in illicit possession of narcotic drugs ; (3) of failing to keep the proper narcotics register, as laid down by the Public Health Department regulations. Kaiser Besali, Shaker Rabbat, Ahmed Hassib el-Hakim, Mohamed Amin Nour, Mohamed Tewfik Shehata, Antoun Arida, Ahmed Hussein Zaki, Abdel Aziz Hilmi and Abdel Raouf Abdu were each sentenced to one year’s hard labour and a fine of £E200 — 52 —

(3,548 Swiss francs). With the exception of Abdel Raouf Abdu, they were further sentenced to be suspended from exercising their medical profession for one year beginning from the date on which their sentences expire. Sabet Boulos, Abdel Galil ata Abou el-Seood and Khalil Haddad were acquitted. The High Medical Council sentenced Shaker Rabbat, Ahmed Hussein Zaki, Mohamed Amin Nour and Ahmed Hassib el-Hakim to be suspended from practising their profession for one year, to follow on the sentence of imprisonment and suspension given by the court The Council sentenced Antoun Arida to be suspended from practising his profession for six months to follow on the sentence of imprisonment and suspension given bv the court.

No. 246.—Illicit Traffic by Doctors in Tantah, Mansura, Mehalla el-Kobra and Qalioub, Egypte, 1935. 1. O.C./A.R. 1935/1. 22894/22153. 2. The Central Narcotics Intelligence Bureau, Cairo, in its annual report for 1935, May 1936. 5. Persons implicated : In Tantah : Mohamed Mohamed Tewfiq, Selim Iscandar Namour, Neeman Youssef Mansur, Egyptian doctor and Alexandre Sfakianakis, Greek doctor ; Elias Aggan, Karkour Yacoub, Mitri Khoury, Ohanes Baghossian and Abd-el-Raouf el-Abd, chemists. In Mansura : Dr. Yaldejian, French. In Mehalla el-Kobra • Dr. Nassif Rizkallah. In Qalioub : Dr. Aziz Mikhail Bishai, and Maher Yousri, chemist. 8. Following upon the prosecutions in Cairo (see previous case), investigations into similar charges against doctors were made in other places. Investigations resulted in the arrest of the above persons. In some cases the investigations have not yet been completed, while in others the cases have been set down for trial but not yet heard. 9. The following sentences were passed : In Tantah: Dr. Tewfiq and Dr. Namour were sen­ tenced to a year and a half’s imprisonment and a fine of £E300 (5,322 Swiss francs); Dr. Mansur to one year’s imprisonment and a fine of £E200 (3,548 Swiss francs) ; the five chemists were each sentenced to a fine of £E100 (1,774 Swiss francs). Dr. Sfakianakis was sentenced by the Greek court to two years’ imprisonment and a fine of 300 gold drachmae (9 Swiss francs). He has since been expelled from Egypt by the order of the Greek Consul of Tantah. In Mansura : Dr. Yaldejian was sentenced by the French Consular Court to six months’ imprisonment. In Mehalla el-Kobra : Dr. Rizkallah was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment and a fine of £E30 (267 Swiss francs). In Qalioub : Dr. Bishai was sentenced to one year’s imprisonment, a fine of £E200 (3,548 Swiss francs), and forbidden to exercise his profession for one year. Maher Yousri was sentenced to one year’s imprisonment, to the closing of his pharmacy for two years and from exercising his profession for one year.

No. 247.—Clandestine Sale of Drugs on Forged Delivery Orders, discovered at Rome, Florence and Bracciano in May 1935. 1. O.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic in 1935, May 1936. 5. Domenico de Carli, Giulio Giardino, Giulio Carpentieri, a typographer, Aztomira di Leo, Olinto Battini, Alfredo Sforza, Luigi Gisla, anassistant in apharmacy in Bracciano. 8. The accused were arrested for criminal association for thepurpose of clandestine sale of drugs, which they obtained by means of forged delivery orders presented to chemists and wholesalers. Carpentieri forged the orders and Gisla succeeded in bringing out large quantities of drugs from the pharmacy in Bracciano. 9. The result of the criminal proceedings is being awaited.

