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$C:\WP DOCS\PICTON\2334-Allthewayback\2334-Text-Part1.Wpd$ All The Way Back (2011 to 571) ended the French control of the peninsular portion of Nova Scotia. The British made several attempts to take Quebec but these efforts never even resulted in an attack on the city. A peace treaty was signed in 1713. Dummers’s War (1721 – 1725) was minor and resulted in a few battles between the French and the English in Maine. It started when the French became concerned with the colonists settling along the Kennebec River in Maine and began to raid them. The Colonists built Fort Dummer at what is today Brattleboro, Vermont. On 23 August 1724 a force of 80 men attacked the Indian settlement of Norridgewock and captured it. This had been the source of the raids against the Kennebec settlers. They killed seven Indian chiefs and the leader of the settlement. A peace treaty was signed in 1725. King George’s War (1744 – 1748) consisted of only one major action in North America. This was the siege of Louisburg on Cape Breton Island in 1745. It was a massive operation carried out by colonial forces. The siege was successful and the fortress fell. On 28 November 1745 the French and Indians raided Saratoga, New York and destroyed the settlement and either killed or captured more than 100 of its inhabitants. In 1748 the French attacked the settlement at Schenectady, New York. A peace treaty was signed in 1748. The French and Indian War (1754 – 1763) was the last of the French and Indian Wars. It was unique as it involved regular units of both the French and British armies engaged in combat in North America. These units were supported by local residents from Canada and the Colonials as well as various Indian tribes. One major action involving militia personnel was the Braddock Expedition against Fort Pitt in Pennsylvania. A force of British regulars, plus five companies of colonial militia proceeded towards Fort Pitt at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The force was ambushed on 9 July 1756 by the French and their Indian allies. General Braddock and most of the English officers were killed. George Washington took command of the force and was able to retreat to Cumberland, Maryland. There was also a raid in 1759 by Roger’s Rangers which destroyed the Indian village of Saint Frances in Quebec. It had been the source of many Indian raids on settlements in New England. The raid was made famous by the movie North West Passage starring Spencer Tracy and was based on the book by the same title written by Kenneth Roberts. All of the other main battles were fought in New York, Pennsylvania, St Briton Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and 126.

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The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War Essential Questions: ➢Who fought in the French and Indian War? ➢What caused the French and Indian War? ➢What battle tactics and strategies were used ? ➢What was the final outcome? ➢How did the results of the French and Indian War become the causes of the American Revolution? GREAT BRITAIN The English and the French brought this FRANCE rivalry with them to North America. Canada Colonies Great Britain (England) and France were “Arch- Enemies for centuries. Competing European Claims ◼ During the 1700’s, France and England had competing claims for land in North America. ◼ The French held trapping and trade routes in the Ohio Valley. ◼ The English colonies were encroaching on French territory as their population grew. ◼ They also competed over trade issues with the Native Americans in the disputed region. CAUSES OF THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR- FRENCH Causes of French Indian War Population and Economic Push BRITISH Competing Claims in the Ohio Territory ◼ France and England both claimed the Ohio River Valley. ◼ The French build forts in the region to protect their interest in the Valley. French FORT DUQUESNE-1754 French and Indian Allies at Fort Duquesne George Washington and Fort Necessity ◼ Virginia Governor Dinwiddie dispatched George Washington to Ohio in 1753 to deliver a protest to the French. The protest was ignored. ◼ Washington and his men were instructed to build a fort in the region. Young George Washington 1754 → The First Clash The Ohio Valley British French Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne * George Washington * Delaware & Shawnee & Virginia Militia Indians The Battle of Great Meadows Recreations of Ft.