No. 248.—Theft of Drugs from the Psychiatric Clinic at S. Niccolo di Grosseto, Italy, May 1935. 1. O.C.S.276(c). 23818/22153. 2. Italian Government in its report on the illicit traffic in 1935, May 1936. 5. Persons implicated : Narciso Massarizi, an attendant in the clinic ; Lidia Salvadori. an addict. 8. A large number of drugs were seized in the house of Lidia Salvadori. It was discovered that the drugs had been supplied by Massarizi. 9. The criminal proceedings taken against Massarizi are still in progress. QUESTIONNAIRE REFERRING TO PART II.

1. Documents issued and Registry dossier No. 2. Reported by. 3. Kind and quantity of drugs (a) seized or (b) involved in the illicit transaction. 4. Origin of drugs. Where drugs shipped. Method of transportation, and destination. Route followed. Nationality, name and owners of ship involved. 5. Names of consignor, consignee and addressee, or other persons implicated. 6. Forwarding agents and other persons or firms whose names appear in connection with the case. 7. Name of manufacturer of drugs ; labels, marks, packing, etc. 8. Additional details. 9. Legal proceedings and penalties. — 5.3 —

INDEX TO LOCALITIES

Country and Locality Dale Page Country and Locality Dale Page

B elgium : France (continued) : Schaerbeek February 17th, 1936 ... 41 Petit-Couronne (Seine) October 24th, 1935 ...... 19 United Kingdom : 1935 ...... 12 St. Pol s[ mer (near London March 8 th, 1936...... 46 Dunkirk) November 15th, 1935 . . . 20 French Mandate : British Colonies : Syria Hong-Kong January 4th, 1936 ...... 8 Hama October 20th, 1934 ...... 48 January 1936 ...... 14,24 February 1936 ...... 14,25 India : March 1936 ...... 15,25 Calcutta March 1936 ...... 20 April 1936 ...... 15, 25 Rangoon November 13th, 1935 . . . 6 Mauritius 1935 ...... 47 Straits Settle­ March 31st, 1936 ...... 44 ments : Italy : July 1935 ...... 34 Malacca January 1936 ...... 25 Ancona September 18th, 1935 . . 20 February 1936 ...... 25 Bolzano October 1935 ...... 44 March 1936 ...... 26 Bracciano May 1935 ...... 52 Penang January 1936 ...... 26 Empoli February 6 th, 1935 .... 44 February 1936 ...... 26 Florence May 1935 ...... 52 March 1936 ...... 26 Genoa May 25 th, 1935 ...... 20 Singapore January 1936 ...... 15 Milan January 5th, 1935 ...... 44 February 1936 ...... 16 August 1935 ...... 44 March 20th, 1936...... 42 December 15th, 1935 . .. 44 March 1936 ...... 26 Modena May 1935 ...... 45 Trinidad Monza April 20th, 1935...... 45 Port of Spain March 31st, 1936 ...... 42 Naples January 23rd, 1936 _ 45 Pomigliano d’Arco May 2nd, 1935 ...... 45 Canada : Rome January 1935 ...... 45 May 1935 ...... 52 Vancouver February 16th, 1936 . . . 30 S. Niccolo di Gros- March 2nd, 1936 ...... 26 seto May 1935 ...... 52 Santa Maria G. V. February 22nd, 1935... . 45 China: Savona January 16th, 1936 .... 46 Amoy February 14th-March Siena June 10th, 1935 ...... 34 5th, 1936 ...... Stelvio Road (be­ 16 tween Switzer­ Hankow November 1935 ...... 16 Ichang November 1935 ...... 16 land and Italy) July 29 th, 1935 ...... 46 Lappa December 1935 ...... 17 Netherlands : First quarter 1936 ...... 17 Peiping-Hankow Amsterdam February 28th, 1936 ... 21 Railway February 16th, 1936 36 Rotterdam February 28th, 1936 ... 21 Shanghai October 22nd,1933 . 42 April 22nd, 1936 ...... 21 International Settlement January 28th, 1936 ...... 36 Netherlands February 16th, 1936 37 Colonies : March 6 th, 1936...... 8 Netherlands March 17th, 1936...... 9 Indies January 1936 ...... 21 March 27th, 1936...... 9 Swatow First quarter 1936 ...... 17 Philippines, Com­ Tientsin December 19th, 1935 . .. 37 monwealth of August 25th, 1935 ...... 27 First quarter 1936 ...... 37 September24th, 1935 ... 27 Egypt: October 25th, 1935 ...... 27 Manila September 5th, 1935 ... . 4 Alexandria January 8 th ,1935 . .. D April 26th-27th, 1936 . 17 Poland- Cairo June 30th, 1934 3 Warsaw January 1932 ...... 3 1934-1935 ...... 51 April 26th-27th, 1936 ... 17 Portuguese Colonies : June 7th, 1936 ...... 37 Damietta 1932-1934 ...... 47 Macao November9th, 1935 . . . . 5 Gharbia Province March 14 th, 1936...... 38 1935 12 Kantara March 8 th, 1936...... 47 January 1936 ...... 27 Mansura 1935 ...... 52 February 1936 ...... 27 Mehalla el-Kobra 1935 ...... 52 Roum ania : port Said February 3rd and 4th, Gonstanza August 23rd, 1935 ...... 48 1936 18 Qalioub 1935 ...... December 10th, 1935 ... 48 52 Galatz November 1935 ...... 48 Tantah 1935 52 June 15th, 1935 ...... 34 ranee : September26th, 1935 ... 34

Bettignies S iam : Fourth quarter 1935 . 28,34 December 19th, 1935 . . 51 January 1936 ...... 34 October 18th, 1935 . . . . 43 July 30th, 1935 ...... 18 Turkey : Le Havre Lille October 12 th, 1935 19 Istanbul June 1935 ...... 3 Marseilles March 7th, 1936...... 33 April 1936 ...... 35 Paris January 2 0 th, 1936 19 Halki Island May 1936 ...... 12 May 21st. 1935...... 9 Turkey and December 31st, 1935 . . 12 Ethiopia 1934-1935 ...... 3 — 54 —

Country and Locality Dale Page Country and Locality Date Page

United States of United States of America (continued) : A m erica : Fourth quarter 1935 . . . 40 1935 5Q Indio, California May 14th, 1936 ...... 4g First quarter 1936 .... 40, 50 Lafitte, Louisiana May 21st, 1936...... 5g February 1936 ...... 41 New York January 10th, 1936 . 4P March 1936 ...... 41 March 6 th, 1936...... 30 April 1936 ...... 41,50 March20th, 1936. . . . oa Bayonne, New April 17th, 1936...... 49 Jersey February 7th, 1936 .... 5 April 20th, 1936...... 35 Blue Mountain, June 2nd, 1936 ...... 22 Mississippi April 14 th, 1936...... 49 Pacific Coast August 1935 ...... 29 Boston, Mass. May 12th-13th, 1936 . . . 28 San Francisco October 10th, 1935 ... 4 Bourg, Louisiana April 24th, 1936...... 49 April 14th, 1936...... 09 Buffalo, New York March 17th, 1936 ...... 22 San Pedro, Cali­ Calexico, Califor­ fornia May 26th, 1935 ...... 4 nia May 1st, 1936...... 22,28 Seattle, Washing­ Constable Hook, ton April 2nd, 1936 ...... 35 New Jersey April 7th, 1936...... 22 Staten Island, Dallas,Texas May 9th, 1936 ...... 49 New York April 1st, 1936 ...... 23 Daytona Beach January 7th, 1936 ...... 38 Tulsa, Oklahoma January 14th, 1936 ...... 6 January 29th, 1936 ...... 38 Wellton, Arizona November 22nd, 1935 .. g El Centro, Califor­ nia October-November 1935 36 Westmoreland, El Paso, Texas June 4 th ,1936 ...... 49 California October-November 1935 36 Galveston, Texas September 1935-January Wilmington, Cali­ 1936 38 fornia March 15th, 1936...... 29 Houma, Louisiana April 24th, 1936 ...... 49 Honolulu February 11th, 1935 ... 30 Houston, Texas September 1935-January 1936 38 Yugoslavia: November 19th, 1935 . 23 — 55 —

INDEX TO NAMES OF PERSONS, FIRMS, ETC.