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The Annals of Bedford County, Pennsylvania
F157 1B25 S3 1907 ! , . THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 4 " It ( e0'''' ' . I ' BB- 1'856..''.' - " - , ,!, . , . I . I I I e , , " , ` , i 11 11i : 7 1 I , I- 11 -11." , , .1 10, j or: The Peomsylvanid State (ollee Class N Book No. Accession No.A'4 2-7 I , I tf 17oncUSTEAT'E *- ~-JI'mr UOWSIYjJ( @, ;'gl i \ . .. dC .,i!:, i,, ' as'. 5, . , ' .'':':; Xrs ::. A; ; 0 gS WF: : I'm' L , W D':: Y -E C,' V 0 ;:a't:i: AW08UX 1, , i' HON. WILLIAM P. SCHELL THE BLUE JUNIATA By Mrs. Marion Dix Sullivan Wild roved an Indian girl, Bright Alfarata, Where sweep the waters Of the Blue Juniata; Swift as an antelope, Through the forest going, Loose were her jetty locks In wavy tresses flowing. Gay was the mountain song, Of bright Alfarata, Where sweep the waters Of the Blue Juniata, Strong and true my arrows are, In my painted quiver, Swift goes my light canoe, Adown the rapid river. Bold is my warrior, good, The love of Alfarata, Proud waves his snowy plume Along the Juniata; Soft and low he speaks to me, And then his war-cry sounding, Rings his voice in thunder loud, From height to height resounding. So sang the Indian girl, Bright Alfarata, Where sweep the waters Of the Blue Juniata; Fleeting years have borne away The voice of Alfarata, Still sweeps the river on, The Blue Juniata. The Annals of Bedford County, Pennsylvania Consisting of Condensed Sketches of the Most Important Events Which Occurred Dur- ing the Century From January 1750 to 1850 Prepared for OLD HOME WEEK August 4-10, 1907 BY HON.
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I a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts And
“ALL THE NATIONS TO THE SUN SETTING” GEORGE CROGHAN, EXTENDING THE LIMITS OF EMPIRE IN BRITISH NORTH AMERICA A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Liberal Studies By Jeffrey Michael Zimmerman, M.B.A. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. December 28, 2015 i ©2015 by Jeffrey Michael Zimmerman All Rights Reserved ii “ALL THE NATIONS TO THE SUN SETTING” GEORGE CROGHAN, EXTENDING THE LIMITS OF EMPIRE IN BRITISH NORTH AMERICA Jeffrey Michael Zimmerman, MBA Chair: Ronald M. Johnson, PhD ABSTRACT George Croghan was a mid-eighteenth-century British Indian agent. Born in Ireland, he came to America and settled in Pennsylvania in 1741. As an Ohio Valley fur trader he pushed far enough west to invite destruction of his Great Miami River depot by New France in 1752. Over time he befriended Shawnee, Ohio Huron and Miami Indians. Indian Department Superintendent Sir William Johnson rewarded his countryman’s effectiveness by appointing him western deputy. Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War added Illinois to Croghan’s responsibilities. General Lord Jeffrey Amherst led Britain’s war efforts; he was replaced by General Thomas Gage, under whom Croghan had served at Braddock’s Defeat. Pontiac’s War ensued; Gage and Johnson relied on Croghan, who knew the Ottawa leader, to end it. However, Croghan’s focus became blurred by land speculation. Several western land schemes crafted by Croghan and Philadelphia financier Samuel Wharton either failed or were cut short by the American Revolution.
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Meriwether Lewis and the Nemacolin Trail Through Squirrel Hill
Return to Lewis and Clark Experience Links ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Meriwether Lewis and the Nemacolin trail through Squirrel Hill TonyIndovina The inspiration for this article is a project by the National Park Service that will link Squirrel Hill to the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The SHHS was contacted by the consulting group that created and maintains the website Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail Experience (https://lewisandclark.travel/), regarding their desire to include the Neill log home in Schenley Park on their interactive map because of their belief that Meriwether Lewis passed near there in 1803. The link to this project will soon be put on the SHHS. Perhaps no roadway in Squirrel Hill is more rooted in early American history than the Nemacolin Trail, said to have passed closely by the historic Neill Log Home and Catahecassa Fountain in Schenley Park. The Nemacolin Trail was created by a King's Man Meriwether Lewis by from Maryland and a Delaware Indian Chief who improved a network of hunting paths, Charles Wilson Peale, 1807 first blazed by buffalo through the Cumberland Narrows in Maryland. And though the original trail ended just outside of Brownsville on the Monongahela River, an extension of it is believed to have passed through Squirrel Hill. The Nemacolin Trail also became Braddock's Road and parts of U.S. Route 40, the National Road. We will focus firston the most recent referenceto the trail and its connection to Squirrel Hill. Meriwether Lewis' Travel to Early Pittsburgh The history of Meriwether Lewis' route to Pittsburgh on the Nemacolin Trail is somewhat speculative.