Name Page Name Page Name Page

“ A & B ” m a r k ...... 15, 21 Chebat, Georges Marcel .... 11 Grace & Co., Lima, Peru Abe...... 42 Cheng Pao S han ...... 37 and New Y o r k ...... 46 Abd, Abd-el-Raouf el 52 Cheng T a ...... 17 Gross, Early H...... 36 Abdou, Abdel R aou f 51 Cheng Y an Cheung...... 17 Abu Out...... 5 CheocSui...... 27 Haber, L éon...... 3 Adamo, L uigi...... 45 Cheong Kum V à ...... 27 Haddah, K h alil...... 51 Affronti, Lonnie ...... 39 “ Chicken ” mark ...... 24 “ Hadji Ali Baba ” mark . . 39 “ Agedness ” m ark...... 27 “ Chicken & Wan Kee’s Doll ” Hakim, Ahmed Hassim . .. 51 Aggan, Elias...... 52 brand Chie S ou ...... 27 Hamilton, R. B...... 4 Agha, Ali Abdu el ...... 47 Ching Chu, Timber Yard, Haralambo...... 3 Agha, Mahmoud Abdu el. . . 47 H op eh ...... 37 Hassan, Kemal ...... 35 Agha, Mohamed Seddik Ching Ho, Timber Yard, “ Heart ” brand...... 15 Abdu e l ...... 47 Tientsin...... 37 Hein, Frantisek...... 23 Agha, Okasha Abdu e l 47 Choi Lam...... 27 Hendi, e l ...... 5 Ah N g ...... 17 Chong Chong...... 23 Herold, T...... 47 Ali, Abdou Metwalli ...... 48 Chong Kam Wing ...... 26 Hers H a y im ...... 13 Anavi, Benjamin M...... 11 Christea, Ionica ...... 48 Hikida, Shinichiro...... 30 Anavi, Isaac...... 11, 33 Christof, Dr. Maniadaki. ... 13 Hilmi, Abd el A ziz...... 51 Anderssen, Alfred...... 20 Chu Leong ...... 30 “ Hing Koo ” m a rk ...... 15 Annoni, Arturo ...... 45 C h u iH ei...... 27 Hitler, Frantisek...... 23 Antoniades, H ad ji...... 3, 35 C hu ng...... 37 Ho Cam ...... 27 Antoun...... 38 Chung Wall Co., Hong-Kong 26 Ho Pat ...... 27 Arcangelo, Michael...... 39 Coateval, Jean Pierre 43 “ Hong Chua Kee ” mark .. 34 Arida, A n tou n ...... 51 Goateval, Mme...... 43 Hook, N ural...... 42 Attendolo, Pietro ...... 51 “ Cock & Elephant ” mark 25, 28 “ Hop Tee Hou Macao” Au Mui...... 27 (2), 29 (2) m ark ...... 15 Awad, Hussein A...... 47 Cohen, Enrique...... 24 How Sing...... 23 Cohen, Haim ...... 24 Hsin Hua ShangTien ...... 37 Baasha, Saadalla e l ...... 47 Cohen, N athan...... 39 Hua M in ...... 37 Baghossian, Ohanes ...... 52 Copanos, Emile...... 35 Hua Wen ...... 37 Bakari, Mahmoud Hussein Cristalli, E n rico...... 44 Huh Zung Pharmacy, e l ...... 38 Shanghai ...... 42 Barbieri, Maria ...... 45 Davis, Charlotte ...... 36 H usnu...... 35 Bassati, Ibrahim el Sayed . . 47 Davitti, Pietro...... 44 Husseini, H. A. el ...... 47 Battini, O linto...... 52 Deal, Albert A...... 22 Bayoumi, Hussein 1...... 17 Declercq, E m ile ...... 41 IeongSoi ...... 27 Bayyaa, Mohamed Abdu el . 47 Dillon, John A...... 30 Beguelin, Charles Armand. . 43 D im itri...... 38 Jackson, LewisK...... 36 Beiersdorf & Co., P., Ham­ “ Double Cash ” m ark 24 Japan Pharmaceutical Esta­ burg ...... 36 Dumitru, Constantin Kiriac 48 blishment, Osaka...... 8 Bell, Thomas ...... 29 Jernigan, H erm an...... 49 Belloso, Archimede G 44 “ Eagle ” mark ...... 24 Jones, R o y ...... 