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French & Indian War Bibliography 3.31.2017
BRITISH, FRENCH, AND INDIAN WAR BIBLIOGRAPHY Detre Library & Archives, Heinz History Center 1. ALL MATERIALS RELATED TO THE BRITISH, FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR (APPENDIX A not included) 2. FORTS/FORTIFICATIONS 3. BIOGRAPHY/AUTOBIOGRAPHY 4. DIARIES/PERSONAL NARRATIVES/LETTERS 5. SOLDIERS/ARMS/ARMAMENTS/UNIFORMS 6. INDIAN CAPTIVITIES 7. INDIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE 8. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR HISTORIES 9. PONTIAC’S CONSPIRACY/LORD DUNMORE’S WAR 10. FICTION 11. ARCHIVAL APPENDIX A (Articles from the Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine and Pittsburgh History) 1. ALL MATERIALS RELATED TO THE BRITISH, FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR A Brief History of Bedford Village; Bedford, Pa.; and Old Fort Bedford. • Bedford, Pa.: H. K. and E. K. Frear, 1961. • qF157 B25 B853 1961 A Brief History of the Colonial Wars in America from 1607 to 1775. • By Herbert T. Wade. New York: Society of Colonial Wars in the State of New York, 1948. • E186.3 N532 No. 51 A Brief History of the King’s Royal Rifle Corps. • Edited by Sir Edward T. H. Hutton. Winchester: Printed by Warren and Son, Ltd., 1912. • UA652 K5 H9 A Charming Field For An Encounter: The Story of George Washington’s Fort Necessity. • By Robert C. Alberts. National Park Service, 1975. • E199 A33 A Compleat History of the Late War: Or Annual Register of Its Rise, Progress, and Events in Europe, Asia, Africa and America. • Includes a narrative of the French and Indian War in America. Dublin: Printed by John Exshaw, M.DCC.LXIII. • Case dD297 C736 A Country Between: The Upper Ohio Valley and Its Peoples 1724-1774.
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British Soldiers and Indian Warriors from Braddock's
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French and Indian War Historic Sites in Western Pennsylvania
Exploring the Real Thing Visiting French and Index Indian War Sites Braddock’s Battlefield he French and Indian War is an History Center .................................. 158 Texciting topic with many compelling Bushy Run Battlefield .......................159 stories. Let your students continue their learning by exploring the real history. Fort Ligonier ..................................... 160 By visiting the museums and historic sites Fort Necessity National Battlefield ....161 associated with the French and Indian Fort Pitt Museum ..............................162 War, participants will see and experience the actual places, artifacts and documents Jumonville Rindfuss Museum ......... 163 that made history. Students will be able Senator John Heinz to connect the events of the past to History Center .................................. 164 experiences today. At the same time teachers will be meeting the standards they are required to teach and providing the students with culminating activities. Many of the places where important French and Indian War events occurred are open to the public and offer tours for student groups. On the following pages is information about each of the French and Indian War sites that helped sponsor this teacher’s education kit. Exploring the Real Thing 157 Contact Information Braddock’s Battlefield History Center Location: 609 Sixth Street North Braddock, PA 15104 Phone Number: 412-271-0800 or 412-651-1793 Mailing Address: 419 Library Street Braddock, PA 15104 Hours: Tuesday and Saturday, 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.; Sundays, Noon to 4:00 p.m.. Other days and times by special arrangement. Hours subject to change. Please call ahead to check. Season: Year round. Features: New French & Indian War site located where the famous Battle of the Monongahela began.
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Finding Fort Tonoloway a French and Indian War Fortification on the Western Frontier of Maryland ABPP Grant #GA-P18AP000519
Finding Fort Tonoloway A French and Indian War Fortification on the Western Frontier of Maryland ABPP Grant #GA-P18AP000519 Submitted to: Preservation Maryland 3600 Clipper Mill Road, Suite 248 Baltimore, Maryland 21211 Submitted by: Rivanna Archaeological Services 410 E. Water Street Suite 1100 Charlottesville, VA 22902 Finding Fort Tonoloway A French and Indian War Fortification on the Western Frontier of Maryland ABPP Grant #GA-P18AP000519 This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior. Principal Investigator and Report Author Benjamin P. Ford Rivanna Archaeological Services, LLC Charlottesville, Virginia August 2020 Finding Fort Tonoloway Preservation Maryland ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project owes a large debt of gratitude to many people. This research could not have been completed without the invaluable assistance of Robert Ambrose, Fort Frederick State Park Ranger. Robert’s manuscript, Stoddert’s Fort: Marylands Defender in the Tonoloways, was our first in-depth introduction to Fort Tonoloway and its historical context. Robert also generously gave us a first-hand tour of Fort Tonoloway State Park and drove us on windshield tour of the vicinity of Hancock, Maryland. Throughout our research Robert fielded, and patiently answered, our numerous questions and requests for assistance. His extensive knowledge of Fort Tonoloway, the French and Indian War Period, and insight into local informants and repositories was essential to this project’s success. Nicholas Redding, Executive Director of Preservation Maryland served as overall project manager, organized the start-up meeting, and provided guidance and advice throughout the project.
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The British and Indian War: Cherokee Power and the Fate of Empire in North America Author(S): Paul Kelton Source: the William and Mary Quarterly, Vol
The British and Indian War: Cherokee Power and the Fate of Empire in North America Author(s): Paul Kelton Source: The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 4 (October 2012), pp. 763-792 Published by: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.69.4.0763 . Accessed: 17/12/2013 13:57 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The William and Mary Quarterly. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 129.174.21.5 on Tue, 17 Dec 2013 13:57:36 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions The British and Indian War: Cherokee Power and the Fate of Empire in North America Paul Kelton N November 20, 1758, the commander of Fort Duquesne, Captain François-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery, sent a desperate message Oto his Native allies of the upper Ohio. Sixteen indigenous lead- ers were then assembled at the village of Kuskuskia on the Allegheny. The Ohioans—a mix of Delawares, Shawnees, and resident Iroquois referred to as Mingos—listened closely to the messenger who spoke the French officer’s words: “The English are coming with an army to destroy both you and me.
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Washington 1753 Trail Reconnaissance Survey 2019
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY THE WASHINGTON TRAIL – 1753 National Park Service Park Planning and Special Studies Northeast Region August 2019 This page intentionally blank. ii Executive Summary The National Park Service (NPS) prepared this reconnaissance survey at the request of U.S. Congressman Mike Kelly (PA-3) to evaluate the likelihood that The Washington Trail – 1753 resources would meet the criteria for designation as a National Historic Trail if a trail feasibility study was authorized by Congress. The purpose of a reconnaissance survey is to provide a preliminary evaluation of a resource and to recommend whether an authorization for a study fully evaluating the resource should be considered by the U.S. Congress. The Washington Trail – 1753 covers the 500-mile route from Williamsburg, Virginia, to Fort LeBoeuf (present Waterford, Pennsylvania) that George Washington and his party traversed on his diplomatic mission to the French from October 31, 1753 to January 16, 1754, just prior to the start of the French and Indian War (1754 – 1763). The National Trails System Act P.L. 90-543 Sec. 5(b) specifies 10 study requirements and three criteria that must be met for a trail to be eligible for designation as a National Historic Trail. Given the limited scope of a reconnaissance survey, this preliminary evaluation focused on evaluating the three eligibility criteria for potential National Historic Trail designation. In consultation with the National Park Service’s (NPS) Park Planning and Special Studies Division and with the NPS National Trails System program, the study area was defined as the entire route that Washington took from Williamsburg, Virginia, to Fort LeBoeuf (present Waterford, Pennsylvania) between the dates of October 31, 1753, and January 16, 1754.
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Warfare in Colonial America: Prelude and Promise
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2000 Warfare in Colonial America: Prelude and Promise David Michael Corlett College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Corlett, David Michael, "Warfare in Colonial America: Prelude and Promise" (2000). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626274. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-07ab-qb78 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WARFARE IN COLONIAL AMERICA: PRELUDE AND PROMISE A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by David M. Corlett 2000 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Approved, January 2000 James Axtell eisa D Dale E. Hoak TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgments iv List of Figures V Abstract vi Introduction 2 Chapter 1: The Irregular Education of John Bull 5 Chapter 2: Defeat on the Monongahela 42 Chapter 3: Aftermath of Disaster 79 Conclusion 106 Bibliography 114 Vita 126 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Professor James Axtell, whose suggestions, criticisms, and insight proved invaluable in the process of researching and writing this thesis as did his insistence on clear and engaging prose.
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