36 Bencivenga, G em m a 45 Eddine, Mohamed A. Z 17 Berbeer, Mursi Ahmed el .. . 47 Eidelman, P h ilip ...... 39 Kadota, W illiam ...... 32 Berge, Anthony von der . .. 21 Ermenio, Constantine 20 Kaiho, Yoshio...... 33 Berkovitch, J e a n ...... 23 Errichiello, Guglielmo 45 Kalderon, Nessim...... 4 Berry, Perlita...... 4 E schref...... 3 Kan Shu K a n ...... 36 Besali, Kaisar...... 51 Evans Sons, Lescher & Kan Y a k o S h o ...... 36 Bielski, Stanislas...... 12 Webb, England ...... 34 Kanshouti, Abdel F. Abdu Bishai, Dr. Aziz Mikhail . .. 52 e l ...... 47 Biêorda, B iti...... 23 Fadl, Mohamed Idris ...... 48 Kapon, Dr. Philippe 43 Biâorda, N isim ...... 23 Fan Teng L o i...... 27 Katolnig, Leopold F...... 23 “ Black Bear ” label ...... 41 Fanglenglng ...... 27 Ke H o ...... 27 Blanchard, Félix...... 49 Fantappié, Evaristo...... 34 K em al...... 3 Blaszak, Frantisek ...... 23 Farschiet, A rtin ...... 5 Khoen Lian ...... 21 Boulos, S a b et...... 51 F e h m i...... 3 Khoury, Mitri ...... 52 Brunello, Alberto...... 44 Ferraro, J o e ...... 30 “ Kicking Mule ” label .... 41 Bucci, Nella...... 34 “ Flying Cow ” mark 34 Kimura, Takeji...... 33 Buffardi, A lfredo...... 45 Fong Bow Chee ...... 26 King Y uan-Hao...... 36 Fong Chan...... 27 Kiradjibachian, Arlin B. .. 5 Cabibbe, Arturo...... 34 Fong Pac K w a n ...... 27 Kleiwek, Leendert...... 21 Calderon, N issim ...... 4 Forni, Fedora...... 34 Knijpinga, Willem ...... 21 Capon, Dr. Philippe ...... 43 Fouda, Abdel R. A...... 47 Koo F o n g ...... 27 Carli, Domenico de ...... 52 Fouda, Youshaa A...... 47 Koo Y u n g ...... 17 Carpentieri, Giulio...... 52 Frantisek, Poliak...... 24 Kordovas, N essim ...... 3 Celli, Oreste...... 39 Frigerio, Luigo...... 45 Kosar, Giovanni ...... 23 Celli, R oscos...... 39 Fu Chang Yang H o n g 37 Koss, Jean...... 23 Kruining, A. J ...... 51 Chambretin & Co., Paris . . 6 Fu I a o ...... 27 Chan Can ...... 27 Fu I a u ...... 27 Kuang Hing Chong Co., Chan C han ...... 27 F u jig o...... 42 M acao...... 5 Chan Chiu 27 “ Fujitsuru ” lab el...... 42 Kung C ong...... 27 Chan 1...... 27 Furumoto, Tadayoshi 30 Kwan Hing ...... 17 Chan Kwok S han...... 5 Kwok Pun ...... 17 Chan Peng ...... 27 Gan Tiong ...... 27 “ Kwong Tung Pagoda ” label ...... 14 (2) Chan San...... 27 Garcia, Tony ...... 49 Chan Seng ...... 27 Garrahi, M. Mustapha el .. . 3 “ Kwong Si ” lab el...... 14 chan Si... 27 Gee, H arry ...... 28 Kwong Wo San...... 21 ChanTac...... 27 Gerdes, Oscar P...... 3 Chang Seng ...... 18 Ghadban, Mohamed M. el . . 47 Lago, Andrew ...... 39 Chang Sing Gum...... 22 Gherasim, Caraini F...... 48 Lai Heng ...... 27 Chang Y u n ...... 17 Giardino, G iulio...... 52 Lai P a u ...... 27 ChaoKun...... 17 Gilardi, E m ilio...... 45 Lam C au ...... 27 Chau F u k ...... 27 Girolamo, Semeria...... 46 Lam I eng...... 27 Che Tong...... 27 Gisla, Luigi...... 52 Lam P en g ...... 27 heang K â ...... 27 Gohari, Khalil Ali el ...... 17 Lanaud, C...... 49 — 56 —

Name Page Name Page Name Page

Lataqani, Sobhi e l ...... 42 Palmieri, A ugu sto...... 45 Tang Su ...... 22 Lau Ah Long...... 6 Pampalone, Niccolo U 44 Tanibuchi, Kumao ...... 35 Lau Mam ...... 27 Panait, Comaniez Fotin. . .. 48 Tchipvout, N essim ...... 3 Lauro, Salvatori di ...... 45 Pandolfi, Dr. A d o lfo 45 Teh Mao T’an g ...... 37 Le Dinh Men ...... 19 Panico, Giuseppe...... 45 Temmerman, Emile ...... 41 Lee Yao ...... 17 Paradis, G eorge...... 30 Tewfiq, Mohamed Mohamed 52 Lei Choi ...... 27 Pasini, L in d o ...... 20 Theodorides, Marco...... 3 Lei Fat Long ...... 5 Pazini, N ach esto...... 50 Thibadeaux, Noël...... 28 Lei Hong ...... 27 Pediotakis, Efstratiou .... 37 Thomas, Herman C...... 13 Lei Ieung ...... 27 Pepi, A dolfo...... 34 Tiao Sing ...... 27 Lei T im ...... 27 Perez, D avid ...... 3 Ting Tsui C h i...... 17 L e n g S i...... 27 Phokias...... 3 Ting Tze H e n g ...... 17 Leo, Aztomira d i ...... Pinacchio, F rank...... 39 Togno, Bonomo Aldo ...... 4Q Leong Chek C h i...... 13 Potrucli, Joseph ...... 23 Toledo...... 3 Leong C hiu...... 27 Producto Quimico Pharma- Toma, Hadji Markowiteii . . 12 LeongIeng ...... 27 ceuticos, S.A., Barcelona. 39 Toma, Tatosian...... 48 Leong Peng ...... 27 Prono, Carlo...... 44 Tomasoviô, Daniel...... 23 Leong Pou ...... 27 Pugliese, Gabrielle...... 45 Tong Ah S in g ...... 18 Leong William F...... 28 Pung Ah F o n g ...... 44 Tong, G eorge...... 4 Levi, E lias...... 23 Tseng L oung...... 4 Levy, D avid ...... 3 Quidiello, J o s e ...... 35 Tson Ha D ie ...... 19 Li Y u S h u n ...... 37 Tung Tze H on g...... 37 Ling Ah Sing ...... 18 Rabbat, Shak er...... 51 Ling Tse T in ...... 42 Rakover, Max ...... 24 Ugolini, Vincenzo ...... 34 “ Lion ” m ark...... 27 Rasheed, Hamaa e l ...... 47 U n U n g ...... 27 “ Lion & Globe ” mark 24, 25 (3) Ravotti, Giovanni...... 51 Ung 1...... 27(2) Liu Tse S in g ...... 42 “ Red Lion ” mark . . . 10, 25, 26 U ng I m ...... 27 “ Lo Fuk Kee ” mark...... 25 Reedi, Ahmed e l ...... 47 Ung Mui ...... 27 Lôbl, S y lv ia ...... 23 Ricciardi, V incenzo...... 45 United Fruit Co...... 35 Long Chek C h i...... 13 Riccio, Salvatore...... 45 Losco, M ichele...... 34 Richey, Keith ...... 30 Vai Sam ...... 27 Lucca, Joe ...... 39 Rifat, Haydar ...... 35 Valeriu, Gherea ...... 48 Lucius Brüning Hoescht . . 33 Righetti, Fausto ...... 45 Vasile, Constantin 1...... 48 Luke, J o e ...... 39 Rizkallah, Dr. Nassil' ...... 52 Ventura, Ysabel ...... 50 Lussoni, Luigi ...... 44 Rodaci, Frantisek...... 23 Viaene, Elise ...... 41 Rodoyan, Garabed ...... ». 5 Vong I Mâ ...... 27 Mac Cheong...... 27 Rose, Dr. Federico Baldi Vong Kei ...... 27 MacVey, Richard ...... 2 0 delle ...... 45 Vong Veng Foe ...... 27 Man Sui ...... 17 Rothman, Nathan...... 39 Mang, L ou ie...... 26 Rudi, Militz...... 44 Mansur, Neeman Youssef . 52 Ryan, Joseph ...... 18 Wagner, Johann ...... 24 Marotta, Gino ...... 34 Wandermann, J e a n ...... 23 Mason, Bernard Fay .... . 38 Salgues, Raymond ...... 12 Wang Chin C hu ng...... 37 Massarizi, N arciso...... 52 Salvadori, L idia...... 52 Wang Ching H u a ...... 37 Mercado, Jacques Halio . . 35 Sam Lee...... 28 Wang Hsin Chu ...... 16 Merck & Co., Darmstadt . 6 Sam V e n g ...... 27 Wang Hsing Chi ...... 37 35, 39, 41 Savoise, Mrs. R...... 49 Wang Ping Yen ...... 16 Methodios...... 38 Savoise, R alp h ...... 49 Wang Tze H e n g ...... 37 Michelis ...... 3 Scaliaris, N icolas...... 12 Wang Yau ...... 6 Militz, Rudi...... 44 Scasso, D om enido...... 20 Werner, Franz ...... 23 Miller, Joseph A...... 36 Schneider, Valentin...... 23 “ White Horse ” label ... 39,41 Miner, M orris...... 38 Schun, S am u el...... 47 Williams, Frank ...... 36 Miner, Mrs Morris ...... 38 Sebac, Saadalla el ...... 47 Wing Hing & Co., Hong- Minyawi, Sam ...... 5 Seood, Abdel Galil a ta Abou K o n g ...... 4 Miyakedo Ltd., Osaka . . 37 e l ...... 51 Wong Ah N e e ...... 18 Moïse...... 3 Serougi, Mahmoud A. W. el 18 Wong Chi ...... 21 Molares, Ebilio...... 35 Serra, G iuseppe...... 20 Wong Cri Tai ...... 17 Molina, A nacleto...... 27 Set Peng Leong...... 17 Wong On ...... 27 Montes, M anuel...... 49 Sfakianakis, Alexandre .... 52 Wong Young...... 4 Monteverdi, Guido ...... 34 Sforza, Alfredo...... 52 Wong Yu C h i...... 22 M orii...... 32 Shariki, Khadr Osmen el .. . 47 Wu Lam ...... Morles, A b elo ...... 35 Shehata, Mohamed Tewfik . 51 Wu Y in g ...... II Morse, Perlita ...... 4 Sherman, L o u is...... 23 Wygant, Edward...... Motomura. Mrs. Eva . . . . 4 Shviriansky, Alexander. . .. 39 Motomura, Fujuyuki . . . 4 Shviriansky, Arnold...... 39 Yacoub, Karkour ...... Motomura & Co., San Pedro 4 Shviriansky, D a v id ...... 39 Yagi, Genuchi ...... •*? Mui Veng ...... 27 Shviriansky, M ichel, 39 Yaldejian, Dr...... Jv Mullen, W illiam ...... 36 Sie M eng...... 27 Yamada, K., Chemical Murua, J o s e ...... 39 Silva, Julio A. E. d a ...... 13 Laboratory, K o b e 3/ Sing Yung Kun...... 17 Yangopoulos, Leandros, N a m T jé ...... 21 Sit H à ...... 27 Constantine...... Namour, Selim Iscandar . . . 52 Sit Peng Leong ...... 5 Yao Ching Chun ...... Ng K u an ...... 5 Slinn, K a te ...... 30 Yap Cou S a y ...... Nguan-Lai...... 34 Smola, Thérèse ...... 23 Yeung K e e ...... North, D a v e ...... 49 Sou S en g ...... 27 Yick Chu T on g ...... ^ Nour, Mohamed Amin . . 51 Starr, J a c k ...... 47 Yoshida, K a zu o...... ^ Nural Hook ...... 42 S u ltan ...... 3 Yoshio, Kaiho...... Swiriansky...... 23 Yousri, Maher ...... 2, Olechowski, Stanislas . . . 3 Yuki, K an jo...... Olivierre, Cyprian...... 42 Tai Hong ...... 27 Yung Yvan T’a n g ...... Olivierre, E d w ard ...... 42 Takahashi ...... 4 Orlowska, Marie ...... 3 Takemoto, Kichitaro 33 Zaccaria, A lfredo...... f ? OuShungKi ...... 17 Tam F o e ...... 27 Zaki, Ahmed H yssein ...... Ouf, A b u ...... 5 Tam T a k ...... 27 Zayyat, Abdu Ahmed el . • Ow Weng Cheng ...... 34 Tang Si Kiang...... 18 Zia M ehm ed......